Search

In China, master's students in humanities and social sciences (HSS) are becoming the main target of Chinese-language predatory journals. Existing research has not paid enough attention to why these students publish papers in Chinese-language predatory journals. This research interviewed 30 HSS master's students with different majors using semi-structured interviews and Grounded Theory to analyze the data; it found that research discrimination, research context, self-awareness, and individual demand are the main reasons why students publish papers in Chinese-language predatory journals. This study provides the following suggestions in an effort to solve the problem of Chinese-language predatory journals. First, the Chinese government should draw up a blacklist of Chinese-language predatory journals. Second, the research evaluation departments of Chinese universities and research institutions should evaluate the research results of HSS master's students based on this list. Third, Chinese universities or scientific research institutions should strengthen the training of HSS master tutors and increase their awareness of Chinese-language predatory journals. And finally, Chinese HSS master's students should be taught about the hazards of Chinese-language predatory journals in research integrity and ethics courses, and refuse to publish papers in Chinese-language predatory journals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Brucellosis, one of the most common zoonotic diseases globally, is a serious public health problem. The complex and diverse clinical manifestations pose numerous challenges for patients when coping with brucellosis. Scarce studies have been performed in China. Objectives: This study aimed to explore the process of coping with brucellosis and different aspects of the phenomenon from the perspective of patients, and propose a conceptual framework of patients' processes in coping with brucellosis. Methods: Qualitative study based on constructivist grounded theory methodology using in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. The data analysis included initial coding, focused coding, and theoretical coding using the constant comparative method and memo writing. Results: The conceptual framework of "compelled metamorphosing" was constructed, which conceptualized three primary types of coping strategies: "blind persistence", "resignation to avoidance", and "proactive pacing". Symptoms, financial strain, information cocoon, emotional value, and family responsibility had an important impact on coping strategies and played a significant role in driving their development. Conclusions: This paper provides new insight into patients' lives and describes the strategies patients use to cope with the challenges and problems caused by brucellosis. Compelled metamorphosing represents a basic psychosocial process. These findings can be used to develop future complex interventions and studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Administrative authority in the management of protected areas (PAs) shapes the pattern of the governance network of PAs, which is directly related to the balance and stability of natural resource elements and the whole ecosystem in PAs. A PA itself is a special ecological space, and the management of PAs must be able to guarantee the shaping of the order of this special ecological space. This paper built an analytical framework of administrative authority in the management of PAs from the perspective of holistic spatial protection by utilizing qualitative research methods and analyzing policy texts, legal texts, and typical judicial cases related to the governance of PA to sort out and review the administrative authority in the management of PAs. It proposes to centralize and synergize the exercise of administrative power in the management of PAs to meet the expectation of the comprehensive, synergistic, and holistic management of PAs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To explore the prospective acceptability of an implementation leadership training programme prototype for nurse managers in China to implement evidence‐based practices, from the perspectives of potential programme participants and deliverers. Design: A qualitative descriptive study was conducted in Spring 2022 at three tertiary hospitals in Hunan, China. Methods: We conducted individual semi‐structured interviews with unit‐level nurse managers (n = 14), including 12 potential participants, and two potential deliverers that have been involved in developing the programme prototype. Interview questions and thematic analysis were guided by the Theoretical Framework of Acceptability. Results: After reviewing the programme content, potential participants and deliverers reported that unit nurse managers would benefit from engaging in the programme, acknowledging that the programme fit with professional nursing values for implementing research evidence. They expressed positive views about being involved in producing academic papers through the training process, and interactive multi‐modal training activities such as group work, experience‐sharing and coaching. Seven participants were not very confident about being fully engaged in the training, as they could not navigate the English research literature. Both participants and deliverers highlighted factors that would influence their participation, including time constraints, the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic, and support from senior organizational leadership. Conclusions: The training programme prototype was perceived to be useful and acceptable. The multimodal training activities were considered a strength and managers expressed an interest in writing academic papers about their implementation processes. Support from senior hospital leaders and programme deliverers was identified as critical to the training programme's success. Impact: The study helps understand nurse managers' perceptions and concerns of participating in an implementation leadership training programme and could inform the development and refinement of similar programmes in various nursing contexts globally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the difficulty in identifying and monitoring factors that cause hearing impairment during pregnancy, large numbers of new hearing‐impaired children are born every year. Children's hearing impairment can have an impact on all aspects of the family. Family education, as an important element of family function, plays a key role in the growth and development of hearing‐impaired children and in improving the interaction between hearing‐impaired children and their parents. Based on a qualitative study in central China, this article examines the current situation and dilemmas of family education for hearing‐impaired children. Results show that families of hearing‐impaired children generally have a tendency to avoid family education responsibilities, as demonstrated by the lack of family roles, low participation in specific family education, absence of communication and care functions and a laissez‐faire approach to bringing up their children. This evasive tendency cannot simply be attributed to parental irresponsibility; rather, it is the result of a combination of four factors and is closely related to insufficient social support. In the short term, a two‐pronged approach is needed: strengthening the government's responsibility and rendering assistance for families with hearing‐impaired children on the one hand, and establishing reliable links between home and school to provide professional support on the other. In the long run, it is necessary to build up a social support mechanism with social work intervention. This paper puts forward the need for collaboration among multiple parties and a family‐centred assistance model to promote a shift from the tendency towards evasion to active assumption of family responsibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The introduction of Small Private Online Courses (SPOCs) in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) instruction at Higher Vocational Colleges (HVCs) signifies a shift in education. Understanding the factors that affect deep learning in this SPOC context is crucial for improving educational outcomes. Objectives: By employing grounded theory, we seek to explore the key factors that shape deep learning experiences for students in SPOC learning environments at HVCs and clarify the interrelationships among these influencing factors. Methods: Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 18 EFL students and 4 teachers and NVivo 11 software was utilised to aid in the qualitative analysis of the collected data. Through a rigorous three‐tier coding analysis, an "environment‐person‐mediation ‐behaviour" (EPMB) model was constructed, aiming to clarify the mechanisms that influence deep learning among EFL students in HVCs. Results: Our findings reveal that intrinsic motivation and cognitive abilities are crucial for deep learning among EFL students in HVCs. Blended learning settings, English curriculum satisfaction, and English teachers' teaching methods serve as situational influencing factors. These factors are interconnected, mediating positive or negative effects on deep learning through various intermediaries like continuity, attraction, guidance, motivation, and regulation. Implications: The findings offer pedagogical insights for HVC stakeholders, enabling them to enhance students' deep learning experiences. Lay Description: What is already known about this topic: SPOCs are reshaping EFL instruction in HVCs, emphasising active student involvement and instructor guidance.Challenges in SPOC‐based blended learning include concerns about depth due to temporal and spatial separation.Current foreign language designs lack the integration of deep learning concepts, revealing gaps in understanding influencing factors. What this paper adds: The study introduces an "environment‐person‐mediation ‐behaviour" (EPMB) model to uncover intricate factors influencing deep learning in SPOC environments.Intrinsic motivation and cognitive abilities are identified as fundamental factors, with situational contributors such as blended‐learning settings and curriculum satisfaction.Logical relationships among major factors are unveiled, explaining how continuity, attraction, guidance, motivation, and regulation mediate deep learning experiences. Implications for practice or policy: Stakeholders in HVCs can use pedagogical insights to enhance students' deep learning experiences in SPOC environments.Curriculum providers should prioritise practical, professional, and student‐specific English curriculum designs.Teachers should integrate English language learning with professional course content and create specialised materials to enhance language learning practicality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nurses are the frontline professionals caring for patients who have attempted suicide. When clinical nurses learn from medical records or nursing handover, or are proactively informed by patients or family members, that the patients they are caring for have suicidal tendencies, they often experience pressure and face challenges. However, little attention has been given to the experiences of the nurses caring for patients with suicidal intent on medical and surgical wards. We aimed to address this knowledge gap. The purpose of this study was to explore medical and surgical nurses' experiences, especially the internal conflicts they might experience while caring for patients who have a history of attempted suicide. A qualitative descriptive design and semi‐structured interviews were used in this study. Twenty‐three nurses were recruited and interviewed individually. Data were analysed by qualitative content analysis. The focus of this paper is to examine the emergent theme of intrapersonal conflict experienced by the participants. Nurses' experiences can be clustered into two themes: (1) Pity and annoyance and (2) Hard work does not necessarily pay off. Intrapersonal conflict was identified by participants as considerable fear and anxiety about the possibility of a patient's suicide, as well as a mixture of pity for and annoyance with the patients. Nurses feel sorry for such patients, but they are also annoyed by the extra work required to prevent suicide attempts in the ward. Additionally, having limited time and ability, they see that their hard work does not necessarily pay off and may sometimes lead to punishment. Our findings raise serious concerns about the adequacy of the knowledge of the nurses, their competence and their difficulties in caring for such patients. In addition, there is a need to provide them with appropriate on‐the‐job education and immediate emotional support relevant to caring for survivors of suicide attempts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigated teacher wellbeing in a rapidly expanding educational context of Universities of the Third Age in China. Based on the analysis of 48 metaphors innovatively elicited from 27 teacher participants, important cognitive, affective and social aspects of teaching and learning that configure teacher wellbeing have been outlined. It is argued that teaching is a cognitive development in which new knowledge, ways of teaching and understanding of self are progressively gained in the classrooms where students are often more senior and experienced. Teaching is also an emotional labor where passion, empathy, companionship and patience are crucial in facilitating successful later-life learning and aging. Furthermore, teaching realizes social functions, including but not limited to enlightening older adults, creating a synergized learning environment and fulfilling multiple social responsibilities as a good teacher, a cultural disseminator and a Chinese citizen. Findings suggest the need to understand these under-represented teachers for quality elderly education in the global trend of population aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China's ascendant position in International Relations has sparked a debate over the future of the US-led liberal international order. As China's military, economic, ideological, and institutional influence continues to expand, apprehensions about its challenges to the existing global order and the evolution of China's role in international governance have intensified. This research is qualitative and consults both primary and secondary recourses. From the neo-Gramscian school of thought perspective, this research explores the core relationship between China and the global order, delving deep into the historical context. Unlike traditional international relations theories, this research presents a historical and relational interpretation to present an alternative perspective on China's rise. Elucidating this dynamic historical progression, this paper posits that China's relationship with the world order has evolved significantly, moving from animosity and refutation in the post-independence period to compliance with Western ideals and institutions, integration into the international system and, more recently, to the pursuit of independent institution-building, global governance, and promotion of alternative world order. This paper concludes that while China has adopted a predominant role in shaping the rules of the international system, it is far from being a disruptive reformist. Thus, despite its global outreach, China does not seek to build a power centre that counters explicitly the Western liberal order but signals a gradual transition towards a multipolar order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past decade, the maker movement has gained prominence in China, garnering attention from policymakers, scholars, and practitioners. Although several studies have explored the movement's macro-level impacts on the country's economy and society, an adequate understanding of the individual makers' lived experiences, practices, and ideologies remains elusive. This paper addresses this gap by examining how individual makers negotiate and respond to the global maker movement's individualistic values and China's state-led techno-nationalism. Framed by concepts of "critical making" and "maker ideology," the study draws on qualitative data obtained from individual makers to offer insights into the evolving maker culture in China. Our findings suggest that Chinese makers have moved away from the Westernized critical-making paradigm and embraced a more techno-nationalistic orientation. By contributing to a nuanced understanding of the non-uniform and diverse development of the global maker movement in non-Western contexts, this paper sheds new light on the maker movement's ongoing transformation in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interest in formal Nuosu Yi language programmes has been waning in Liangshan, China, even though Nuosu Yi continues to be widely spoken among Yi residents. In this paper, we adopt Hornberger (2004. "The Continua of Biliteracy and the Bilingual Educator: Educational Linguistics in Practice." International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism 7 (3): 155–171.)'s continua of biliteracy and a translanguaging perspective to explore this phenomenon, and draw on a qualitative study of Yi students' and their teachers' language practices in three schools. Data include observations of Yi students' and teachers' spoken practices both in casual interactions and formal classroom instruction, and photos of their formal and informal written practices. Findings revealed a literacy-oracy divide in formal Nuosu Yi education: written Nuosu Yi was prioritised at school but was not found to be widely used in daily life. By contrast, spoken Nuosu Yi, which was drawn on frequently by students and teachers in informal interactions, was largely excluded at school due to a highly standardised and literacy-focused institutional setting. The continua of biliteracy and translanguaging allowed a nuanced investigation into different kinds of language practices at school, showing how the existing communicative repertoire of the students was not considered to be an asset in formal education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper draws on a qualitative case study of the motherhood experiences of visually impaired Chinese women. The aim is to explain how disability and gender intersected in terms of motherhood experiences. By applying an intersectionality analytical framework, the present study argues that as people with disabilities, visually impaired women encounter more barriers and receive excessive support that threatens their expression of agency throughout motherhood decisions and childcare; as women with disabilities, visually impaired women receive less support from their family of origins compared to men with disabilities. By reinterpreting disability, employing various strategies to resist societal stigmas, and emphasizing their roles in the public sphere, women with visual impairments challenge the boundaries between disability and ability and reframe their relations with the world as mothers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (QUAD) comprises of likeminded countries India, Australia, US and Japan. It is a significant player in the Indo-Pacific region amidst a growing Chinese influence. This research paper assesses the effectiveness of Quad in the maritime containment of China. The paper also circulates around individual national interests that may hinder the effectiveness of Quad while also underscoring its limitations. The research was conducted using a qualitative research method. Secondary sources such as journal articles, news, and official joint statements by the alliance were consulted to formulate this paper. The alliance is subjugated to the potential impact on the future of the Indo-Pacific region. Lastly, its effectiveness is quite uncertain towards a counter balancing China and its significant implications for regional security and freedom of navigation. In terms of future prospects, the maritime security and its threats will keep on changing with evolving time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: For adults with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), they experience many challenges in dietary decision‐making. Thus, this study examined the perspective and experiences of adults with IBD in dietary decision‐making. Objective: This study aimed to explore the perception and consideration of people with IBD in their daily dietary decisions through monitoring, interpretation and action during the decision‐making process. Design: A qualitative study of individuals affected by IBD was conducted through semistructured interviews. Results: Twenty patients were recruited from four tertiary hospitals in Nanjing, China, and each participant completed a semistructured interview. The majority of participants reported on the process and experience of dietary decision‐making. Key themes were categorised into three stages: (1) assessing needs, preferences and food cues (monitor); (2) moving from experience to expertise (interpret) and (3) balancing expectations amidst limitations (act). The majority of participants reported that their decisions were shaped by assessing current disease status and food cues. Those interviewed with IBD were willing to make tradeoffs for bowel stability, but their decisions were also influenced by past dietary experiences and traditional Chinese beliefs. The lack of awareness of dietary guidelines was a significant barrier to healthy eating decisions. Positive or negative feelings accompanied dietary decisions. Conclusion: Although most people with IBD change their diet after diagnosis, the changes made are often inconsistent with existing dietary recommendations. Several factors can influence the dietary decision‐making process. This study will help assess the experiences of people with IBD in dietary decision‐making to encourage the formation of targeted dietary health and well‐being interventions. Knowledge of nutrition and diet should be provided in education and training programmes for IBD management. Patient or Public Contribution: The first three authors of this paper were the lead researchers in this study's design. These authors were mentored by patient researchers who also contributed to the manuscript, and the research process was co‐lead and directed by other patient participants and consultants. The results of this paper were directly obtained from patient participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The study aimed to explore the influence of Chinese culture and customs on the beliefs and health‐related behaviours of Chinese women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods: This descriptive qualitative study conducted semi‐structured interviews with 15 Chinese women between November 2022 and January 2023. The interview data were analysed using thematic analysis. Results: Three major themes are found: (1) beliefs in health, (2) beliefs in illness and GDM and (3) beliefs in health‐related behaviours. They worried about the negative effects of GDM on the infant and family, so they actively sought medical advice to maintain health. However, it is challenging for them to balance adhering to healthcare professionals' advice and avoiding practical difficulties in the impact of the Chinese sociocultural context. Conclusion: This study emphasizes the influence of Chinese culture and customs on the beliefs and health‐related behaviours of women with GDM. Healthcare providers should recognize the influence of Chinese culture, customs and beliefs on women with GDM and their families, in order to provide individualized education to help them maintain health‐related behaviours. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is increasing in China and affects 14.8% of pregnant women.Some personal beliefs about illness and health can lead to inadequate self‐care behaviours and thus failure to achieve optimal self‐management and health goals.Factors of Chinese sociocultural content and Chinese traditional culture and customs may have different influences on Chinese married women's beliefs in health, illness and health‐related behaviours. What this paper adds? Influenced by Chinese culture and customs, Chinese women's perspectives on gestational diabetes are bidirectional. They fear the negative effects of the disease on infants' and families' health and actively seek help, while some try to balance following professional advice and practical difficulties, such as diet control and self‐glucose monitoring.The low‐risk self‐management awareness, lack of adequate healthcare knowledge, and self‐care practice in Chinese women with GDM are one of the factors that lead to practical difficulties in GDM management.Understanding the impact of traditional Chinese culture and customs on the beliefs and health‐related behaviours of women with GDM, well‐trained healthcare professionals can disseminate personalized health education to individuals, families and communities to improve GDM management in these women. The implications of this paper: Health providers need to constantly update the GDM guidelines with Chinese cultural characteristics based on the cultural acceptance and customs of Chinese women with GDM in order to offer them individualized care and scientific advice.The findings of this study could act as a clinical resource for health professionals to investigate the impact of differences in culture and customs across countries or regions on individual beliefs and health‐related behaviours in different populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To explore the health beliefs of clinical and academic nurses from Japan, Australia and China regarding wearing paper masks to protect themselves and others, and to identify differences in participants' health beliefs regarding masks. Background: The correct use of face masks and consensus among health professionals across the globe is essential for containing pandemics, and nurses need to act according to policy to protect themselves, educate the public and preserve resources for frontline health workers. Paper masks are worn by health professionals and the general public to avoid the transmission of respiratory infections, such as COVID‐19, but there appear to be differences in health beliefs of nurses within and between countries regarding these. Methods: This qualitative descriptive study used content analysis with a framework approach. Findings: There were major differences in nurse participants' beliefs between and within countries, including how nurses use paper masks and their understanding of their efficacy. In addition, there were cultural differences in the way that nurses use masks in their daily lives and nursing practice contexts. Conclusion: Nurses from different working environments, countries and areas of practice hold a variety of health beliefs about mask wearing at the personal and professional level. Implications for nursing policy and health policy: The COVID‐19 pandemic has sparked much discussion about the critical importance of masks for the safety of health professionals, and there has been considerable discussion and disagreement about health policies regarding mask use by the general public. Improper use of masks may have a role in creating mask shortages or transmitting infections. An evidence‐based global policy on mask use for respiratory illnesses for health professionals, including nurses, and the general public needs to be adopted and supported by a wide‐reaching education campaign. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using multiple methods and qualitative research design (including analysis of online dating profiles, digital ethnography, and in-depth interviews), I examine the discriminatory nature and mechanism of youzhi (優質), a neoliberal discourse widespread on the Chinese gay dating platform "Blued." This paper also explores how users interpret the connotations of youzhi and utilize it while justifying and normalizing the usage. My findings consider that the discourse of youzhi can integrate a variety of human qualities and generate a hierarchy with establishing an image of first-class citizens in the Chinese gay community. Specifically on Blued, the connotation of youzhi has been reframed into a one-sided, superficial variant through the site's pre-configurated attributes and marketing promotions. This underlines the sexual and erotic capital with physical aspects of gay hegemonic masculinity as the currency. Given its discriminatory essence, which could risk the user's desirability, youzhi is still widely utilized on Blued to deter the ones lacking sexual capital from contacting, promote the user's image, and attract the ones who meet the stringent beauty standards. Based on my findings, the users rationalize and normalize these actions as solely following the logic of how Blued is configured and what it has constantly promoted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Through interviews with older adults and professionals in Chongqing, China, this paper explores the challenges and opportunities faced by smart cities that undertake to better support ageing‐in‐place. Methods: We undertook a qualitative multi‐methods approach, engaging 46 professional stakeholders and 64 older people to examine the role of smart cities in enabling older people to age‐in‐place in Chongqing, China. Results: With the development of smart cities, technology has the potential to facilitate ageing‐in‐place by creating opportunities for heathy and active ageing. This study identified specific priorities in delivering age‐friendly smart cities, including the following: shaping smart environments around the everyday lives of older people, designing inclusive and equitable smart cities and ensuring strong forms of institutional governance, trust and relationship building with older people. Conclusions: The age‐friendly city and communities movement (AFCC) and smart city policy instruments have potential for realising active ageing by supporting mobility, access to services and civic participation. However, there exists a disconnect between smart city policy and practice in delivering tangible well‐being outcomes for older people. Addressing this requires greater cross‐sectoral working, reconciling smart city policy priorities with AFCC domains and creating the institutional and governance framework to enable socially sustainable cities to support ageing‐in‐place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION The rapid growth of e-cigarette usage among youth and young people has emerged as a significant public health concern. It is imperative to initiate effective vaping prevention campaigns and undertake relevant research to address this pressing issue. This research seeks to identify effective video advertisements to deter young people from starting to use e-cigarettes. It aims to offer evidence-based insights and recommendations for creating communication materials and designing messages for youth e-cigarette prevention efforts. METHODS College students aged 18-24 years (n=40) participated in focus groups within this qualitative study. After viewing four stimulus videos, participants discussed what they perceived as effective and ineffective video characteristics, as well as suggestions for future videos. RESULTS Effective video characteristics included the use of real-life testimonials, displaying specific health hazards, revealing harmful chemical ingredients and the deceptive nature of flavors, and positively perceived effectiveness. Participants generally found that videos with strong visual impact and graphics were more engaging and that approaches using fear and emotion were more effective. Ineffective characteristics included complex and exaggerated information, lack of empathy and irrelevance, insufficiently specific information, extreme and death-themed content, industry messages, as well as preachy tones, animations, metaphors, dull formats, excessive length, and scenes of e-cigarette use. CONCLUSIONS Developing anti-e-cigarette campaign materials for youth necessitates target audience-focused qualitative research. This helps in deeply exploring and identifying effective themes and messages, as well as video characteristics and details while avoiding ineffective or even misleading messages and themes from young people's perspectives outside the United States. Future development of e-cigarette prevention videos for Chinese college students may consider incorporating localized real-life testimonial cases to convey specific harms, including self-efficacy information, and utilizing fear and emotional appeals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A dental hygienist is an indispensable auxiliary staff in stomatology who assists people in achieving an optimum level of oral health. Despite advancements in dental medical services, our country has not yet established the position of dental hygienists. The current imbalance in the allocation of dental human resources has created a significant disparity between the demand for and supply of dental auxiliaries. By defining the responsibilities and functions of dental hygienists and establishing this position, this gap could be mitigated. The present study was conducted to explore dentists' views on the role orientation, duty division and development situation of dental hygienists, in order to provide a reference for the establishment and training of the dental hygienist occupation in China in the future. Methods : We use a descriptive qualitative design. A total of 13 dentists were selected through purposive sampling with maximum variation. Data were collected three months through semi-structured in-depth interviews and audio recorded, then carefully transcribed and analyzed using inductive content analysis approach. Results: This study included 13 dentists (9 males and 4 females; age 33–59 years), which was sufficient to reach data saturation. We generated three themes emerged: (a) national condition determined comprehensive paraprofessionals; (b) auxiliary personnel of multi-professional integration; (c) opportunities and challenges coexist. Conclusion: Existing knowledge of the role orientation, duty division and development situation of dental hygienists in China is limited. A detailed exploration of this topic can provide guidance for the future duty division of dental auxiliary personnel and dental health care teams building. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In China, although policies promoting physical-medical integration have received widespread national attention, the existence and manifestation of health equity promotion within these policies still require further exploration. Methods: This study used text analysis to examine 62 policy documents on physical-medical integration issued by various Chinese governmental departments from June 2016 to June 2023, utilizing KH Coder software for qualitative analysis. Results: The analysis revealed a strong emphasis on public health, promoting health management and disease prevention across all age groups. The policies aimed to ensure the equitable distribution of health care resources, particularly those benefiting rural and underserved populations, and they underscored the importance of collaboration among the government, sports, and health care sectors to foster sports-health integration. Conclusion: The integration of sports and health policy is a key initiative to address chronic diseases in China, as it aligns closely with health equity principles. Achieving these goals requires ongoing improvements in implementation and monitoring, with a focus on the diverse needs of various populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Love could play a role in motivating teachers to help students and is closely related to students' achievement and prosocial behaviour. Though influenced by culture, teachers' love is not adequately studied. Purpose: This study explores how Chinese teachers' compassionate love is expressed and how situational factors such as Chinese culture and history influence or motivate teachers to perceive and express compassionate love for students. Method: This study adopted a qualitative approach of narrative study by describing and investigating the experience of a Chinese middle school teacher and two middle school students and their parents during COVID-19 pandemic. Findings: Chinese teacher's compassionate love demonstrates some universal features in terms of emotional response, cognitive understanding and behaviour. Furthermore some Chinese culture-related features are also found: Chinese teachers behave in a caring and supporting way at the cost of sacrificing their own free time and comfort; an enduring long-term teacher-student relationship is valued; the Chinese culture encourages, sustains and motivates Chinese teacher's compassionate love. Discussion: Teacher's compassionate love is a multi-dimensional concept entailing some universal traits in cognition, emotion and behaviour. The perception and enactment of teacher's love is subject to situational factors. Some measures for compassionate love could be built into teacher's education programme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aims to explore the caregiver burden experience in the care of infants with congenital megacolon undergoing home reflux enema. The findings will provide a basis for developing targeted and effective nursing interventions. Methods: A phenomenological research approach was employed. From October 2022 to January 2023, semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 12 caregivers of infants with congenital megacolon undergoing home reflux enema in a tertiary paediatric hospital in Fujian Province. The collected data were analysed and organized using the Colaizzi's 7-step analysis method, leading to the identification of key themes. Results: The analysis yielded three major themes concerning the caregiver burden experience in the care of infants with congenital megacolon undergoing home reflux enema: inadequate disease-related knowledge, presence of multiple pressures during the caregiving process, and a desire for greater support. Conclusions: This study employed qualitative interviews with the caregivers of 12 children with congenital Hirschsprung's disease undergoing home reflux enema, and the feelings of caregivers of children with reflux enema at home after discharge were deeply understood. It is recommended to implement positive psychological interventions based on the PERMA model and incorporate "Internet + collaborative nursing" to provide caregivers with professional knowledge, address their pressures and needs, and promote their well-being while enhancing nursing abilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As one of the typical high‐polluting and high‐energy‐consuming industries in China, the paper industry's environmental behavior has become the focus of a range of stakeholders, policy makers, and the whole society because the industry's business activities are a main source of environmental pollution and contribute to massive energy consumption. This study used a qualitative approach to examine the relative importance of external and internal pressures (EP and IP) in driving the environmental behavior of paper enterprises in China. Based on grounded theory, this study aimed to examine the EP and IP on the environmental behavior of paper enterprises to create a comprehensive theoretical model based on grounded theory code analysis. It was found that government pressure, economic pressure, social pressure, and IP have direct and significant positive effects on the corporate environmental behavior (CEB) of paper enterprises in China. Furthermore, government, economic, and social pressures have indirect and significant positive effects on CEB through other pressures. Finally, the paper concludes with a discussion of these four pressures and provides policy implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study endeavors to unveil the progression of research subjects within the realm of China's ecotranslatology studies through the examination of journal papers in the databases of China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Web of Science (WOS) from 2001 to 2022, utilizing CiteSpace software for mapping and analyzing cooccurrences among authors, institutions, and keywords. The findings indicate that within ecotranslatology studies, a prominent theory-founding research group represented by Hu Gengshen has been established, yet no comparable clusters have been identified among scholars engaged in debate or applied studies. Additionally, a lack of effective cooperation and diversity among research entities as well as inadequate responses to questions and concerns have been observed. Furthermore, research focuses have undergone a shift, progressing from theory founding studies (2001–2008) to confirmation and verification studies (2009–2014) and finally to revision and applied studies (since 2015). Additionally, research topics have transitioned from grand, abstract theoretical foundations to subtle, specific theory revisions and applied translation studies, yet a dearth of quantitative research, comparative studies, or field studies have been conducted. In conclusion, it is suggested that future ecotranslatology studies should be more responsive to doubts and questions, cultivate diverse research entities, and place greater emphasis on field investigation within qualitative research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study endeavors to unveil the progression of research subjects within the realm of China's ecotranslatology studies through the examination of journal papers in the databases of China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Web of Science (WOS) from 2001 to 2022, utilizing CiteSpace software for mapping and analyzing cooccurrences among authors, institutions, and keywords. The findings indicate that within ecotranslatology studies, a prominent theory-founding research group represented by Hu Gengshen has been established, yet no comparable clusters have been identified among scholars engaged in debate or applied studies. Additionally, a lack of effective cooperation and diversity among research entities as well as inadequate responses to questions and concerns have been observed. Furthermore, research focuses have undergone a shift, progressing from theory founding studies (2001–2008) to confirmation and verification studies (2009–2014) and finally to revision and applied studies (since 2015). Additionally, research topics have transitioned from grand, abstract theoretical foundations to subtle, specific theory revisions and applied translation studies, yet a dearth of quantitative research, comparative studies, or field studies have been conducted. In conclusion, it is suggested that future ecotranslatology studies should be more responsive to doubts and questions, cultivate diverse research entities, and place greater emphasis on field investigation within qualitative research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper represents the first research study conducted to date on the use of Dance/Movement Therapy (DMT) to treat children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in Mainland China. This study gives detailed clinical examples of how to use DMT in the treatment of this population, and demonstrates the linguistic, nonverbal, and relational changes that took place after 7 months of individual sessions. Data from interviews with caregivers yielded four themes regarding the impact of DMT: (1) Improvement of ability to use language and to communicate, (2) Expansion of nonverbal communication and understanding of bodily language, (3) Emergence of new behaviors: game playing, imagination, and bodily movement, and (4) Appearance of positive emotional expression. In addition, the VB-MAPP assessment was used to evaluate the children's language levels before and after DMT. Findings indicate that it is necessary, appropriate, and effective to use DMT in the treatment of children with ASD, and that this evidence-based treatment should receive further development in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible Summary: What is known on the subject?: Physical restraint is widely used in the elderly at home, and cognitive impairment is an important risk factor. Family caregivers of people with dementia are the main decision makers and implementers of physical restraint at home.Most people with dementia in China receive home care, and family caregivers face enormous care and moral pressures influenced by Confucian culture.Current research on physical restraints focuses on quantitative analysis of its prevalence and reasons within the institutions. There is little research on how family caregivers perceive physical restraints in home care context, especially under Chinese culture. What the paper adds to existing knowledge?: Many family caregivers face approach – avoidance conflict and moral dilemmas when making decisions to restrain, and they make difficult choices in these dilemmas.In China, family caregivers are influenced by many unique factors, including traditional Confucian culture, family affection, and rural home environment.Inadequate laws and policies provide the ground for abuse of physical restraints, and family caregivers rarely consider legal and policy restrictions when using physical restraints. What are the implications for practice?: With limited medical resources, nurse‐led dementia management is the hope to reduce physical restraints in home.Mental health nurses need to assess for the appropriateness of physical restraints associated with psychiatric symptoms in people with dementia.At both organizational and community levels, improving effective communication and relationships between professionals and family caregivers are important to address. Improvements in this context require education and time for staff to develop skills and experience which is necessary to provide family caregivers with ongoing information and psychological support within their communities.Considering Confucian culture will be of value for mental health nurses working in other countries where there are Chinese communities to better understand perceptions of family caregivers. Introduction: The use of physical restraints is a common practice in home care. Family caregivers face care‐related and moral pressures due to the influence of Confucian culture in China. The use of physical restraints in the Chinese cultural environment may differ from the use of such restraints in other cultures. Scientific Rationale: Current research on physical restraints focuses on quantitative analysis of its prevalence and reasons within the institutions. However, there is little research on how family caregivers perceive physical restraints in home care context, especially under Chinese culture. Aim: To explore the perceptions of family caregivers on physical restraints in people diagnosed with dementia receiving home care. Method: A descriptive, qualitative study of Chinese family caregivers of people diagnosed with dementia in home care. Framework method analysis was adopted using the multilevel socio‐ecological model. Results: Beliefs about benefit lead to a dilemma for family caregivers. Cherishing family's affection encourages caregivers to reduce physical restraints, but lack of help from family members, professionals and the community forces them to restrain their loved ones. Discussion: Future research should explore the complex issue of culturally specific physical restraints decisions. Implications for Practice: Mental health nurses must receive education regarding the negative outcomes of the use of physical restraints for family members of people diagnosed with dementia. A more liberal approach to mental health and relevant legislation, which is an emerging global phenomenon that is currently in an early phase of development in China, grants human rights to people diagnosed with dementia. Effective communication and relationships between professionals and family caregivers can contribute to the establishment of a dementia‐friendly community in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hospital chief financial officer (CFO) plays a vital role in supporting the effective management of organization. Understanding their competencies is essential to improve hospital development and health care services in China. This paper aims to explore competencies necessary for hospital CFOs to fulfil their management responsibilities and develop a competency framework for hospital CFOs in China. Methods: A qualitative study was applied by conducting in-depth interviews with 151 participants from 15 Chinese provinces, comprising 89 individuals from 67 hospitals, and 62 individuals from 39 medical universities. Interviews were anonymised, recorded and transcribed. Qualitative thematic analysis was applied through a multi-stage review process and modified via the Delphi process using a national panel of 36 experts. Results: Using content analysis, we identified 17 competencies organized into three themes (personal attitudes, leadership competencies and managerial competencies) to conduct a competency framework for hospital CFO to fulfil their management practices. Those competencies emphasized the integration of different competencies required by the hospital CFO. Conclusions: This paper identified the detailed expertise, abilities and personal traits required by hospital CFOs in China, expanding the insights and perspectives of hospital CFOs currently working in China to literature. The proposed framework will help hospitals establish selection criteria, coaching tools, and development plans for CFOs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Sino-Indian rivalry in Sri Lanka's economic turmoil has significant implications for regional security and India's defense cooperation. Following President Xi's announcement of China's grand strategy, the Belt and Road Initiative, in 2013, China has utilized its infrastructure investment as a typical example of its implementation of soft power diplomacy on a global dimension. This has raised concerns about China's geopolitical ambitions in the Indian Ocean and the potential security threat it poses to India. Using qualitative research methods, this paper analyzes the geo-strategic importance of Sri Lanka in China's ambitions and the political strategies behind economic crises in South Asian countries. The paper evaluates the impact of China's debt-trap diplomacy on India's national security and defense cooperation with Sri Lanka. The findings suggest that Sri Lanka's economic instability has provided China with an opportunity to encircle and contain India in the region, and that India needs to take proactive steps to mitigate this threat. Overall, the paper highlights the importance of understanding the Sino-Indian rivalry in Sri Lanka's economic turmoil for regional security and India's defense cooperation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aimed to systematically evaluate the effectiveness of a clinical nurse specialists training program in Zhejiang Province, China, from participants' perspectives. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 209 PICU nurse specialists who participated in the training program from 2016 to 2021. All participants completed an online questionnaire two years after graduation. We collected their demographic characteristics and their development status after the training (e.g., continuous improvement of core competence, research skills, and promotion). Chi-squared test was applied to assess the differences in effectiveness across subgroups. Results: In total, 209 (87.8%) out of 238 nurses responded to the survey among whom 73.7% launched new projects in their hospital after training and 75% published research articles in peer-reviewed journals. Also, 32.4% received promotions, and 67% participated in ICU-related continuing education programs. Based on multivariate regression analysis, the execution of new projects was closely related to the nurse's position and the level of their working hospitals. The job title and position were associated with publication, research performance, promotion, and continuing education. Conclusions: The nurse specialists of the PICU carried out a set of new projects implanting new skills that they had learned from the training program. Their core competence was improved, including theoretical knowledge and operation skills, teaching capacities, and scientific research abilities. Many trainees published papers, applied for research grants, got promotions, and had further opportunities for continuing education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION In recent years, e-cigarettes as an emerging tobacco product have been favored by college students. Our study aims to explore the factors affecting the use of e-cigarettes among college students and to put forward feasible suggestions for effectively controlling the use of e-cigarettes among college students. METHODS The participating students were from three undergraduate and three specialized colleges in Guangdong Province, surveyed from January to March 2022. The Fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) method was used to analyze the influence mechanism and path of five antecedents: self-efficacy, social environment, cognition, sales environment, and negative outcome expectation, on the use of e-cigarettes. The fsQCA used in this study is a novel research methodology that combines the strengths of qualitative and quantitative analyses, through which we can determine which conditions are essential to the outcomes that lead to e-cigarette use among college students, and which combinations of conditions are more important than others. RESULTS The interaction of self-efficacy, social environment, cognition, sales environment, and negative outcome expectation, affected college students' use of e-cigarettes. Through the fsQCA method, it was found that self-efficacy alone constitutes a necessary condition for college students not to use e-cigarettes. There are four possible pathways for college students not to use e-cigarettes, with higher self-efficacy, correct cognition, and a healthy social environment influencing the most important combination of conditions for college students to use e-cigarettes. CONCLUSIONS The use of e-cigarettes by students in Guangdong Province is the result of the synergistic effect of multiple factors. Tobacco control action suggestions focus on improving students' self-efficacy and paying attention to the combination of different factors to achieve more effective tobacco control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Urban Studies (Sage Publications, Ltd.) is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives: To explore the experiences and perceptions of oncology nurses providing hospice care in Chinese mainland. Methods: A descriptive phenomenological research method was utilized to describe experience of hospice care among oncology nurses. Eighteen oncology nurses were selected for interviews using purposive sampling from four grade A tertiary hospitals in Wuhan, Hubei province, China. The face-to-face semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. Data were recorded using NVivo 12.0 and analyzed using the Colaizzi's 7-step phenomenological data analysis method. Results: The interview data generated five major themes: (1) end-of-life care for oncology patients, (2) support and care for family members, (3) self-limitation and psychological distress, (4) culture and external environment constraints, and (5) self-coping and gains. Conclusions: In Chinese mainland, oncology nurses encountered barriers and negative emotions in conducting hospice care, but have also made strides in the promotion of hospice care. In the future, the use of different traditional Chinese medicine technology to facilitate symptom management in end-of-life patients should be explored, and more tools to assist in providing psychological care and communication should be developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cancer remains a global health concern, with nearly 20 million new cancer cases and approximately 10 million cancer-related deaths reported in 2020.An increasing number of individuals with advanced-stage cancer are likely to confront the reality of mortality.In China, cancer-related deaths hold the top position among factors contributing to resident mortality, accounting for nearly a quarter of all deaths. Patients with advanced-stage cancer contend with both physical challenges such as pain, physical decline, and functional impairments, as well as psychological issues including death anxiety, fear of death, and feelings of meaninglessness and hopelessness during disease treatment. Death education serves as a method to educate patients on coping with death, alleviating death-related anxieties and fears, and approaching death calmly, thereby facilitating a peaceful end-of-life experience. Currently, there is a dearth of death education content tailored to patients'specific circumstances in China. Consequently, this study aims to explore the content of death education needs among patients with advanced-stage cancer in China. Methods: A qualitative research based on phenomenology was used to select 19 patients with advanced cancer from November 2022 to June 2023. Semi-structured interviews were used to interview, and Colaizzi 7-step analysis method was used to organize and analyze the data. Results: Six themes were extracted: 1. Death cognition and education; 2. Life review; 3. Ethics of death; 4. End-of-life decision-making; 5. Social support; 6. Disease treatment. Conclusions: Patients with advanced-stage cancer face significant distress caused by their illness and the prospect of death. This distress can impact their quality of life and even influence treatment decisions. It's essential to comprehensively assess the current state and needs of patients, engaging in ongoing interventions tailored to individual patient circumstances. This approach involves implementing targeted death education content and methods. When executing death education, it's imperative to consider the patient's knowledge framework and their level of acceptance. Integrating the patient's disease progression and treatment, as well as addressing their negative emotional states, becomes crucial for enhancing the patient's overall well-being and quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Refugees from diverse socio-cultural backgrounds and geopolitical locations face temporal challenges during their transition, yet more research needs to be conducted to understand their time conception in the host society. This study explores how North Korean refugees from remote rural areas in North Korea and China adjusted their time conception in a metropolitan city in South Korea. Data were collected through a pilot study (January-March 2017) and ethnographic fieldwork (February-July 2018), entailing semi-structured interviews, informal conversations, and field notes. Vygotsky's psychological tool and Ricoeur's interpretive approach were employed to solicit the mediation of time conception through organizational activities and narrative meanings. The analysis reveals themes that challenge refugees' time conception reflecting North Korean values and daily activities—Kimilsungism, collectivism, and task-oriented attitude—and the changes in time conception on the sense of the self. Refugees' learning in time conception is a holistic spiritual, social, and personal process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Newly graduated registered nurses face more challenges than their experienced counterparts, as they not only confront the high pressures of an increasingly complex medical environment but also need to quickly adapt to their jobs and role transitions. The emotional burden arising at this stage is referred to as transitional shock. Self‐depletion, as proposed by Baumeister, refers to the process by which individuals exhaust their internal psychological control resources when facing challenges, subsequently affecting cognition and emotion. The occurrence of transitional shock and the process of individual self‐depletion appear to be closely related. However, to our knowledge, there has been limited research exploring the occurrence of transitional shock from the perspective of self‐depletion theory. Aim: Investigating the emergence process of transition shock through the lens of self‐depletion theory entails an examination of the mechanisms by which individuals engage in self‐regulation when confronted with challenges and how transition shock manifests throughout this process. Designs: A descriptive qualitative study. Methods: Between August and November 2023, using maximum variation sampling and purposive sampling methods, 16 nurses were selected for semistructured interviews at a tertiary hospital in Suzhou, China. Results: Employing thematic analysis, three interconnected themes were identified, encompassing the entry‐level workforce challenges, the subsequent effects of energy depletion, and the sources and replenishment of energy. Conclusion: As new nurses adapt to their roles and environments, they encounter numerous pressures that markedly drain their psychological energy. This ongoing depletion of self‐regulation energy can lead to transitional shock, impulsive decision‐making, and missed nursing care. Implications for Nursing Management: Managers should implement comprehensive support strategies, including optimized work environments, enhanced training, and personal development, to help newly graduated nurses successfully transition and improve care quality and retention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Effective medication management is crucial for ensuring timely pain and symptom control at the end of life. Dying in pain is a major concern for patients, yet some find less effective pain control at home. Family caregivers (FCGs) play a vital role in managing pain and symptom control for dying patients. However, the experience of administering medications at home for terminal-stage patients has not been widely recognized or understood. Our study aimed to explore the experiences of FCGs in administering medications to adult dying patients. Methods: We conducted a directed content analysis of data from 73 semi-structured interviews with FCGs across 19 Chinese provinces from 2021 to 2023. FCGs were recruited through the Voluntary Cooperative Network Research. We asked, "Could you recall the end-of-life care process for the patients?" We aligned the themes with the five issues identified by Wilson et al. (2018): administration, organizational skills, empowerment, relationships, and support. Results: FCGs in China exhibit concerns about over-engagement and empowerment in medication administration, concealing medication information from the patient, and medication accessibility. FCGs faced significant challenges in accurately identifying and addressing pain and symptoms, determining appropriate dosages, accessing effective medications, and managing the emotional stress associated with potential medication errors. Financial burden, medication regulatory restrictions, geographical inequality, and travel restrictions during COVID impeded patients and FCGs from accessing medication. A culturally specific finding is the use of alternative medicine at the end of life. Conclusion: Our findings build upon Wilson et al.'s framework and extend their insights on empowerment, highlighting the need for policies to support home-based palliative care professionals in training FCGs for effective medication administration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Transformational leadership among core hospital leaders boosts medical organizations' competitiveness, adaptability, and sustainability, which is jointly affected by individual, organizational and environmental factors. This study aims to unpack its configurational framework and propose strategies to strengthen core hospital leaders' transformational leadership. Patients and Methods: Data were collected from an online questionnaire among 31 core hospital leaders. The fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) was used to explore the causal mechanism of high-level transformational leadership. We enrich this mechanism by professional background, critical thinking, initiative spirit, family-work conflict, job satisfaction, subordinates' followership, and work pressure. Results: Result shows initiative spirit is the only necessary condition (consistency=0.911) for the formation of high-level transformational leadership among core hospital leaders. Three configurations are the sufficient conditions that lead to high-level transformational leadership among core hospital leaders with two different professional backgrounds (overall solution consistency= 0.952). Conclusion: Core hospital leaders' initiative spirit is an indispensable condition for improving high-level transformational leadership, emphasizing the necessity for core leaders to be proactive in order to develop such leadership. Besides, the study also uncovered three configurations are the sufficient conditions for core hospital leaders with diverse professional backgrounds to achieve high-level transformational leadership. This finding offers significant insights into hospital management practices, suggesting that core hospital leaders' work should be managed in a personalized manner based on their professional backgrounds, thereby fostering favorable conditions conducive to the development of their high-level transformational leadership capabilities. Furthermore, the central insight of this study is that the formation of high-level transformational leadership contingent upon the collaboration of professional background, critical thinking, initiative spirit, family-work conflict, job satisfaction, subordinates' followership, and work pressure, contributing to a holistic and more rigorous view for the development of transformational leadership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To explore the psychosocial experiences during dietary management among Chinese adults with inflammatory bowel disease. Design: Qualitative phenomenological design. Methods: Eighteen adults diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease for more than 6 months were recruited using purposive sampling from June to December 2023. Two trained researchers used van Manen's approach to analyse the data. Results: The three themes with multiple subthemes emerged: facing the unknown: at a loss and aggrieved, trying to cope: uncertain and distressed, and growing in adaptation: relieved and transcendent. The first theme included unknown relapses, overlooking diet management and the absence of dietary rules. The second theme showed different coping situations, like complex dietary information and ever‐closing worlds. The third theme explores how participants adapted to disease and their eating patterns. Conclusion: The psychosocial experiences during dietary management are complex. The accumulation of diet‐related experience, acceptance of illness and social support facilitate patients in overcoming negative emotions and adhering to dietary management. Implications for the Profession and Patient Care: Nurses should provide tailored dietary guidance and appropriate psychological interventions to promote healthy eating in patients. Impact: This study may enhance healthcare professionals' understanding, particularly those in China, of the diet‐related experiences among patients. Reporting Method: The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research checklist. Patient or Public Contribution: Participants contributed by sharing their first hand experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To explore women's and health professionals' views on the development of a midwifery‐led mHealth app intervention in antenatal care and their demands for app functionality. Design: Descriptive qualitative research was utilized. Methods: In total, 15 pregnant or postpartum women were interviewed via in‐depth interviews and 10 health professionals including obstetricians, midwives and obstetric nurses were invited to participate in a focus group discussion (FGD). All interviews and the FGD were analysed using qualitative content analysis. Results: Four key themes emerged from the data, including (1) limitations of current maternity care services; (2) potential benefits for mHealth app‐based midwifery care; (3) possible challenges for providing midwifery care through mHealth apps and (4) suggestions and needs for developing a midwifery‐led mHealth app. Participants agreed on the potential need of developing a midwifery‐led mHealth app in antenatal care to increase access to midwifery care services and to meet women's diverse needs. Participants preferred to develop professional, reliable, full‐featured and interactive mobile applications. The main functions of midwifery‐led mHealth apps included personalized assessment and health education, self‐monitoring and feedback, data sharing and interactive functions. Women mentioned that online communication and consultation with midwives could help them receive continuous support outside facilities. Health professionals expressed it would be of great convenience and timeliness to send personalized messages to women and to inform them of healthy lifestyles during pregnancy. The challenges included a shortage of human resources, medico‐legal risks associated with mHealth and data security risks. Conclusions: This study explores the individual views and functional needs of target users and healthcare providers for developing a midwifery‐led mHealth app in antenatal care, which will serve as a reference for future application development. Impact: Our study has important and practical implications for guiding the development of future midwifery‐led mHealth app interventions. Patient or Public Contribution: No patient or public contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Guided by the developmental niche framework, this ethnographic study aimed to explore immigrant Chinese parenting beliefs and practices in the Midwestern United States. Nine immigrant Chinese parents (eight mothers and one father) living in two Midwestern states were interviewed for their caretaking practices, expectations for children, understanding of cultural influences on parenting, and perceived challenges and resources in the community. Qualitative thematic analyses revealed five themes of immigrant Chinese parenting in the Midwest, including (1) teaching children Chinese language and culture; (2) integrating American and Chinese parenting; (3) communicating expectations with children; (4) adjusting parenting in the Midwestern context; and (5) maintaining connections to Chinese families and friends. Findings emphasized the dynamic nature of parenting in the shifting contexts and highlighted the importance of including settings, childrearing customs, and the unique caregiver psychology in immigrant parenting studies. Limitations and implications for future research were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Ankle Ligament Reconstruction-Return to Sport After Injury (ALR-RSI) scale can be utilized for assessing patients who have previously sustained lateral ankle ligament injury before returning to sport. Given its original development for use in different languages, it is essential to translate and validate this scale for application to the Chinese population. Purposes: To translate and culturally adapt the ALR-RSI scale into a Chinese version and assess its reliability and validity. Study Design: Cohort study (Diagnosis); Level of evidence, 2. Methods: The procedure of translation and cross-cultural adaptation was performed following the recommended guidelines and the Chinese version of ALR-RSI (ALR-RSI-CHN) was conducted in patients with lateral ankle ligament surgery. Feasibility was assessed by floor/ceiling effects. Reliability was assessed by using Cronbach α as a measure to analyze internal consistency, while the intraclass correlation coefficient was utilized to examine test-retest reliability. Validity was assessed by using Spearman coefficients to analyze the correlations between ALR-RSI-CHN, the Karlsson scale, and the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) scale. Results: A total of 66 participants were included. The ALR-RSI-CHN scale showed good feasibility with no floor/ceiling effects. The internal consistency of the scale was adequate with a Cronbach α of 0.93, and test-retest reliability was excellent with an interclass correlation coefficient of 0.97 (95% CI, 0.92-0.99). The ALR-RSI-CHN scale demonstrated moderate correlation with the Karlsson scale (r = 0.48 [ range, 0.26-0.65]) and strong correlation with the AOFAS scale (r = 0.55 [ range, 0.35-0.71]). A significant difference in ALR-RSI-CHN scores was observed between patients who returned to sports and those who did not, with respective scores of 53.60 (range, 44.50-62.69) and 42.25 (range, 35.51-49) (P =.04). Conclusion: The study demonstrated that the ALR-RSI-CHN scale had satisfactory psychometric properties, rendering it a feasible, reliable, and valid instrument for evaluating patients who have lateral ligament surgery in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study investigated workplace violence (WPV) toward frontline health workers under comprehensive interventions to improve the occupational safety and health management system in a Chinese infectious disease hospital. Methods: The risk assessment of WPV using an international questionnaire was conducted in 2018 and 2021 to compare the perceived levels of exposure to WPV and intervention measures before and after the intensification of anti-violence measures in the hospital context. Additionally, qualitative data were collected in 2021 through semi-structured and unstructured interviews, providing complementary information about WPV toward frontline health workers (HWs). Results: After establishing the occupational safety and health management system (OSHMS), the total incidence rate of WPV decreased from 60.90% in 2018 to 34.44% in 2021. Psychological violence declined significantly from 60.90% in 2018 to 33.89% in 2021. The endorsement of precautionary measures increased significantly from 2018 to 2021, including patient screening recognition, patient protocol, shift or rota changes, etc. A thematic analysis of several subthemes shows that HWs had an in-depth understanding of WPV, recognizing its multifaceted consequences in the context of complex risk factors. Conclusions: This study demonstrates a significant decrease in WPV, psychological violence, verbal abuse, bullying/mobbing, and ethnic discrimination after implementing the comprehensive OSHMS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of the global COVID-19 pandemic, this study focuses on Chinese university students, employing graphic elicitation as a qualitative research method to analyze their hand-drawn paintings and related descriptions. Augmented by A/r/tography and metacognitive methods, the research aims to unveil the participants' collective memory, as well as the perspectives and responses of these students to policies related to the pandemic. By specifically examining this particular demographic, the study incorporates Fairclough's ethical theory, applying deontological ethics, consequentialist ethics, and virtue ethics to establish a comprehensive framework for evaluating adjustments to pandemic response policies. This research not only enhances our understanding of how these university students perceive and adapt to COVID-19 policies but also provides valuable insights for decision-makers. The particular methodology, combining graphic elicitation and metacognitive research, contributes to policy assessment and ethical analysis, offering a nuanced perspective on the interplay between individual perceptions, policy responses, and ethical considerations amid the complexities of a public health crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In China, national immunization program (NIP) vaccines benefit from robust financial support and have achieved high coverage. Non-NIP vaccines rely on fragmented funding sources, mostly out-of-pocket payment, and face sub-optimal and inequitable coverage. Sustainable financing needs to be secured for addressing equity in non-NIP vaccine delivery. However, discussion and understanding of this issue remain limited. This study aims to analyze the current situation, comprehensively identify challenges and opportunities in non-NIP vaccine financing, and offer suggestions to enhance vaccine uptake and improve public health. Methods: Between July and December 2023, we conducted a series of semi-structured, in-person interviews with 55 stakeholders from the Health Bureau, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Medical Insurance Bureau, and Finance Bureau across five provinces in China. Participants were selected through stratified sampling, and the interviews mainly included their involvement in non-NIP vaccine financing, challenges faced, and strategies for improvement to enhance financing performance. Informed consent was obtained, and thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. Results: Non-NIP vaccine financing sources include out-of-pocket payments, government fiscal, health insurance and other external funds. These four channels differ in vaccine types covered, costs, and target populations, each with unique challenges and opportunities. High out-of-pocket costs remain a significant barrier to equitable vaccine uptake, while market competition has lowered the vaccine price and improved accessibility. Local fiscal support for free vaccination programs faces challenges related to sustainability and regional disparity, though governmental commitment to vaccination is growing. Nevertheless, centralized procurement organized by the government has lowered the price and reduced the financial burden. Despite legal restrictions on using basic health insurance for vaccinations and limited commercial insurance options, private medical savings accounts and mutual-aid mechanisms present new opportunities. Although the scope and impact of external support are limited, it has successfully increased awareness and social attention to vaccination. Conclusion: Relying on individual payments as the main financing channel for non-NIP vaccines is unsustainable and inadequate for ensuring universal vaccine access. A concerted and synergistic approach is essential to ensure sufficient, sustainable resources and enhance public financial management to improve equity in the non-NIP vaccines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims. To understand what domains of acculturation are experienced by Chinese immigrants with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Australia and how these domains of acculturation influence their CVD self‐care behaviours. Design. A qualitative descriptive design. Methods. Individual phone interviews were conducted among Chinese immigrants with CVD in Sydney, recruited from Chinese Community associations and social media. Inductive and deductive thematic analysis was employed, guided by the Middle‐Range Theory of Self‐Care of Chronic Illness and the conceptual model of acculturation. Results. Twenty participants, mean age 69.9 years, were interviewed. The domains of acculturation in relation to CVD self‐care behaviours encompassed cultural practices, cultural values, healthcare system navigation, and new living environment. Retaining their Chinese culture and integrating into Australian culture regarding dietary practices, social networks, traditional values and family relationships served as both enablers and barriers of self‐care maintenance through factors such as heart‐healthy diets, physical activity, stress management and medication adherence. Many participants denied encountering difficulties to utilize primary care services, but language barriers deterred them from accessing acute services and heart‐health information from mainstream sources. Some preserved beliefs and practices in Traditional Chinese Medicine may complicate their self‐care maintenance (medication adherence) and self‐care management (responding to acute angina episodes). Conclusion. The influence of acculturation on CVD self‐care behaviours among Chinese immigrants is multifaceted and individualized. Clinicians and community health workers should assess patients' acculturation experiences to enable culturally sensitive practices. The lack of culturally and linguistically appropriate heart health information in the community should be addressed urgently to mitigate the cardiac health disparity. Collaboration with Chinese community associations offers an opportunity for co‐design and dissemination of information about Australian healthcare systems and heart health education to upskill CVD self‐care practices and mitigate the health inequities experienced by Chinese immigrants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: General hospitals in China have been establishing General Practice Departments (GPD). Although General Practice Nurses (GPNs) are an important part of this medical system, their training has not been synchronised. This study explored the working status of nurses in GPDs in general hospitals in Beijing to provide a theoretical basis for the training and development of GPNs in China. Methods: We conducted in-depth, individual interviews with outpatient nurses at 19 hospitals in Beijing between March and April 2021. We employed a qualitative analysis to interpret participant narratives and used a codebook thematic analysis to analyse the interview data and extract themes. Results: The analysis revealed four themes: (i) a lack of full-time GPNs in GPDs of most tertiary hospitals, (ii) the inability of GPNs to fully express their potential and skills owing to their limited roles, (iii) insufficient standardised patient education provided by nurses in GPDs, and (iv) a lack of systematic and relevant training for nurses working in general practice settings. Conclusions: To promote the development of GPNs, GPDs in general hospitals in China should hire full-time GPNs, define their job duties in alignment with their values, and provide standardised training to strengthen their core competencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Accounting & Finance Management (JAFM). is the property of Dinasti Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aimed to shed light on the initial-stage bereavement experiences of an individual bereaved by suicide, at three months from the loss of his spouse to suicide. A semi-structured in-depth interview was conducted with the individual, a man in his thirties. The data were analyzed using qualitative assimilation analysis, based on the Assimilation Model and the Assimilation of Problematic Experiences Scale (APES). The APES ratings of the interview revealed that the individual's bereavement was associated with the earlier stages of APES (all scoring under 3.5). In addition, the swift and frequent fluctuations in the APES ratings gave indications that the bereavement was unstable and complicated. It is suggested that mental health professionals could use APES to evaluate suicide bereavement and take note of the APES evaluations in clinical interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]