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This paper explores the different insider employee-led cyber frauds (IECF) based on the recent large-scale fraud events of prominent Indian banking institutions. Examining the different types of fraud and appropriate control measures will protect the banking industry from fraudsters. In this study, we identify and classify Cyber Fraud (CF), map the severity of the fraud on a scale of priority, test the mitigation effectiveness, and propose optimal mitigation measures. The identification and classification of CF losses were based on a literature review and focus group discussions with risk and vigilance officers and cyber cell experts. The CF was analyzed using secondary data. We predicted and prioritized CF based on machine learning-derived Random Forest (RF). An efficient fraud mitigation model was developed based on an offender-victim-centric approach. Mitigation is advised both before and after fraud occurs. Through the findings of this research, banks and fraud investigators can prevent CF by detecting it quickly and controlling it on time. This study proposes a structured, sustainable CF mitigation plan that protects banks, employees, regulators, customers, and the economy, thus saving time, resources, and money. Further, these mitigation measures will improve the reputation of the Indian banking industry and ensure its survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deficits in social verbal communication in individuals with Social Communication Disorder (SCD) is of concern and SCD in the human community is prevalent in large population throughout the globe. Deficits in verbal social communication are prevalent in a large population. This paper aimed to propose internet connected multi-system architecture which is capable to support verbal communication in a social environment for individuals with social communication deficits. Implementation methodology was included with corpus collection for specific communication, deep learning based machine training for intelligent communication, and implementation of the trained algorithm on internet connected electronic multiple social communication devices. The implemented system is smart enough to initiate and maintain two types of communication; the first type includes communication between multiple individuals on the remote location and the second type includes communication with the individual present in the physical listening range. The system was investigated in terms of its algorithmic parameters and found 97% to 100% in terms of training and testing accuracy with negligible mean squared error. Vocal-Friend analysed results based on audio-bot simulative conditions provide more than 91% accuracy, interaction rate and fallback rate. On the basis of the satisfaction analysis, above average results were noticed. In terms of technical implementations and satisfaction analysis, results found acceptable with above average score. Proposed framework is easy to use by caregivers with even having little knowledge. Support individual with deficit to learn social verbal communication skill to survive in society. Aiding parents, caregivers and professionals to understand the communication needs of individuals with communication deficits. Since technology is also grooming in the domain of rehabilitation, so this system could be used in various future applications such as social robots, social virtual assistants etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The road is the most commonly used means of transportation and serves as a country's arteries, so it is extremely important to keep the roads in good condition. Potholes that happen to appear in the road must be repaired to keep the road in good condition. Spotting potholes on the road is difficult, especially in a country like India where roads stretch millions of kilometres across the country. Therefore, there is a need to automate the identification of potholes with high speed and real-time precision. YOLOX is an object detection algorithm and our main goal of this article is to train and analyse the YOLOX model for pothole detection. The YOLOX model is trained with a pothole dataset and the results obtained are analysed by calculating the accuracy, recall and size of the model which is then compared to other YOLO algorithms. The experimental results in this article show that the YOLOX-Nano model predicts potholes with higher accuracy compared to other models while having low computational costs. We were able to achieve an Average Precision (AP) value of 85.6% from training the model and the total size of the model is 7.22 MB. The pothole detection capabilities of the newly developed YOLOX algorithm have never been tested before and this paper is one of the first to detect potholes using the YOLOX object detection algorithm. The research conducted in this paper will help reduce costs and increase the speed of pothole identification and will be of great help in road maintenance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic wounds are associated with significant clinical, economic and quality‐of‐life burden. Despite the variety of wound imaging systems available in the market for wound assessment and surveillance, few are clinically validated among patients of Asian ethnicity. We aimed to clinically validate the accuracy of a smartphone wound application (Tissue Analytics [TA], Net Health Systems Inc, Florida, USA), versus conventional wound measurements (visual approximation and paper rulers), in patients of Asian ethnicity with venous leg ulcers (VLU). A prospective cohort study of patients presenting with VLU to a specialist wound nurse clinic over a 5‐week duration was conducted. Each patient received seven wound measurements: one by a trained wound nurse clinician, and three separate wound measurements using TA on each of the iOS and Android operating systems. Inter‐rater and intra‐rater reliability between clinical and TA‐based measurements were analysed using intra‐class correlation statistics, with values of <0.5, 0.5 to 0.75, 0.75 to 0.9, and >0.9 indicating poor, moderate, good and excellent reliability, respectively. 82 patients (51% males), with a mean age at 65.8 years, completed the 5‐week study duration. 25 (30%) had underlying diabetes mellitus. Chinese, Malay and Indian ethnicity comprised 68%, 12% and 11%, respectively. The VLU healed in 26 (32%) of patients within the study period. In total, 358 wound episodes with 2334 wound images were analysed. Inter‐rater reliability for length, width and area between wound nurse measurements and TA application measurements was good (range 0.799‐0.919, P < 0.001). Separate measurements of intra‐rater reliability for length, width and area within the iOS or Android systems were excellent (range 0.967‐0.985 and range 0.977‐0.984 respectively, P < 0.001). Inter‐rater reliability between TA used on the iOS and Android systems was also excellent (0.987‐0.989, P < 0.001). Tissue Analytics, a smartphone wound application, is a useful adjunct for wound assessment and surveillance in VLU patients of Asian ethnicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Few studies on single-frame super-resolution (SFSR) exist for real-world hyperspectral images due to fewer training samples and paucity of freely available high-resolution ground truth for validation. Consequently, a user relies on the simulated results from test datasets. This gap is filled by super-resolving real-time Hyperion and PRISMA data of Ahmedabad in India and introducing a structure of comparing and validating super-resolved outputs. Proposing open-source panchromatic and multispectral data as visual examination references, the first-ever SFSR results on PRISMA are presented. Findings suggest reconstruction-based SFSR algorithm outperforms at scale factors (SFs) 2 and 4 for Hyperion and SFs 2, 3 and 4 for PRISMA. The hybrid SFSR algorithm stands out at SF 3 for Hyperion. External dictionaries utilized by learning-based SFSR algorithms experience degradation with increasing spatial resolution. Although image quality declines slightly at higher SFs, out of the chosen algorithms, reconstruction and hybrid-based algorithms outperform learning-based algorithms in producing enhanced spatial and spectral fidelity outputs in the present case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ability to exploit students' sentiments using different machine learning techniques is considered an important strategy for planning and manoeuvring in a collaborative educational environment. The advancement of machine learning technology is energised by the healthy growth of big data technologies. This helps the applications based on Sentiment Mining (SM) using big data to become a common platform for data mining activities. However, very little has been studied on the sentiment application using a huge amount of available educational data. Therefore, this paper has made an attempt to mine the academic data using different efficient machine learning algorithms. The contribution of this paper is two-fold: (i) studying the sentiment polarity (positive, negative and neutral) from students' data using machine learning techniques, and (ii) modelling and predicting students' emotions (Amused, Anxiety, Bored, Confused, Enthused, Excited, Frustrated, etc.) using the big data frameworks. The developed SM techniques using big data frameworks can be scaled and made adaptable for source variation, velocity and veracity to maximise value mining for the benefit of students, faculties and other stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Any business that opts to adopt a recommender engine (RE) for various potential benefits must choose from the candidate solutions, by matching to the task of interest and domain. The purpose of this paper is to choose RE that fits best from a set of candidate solutions using rule-based automated machine learning (ML) approach. The objective is to draw trustworthy conclusion, which results in brand building, and establishing a reliable relation with customers and undeniably to grow the business. Design/methodology/approach: An experimental quantitative research method was conducted in which the ML model was evaluated with diversified performance metrics and five RE algorithms by combining offline evaluation on historical and simulated movie data set, and the online evaluation on business-alike near-real-time data set to uncover the best-fitting RE. Findings: The rule-based automated evaluation of RE has changed the testing landscape, with the removal of longer duration of manual testing and not being comprehensive. It leads to minimal manual effort with high-quality results and can possibly bring a new revolution in the testing practice to start a service line "Machine Learning Testing as a service" (MLTaaS) and the possibility of integrating with DevOps that can specifically help agile team to ship a fail-safe RE evaluation product targeting SaaS (software as a service) or cloud deployment. Research limitations/implications: A small data set was considered for A/B phase study and was captured for ten movies from three theaters operating in a single location in India, and simulation phase study was captured for two movies from three theaters operating from the same location in India. The research was limited to Bollywood and Ollywood movies for A/B phase, and Ollywood movies for simulation phase. Practical implications: The best-fitting RE facilitates the business to make personalized recommendations, long-term customer loyalty forecasting, predicting the company's future performance, introducing customers to new products/services and shaping customer's future preferences and behaviors. Originality/value: The proposed rule-based ML approach named "2-stage locking evaluation" is self-learned, automated by design and largely produces time-bound conclusive result and improved decision-making process. It is the first of a kind to examine the business domain and task of interest. In each stage of the evaluation, low-performer REs are excluded which leads to time-optimized and cost-optimized solution. Additionally, the combination of offline and online evaluation methods offer benefits, such as improved quality with self-learning algorithm, faster time to decision-making by significantly reducing manual efforts with end-to-end test coverage, cognitive aiding for early feedback and unattended evaluation and traceability by identifying the missing test metrics coverage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

False information is becoming more frequent in distributing disinformation by distorting people's awareness and decision-making by altering their views or knowledge. The propagation of disinformation has been aided by the proliferation of social media and online forums. Allowing it to readily blend in with true information. Parody news and rumors are the most common types of misleading and unverified information, and they should be caught as soon as possible to avoid their disastrous consequences. As a result, in recent years, there has been a surge in interest in effective detection approaches. For this study, a customized dataset was built that included both real and parody tweets from Pakistan and India. This study proposes a two-step strategy for detecting parody tweets. In the first stage of the approach the unstructured data is converted into structured data set. In the second step, multiple supervised artificial intelligence algorithms were employed. An experimental assessment of the different classification methods inside a customized dataset was undertaken in this study, and these classification models were compared using evaluation metrics. Our results showed accuracy of 92%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Blood-based biomarkers for diagnosing active tuberculosis (TB), monitoring treatment response, and predicting risk of progression to TB disease have been reported. However, validation of the biomarkers across multiple independent cohorts is scarce. A robust platform to validate TB biomarkers in different populations with clinical end points is essential to the development of a point-of-care clinical test. NanoString nCounter technology is an amplification-free digital detection platform that directly measures mRNA transcripts with high specificity. Here, we determined whether NanoString could serve as a platform for extensive validation of candidate TB biomarkers. Methods The NanoString platform was used for performance evaluation of existing TB gene signatures in a cohort in which signatures were previously evaluated on an RNA-seq dataset. A NanoString codeset that probes 107 genes comprising 12 TB signatures and 6 housekeeping genes (NS-TB107) was developed and applied to total RNA derived from whole blood samples of TB patients and individuals with latent TB infection (LTBI) from South India. The TBSignatureProfiler tool was used to score samples for each signature. An ensemble of machine learning algorithms was used to derive a parsimonious biomarker. Results Gene signatures present in NS-TB107 had statistically significant discriminative power for segregating TB from LTBI. Further analysis of the data yielded a NanoString 6-gene set (NANO6) that when tested on 10 published datasets was highly diagnostic for active TB. Conclusions The NanoString nCounter system provides a robust platform for validating existing TB biomarkers and deriving a parsimonious gene signature with enhanced diagnostic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article addresses the void in developing analytical methods concerning to design urban configurations that could reduce fire risks, and, thus, could help in achieving sustainable goals. A novel algorithm is developed to generate alternative Urban Built Form (UBF) models that could be less susceptible to fire compared to the existing built-form. Fire susceptibility of a generated UBF is predicted using a developed linear regression model. The algorithm considers existing regulations to derive rules and develop scenarios that might be effective in building fire-resilient cities. The outcomes of the simulations showed a significant decrease in the fire susceptibility of the southern region of Mumbai city. Moreover, for a certain simulated scenario the predicted UBF could accommodate twice the current population while being less susceptible than the existing UBF. The proposed techniques and methods can act as a decision-making tool in taking pre-emptive planning measures to develop fire resilient cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Dengue is generally spreading the endemic zones for atmosphere zones. In a whole world, transmitted to an individual by an Aedes Aegyptus mosquito, dengue load in India is expanding at an upsetting rate. The commitments of expanded versatility, both vector and human populaces, urbanization and atmosphere changes are the most critical factors to clarify the expanding episode of dengue. Generally, the different calculations looked at, it was wasteful to evaluate the exactness for early dengue illness expectation. The recommended framework is to build up an application for Smart Prognosis Dengue (SPD) Model for AI development to foresee constant Dengue illness. It will continue with unmistakable AI approaches going from basic classifiers like Decision Tree, Logistic Regression. Thus, the Logistic Regression Algorithm gives the most extreme exactness precision will analyse for the dengue expectation. By utilizing both the equipment and programming setup, it joins the AI ideas with the expectation calculation and furthermore gives the framework can be altered to produce risk alert and area explicit forecasts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have attempted to reproduce the results in Development and validation of a deep learning algorithm for detection of diabetic retinopathy in retinal fundus photographs, published in JAMA 2016; 316(22), using publicly available data sets. We re-implemented the main method in the original study since the source code is not available. The original study used non-public fundus images from EyePACS and three hospitals in India for training. We used a different EyePACS data set from Kaggle. The original study used the benchmark data set Messidor-2 to evaluate the algorithm's performance. We used another distribution of the Messidor-2 data set, since the original data set is no longer available. In the original study, ophthalmologists re-graded all images for diabetic retinopathy, macular edema, and image gradability. We have one diabetic retinopathy grade per image for our data sets, and we assessed image gradability ourselves. We were not able to reproduce the original study's results with publicly available data. Our algorithm's area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.951 (95% CI, 0.947-0.956) on the Kaggle EyePACS test set and 0.853 (95% CI, 0.835-0.871) on Messidor-2 did not come close to the reported AUC of 0.99 on both test sets in the original study. This may be caused by the use of a single grade per image, or different data. This study shows the challenges of reproducing deep learning method results, and the need for more replication and reproduction studies to validate deep learning methods, especially for medical image analysis. Our source code and instructions are available at: . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reference evapotranspiration (ET0) plays a fundamental role in irrigated agriculture. The objective of this study is to simulate monthly ET0 at a meteorological station in India using a new method, an improved support vector machine (SVM) based on the cuckoo algorithm (CA), which is known as SVM-CA. Maximum temperature, minimum temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and sunshine hours were selected as inputs for the models used in the simulation. The results of the simulation using SVM-CA were compared with those from experimental models, genetic programming (GP), model tree (M5T) and the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). The achieved results demonstrate that the proposed SVM-CA model is able to simulate ET0 more accurately than the GP, M5T and ANFIS models. Two major indicators, namely, root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE), indicated that the SVM-CA outperformed the other methods with respective reductions of 5–15% and 5–17% compared with the GP model, 12–21% and 10–22% compared with the M5T model, and 7–15% and 5–18% compared with the ANFIS model, respectively. Therefore, the proposed SVM-CA model has high potential for accurate simulation of monthly ET0 values compared with the other models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There are limited data on the use of artificial intelligence methods for the diagnosis of dementia in epidemiological studies in low- and middle-income country (LMIC) settings. A culture and education fair battery of cognitive tests was developed and validated for population based studies in low- and middle-income countries including India by the 10/66 Dementia Research Group.Aims: We explored the machine learning methods based on the 10/66 battery of cognitive tests for the diagnosis of dementia based in a birth cohort study in South India.Methods: The data sets for 466 men and women for this study were obtained from the on-going Mysore Studies of Natal effect of Health and Ageing (MYNAH), in south India. The data sets included: demographics, performance on the 10/66 cognitive function tests, the 10/66 diagnosis of mental disorders and population based normative data for the 10/66 battery of cognitive function tests. Diagnosis of dementia from the rule based approach was compared against the 10/66 diagnosis of dementia. We have applied machine learning techniques to identify minimal number of the 10/66 cognitive function tests required for diagnosing dementia and derived an algorithm to improve the accuracy of dementia diagnosis.Results: Of 466 subjects, 27 had 10/66 diagnosis of dementia, 19 of whom were correctly identified as having dementia by Jrip classification with 100% accuracy.Conclusions: This pilot exploratory study indicates that machine learning methods can help identify community dwelling older adults with 10/66 criterion diagnosis of dementia with good accuracy in a LMIC setting such as India. This should reduce the duration of the diagnostic assessment and make the process easier and quicker for clinicians, patients and will be useful for 'case' ascertainment in population based epidemiological studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]