Search

Electricity is one of the most important factor which helps in building the economy of any nation. Various amendments in electricity laws have been made to improve the performance of electric power sector companies. The electric power companies are controlled by both the government and private sector. The government of India keeping in view the improvement of power sector companies have made lot of changes in various ways. The main objective of this paper is to analyse the financial performance of power generating companies. The findings of this paper is that the financial performance of government owned power generating companies are more efficient than the private sector power generating companies in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper explores the contextual relevance of sharing economy for the organic food market in an emerging economy like India. Design/methodology/approach: Case study approach was used to collect empirical data from different types of organic food markets. Findings: Organic food farmers markets compared to online and health food stores tends to facilitate sharing economy more since it helps them to build value, scale and trust. By sharing resources, skills and spaces, organic farmers markets have increased organic food availability, reduced its cost of certification and operation besides managing consumer trust. Subjective influence through social media and offline interaction reduces information asymmetry at zero marginal cost. Organic food producers/retailers can get a competitive advantage by tapping underutilized assets to create value and opportunities besides overcoming their demand and supply constraints. Originality/value: The research offers a fresh perspective to the organic food sector, particularly in emerging economies like India. It could assist all stakeholders to overcome the current demand and supply challenges faced in organic food markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The power sector of India is in a huge catastrophe in satisfying the energy requirement of the public due to incessant exhaustion of fossil fuels. The nonstop exhaustion of fossil fuels, rising power needs and increasing production cost of power requires economic operation at the generation side and economic utilization at the consumer side. Economic dispatch is the process of determining the optimal power output from 'n' number of generators to meet the demand at low cost subject to certain constraints. Economic dispatch ensures the optimal generation of power at low cost from thermal power plants. The mathematical formulation of economic dispatch problems is usually done by the piecewise quadratic fitness function. This article compares the results generated from various techniques such as Lambda Iteration (LI) method, Genetic Algorithm (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Quantum Particle Swarm Optimization (QPSO) and Shuffled Frog Leaping Approach (SFLA). LI method is a traditional method of solving economic load dispatch which works on the concept of equal incremental cost (λ). GA works on Darwin's theory of evolution, where the population of individual solutions is modified repeatedly to obtain the optimal solution in the population. PSO is derived from the concept of swarm intelligence, where the best solution is found using the values of personal best and global best in the population. QPSO is basically derived from the PSO. SLFA is obtained from the concept of food- frogs used to find an accurate solution to our power system problem. In this paper, the best fuel cost and execution time was found from QPSO, SFLA compared with LI, GA and PSO methods. These approaches are applied for three and thirteen generator system and the convergence characteristics, heftiness was explored through comparisons from different approaches discussed earlier. The results are hopeful and it suggests that shuffled frog leaping algorithm is very effectual in terms of both the minimized fuel cost obtained and the execution time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India has the world's second-largest population and the demand for transportation is increasing. However, our energy resources for car engines are limited. Every day, India consumed over 4.9 million barrels of crude oil. 85 percent of total oil consumption is imported from nations such as Iran, Saudi Arabia and Russia, among others. India is ranked third in the world. Despite our efforts to transition from internal combustion to electric power, India's electricity is heavily reliant on coal, which accounts for 55 percent of total production. As a result of this circumstance, jatropha biodiesel is being sought as a diesel engine alternative fuel. According to the Indian government, the country will spend about Rs 8 lakh crores on diesel and petrol imports in 2021, with this figure expected to rise to Rs 25 lakh crores in the next five years. The features of jatropha biodiesel with various percentages of blending with diesel fuel, such as B0, B5, B10, B15, B20, B30, B40, B50 and B100 are investigated in this work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a developing country like India, necessary power infra structure has to be ramped up to meet the growing demand for power. Expansion of Transmission Network is an integral element in supplying power to the needy regions. Lack of transmission capacity in Tamilnadu in some areas, it is not able to evacuate wind energy to its full extent. In this paper, a multi objective function is incorporated which includes economic criteria as well as technical and adequacy criteria. Usually Economic criteria include the investment cost, the maintenance cost and the operation cost but due to market conditions it also includes cost escalation due to project delay, cost escalation due to inflation and cost escalation due to Right of Way. In this paper an approach for Transmission Expansion Planning (TEP) is formulated by introducing a Transmission Planning Index (TPI). TPI is formulated as a multi-objective function and optimized using different methods like Backward Search (BS), Forward Search (FS), Hybrid Search (HS), Genetic Algorithms (GA) and Bacterial Foraging Optimization Algorithm (BFOA). The proposed approach is validated by performing TEP for 133 Bus TNS (Tamil Nadu System). Congestion cost also evaluated for the different scenarios in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes innovative designs for solar-based systems for the use of farmers and rural communities. The presence of solar energy at any location in a village or on a farm makes its use attractive for such an environment. Although the environment considered here is in India, these solar-powered technological solutions can be used in many communities across the globe. The examples of technologies that can use these innovations include mobile phones, home appliances, and farm implements, vehicles for human, animal, and crop transport. Limited electric power is available in most areas; however, the burning of wood and other materials for multiple uses continues. The cost and reliability for the supply of these energy sources has been a source of concern throughout rural India. The environmental impact from their use has also surfaced as a major concern. On the other hand, technologies for the direct and indirect uses of solar energy have progressed sufficiently to make this form of energy practical for rural India. The intelligent and innovative uses of solar energy will render cost effective, reliable, and environmentally friendly solutions for rural India. Some of these innovative designs are described in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The Indian government needs to increase the access to electricity of a growing population and economy taking into account major environmental and health related challenges, rapidly changing technologies, social and cultural preferences and international commitments. Such an increased access calls for substantial investment, and hence India has been gradually liberalising the electricity sector since 1991. This paper addresses the question: What are the opportunities for accessing the foreign funding available to India and how can it use this funding to modernise its electricity sector in a sustainable manner? Based on a two year research programme, this paper examines the international institutional context and draws conclusions regarding the different mechanisms for India and the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats facing India. It argues that since foreign funding is flowing into the country with enhanced liberalisation, the climate change mechanisms should be used to steer electricity generation in a sustainable direction, and aid funds should be used to focus on access for the rural poor to energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smart grids are the future of Indian power sector and would go a long way in reducing environmental impact and tackling the major challenges faced like technical and commercial losses, chronic supply-demand gap and frequent blackouts. Transforming the existing electric infrastructure through a smart grid is the way forward to ensure efficient and reliable power supply, and achieve sustainable development. The Government of India has identified and initiated a number of remarkable steps towards a more reliable, resilient, cost-effective and interactive power grid. This paper aims at providing a detailed view of the background and current status of the major smart grid initiatives and projects in India, along with a few suggestions for the successful way ahead. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper uses the data from seven wind farms at Muppandal, Tamil Nadu, India, collected for three years from April 2002 to March 2005 for the estimation of energy yield from wind farms. The model is developed with the help of neural network methodology, and it involves three input variables-wind speed, relative humidity, and generation hours-and one output variable, which give the energy output from wind farms. The modeling is done using MATLAB software. The most appropriate neural network configuration after trial and error is found to be 3-5-1 (3 input layer neurons, 5 hidden layer neurons, 1 output layer neuron). The mean square error for the estimated values with respect to the measured data is 7.6 × 10-3. The results demonstrate that this work is an efficient energy yield estimation tool for wind farms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The National Electricity Policy (NEP) [], issued by the Government of India, mandates transmission prices to be distance and direction sensitive and capture utilization of the network by each network user. In line with the mandate, the Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC) [] has issued Sharing of Interstate Transmission Charges and Losses Regulations, 2010 [], to introduce point of connection (PoC)-based transmission pricing methodology in India. The methodology under the above regulations introduces one of the major reforms of its kind in the Indian power sector and seeks to share the total transmission charges in proportion to respective utilization of the transmission system by different entities. In this paper, the authors have enumerated their experience gained from the implementation of PoC-based transmission pricing regime in India. Authors have also discussed various issues encountered in the process of implementation and the methodology adopted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper gives the design idea of optimized PV-Solar and Wind Hybrid Energy System for GSM/CDMA type mobile base station over conventional diesel generator for a particular site in central India (Bhopal) . For this hybrid system ,the meteorological data of Solar Insolation, hourly wind speed, are taken for Bhopal-Central India (Longitude 77°.23′ and Latitude 23°.21′ ) and the pattern of load consumption of mobile base station are studied and suitably modeled for optimization of the hybrid energy system using HOMER software. The simulation and optimization result gives the best optimized sizing of wind turbine and solar array with diesel generator for particular GSM/CDMA type mobile telephony base station. This system is more cost effective and environmental friendly over the conventional diesel generator. It should reduced approximate 70%-80% fuel cost over conventional diesel generator and also reduced the emission of CO2 and other harmful gasses in environments. It is expected that the newly developed and installed system will provide very good opportunities for telecom sector in near future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In rural and low-income urban households, energy is 'women's business': women are responsible for providing energy, and use it for domestic chores and productive activities. However, the poor quality fuels many women use contribute to their time poverty, ill health, and level of drudgery. Despite these negative impacts, energy policy remains gender-blind. This can be attributed to the invisibility of women's needs to energy planners, stemming from a lack of appropriate gender-analysis tools to meet the particular data requirements of the energy sector. This article analyses why standard gender tools do not provide appropriate gender-disaggregated energy data, and describes a set of tools that have been developed for that purpose. The paper concludes with an evaluation of recent experiences testing the tools in Pakistan, India, and Nepal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a deregulated power market, electricity producers generally follow marginal cost based price fixing strategy. Accordingly, each utility follows their own pricing strategy in the market. Absence of a general model to determine the optimal electricity price at the generator end point leads to non standard pricing practices by different generators. This paper presents a general strategy to determine the electricity price in hydro electric generating stations. Optimal price motivates investment and results in quality power supply to the terminal point. The proposed model is formulated based on performance incentive and penalty considering peak/off -peak loads, plant load factor and availability of the plant. The developed model is applied to a typical storage type hydroelectric utility in India to determine the electricity price. Results were found confirmatory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today's business world, shareholders' wealth maximization is very important. The survival of any company is not possible without wealth generation for its shareholders. Many companies consider equity capital as free cost of capital but this approach is not relevant in the modern business world because equity is a costlier source than other sources of finance. Economic Value Added (EVA) helps to calculate the true profitability of the company by considering the cost of equity. EVA concept has been given by Stern Stewart and Co. The company has given 160 adjustments in GAAP (General Accepted Accounting Practices) rules for the calculations of true economic profit. In the study three adjustments have been made for the calculation of economic profit. Economic value added is an important performance metric; and Market Value Added (MVA) is the wealth metric of economic value added and is positively linked with it. Power sector companies have been taken under consideration for this study. In this study it has been found that Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. is the most wealth creating company and Reliance Power is the most wealth destroying company for the year 2009-2011. The reason for negative economic value added is high cost of equity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Annals of the American Association of Geographers is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Drawing upon existing theories, this article argues that good policy design requires two enabling conditions-an optimal design space that balances political and technical goals, and policy capacity that includes organizational and analytical capacity to carry out the implementation. The case of Gujarat's unique 'Jyotigram Yojana' (JGY) is used to illustrate how the policy design process operates in the context of a particularly challenging issue of rural electrification. Our analysis suggests that the design process and implementation of JGY were as much problem-driven as it was politically motivated. A top-down approach favored the conception and implementation of JGY and enabled the state government of Gujarat to effectively leverage its financial, technical, and administrative capacity. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We estimate the effects of electricity shortages on Indian manufacturers, instrumenting with supply shifts from hydroelectric power availability. We estimate that India's average reported level of shortages reduces the average plant's revenues and producer surplus by 5 to 10 percent, but average productivity losses are significantly smaller because most inputs can be stored during outages. Shortages distort the plant size distribution, as there are significant economies of scale in generator costs and shortages more severely affect plants without generators. Simulations show that offering interruptible retail electricity contracts could substantially reduce the impacts of shortages. (JEL D24, L60, L94, O13, O14, Q41) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Indian power industry is one of the fastest growing sectors and needs a paradigm shift through next-generation automation to handle the operational challenges. Presently, the Indian power sector possesses a number of issues, such as minimizing transmission and distribution losses, power theft, inadequate grid infrastructure, low metering efficiency, and lack of awareness etc. This gap can only be bridged by bringing smart grid initiatives into the Indian power industry. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This article presents the Indian electricity sector as a case study of the evasion of responsibility in public policy. India's electricity policy repeatedly fails to meet its own targets and is universally lambasted as inadequate. The state appears aware of many of the reasons for these failures, yet policies have consistently failed to make effective corrections. Part of the explanation for this institutional and policy stasis lies in the pervasive shirking of responsibility by actors throughout the electricity sector. The sector is analysed to explore the mechanisms through which responsibility is displaced, deflected or dissipated. These mechanisms include ‘agency’, ‘presentational’ and ‘policy’ strategies, which are both pre-emptively and reactively deployed. Using these strategies, responsibility is shifted through (1) institutional architecture which formally delegates power to other actors, especially exploiting the ambiguity in federalism, sectoralism, privatization and decentralization; (2) rhetorical displacement of blame onto other actors or ‘exogenous’ factors and (3) everyday policy procedures and bureaucratic practices designed to distance officials from decision making. By negating the requirement for institutional and analytical responsiveness, these evasions of responsibility perpetuate systemic failures and undermine the credibility of the Indian state. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This study proposes a value-based approach to allocate the cost of reactive power production/absorption and the useful VAr reserve provided by the generators. Reactive power support can be segregated into two broad categories: the utilised component of the support and the reactive power reserve component for system security. The utilised reactive power capacity can be decomposed further into the support required for meeting the reactive power loads and that required to meet additional reactive power transmission losses for the MW load shipment. A value-based sensitivity approach has been utilised to compute utilisation factors (UFs) for allocation of the cost of reactive power production/absorption and reserve provision. This method provides transparency in determining the relative utilisation and supply of reactive power by sources to the customers. System operator (SO) can utilise this method for allocation of the cost incurred by the reactive power providers to the load serving entities. Case studies on five-bus test system, IEEE 24-bus reliability test system (RTS) and 75-bus Indian system demonstrate the proposed approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACTThis study aims to find the optimal switching point for the Indian coal-based power plants to switch to a cost-effective technology and reduce particulate emissions. Regulation in the form of an emission standard, an emissions tax, an ash tax, or a coal tax provides an incentive for the power plants to abate. We have taken a period of 40 years to show the pattern of abatement in a sample of 40 power plants. Linear programming using GAMS has been used for the analysis to determine when the plants will shift to cost-efficient technology. We have first done the analysis on a firm-to-firm basis and then we have aggregated to show the variability of our results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]