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Copyright of Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this discussion paper is to explore how nurses can be strategically poised to advocate for needed policy change in support of greater income equality and other social determinants of health. We adapted Bronfenbrenner's social‐ecological model to highlight how four broad pervasive subsystems shape the opportunities that nurses have to engage in advocacy at the policy level. These subsystems include organizations (the microsystem), professional bodies (the mesosystem), public policies (the exosystem), and societal values (the macrosystem). On the basis of this adapted model, we recommend changes among modifiable elements of the microsystem and mesosystem that can help position nurses (ecologically and collectively) to advocate for public policy change and use examples from a Canadian context to illustrate these points. We believe that the ideas arising from this model can be widely used where policy action on the social determinants of health is needed to inform, guide, and frame change efforts and advocacy work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the overwhelming majority of sport opportunity in Canada is enjoyed, organized, and administered by voluntary, associations, it is surprising that so little research has been done in this area. This paper reviews the voluntary association literature in general and the sport voluntary association literature in particular. Broadly stated, the general literature shows that voluntary association membership reflects the normative order and no matter what indicator of socioeconomic status is used, there is a direct relationship between SES and participation in voluntary associations. The same, in an accentuated form, is found in sport associations. Furthermore, instrumental associations, both as a whole and in sport, are more dominated by upper SES personnel than are expressive associations. Concerning gender relations, the review shows that the exclusion of women from so many spheres of social life is found with equal severity in the voluntary association literature as a whole and in the sport literature in particular. The final section of the paper examines how power and the control over rules and resources can be used to explain the existing patterns of voluntary association in Canadian sport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines how organisations have increasingly been portrayed in textbooks as solving social problems as well as contributing to national development. Findings from 527 Canadian and U.S. textbooks illustrate the rise of an organisational society during the time period between 1836 and 2011. Discussions of for-profit and non-profit forms of organisations rise early on in both countries, creating the foundation for an organisational society, which expands to incorporate global organisations in the post-World War II period. We argue that such portrayals in textbooks both reflect and legitimise the role of organisations in society, strengthening their taken-for-granted status as social actors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on a paper of the Society of Rural Physicians of Canada, focusing on the issue of the rural health service closures. It explores the main causes behind the hospital closures including quality concerns, economic matters and highlights the impact of the step. After studying different aspects of the topic, it concludes that the decision of closing rural hospitals is not backed by proper reasons.

This article provides certain abstracts of papers presented at the Fifteenth Annual Meeting of the Society for Psychophysiological Research, which was held at the Hyatt Regency Hotel in Toronto, Ontario, in October 1975. Members of the Program Committee were J. Richards Jennings, James Avcrill, Anne Schell, Neil Schnciderman and Gary E. Schwartz. Symposia and mini-courses comprised most of the day-rime program. Research report accepted for presentation were given and discussed informally at two Science Fairs, one during October 17, 1975 and the other on October 19, 1975.

Summary: A variety of hip protectors are available, but it is not clear which is the most effective and there is no standard test to evaluate their performance. This is the first study that uses a standard mechanical test on hip protectors. Some protectors perform well but others are almost ineffective, providing little to no protection to the wearer during a fall. Introduction: Each year, over 70,000 patients are admitted to hospital in the UK with hip fractures. There are a variety of commercial hip protectors currently available. However, it is not explicitly clear which is the most effective with regard to maximum force attenuation, whilst still being both comfortable for the user and providing reasonable force reduction if misplaced from the intended position. The numerous test methods reported in the literature have given conflicting results, making objective comparison difficult for users, researchers, and manufacturers alike. The Canadian Standards Association (CSA) has therefore published an express document (EXP-08-17) with a draft standard test method. This paper presents initial results for a range of hip protectors. Methods: Eighteen commercially available hip protectors were tested according to EXP-08-17. Each hip protector was impacted five times in correct anatomical alignment over the greater trochanter and once at 50 mm displacements in the anterior, posterior, and lateral directions. Results: Considerable differences were identified between individual hip protectors in their ability to reduce impact forces on the femur (between 3% and 36% reduction in peak force). The performance was reduced when misplaced in many cases (maximum reduction only 20%). Conclusions: This is the first study that uses a standard mechanical test on hip protectors. Previous studies have used a variety of methods, making it difficult to interpret results. We hope that these results using a standard test method will facilitate the effective comparison of results, as well as providing useful data for clinicians, users, and purchasers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents news briefs related to international sports psychology organizations and events as of March, 1989. Formation of the Canadian Registry for Sport Behavioral Professionals is highlighted. Changes made to the annual meeting of the Swedish Sports Confederation are described. Plans are made for the annual conference of the Association for the Advancement of Applied Sport Psychology (AAASP) to be held in New Hampshire in October, 1989.

The fifty-sixth annual conference of the American Association for Public Opinion Research (AAPOR) was held at the Hilton Montreal Bonaventure in Montreal, Quebec on May 17 to 20, 2001. The conference theme was Making Connections. Some eight hundred public opinion researchers accepted the invitation to meet colleagues and friends and to participate in the interdisciplinary program. The special character of the annual conference clearly distinguishes it from other professional meetings. Despite steady growth in attendance over recent years, it is a relatively small conference. Its limited duration, its submission review process and its carefully variegated slate of paper session topics constrain the number of opportunities for being on the program. With the traditional meals and social events, the AAPOR conference presents a higher quality, more intimate and more interdisciplinary experience than can be found at many academic, governmental, or commercial meetings. The structure of the meeting limits, among other things, opportunities to attract new AAPOR members, the willingness of exhibitors and publishers to display their wares, the range of topics covered in the program and the conference revenue that AAPOR could employ for worthwhile purposes.

The significant role of the community in the lives of children and youth at-risk has become increasingly clear to social work academics and professionals over the last three decades. Alongside the more traditional individual and family responses, community interventions have been designed to catalyze change in the environment of children and youth at-risk and supply holistic and sustainable responses to their needs. Ten such community intervention programs were identified from the United States, Australia, Canada, and Israel. Most employed the community development model, focused on developing leadership and social capital (improving community networking) and advancing coordination between the organizations and sectors in the field of risk among children and youth. The diverse programs reviewed focused both on at-risk children and youth in general or specifically on child abuse and neglect. The programs originated from different health, education, and welfare disciplines and sponsoring authorities. The majority were funded originally by private foundations; however, government involvement was significant, particularly in the adoption and support of initiatives after their development. The current analysis of the programs refers to core issues that arose from the review: professional orientation, main target unit, main initiator, and research and evaluation. Analysis of program characteristics enables identifying relevant aspects of these programs for use by policy, governmental, and nonprofit sector stakeholders seeking to develop similar programs. Conclusions and recommendations to advance the field are suggested considering the current context of government cuts in welfare funds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information about the position paper entitled "Share Mental Health Care in Canada", which proposes to enhance the working relationship between family physicians and psychiatrists. The working group of the Canadian Psychiatric Association and the College of Family Physicians of Canada has described the obligations and responsibilities of each of the two medical specialties in a proposed shared care model for the treatment of mental illness. The position paper highlights the current difficulties experienced between family physicians and psychiatrists, which poor communication and lack of contact between members of each of the 2 specialty groups.

The article presents news briefs related to the study of sports psychology as of December, 1987. North American sports psychology societies are described, including the North American Society for the Psychology of Sport and Physical Activity (NASPSPA), the Canadian Society for Psychomotor Learning and Sport Psychology (SCAPPS), and the Association for the Advancement of Applied Sport Psychology (AAASP). Dates of conferences are provided for each group. The formation of the Argentinian Society of Psychology Applied to Sport, and the Australian National Association for Physical Activity are highlighted.

In October 2004, the archival appraisal working group of the Association of German Archivists (Verband deutscher Archivarinnen und Archivare) presented a position paper outlining the present status of the debate on appraisal within the Federal Republic of Germany. What follows is an overview of this discussion as background and context for the group’s position paper; an examination of the common ground between appraisal as practised in Germany and macroappraisal as developed in Canada; and a glimpse at the future directions of this discussion in Germany. The position paper is appended to this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Small and medium sized enterprises are yet uncharted territory in terms of presenteeism. In addition, the Demand-Control-Support (DCS) and Siegrist's Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) models are proposed to predict stress-related health problems, but not for sickness behaviors such as presenteeism. Objective: This study aims to examine the relationships between psychosocial risk factors, presenteeism, mental and physical health in the context of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). This study also examines the moderating effect of company size on these associations. Methods: To test the association between psychosocial risks, presenteeism, and health, only people working in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) of between 2 and 199 employees were included in the sample, giving a total of 2,525 SME employees surveyed. To test the differences in exposure to psychosocial risk and presenteeism, and the moderating impact of size on the relationship between psychosocial risks, presenteeism, and health, we took the original sample (4608) of the EQCOTESST. Results: The results confirm the associations between job demands, social support and effort-reward imbalance, and presenteeism. Also, the associations between presenteeism and health problems in SMEs' context. Multi-group analyses show that the business's size does not moderate the strength of the relationships between psychosocial risks, presenteeism and health. Conclusion: The current study highlights that SMEs are somehow protected from certain psychosocial constraints such as high job demands, and low social support, but are more exposed to others such as effort-reward imbalance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to investigate the association between employees' perceptions of diversity training (DT) existence and effectiveness with organizational commitment (OC), and career satisfaction (CS). Design/methodology/approach - The analyses in this paper utilize survey data collected between 2006 and 2007 from over 11,000 managers, professionals, and executives working in nine large organizations in corporate Canada. The survey included questions about employees' perceptions of their work experiences and outcomes and their organizations' diversity practices. Comparisons of means as well as multivariate regression analyses were undertaken. Findings - The paper shows that employees who perceived DT to be effective were significantly more committed to their organizations and more satisfied with their careers than employees who perceived DT to be ineffective or non-existent. Research limitations/implications - The paper examines the linkages between DT, OS, and CS based on survey responses from managers, professionals, and executives. Findings may therefore not be applicable to entry level employees. Practical implications - DT, and in particular when viewed by employees to be effective, increases employees' OC and CS, which are associated with loyalty, lower turnover and higher employee engagement. Originality/value - The paper found that employees' OC and CS are highest when they perceived DT to be effective. Factors associated with OC and CS are explored based on employees' perceptions of the availability and effectiveness of DT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mental health researchers and practitioners alike have recognized that there are special considerations and challenges involved in diagnosing and treating mental illnesses in athletes. However, very few clinical psychologists and psychiatrists in Canada specialize in sport, representing a significant gap in mental health care service provision for this population. In this study, a group of expert sport and mental health stakeholders (n = 17) employed a Participatory Action Research approach to design a specialized sport-focused mental health care model integrated within the Canadian Centre for Mental Health in Sport (CCMHS). Stakeholders engaged in focus group discussions to perform an environmental scan of the Canadian sport and mental health care contexts that laid the foundation for a Group Concept Mapping (GCM) exercise. Using the Concepts Systems software, stakeholders individually produced statements that described the elements to include in a sport-specific mental health care model implemented within the CCMHS. A total of 106 unique statements were organized into 6 themed clusters, focusing on: (1) service delivery [40 statements], (2) communications and promotion [20 statements], (3) business, policy, and operations [19 statements], (4) partnerships [9 statements], (5) research [6 statements], and (6) education and training [6 statements]. These findings were operationalized to establish a sport-centered mental health care model and the CCMHS itself - the first Centre of its kind in Canada. GCM is seldom used to conduct sport research, thus the validity and reliability of this methodology was assessed. Lay Summary: In this study, 17 sport and mental health expert stakeholders participated in group concept mapping to design a sport-focused mental health care delivery model. The group produced 106 unique statements that were organized into six strategic priority areas and operationalized to establish the Canadian Centre for Mental Health and Sport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past 20 years, the federal government and universities across Canada have directed resources towards the development of university-based health promotion research centres. Researchers at health promotion research centres in Canada have produced peer-reviewed papers and policy documents based on their work, but no publications have emerged that focus on the specific roles of the health promotion research centres themselves. The purpose of this paper is to propose a framework, based on an in-depth examination of one centre, to help identify the unique roles of health promotion research centres and to clarify the value they add to promoting health and advancing university goals. Considering the shifting federal discourse on health promotion over time and the vulnerability of social and health sciences to changes in research funding priorities, health promotion research centres in Canada and elsewhere may need to articulate their unique roles and contributions in order to maintain a critical focus on health promotion research. The authors briefly describe the Atlantic Health Promotion Research Centre (AHPRC), propose a framework that illustrates six essential roles of health promotion research centres and describe the policy contexts and challenges of health promotion research centres. The analysis of research and knowledge translation activities over 15 years at AHPRC sheds light on the roles that health promotion research centres play in applied research. The conclusion raises questions regarding the value of university-based research centres and challenges to their sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite increasing interest in child sexual abuse occurring in organisations, the perpetration of such abuse by females is largely ignored. This study examined situational factors in 136 cases of sexual abuse perpetrated by women working with children in the UK, Canada and the USA between 2000 and 2016. Qualitative and quantitative content analysis of court reports, professional regulator decisions, media reports and an online sentencing database was used, findings indicating that situational and contextual factors are highly relevant in perpetration. Much abuse occurs away from the organisational environment, particularly in perpetrators' homes and cars, and in virtual environments. However, it also occurs within organisations, generally in unsupervised areas, outside of operating hours and often during mentoring/tutoring or extra-curricular activities. Organisational and local culture can be a facilitator in this abuse and allow it to continue even when concerns are raised. Practical prevention measures are suggested to assist in reducing future abuse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The British Columbia Paraplegic Association (BCPA) sought a research partnership to evaluate where its activities should be focused. A survey of members with disabilities of the BCPA included questions on employment and identified three priorities related to employment. These were the need for assistance in finding appropriate work, the impact of policies of government and insurance agencies, and attitudes of employers. This paper examines the social and political environment related to employment following spinal cord injury in British Columbia, Canada. There is no coherent set of goals underlying government employment and income programs in Canada. Incremental development of particular employment and income programs during the 20th century led to a patchwork of policies and programs, which deal with people differently according to the cause of their disability. Federal and provincial governments have attempted to educate employers and reduce barriers to employment of those with disabilities by focusing on anti-discrimination legislation and individual rights (e.g. the Employment Equity Act and the Canadian Human Rights Act). However, people with disabilities face non-accommodating environments, inadequate income support, lack of opportunities and little political influence which stem from an unfair distribution of societal resources, not from discrimination. Joint efforts of the BCPA and other disability organizations are likely to have the most impact on legislative changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Law & Society/Revue Canadienne Droit et Societe (University of Toronto Press) is the property of University of Toronto Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Historical Review is the property of University of Toronto Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Whereas social accounting has been strong in its critique of conventional accounting, to date it has not been as effective in developing accounting frameworks consistent with its principles. This is particularly true for nonprofit organizations. The costs of nonprofits can be easily measured; however, not captured by conventional accounting is the value of their nonmonetized resources such as volunteers. This paper argues that social accounting for nonprofits would benefit by creating accounting statements that combine the economic and social impact of an organization (referred to as an integrated approach). After discussing some historic examples of integrated social accounting, the paper presents a Canadian case study in which the value added by volunteers of a nonprofit organization is combined with its financial statements in an Expanded Value Added Statement. By combining social and economic information, a very different performance story of the organization emerges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to understand the nature of large-scale organizational change within amateur sport through the analysis of a merger between two hockey organizations. This study expands upon the research on Canadian national sport organizations established by Kikulis, Slack, and Hinings (1992) by identifying a new archetype-the Amateur Sport Enterprise. In particular, the study presents a case analysis of the 1994 merger between the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association and Hockey Canada to form the Canadian Hockey Association . The results of the qualitative case study revealed that, contrary to previous notions of archetype coherence, aspects of competing archetypes might coexist within an organizational form or, more specifically, within particular elements of an organizational form. The characteristics of the Amateur Sport Enterprise archetype are discussed and implications for future sport management research are addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Native Studies is the property of Brandon University, CJNS, Faculty of Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Public Policy is the property of University of Toronto Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Lien Social et Politiques is the property of Institut National de Recherche Scientifique (INRS) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article comments on the paper "Convergence in International Unionism, etc.: The Case of Canada and the USA," by Leo Troy in the March 1992 issue which argues that the commonly held belief that employer opposition to unionism and collective bargaining is more intense in the U.S. than in Canada, is erroneous. Troy criticizes the paper by Anil Verma and Mark Thomson entitled "Managerial strategies in Canada and the US in the 1980s," which was published in 1989 and focused on interviews with senior managers in seven industries in four provinces and declared that the respondents did not want to displace existing labor unions. Troy's argument that the respondents are not willing to state their true feelings regarding unions, is not true.

This paper investigates the characteristics of areas with numerous group homes (residential care facilities) that cater to a variety of user groups. An overview of patterns of locational concentration precedes the results of an ecological analysts for the Minor Planning Districts of the City of Toronto. The pattern of ecological correlates among the three group home types analyzed supports results obtained elsewhere, but cautions against referring ecological associations Identified for one sort of facility to other facility types. The conclusion questions the suitability of present areas of locational concentration of group homes as host environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Review for the Sociology of Sport is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Review for the Sociology of Sport is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article recalls the history of "The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry". The establishment of the publication by Doctor Rhodes Chalke as the scientific and professional voice of the Canadian Psychiatric Association, then still in its transition stage. The Journal was all-important to Rhodes, he was determined that it become a source of pride for Canadian psychiatrists an that it earn a place among international psychiatric publications. On the other hand, the Journal's policy of prioritizing contributions by Canadian authors was retained.

This paper presents a two-phased research project aiming to improve email triage for public administration managers. The first phase developed a typology of email classification patterns through a qualitative study involving 34 participants. Inspired by the fields of pragmatics and speech act theory, this typology comprising four top level categories and 13 subcategories represents the typical email triage behaviors of managers in an organizational context. The second study phase was conducted on a corpus of 1,703 messages using email samples of two managers. Using the k- NN ( k-nearest neighbor) algorithm, statistical treatments automatically classified the email according to lexical and nonlexical features representative of managers' triage patterns. The automatic classification of email according to the lexicon of the messages was found to be substantially more efficient when k = 2 and n = 2,000. For four categories, the average recall rate was 94.32%, the average precision rate was 94.50%, and the accuracy rate was 94.54%. For 13 categories, the average recall rate was 91.09%, the average precision rate was 84.18%, and the accuracy rate was 88.70%. It appears that a message's nonlexical features are also deeply influenced by email pragmatics. Features related to the recipient and the sender were the most relevant for characterizing email. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rationale, aims, and objectives: Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) endeavour to incorporate the best available research evidence together with the clinically informed opinions of leading experts in order to guide clinical practice when dealing with a given condition. There has been increased interest in CPGs that are evidence based and that promote best practice, a central component of which is incorporating the best available research predicated on strong study designs. Despite this soaring interest, there remains heterogeneity in the methodological quality of many CPGs, which may have an effect on the quality of services that clinicians offer. In light of this, this study examined the quality of the methodology used to develop two CPGs of the Canadian Psychiatric Association (CPA). Method: The CPA's guidelines for the management of anxiety disorders (2006) and for the treatment of depressive disorders (2001) were assessed by trained raters using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II Instrument scale. Results: The blind ratings of three trained raters demonstrated that the anxiety and depression CPGs had a number of strengths and important weaknesses. Conclusion: Implications for the development of future CPGs on anxiety and depression, including recommendations to improve guideline quality in psychiatry in particular, are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the text of a paper about origins and perspectives of the international representative read at the Nineteenth Annual Convention of the American Catholic Sociological Society at the Trinity College in Washington, D. C., on December 28-30, 1957. This paper is a discussion of a conceptual framework which has developed in connection with a study of the role of international representatives as a significant role in the American labor movement. The focus of the present discussion is on the role of international representatives as a non-professional role which is nevertheless capable of professionalization. This paper will further attempt to show that both short-run and long-run conditions affecting the trade union movement generally, and the role of international representatives in particular, require that this role become fully professionalized. The term "international representative" is employed in this discussion to signify the role of those officials who represent the international or national office at the local level. By an international office is meant the central office of a union having locals both in the U.S. and Canada.

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Criminology & Criminal Justice is the property of University of Toronto Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose – The purpose of this article is to discuss the implications of three lessons that leaders can learn from Canada geese to leadership and teamwork in organizations. Design/methodology/approach – Migratory behavior of Canada geese is compared to widespread behavior among leaders and teams in organizations. Findings – The first lesson is: work as a team: Canada Geese migrate long distances flying in V-formation. This formation results in lesser wind resistance, which allows the whole flock to add around 70 percent greater flying range than if each bird flew alone. Geese find out quickly that it pays handsomely to be team players. Second, wise leadership: when the leader at the apex of the V gets tired, it is relieved by another goose. Leaders rotate, empower, delegate, and even step down when it's in the best interest of the team. How often do we see this taking place among organizational leaders? Wise leaders ensure that their followers are well trained and developed in order to achieve true empowerment and smooth succession processes. Third, humane behavior: if a goose drops to the ground when it gets hurt or sick, two of its colleagues go down with it to take care of it until it either gets healthier or dies. In this fast-paced and competitive age, we seldom see managers going out of their way to help colleagues who are in trouble. In organizations, morale, productivity, and loyalty increase when employees are treated humanely. Originality/value – This paper discusses ways that leaders, teams, and organizations can improve performance by applying three lessons learned from Canada geese. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports exploratory data from a broader study that examines media representations of the voluntary sector in Canada. It specifically identifies the resources and organizational attributes of Canadian voluntary groups that appear to be important for receiving mainstream news coverage. The data identifies four sets of characteristics of more than 500 voluntary organizations: demographic variables, association type, noneconomic resources, and economic expenditures. These characteristics are examined in terms of their relationship to news coverage. The data suggest that area of activity is significantly related to the amount of media attention that organizations receive. However, the amount of media attention that an organization receives is most strongly influenced by its yearly budget. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to both current debates about advocacy in the voluntary sector and important contextual developments that are transforming the communication environment in which charities and nonprofit organizations in Canada operate. We also draw comparisons to news coverage of the voluntary sector in other liberal democratic countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The present paper aims to: (i) describe how the Mental Health Commission in New Zealand works and has contributed to the substantial enhancement of mental health resources and services; (ii) determine whether mental health reform policies will ever be implemented properly without an independent monitor with official influence at the highest levels of government; and (iii) demonstrate how variants on this model work in other Western countries and how it can be adapted to the Federated system in Australia.Conclusions: It is recommended that the Australian National Mental Health Plan 2003-2008 should be complemented by a long-standing national mental health commission (or similarly constituted body), which is also able to report independently from and to the government, with direct access to the Prime Minister, Premiers and Australian Health Ministers. Its aims would be to monitor service effectiveness and identify gaps in service provision, training and performance of the work force, management and government. It would be informed by consumer, carer and provider experience, and by reviews of evidence-based research regarding health needs and cost-effective services. It should accurately cost such service gaps, and advise government on a strategy for implementing them. It could also promote and advise formally on enhancing community awareness, decreasing stigma and discrimination and improving workforce recruitment and retention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This section discusses articles and issues which reflect the attempt to assess and evaluate important aspects of the publishing record in Canadian sociology during the last millennium as important reflections of the evolution of the discipline in Canada during the last century. In one of the classic documents of Canadian sociology, Everett Hughes suggested that sociology in this country should be framed by what he called the more-so principle, that is, what are the features of Canadian life from which we would learn more about as an aspect of society that we would not learn about as much elsewhere. He suggested that sociology in Canada had to be rooted in and must begin with its own societal context. Thus it can be concluded that as the societal context changes, Canadian sociology itself should reflect both the unique aspects of the society's character as well as the evolution of the society. The occasion of the twenty-fifth anniversary of the Canadian Sociology and Anthropology Association provided a significant opportunity for sociologists in Canada to reflect on their organizational history and the practice of their craft in Canada. The results of this work is contained in an article by William K. Carroll, Linda Christensen-Ruffman, Raymond F. Currie, and Deborah Harrison.

The article provides information related to by-laws and rules of the Canadian Society of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. The Society is formed for the following and other purposes as set out in the Letters Patent incorporating the Society issued by the Minister of Consumer and Corporate Affairs, Dominion of Canada, on February 15, 1978, as follows: (1) The study of otolaryngological problems in relation to public health and welfare; (2) To facilitate for its members the means of acquiring fuller knowledge of their profession by professional meetings and by the publication of articles and papers relative to the science, practice, and teaching of otolaryngology; (3) To encourage through bursaries or other form of grant support for original work or research in otolaryngology.

Voluntary self-exclusion (VSE) programs enable problem gamblers to engage in a break from casino-based gambling. The current study analyzed the effects of a VSE program in British Columbia, Canada on problem gambling symptoms and the comparative reductions in problem gambling symptoms when participants abstained from gambling, continued to participate in non-casino based gambling, or attempted to violate their exclusion contract. 269 participants completed two telephone interviews over a 6-month period. Participants were administered the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI). Substantial reductions in PGSI scores were observed after 6 months. Program violators had significantly smaller PGSI Difference Scores by Time 2 compared to those who continued to gamble outside of the casino and those who completely abstained from all gambling. There were no significant differences between those who gambled informally and those who abstained. A multiple regression identified that while access to counselling and length of enrollment also contributed to the reduction in PGSI scores, violation attempts were most strongly associated with smaller reductions in symptoms of problem gambling. These results imply that some gamblers can successfully engage in non-casino based forms of gambling and still experience reductions in symptoms of problem gambling. Future analyses will explore characteristics associated with group membership that may help to identify which participants can successfully engage in non-casino based gambling without re-triggering symptoms of problem gambling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article comments on the paper "Convergence in International Unionism, etc.: The Case of Canada and the USA," by Leo Troy in the March 1992 issue which argues that differences in industrial relations systems have resulted in convergent union trends, rather than divergent trends as claimed by most researchers. However, the existence of convergence is not supported by Troy's disaggregated data. Union membership information cannot be as accurate and consistent over time as Troy assumes it to be. Moreover, Troy fails to consider the difference between the effect on union density of the growth of the workforce, net membership increases through new organizing, and reduction in membership due to declining employment in companies with unions.

James A. Teit (1864–1922) is known mainly for his anthropological work among the Aboriginal peoples of south‐central British Columbia. Few are aware that he was also involved in an early Native political movement. From 1908 until 1922 Teit assisted a large community of predominantly monolingual Native leaders to negotiate in the Euro‐Canadian political domain. Evidence of this collaboration exists In the documents—letters, petitions, declarations, and position papers—that survive from this period. These documents stand today not only as a record of Teit's—and his Native contemporaries'—political commitment but also as ethnographic texts worthy of study in their own right. Unlike the traditional ethnography of the period which focuses mainly on an idealized pre‐contact past, these documents draw attention to a highly charged political present. This article highlights the contents of the documents, as well as Teit's role in their production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is important for firms to be able to adopt technologies that offer them competitive advantage. Before adoption can occur, knowledge about new technologies needs to be diffused so that firms can decide what is relevant to their needs. Professional associations see themselves as key agents in this diffusion of knowledge. Members of professional associations working in industry may act as boundary spanners who, through their involvement in these interorganizational networks, are able to learn about new technological developments. This paper examines the relevance of a professional association for this diffusion process, using the example of a specific technological domain - production and inventory control (PlC). The research investigated a professional PlC association in Canada. A survey of members revealed that this association was perceived to be an important network for learning about new developments in PlC. Predictors of technological innovation in PlC included involvement in the professional development activities of this professional association, as well as firm size and members' communication within their firm. The findings support the idea that professional associations impart knowledge that is important for the diffusion of technology. However, the influence of this professional association was limited by its rather small size and its lack of penetration into small firms. The results from the Canadian association are compared with earlier work conducted with similar associations in Britain and the United States and suggest that there are national differences in the roles of these associations in the knowledge diffusion process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]