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This paper examines the extent to which an initiative in India, namely EdTech Tulna, has been able to move towards decolonization of EdTech by shaping the discourse around the adoption and use of good quality and contextual educational technology solutions for Indian learners. Set up as a collaboration among researchers, practitioners, teachers and governments, EdTech Tulna aims to encourage the selection of EdTech solutions that are appropriate for the community they are designed for, rather than adopting solutions that market themselves or those that have been successful in Western countries. The paper adopts the lens of justice-oriented design and first critically examines the design of the EdTech Tulna index. Then, it examines the success and hurdles of the collaborative efforts towards the implementation of contextualized and evidence-based solutions in the ecosystem. By analyzing stakeholder interviews and meeting notes, this paper addresses two questions. First, how does Tulna assist in identifying quality contextual solutions that are likely to enhance the learning of children in India? Second, how do state government officials and practitioners collaborate with researchers to use research-based standards for selecting such solutions? The discussions outline the progress and draw a broad contour of the road ahead. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the development of UNESCO's Mahatma Gandhi Institute on Education for Peace and Sustainable Development (MGIEP), examining its record from global, national and institutional perspectives. The global perspective encompasses challenges to UNESCO's attempts to articulate a distinctive, humanistic vision in competition with other multilateral bodies. The national perspective relates to India, which hosts MGIEP, provides the bulk of its funding and exerts significant influence over its governance. Consideration is also given to the relationship between MGIEP's work and Mahatma Gandhi's ideas. Finally, the institutional perspective relates both to the author's own experience with MGIEP, and to information gained through interviews with others involved with the institute. It is argued that MGIEP's story illuminates challenges to attempts, within India and internationally, to sustain a humanistic vision of education in the face of powerful countervailing interests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parental involvement in educating children remains a crucial first step in building an informed citizen. It becomes a routine matter for children to follow the footsteps of educated parents. However, for the first-generation learners, e.g. particularly vulnerable tribal groups (PVTGs), it is an arduous task because they belong to the least developed communities in India, with poverty and illiteracy forming the base of their existence. This paper examines the extent of involvement PVTG parents have in educating their daughters and identifies ways for improvement. Findings based on this original study suggest that the parents realise involvement, but their knowledge of involvement differs from the general population and the Western context. Hence, the study proposes four types of Cs to integrate their involvement: Concern, Communication, Condition, and Cooperation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the relationship between conflict trajectories and years of schooling in India for girls and boys. It adopts propensity score matching methods on panel data from the India Human Development Survey (2004/05-2011/12) merged with conflict data from the South Asia Terrorism Portal. Conflict is measured according to the dynamic trajectory of Naxal violence-related fatalities at the district level, distinguishing areas of chronic conflict with those experiencing dynamism in conflict intensity over time. ATT estimates indicate that conflict is associated with a reduction in years of schooling for both genders, though relatively high for girls (by a quarter of a year for girls and by 0.16 of a year for boys), driven by large reductions in school accumulation for girls living in areas of chronic conflict. Results are consistent when adopting different methods, alternative measures of conflict fatalities, and accounting for other conflicts and selective migration. Examining transmission mechanisms suggest that household spending on girls' education may be de-prioritised amidst conflict, while conflict may also weaken or destroy school infrastructure. Results suggest that policy responses should prioritise girls' education in areas of chronic conflict, not only in 'fragile states' but in countries where conflict remains a subnational concern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agricultural production in developing countries is heavily rainfall dependent. Any unexpected variation in rainfall can affect the welfare of households. Using unit record data from India, this paper shows that households can insure against agricultural productivity (rainfall) shocks. Evidence suggests that they do so by varying the time allocation of individual members to different activities, particularly to regular wage work and human capital accumulation. There is a gender‐differentiated aspect to this response. Rainfall shocks adversely affect women's human capital accumulation. While there is no evidence that households use participation in NREGS to insure against rainfall shocks, the availability of NREGS helps reduce the impact of rainfall shocks on human capital accumulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to explain online different tools for Teaching Learning Philosophy to design additional courses in engineering education to fill the gap in academia and industry by practicing of Survey done for Faculty Members as well as Students. Continuous learning is key for excellence of human kind and education is foundation of a successful nation. Hence India's National Education Policy (NEP-2020) focuses on designing multidisciplinary higher education and improvising current teaching approach by emphasizing on use of blended Teaching-Learning Philosophy (TLP). Due to COVID-19 situation around, in this crisis educators and students moved towards contactless approach of learning without physical interaction. Hence various different tools come into the picture to provide online education. We are studying all the tools so that we will design add-on and bridge courses for students which will help to increase their chance at getting placed in good companies. This paper will highlight such tools which are being used by Vikrant Institute of Technology and Management for conduction of TLP smoothly as well as further actions on how to conduct add-on and bridge course in institute. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study is twofold. Firstly, the study has investigated the changing scenario of gender bias in households' education expenditure and the socioeconomic factors responsible for it. Secondly, the study has estimated the inequality in education expenditure for the male and female students and determined the significance of socioeconomic variables in gender discrimination. Design/methodology/approach: To address the above-mentioned issues, this paper has used the unit-level data of NSSO 52nd, 64th, 71st and 75th rounds from 1995–1996 to 2017–2018. The log linear regression model is applied to estimate factor impending average education expenditure dynamics. The Oaxaca–Blinder Decomposition method has been employed to measure gender discrimination, and the Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient are used to assess inequality among girls experiencing prejudice. Findings: The study has discovered an gender bias in education expenditure against females during the study period in India. Further, it has been found that gender discrimination against girl students is decreasing. Moreover, the factors such as age, religion, castes, MPCE (income quantile), type of institution, present enrolment and type of education are responsible for this gender differences. Originality/value: This paper uses 20 years of household-level data for study and suggests that discriminatory behaviour of households and credit constraints of the underdeveloped countries prevent investment in girl's education. Therefore, the state must pay for education of girls by offering scholarships and free or heavily subsidized education. In addition to this, awareness programs for gender equality should also be implemented by the government, especially in rural areas. Peer review: The peer-review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-08-2022-0537. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Private tutoring participation is increasing in several developing countries, and this expansion has attracted the interest of scholars spanning disciplines of economics, sociology and history. This paper presents a theoretical model of private tutoring demand. The model incorporates the household and school characteristics in a developing country context and demonstrates the source of gender gaps in access to private tutoring. Using a recent database from India and employing a hurdle model approach, the paper also provides estimates of the drivers of private tutoring participation and spending for pre-secondary students. Our results indicate evidence of gender gaps in private tutoring access, and that the socio-economic profile of a student is positively correlated with tutoring demand. Further, school quality indicators are negatively correlated with tutoring participation, suggesting that students at 'better' schools rely less on tutoring. Overall, the findings suggest that tutoring demand is influenced by a mix of demand-side (household, community drivers) and supply-side (school quality and learning environment) factors. The results bring into focus the equity implications of tutoring growth and the need to improve school quality in order to reduce the dependence on private tutoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a report on the activities and the proposed action plan of the Education and Public Outreach Working Group (EPO WG) of Square Kilometre Array–India Consortium (SKAIC). Details of a set of flagship programs as well as supporting activities are presented, in consonance with the scale of India's involvement in Square Kilometre Array Observatory (SKAO), as well as the educational and science literacy contexts in the country. Ongoing independent EPO activities by some of the member institutions are also included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines how the expansion in schooling infrastructure of girls as part of India's Education for All program has increased female literacy and reduced gender gaps. To identify causal effects, I exploit the variation according to the targeting scheme of the programme which involved classifying subdistricts as either educationally backward or not. Using a regression discontinuity method, I find significant expansion in the number of girls' schools and residential schools for girls, but no significant positive effect on either female literacy or the gender literacy gap. Cost-effective methods other than an untargeted, large-scale infrastructure programme should be explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Girls' education has for many decades been central to the global development agenda, due to its positive impact on girls' health and wellbeing. In this paper, the authors revisit boys' attitudes, behaviours and norms related to girls' education, following the Samata intervention to prevent girls' school dropouts in Northern-Karnataka, South India. Data were collected from 20 boys in intervention villages before and after the intervention, and analysis was undertaken using a thematic-framework approach. Findings suggest that while boys did hold some attitudes and beliefs that supported girls' education and delayed-marriage, these remained within the framework of gender-inequitable norms concerning girls' marriageability, respectability/family-honour. Participants criticised peers who sought to jeopardise girls' respectability by teasing and community gossip about girls-boys' communication in public. Boys who rejected prevailing norms of masculinity were subjected to gossip, ridicule and violence by the community. Boys' attitudes and beliefs supported girls' education but were conditional on the maintenance of gendered hierarchies at household and interpersonal levels. Social norms concerning girls' honour, respectability and the role of boys as protectors/aggressors appeared to influence boys' response to girls' school dropouts. Future interventions aiming to address girls' education and marriage must invest time and resources to ensure that intervention components targeting boys are relevant, appropriate and effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to understand gender differences in sustainable entrepreneurial intentions among university students through the attitude, education, and moral obligations of an individual. The data was collected from 372 students from the universities of the northern part of India. Results of the study revealed that moral obligation plays a strong predicting role in sustainable entrepreneurship intentions (SEI) in both subsamples. Even females have a stronger influence of moral obligation on the intentions than males. Also, education about sustainability has a trivial influence on the SEI in the whole sample. Surprisingly, attitude and education about sustainability do not influence the intentions about sustainable entrepreneurship among university students. The study will help the universities to amplify the role of gender in entrepreneurship intentions particularly the one supporting sustainability. The present study is among the first very few to focus on the gender differences among students toward SEI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indian official data points out a progressive decline in child labour during last three decades.Nevertheless, there are several gaps that need to be addressed for targed policy intervention. This paper highlights the key socioeconomic vulnerabilities among children in rural and urban India and also summarize the key focus areas to be prioritized. We posit that children's entry into the labour force is driven by varied access to resources such as education, societal status and gender. The children in Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes households are the most vulnerable. We recommend prioritizing easy‐to‐access quality education among the key strategies for eradicating child labour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Stroke survivors and their caregivers have numerous and diverse educational needs, many of which are unmet because of inadequate training from healthcare professionals. As stroke recovery and rehabilitation can continue for years post-stroke, it is critical that stroke survivors are provided with and have access to a range of support options and evidence-based information. Website-based education programs (WEP) have been adopted in recent years to manage health problems. The present pilot study aims to evaluate the effect of WEP on activities of daily living (ADLs) and the fear of falls among sub-acute stroke survivors. Methods: A total of 16 eligible post-stroke survivors were recruited from multiple study settings across Surat City of Gujarat state in western India and were randomly assigned using a lottery method to either the experimental group (n = 8) receiving WEP or the control group (n = 8) receiving conventional physiotherapy for 4 weeks. Outcome measures were the Indian Stroke Scale (ISS), Modified Barthel Index (MBI), and Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I). Results: Both groups showed statistically significant improvements in all outcomes but the experimental group showed more significant improvements in ADLs and fear of falls among sub-acute stroke survivors (p < 0.05). Conclusion: WEP for sub-acute stroke survivors is an effective intervention. It improves the performance of ADLs for stroke survivors and helps in better fall management indicating that web-based education programs shall be implemented on a regular basis to improve patient care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Educational hypogamy among women is inadequately explored in the Indian context. Based on National Family Health Survey (2019–21) data, this study elucidates the pattern and predictors of educational hypogamy and the role of caste in determining educational hypogamy in the country. Binary logistic regression and ordered logistic regression were applied using Stata. Fifteen percent of the women were in educationally hypogamous marriages, and there was an upward trend in its prevalence. The main determinants of educational hypogamy were lower age at marriage, backward caste, Hindu religion, rural residence, the educational achievement level of the bride, and higher age difference with the husband. Moreover, within educational hypogamy, caste hypergamy was preferred, primarily by socially backward groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the recent literature on the regulation of private schools by the state, Tooley argues that the state should refrain from such a practice. The important reasons for this view are that the state regulations are impractical and do not foster an entrepreneurship attitude. He prefers the implementation of a self-regulating mechanism for the private schools. We find that Tooley's argument of private institutions functioning without state intervention, in the Indian context of primary education, is inappropriate. The reasons are: (i) the state has a duty to provide education and this cannot be done without state's intervention. (ii) If the end-users in the market themselves demand state intervention, then Tooley has to accept it as it is the demand from the market and in the Indian context, the parents do demand state interventions and (iii) there is an incompatible interest between the private and state institutions on education and hence require state's intervention. On these grounds, we argue that in India the state needs to regulate the private schools, especially for primary education. In the absence of such regulations, these private schools may focus on maximising their interest rather than ensuring justice in education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this editorial introduction to the Special Theme, Sacrifice, Suffering and Hope: Education, Aspiration and Young People's Affective Orientations to the Future, we discuss the key theoretical themes (aspiration, sacrifice and affect) that underpin the papers in this collection. With geographical focus on India, Indonesia, Kenya and Bangladesh, our aim is to contribute a more ethnographically-grounded understanding of the affective orientations that emerge or become visible in the context of young people's educational experiences, and that shape and give meaning to processes of aspiration formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper argues that the mother's association with the child's schooling and educational needs is not just limited and peculiar to the middle-class families, as the literature suggests, but it is increasingly true of poor and working-class families too. This paper discusses how mothers from a poor neighbourhood in India straddle between household work, paid employment and children's education and how they envisage and support their children's schooling, at times going against the general tide to ensure a better life for their children. Other than highlighting the gendered nature of support for children's education, this paper, also outlines the nature of the differences and distinctions among mothers from a poor neighbourhood in terms of the family social status and educational levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pandemic situation has forced most of the countries to plummet toward a virtual, distant learning format in recent years since 2020. While there are certain undeniable benefits of a virtual, technology-infused setup, it essentially calls for a complete paradigm shift for a country like India which has otherwise been a practitioner of traditional classroom teaching. Despite that, the recent boom in the EdTech market in India coupled with recent government policies indicate that India is going for that paradigm shift. The key thing to note here is that an EdTech-intensive setup is not as primitive as the traditional one. Its feasibility demands more rigorous infrastructural support. This paper looks into the very basic infrastructural requirements of the system in light of a very straightforward strategic analysis model—Objective and Key Results. Under this setup, India's readiness is measured in terms of the availability of electricity, internet, and digital equipment with the intention of making an accessible, affordable and inclusive EdTech-driven education system. Moving one step further, this paper also tallies the recent policies with the specific shortcomings of the existing system to determine whether or not India is moving on the right path to progress. In a nutshell, it is found that there is ample room for improvement in the current arrangement for implementing a large-scale EdTech-enabled system, but the progress is most certainly happening in the right direction. Recent policies make quite an argument in favor of doing away with the digital divide and building an effective and inclusive EdTech-powered education system for the future generations of citizens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In India, the history of education has traversed a unique path in the last hundred years. The political influences guided the discipline, but at the same time, they were also contested and critiqued in equal measures. History of education as a discipline went through four distinct phases. The first phase coincided with the last stage of the freedom movement (1920–1947), which saw a new interpretation of what constituted education from the perspectives of Indian tradition and its contestations. The second phase (1947–1980) began with the collection and publication of official documents with strong introductions analysing the complexity of the history of education in the colonial period. The third phase (1980–1998) revived the arguments that took centre stage during the freedom movement based on literary texts and political speeches. The fourth phase (1998–2020) has witnessed a critical questioning of the historiography of the previous decades on the basis of archival sources and saw the publication of books and journal articles on various themes. This paper looks at these distinct phases and analyses the underlying socio-political currents that moulded the history of education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Outcome-based education (OBE) by Washington Accord (WA) promises to improve the technical education system by clarifying expectations for students and focussing assessment on specific learning outcomes for better measurement of student achievements. Numerous publications describe the process and results of OBE implementation in India. This article is a meta-analysis of research articles documenting the OBE efforts made by Indian engineering institutes. The study implements the established objective approached based reviewing technique. A rubric comprising seven distinct measurements was applied to assess critically selected articles. The detailed assessment indicates that there is a lack of empirical validation of the results obtained by the researchers. The papers were also found to lack a consistent understanding of CO-PO mapping. Hence, there is a clear research gap of statistical validation of the results using pre and postimplementation data for a given improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discussed about FDI in education sector of Indian scenario. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has long been a source of concern for India. Although 100% FDI is allowed in the education sector by the government, it also has some obstructions or barriers in addition to its main benefits. The authors of this study have made an effort to highlight both the positive and negative effects of FDI on the education sector. In India, this is noted that education is key to developing the nation. It is also a well accepted fact that empowering young people with the right knowledge and skills can ensure societal advancement and economic growth. According to the Indian educational system, education plays a role in establishing values such as libertarianism, respect for majority rule traditions, universal liberties, and the pursuit of equity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has exhibit deep stress all over the world. Despite recent speculative suggestions of poorer psychological state in all age in India, since the beginning of the pandemic, there are no systematic efforts to help consequences. This research tried to report on the content of effect of lockdown on individual economy in Luck now city, those who could also be notably liable to negative emotions alongside news on the impact of corona virus on their lives. These impacts consecutively related to negative have an effect on. Participants' high worries centred on economy attainments, social and recreational activities, and physical health. A lot of females than males disturbed regarding educational attainment and physical health whereas a lot of males disturbed regarding economical, social and recreational activities. Thus, Indian individuals report important impact of the pandemic on varied aspects of their life and area unit notably disturbed regarding economical and educational attainments, social and recreational activities and physical health. During pandemic and lockdown people lost their jobs, their business were closed, they have had no option for their livelihood They were suffered from more stress. They were panic to thought about how to move their family life. How to secure their family. Thus Pandemics are extremely impactful and endangering the protection and traditional functioning of the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In self-arranged marriages, individuals choose their partners themselves, whereas in arranged and jointly-arranged marriages the decision is taken by parents and kin or jointly with the couples. Although the majority of Indian marriages are arranged, among younger cohorts, self-arranged marriages are increasing. Using the IHDS 2011–2012 data, we adopt a multivariate multilevel approach to explore the association of self--arranged marriage with various socioeconomic, cultural, and regional factors. We find that the likelihood of self-arranged marriages increases with higher educated parents, especially parents-in-law; among higher and lower castes exhibiting a U-shaped association with caste hierarchy; and by living in less conservative regions. Findings imply that although marriage norms are transforming in India, it is not uniform, and sociocultural barriers are prevalent, thus, slowing down the pace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Social workers constitute a significant task force that serves diverse populations experiencing psychosocial challenges in their daily lives. Lack of suicide prevention content/training in the Master of Social Work program may affect the student's self-esteem/ability to intervene when they come across a person with suicidality in the field. Developing a suicide prevention training module for social work students would be a suitable measure for upbringing their skills in dealing with individuals with suicidality. Method: The purpose of the present study was to develop a suicide prevention training module for social work students at the postgraduate level. The researcher conducted two Focused Group Discussions (FGD) each with social work students (n = 13) and social work educators (n = 15) on an online platform. Notes were taken during the discussion, and the contents were videotaped. The videotaped content was transcribed, and content analysis was used to analyze the data. The content that emerged from the FGD with social work students and educators was discussed in later FGD with mental health experts (two psychiatrists, one psychologist, two psychiatric social workers, and two mental health nurses). The discussion with experts clarified what components to retain for the training program. Results: Five major themes and 22 sub-themes emerged from the two FGDs each with students and educators, and one FGD with mental health professionals are described. The five major themes were understanding of suicidality, understanding suicide education in the master of social work curriculum, experience with suicidality, training content suggestion, and suggestions for future implications. Conclusions: The present study identified the need for suicide prevention training in postgraduate-level social work students. Furthermore, a lack of suicide prevention training was observed indicating the incorporation of suicide education in the postgraduate curriculum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Growing concern over the health and safety concerns of underage sex has prompted calls for increased initiatives to teach sex education in schools. Teenagers engage in harmful practices and suffer the consequences because of a lack of sex education. It would be foolish, if not reckless, to try to deny that truth. Why deny teenagers the information they need to stay healthy and avoid getting pregnant too soon if it will help them avoid the negative effects of not receiving sexual education? Despite major advances in science, the implementation of sex education in modern schools is hampered by cultural, political, and systemic constraints that strongly influence many layers of teenagers' environments. Knowledge among adolescent females regarding sexual and reproductive health issues is mandatory to ensure their healthy growth, both mentally and physically, by various agents of socialization, mainly parents and teachers, to prepare them for pubertal transition. Healthcare experts such as psychologists, counselors, social workers, and psychiatrists can be useful in achieving this goal. Women's health-related policies need to be formed, and sexual education in schools needs to be mandatory. This paper highlights some of the opportunities, intentions to provide relevant sexuality education for young people, potentially exacerbating confusion and individuals who do not conform to societal stereotypes of sex, gender, and ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we analyse the education and wage gaps between Hindus and Muslims over the period 1983 to 2011–2012 in India. We find that Muslims are worse off than Hindus in terms of education and this disadvantage has increased over time. Our analysis shows that the wage gap is more pronounced at the higher end of the wage distribution which we interpret as a glass ceiling effect. We find that the wage gap has increased over time and the increase is more pronounced at the upper quantiles. Our decomposition analysis shows that difference in education has a significant contribution to the Hindu-Muslim wage gap. We find that the Hindu-Muslim gaps are more pronounced in urban areas relative to rural areas. Comparing Muslims with different Hindu castes, we find that while the disadvantaged castes have improved their condition relative to Muslims over time, the condition of Muslims relative to the advantaged castes has worsened. Dividing the sample into younger (aged 16–35) and older (36–65) cohorts, we find that the Hindu-Muslim gap in education is more acute in the younger cohort while the Hindu-Muslim wage gap is more pronounced for the older cohort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Patient education is an essential component of improving public health as it empowers individuals with the knowledge and skills necessary for making informed decisions about their health and well-being. Primary care physicians play a crucial role in patients' education as they are the first contact between the patients and the healthcare system. However, they may not get adequate time to prepare educational material for their patients. An artificial intelligence-based writer like ChatGPT can help write the material for physicians. Aim: This study aimed to ascertain the capability of ChatGPT for generating patients' educational materials for common public health issues in India. Materials and Methods: This observational study was conducted on the internet using the free research version of ChatGPT, a conversational artificial intelligence that can generate human-like text output. We conversed with the program with the question - "prepare a patients' education material for X in India." In the X, we used the following words or phrases -- "air pollution," "malnutrition," "maternal and child health," "mental health," "noncommunicable diseases," "road traffic accidents," "tuberculosis," and "water-borne diseases." The textual response in the conversation was collected and stored for further analysis. The text was analyzed for readability, grammatical errors, and text similarity. Result: We generated a total of eight educational documents with a median of 26 (Q1-Q3: 21.5-34) sentences with a median of 349 (Q1-Q3: 329-450.5) words. The median Flesch Reading Ease Score was 48.2 (Q1-Q3: 39-50.65). It indicates that the text can be understood by a college student. The text was grammatically correct with very few (seven errors in 3415 words) errors. The text was very clear in the majority (8 out of 9) of documents with a median score of 85 (Q1-Q3: 82.5-85) in 100. The overall text similarity index was 18% (Q1-Q3: 7.5-26). Conclusion: The research version of the ChatGPT (January 30, 2023 version) is capable of generating patients' educational materials for common public health issues in India with a difficulty level ideal for college students with high grammatical accuracy. However, the text similarity should be checked before using it. Primary care physicians can take the help of ChatGPT for generating text for materials used for patients' education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India has a broad, varied, and multifaceted technical and higher education system and is behind China and the United States in terms of the world's largest system of higher education. Accreditation is a mechanism intended to assess whether an educational institution or program satisfies the specified academic standards. While in the US the accreditation body is Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology, Inc. (ABET), in India, it is the National Board of Accreditation (NBA) and National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC). NBA accreditation model is linked to ABET via Washington Accord. The task in front of these authorities is introducing the policies to ensure that students receive the type of education they require in today's complicated and volatile world. This paper demonstrates a case-study on how the Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering Department of Fr. C. Rodrigues Institute of Technology (FCRIT) leveraged the policies and models adapted by NBA for Outcome Based Education (OBE) for raising the quality of the Bachelor of Engineering Program. It reviews the history and role played by ABET and NBA in continuously evolving the criteria for the accreditation of engineering courses. It presents the systems and processes established by the Department as per the NBA-OBE model for enhancing students' Course Outcome (CO) and Program Outcome (PO) attainments. There has been increase of 4.1% and 5% in averaged CO and PO attainments, respectively, for the 2016-20 passed out batch compared to 2014-18 batch. In conclusion, the NBA-OBE model can be leveraged further for enhancement in outcomes in the proposed autonomy model at FCRIT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper offers an ethnographic account of how Golden Harvest International School in Bengaluru branded itself as both 'International' and 'Indian', by elaborating discursive practices within the school. Drawing upon scholarship that has sought to delineate the ways in which globally hyper-mobile Indians construct a distinctive cultural identity, the paper shows how a fusion of national and international allowed the school to cater to a particular set of elite parents, who were globally hyper-mobile even as they sought to be 'appropriately Indian'. The paper pays attention to how cultural practices and resources in the school operated within a forward caste-Hindu ethos that was presented as 'Indian', while also responsibilising teachers, students, and even parents to ensure the school acquired and retained globally valued credentials such as accreditation for the Middle Years Program of the International Baccalaureate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the effects of socio-economic determinants on child malnutrition in Uttar Pradesh- the most populous and malnourished state of India. Using data from NFHS-4, this study highlights district-wide variations in nutritional status of children less than five years in the state. The percentage of stunted, wasted, and underweight have been taken as dependent variables, while main explanatory variables of child malnutrition were female education, maternal malnutrition (BMI), breastfeeding practices, children's place of residence, father’s education, wealth index of household, family planning, sex of the child, sex of the household and age cohort of mother. Logistic regression models have been applied in order to observe the association between explanatory variables and malnutrition. The findings revealed a high incidence of less stunted, wasted, and underweight infants in case of an educated parents, particularly educational level of mother. Wealth index representing the possession of assets by the household found to be an important indicator in the sense that children born to households with richer and richest quintiles showing better-nourished children aged under-5. The modern method of using contraceptive, breastfeeding practices, maternal malnutrition were also important indicators influencing the rate of malnutrition in children. The study suggested that imparting education to females, breastfeeding practices, economic status, and contraceptive use can play an important role in reducing nutritional status of children.   [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Education promotes personal growth and fulfilment, as well as inspiring individuals to maximise their mental, physical, emotional, and spiritual abilities. Because education leads to economic and social advancement, a country's education strategy at the school and college levels must be well defined and futuristic. To make it effective, many countries use distinct education systems that take into account tradition and culture and adopt different stages of their life cycle at the school and college education levels (Aithal,S.2020). If subsequent governments can stay committed to the recently issued National Education Policy, it lays forth an encouragingly hopeful vision for the future. After considerable deliberation and two committees since 2014, the Ministry of Human Resource Development announced the New Education Policy. On July 31, 2020, the Ministry of Human Resource and Development (MHRD) issued the New Education Policy. Although the strategy has many beneficial aspects, the government's major problem is widespread implementation and achieving the desired learning results. The different changes from school to college level will be discussed in this paper as a result of the adoption of National Education Policy 2020. This study will also look at new platforms and strategies for instructors, which are part of the NEP 2020 goal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents data from a qualitative study on the community engagement experience at the Bhagat Phool Singh Mahila Vishwavidyalaya, to prepare students for social work practice. It focuses on how students and academics understand engagement, the values derived from the engagement experience and the particular activities that formed part of the engagement process. Data were collected using in-depth interviews with six academics and eleven students. Using a process of thematic analysis, the study found that service learning within the context of rural villages presented a rich opportunity to prepare students for social work practice and, more importantly, to facilitate the social justice mandate of the profession. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digitalization in India has become essential and necessary in our day to day life. It has become indispensable and very important part of every individual, business organization and other financial or banking services. As we are moving towards cashless economy, it is possible with implementing digitalization in India. It will boost the digital literacy in India and India is a developing country so there is need to literate every individual and other organization about digital literacy, to move towards becoming a developed country. Therefore, this paper analyse impact of digitalization on education in India. For this analysis considered time series data from 2000 to 2019. In this paper applied regression method for the analysis and before applied the regression we have checked the normality and multicollenerity with the help of descriptive and correlation analysis. Regression results reveal that the coefficient of Government expenditure on education is negative which means there is need to improve the education with more proper funds and efforts towards education for increasing the literacy rate among youth. The Digitalization variables positively correlated to the education's variables, like literacy rate positively correlated to the secure internet server which shows that through the internet server literacy rate is going to increase and in future it will have better impact to the society with the increasing rate of literacy and internet service. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper evaluates the impact of household participation in a large‐scale public works programme in India on educational decisions including children schooling and expenditure incurred on private coaching and other educational components. Exogenous variation in proximity of households to a river is used to control for the potential endogeneity. The findings indicate positive impact of the programme on expenditure on private coaching while having no impact on other educational expenditures indicating higher income elasticity of private coaching. The paper thus emphasizes on various direct and indirect benefits of the programme which necessitate its effective implementation at the local level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, an effort is made to explore the authors' involvement as resource persons and facilitators in an exchange programme between Japan and India. The 15-day programme was created to understand the culture and rich heritage of India, particularly Rajasthan, by involving Japanese participants in a Tour based student exchange programme. The programme offered an opportunity for Japanese students to provide an experience of Indian culture through the use of various modules. The paper attempts to explore the impact of learning that took place during the period of the exchange programme, analysed through structured interviews. The findings of this study can facilitate effective creation and development of such exchange programmes in India and elsewhere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim. The paper examines the impact of education on the rate of suicides in India and takes a global outlook on how prevalent is suicide among countries with high education indicators. Methodology. The paper is based on secondary research with data collected from National Databases like NCRB and International databases of WHO and OECD. Data analysis has been performed in MS Excel using statistical techniques such as correlation. Results. The study reveals that in India, the increase in the education levels of people has had a negligible impact on the number of suicides in the country. Across states, the suicide rates and literacy rates have a positive correlation of .35; while correlation does not mean causation and the two are mildly correlated, it does establish the fact that education does not have a direct impact on the suicide rate. The analysis indicates that even though the education levels in the country have risen, subsequently, the educational level among people who committed suicide also increased. Also, it is found that the countries that are ranked higher on PISA ranking and tertiary education attainment have mostly higher rates of suicide. Conclusion. As shown throughout the study, education has not been an effective instrument in equipping people with survival skills. It is as if education is happening in vacuum with no impact on the people committing suicides. Thus, it is important that we question our educational practices, and re-align our goals of education so that they lead to the overall development of an individual. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper challenges (inter)national development narratives that propose schooling as a way out of poverty in the global South by interrogating poor children's experience of pedagogic and disciplinary processes in an Indian classroom. It also develops a theoretical framework to interrogate the relationship between urban poverty and classroom processes which attends to wider class and caste relations in the contemporary context of economic liberalism and 'political and social illiberalism'. Drawing upon parent interviews and ethnographic fieldnotes from a classroom in a state school it unpacks the term, 'labour class', used by teachers to refer to pupils' social background. Further, deploying the notion of 'deficit view' it shows how pedagogic practice, physical and verbal aggression experienced by pupils and pupils' struggles to engage with classroom teaching are shaped by realities of deeply stratified schooling, inadequate infrastructure in state schools and the relationship between 'labour class' communities and middle-class teachers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship of Dalits with exclusion is a common scenario in India over several periods of time. Since ancient times, Dalits have faced different social, political, and cultural exclusion in the Indian society. When it comes to education, the exclusion is still prevalent in various part of modern India. Especially in the low-access, caste dominant areas, the situation is worse for the higher education of Dalits. For girls, it becomes more complicated to access the general resources to continue education without hassles. Therefore, the literacy rate (56.6% from census 2011) of Dalit women is still very low in India compared to the general population of this country, which creates a gap in their social, political, and economic engagements in the country. Irrespective of constant governmental efforts, the complexities of the Dalit women's education are still very much persistent in India, after over 74 years of independence. Thus, this paper mainly focuses on factors such as gender- and caste-based discrimination, low enrolment in schools, scholarship issues, violence against them, and so on, based on secondary data, which create exclusion in Dalit girls' education. This paper also tries to highlight the constitutional provisions. It further highlights the history of Dalit girls' exclusion and their struggle for education in India. The ultimate goal of the paper is to underline the current situation of Dalit girls' education and the root cause of the problem, to ensure closing of the gap between governmental efforts and Dalit girls' education in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Given that the policy is rather comprehensive and detailed, this paper aims to identify some of the key features and discuss the mechanisms by which the benefits of the policy might reach all sections of society. Design/methodology/approach: In this paper, we analyse India's new education policy (NEP) and discuss how it might impact education and employment in India and the neighbourhood. Findings: This paper believes that the NEP (2020) is likely to alter the educational landscape of India and make education accessible to all sections of society. In addition, the impact of this bill will be felt in the Indian workplace. Research limitations/implications: This paper would urge the policymakers, educationists and corporate leaders to conduct research on the benefits of the NEP in two phases. In the short run, they could study the implementation – in the long run, all three stakeholders should track the changes in the quality of graduates being produced as a result of the new policy. Originality/value: This is the first known critique of the NEP (2020) written by five Indian-origin academics and practitioners, offering insight into the policy for scholars and practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) provide new experiences in the digital and simulation worlds. While they are intended to stimulate users' perception and senses in general, the two differ significantly. This study aimed to seek and analyze international publications on the trends, similarities, differences, advantages, and disadvantages of AR and VR for learning over the period 2001-2021. In this study, bibliometric analysis using VOSViewer with the help of MS Excel was utilized to visualize metadata obtained from Scopus. Publish or Perish software supported the data collection of this study, which included retrieving and analyzing academic citations. The findings show that the AR/VR has trend continued to rise over the years. The results showed that Denmark and India (based on country bibliographic pairs), Journal of Physics Conference Series (based on journal bibliographic pairs), Y. Zhou publications (2018) (based on bibliographic pairs of publications), and Archana M. (India) with Lars K. (Denmark) (based on author bibliographic pairs) have become the most influential in the field of augmented reality and virtual reality for learning. AR and VR are two technologies changing how people use screens, thus creating new and exciting interactive experiences. In the future, it is expected that further research related to AR/VR and even Mixed Reality (MR) will continue to develop along with technological advancement. However, pedagogical competence remains an essential key to learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper, based on an empirical study of private schools (n=35) and families (n=105) in select localities (n=3), explores how diversified school market(s) operate in Alwar city in Rajasthan in India. It observes that private schools execute a range of strategies, both ethical and unethical, to influence parents and attract admissions. School strategies range from the most modern methods such as advertising through local television channels, WhatsApp, Facebook, roadside billboards, wall-paintings, door-to-door visits, etc., to the invoking of primordial affiliations such as kinship ties, caste, and religious identities to reach out to parents. Schools use promises like offering better English-medium education, ensuring the safety and security of children, strict discipline, and providing coaching to prepare students for admission to prominent government schools and the engineering and medical institutes of the country as marketing strategies to help them flourish in a competitive education market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore an employability enhancement initiative, the Additional Skills Acquisition Programme (ASAP) project in the state of Kerala, India, as a case for the inclusive development of employability in college and university students. Design/methodology/approach: ASAP is applied as a case study to examine the employability enhancement initiative in India. Findings: Participation in the ASAP project led to increased measures of employability. These increases were most pronounced in women and individuals living below the poverty line. Partnerships between educational institutions and organisations focusing on students' technical and skill development can help overcome local and national talent shortages. Originality/value: The theoretical implications come from addressing the lack of representation of skills based employability initiatives among students from India in the vocational behaviour literature. Practical implications come from knowledge sharing of innovative strategies to enhance the employability outcomes of individuals entering the labour market. New ways to overcome the reported mismatch in business education between curriculum content and the development of employability skills in graduates are presented. Benefits for diversity and inclusion are also provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to examine the influence of sustainability education in 15 Indian universities and the mediating role of the theory of planned behavior in predicting students' intentions to start an enterprise supporting sustainability. Design/methodology/approach: The data, which consists of 422 samples, was collected from 15 universities in India. It was analyzed through partial least squares structural equation modeling, which is frequently used for prediction models. The model was further checked for goodness-of-fit using Amos. Findings: The results suggested that personal and subjective norms play a mediating role in shaping the intentions of students to choose entrepreneurship in the sustainability field. Education on sustainability has a significant influence on personal and subjective norms, and these norms further help to develop entrepreneurial intentions. Practical implications: The study will be helpful for researchers and universities in understanding the importance and stake of including courses on sustainability. Social implications: As the results suggest, social norms play a significant role in determining entrepreneurial intentions; therefore, the study will develop a societal culture of start-up education and ethos. Originality/value: The research is original and one of the first to examine the mediating role of the theory of planned behavior on the relationship between education and intentions to start a sustainable enterprise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The library and information services of the twenty first century are rapidly changing education learning patterns because of the rapid development of electronic publishing libraries. However, the literature reveals the considerable unpredictability in experience, challenges, and awareness about E-resources among college students during and after the COVID-19 Pandemic scenario. In the aftermath of the pandemic, everyone has been forced to learn and teach E-resources in educational institutions worldwide. Along with their academic demands, college students are confronted by a lack of knowledge of handling e-learning resources and low network connectivity in remote regions. In this aspect, this study commenced to describe the experience, challenges, and awareness about e-learning resources. A descriptive and diagnostic research design was adopted and primary data was collected from college students through Google Forms with participant consent. The basic information about respondents, experience, challenges, and awareness of E-resources are tools of the study. The statistical analysis is to be carried out based on the study's objective. This analysis was used to identify influential factors and to explore the relationships between e-learning experience, and resource awareness. Subsequently, the analysis is used to discuss recommendations for enhancing the utilization of e-learning resources based on the study's findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Why you should read this article: • To understand a collaborative learning model for developing 'training the trainer' courses • To develop training programmes on indigenising systematic reviews to local contexts • To gain insights into adult learning and teaching strategies Background: Developing a workforce with the skills to produce and make judicious use of evidence for policy and practice decisions requires trainers who can tailor evidence and training to policy and practice priorities. Aim: To describe how a collaborative learning model adapted a systematic review course to suit Indian nurse educators and research scholars in the conduct and use of systematic reviews. Discussion: A collaborative learning team of academics and research scholars brought together expertise in nursing education in India, and evidence synthesis in India and the UK. Participants found the course was highly beneficial, enhanced independent and critical thinking, and instilled them with the confidence and skills to deliver such courses to Indian researchers, nurses and other healthcare professionals. Conclusion: Contextualising materials and methods to participants' experiences made learning more relatable. The use of adult learning approaches enabled participants to apply the same approaches when leading training in their own institutions and underpinned long-term sustainable working relationships between facilitators and learners, leading to new studies and new resources to support evidence-informed decision-making. Implications for practice: An educational intervention on 'indigenising systematic reviews' with online collaborative learning can produce improvements in the knowledge and skills of participants. Advantages of this educational approach include its flexibility, active involvement of participants and sustainable partnership building. The principles and methods used could be replicated in any setting to train trainers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India has always been a nation of villages, and although Indian women are revered as goddesses, their current circumstances are incredibly deplorable. Since the day they were born, they have experienced troubles. Additionally, tradition and custom are hostile to women. Their lives are being improved by several NGOs and the government, but these efforts remain insufficient. The main obstacle to their development and empowerment is education. The reality is that our nation has the highest percentage of illiterate people in the whole globe. Approximately 50% of all adult females in India cannot read or write, and roughly one-third of the country's population is today functionally illiterate. Particularly among women and in rural regions, illiteracy rates are high. Education for women is essential to the overall growth of any nation. Even though gender equality in education is given a lot of attention in India, there is still inequality in access to education. Women have different levels of access to education in rural and urban areas. All of these issues are covered in this essay along with appropriate solutions to the issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to document the participation of intra-household decision-making activities by older adults in India. Design/methodology/approach: This study has used a nationally representative sample of 21,662 older adults (aged 60 and above) from the Longitudinal Ageing Study of India data of 2017–2018. Intra-household decision-making participation is measured based on decision-making activities that includes marriage of daughter/son, buying and selling of property, giving a gift to the family, education of family member and arrangement of social/religious events. This paper used bivariate analysis and binary logistic regression model to examine the factors associated with the participation of older adults in the intra-household decision-making activities. Findings: The result has shown that older persons' participation declined with increased age. This study has also found a difference in the participation of intra-households decision-making activities between male and female, rural and urban older adults, poor and rich older adults. Older adults with good health status who maintain social engagement and a good lifestyle are more likely to participate in the household's decision-making activities. Practical implications: Older adults with better economic and social status are more likely to participate in intra-household decision-making activities that make their life happier than the counterpart. Therefore, emphasis should be given to those vulnerable older adults who do not have any social and economic security in the society. Originality/value: There are limited studies available on intra-household decision-making participation by older adults. This paper documents the intra-household decision-making participation by older adults in India with a nationally representative large sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]