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Introduction: Since the beginning of the COVID-19 epidemic in Iran, several electronic registration systems have been created to record the data of infected patients. This narrative review aimed to investigate the articles that described the COVID-19 electronic registry systems designed and implemented in Iran. Methods: In this review, four electronic databases [Medline (accessed from PubMed), Scopus, Science Direct, and Web of Science] were searched till June 22, 2020, using specific MeSH terms and related keywords in English language. Considering the titles and abstracts, unrelated studies were excluded. The full texts of the remained studies were evaluated by authors, independently. Then, their findings were assessed and reported. Results: Finally, four articles were enrolled, introducing four COVID-19 registries. These registries were designed and launched by Isfahan, Shiraz, Tehran, and Ilam Universities of Medical Sciences. They were different in design, the used algorithms for patients’ management, recorded data, and methods of quality assurance. Conclusion: Considering the differences between various registry systems designed for COVID-19 in Iran, it is recommended to develop a single web-based registry system by the Iran Ministry of Health and Medical Education to register and follow up the patients with COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydropower is essential for global electricity production, but it consumes water by evaporation from the reservoir surface. Here, a new approach is introduced in relation to modelling the water footprint of electricity (WFe) from hydropower. Two of the most important variables in calculating the WFe are volume of evaporation (EV) and electricity production (EP). In this study, the random forest (RF) model was used to predict both EV and EP. For analysing hybrid models, wavelet transform was used and wavelet RF (WRF) models were developed. After decomposing the input variables by wavelet transform, the relief algorithm (RA) was used to recognize important components and inserted into the RF model. The proposed approach was applied at Mahabad Hydropower in Iran. The results suggest that applying the wavelet transform on input data and using algorithms such as RA can be regarded as a good approach for modelling of EV and EP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The railroad blocking problem (RBP) is an important decision for freight railroad companies. The objective of this problem is to minimize the costs of delivering all commodities by deciding which interyard blocks to build and specifying the assignment of commodities to these blocks. In this paper, a mathematical model is presented for the RBP on Iran Railways. Its decision variables identify blocking scheme and demand assignment to these blocks. The RBP in medium and large sizes is not solvable with any commercial software available in the market. Therefore, a solution method based on tabu search algorithm is proposed for the suggested model. For evaluating the proposed algorithm, several simulated test problems are randomly generated and solved. The obtained results on the test problems are compared with those of solutions generated by CPLEX software. The comparison shows high efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. The proposed model and solution method are applied to build a blocking plan for the Iranian railway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A common method for assessing the energy potential of hydropower systems in Iran is the sequential streamflow routing with control on the energy-yield reliability. The method results in developing a reliability-based simulation (RBS) model that is used to analyze single-reservoir hydropower systems. In most of the cascade hydropower systems in the country, a single-reservoir RBS model is usually employed in the design and operation of each of the systems reservoirs. This paper presents a multireservoir RBS model considering the integrated operation of the systems. The model employs the general algorithm of the single-reservoir RBS model; however, with a single-period optimization submodel in determining releases from reservoirs during the system simulation. The objective function of the submodels minimizes the sum of reservoir releases and/or maximizes the sum of reservoir storages in each of the time periods, subject to a reliability constraint on the system’s energy yield. The single and multireservoir RBS models are applied in the Khersan hydropower system located in Iran as a case study. The multireservoir RBS, compared to the single-reservoir model, results in 7.9% excess firm-energy yield in reliability of 90%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prediction of daily evaporation has an important role in reservoir management, regional water planning and evaluation of drinking-water supplies. The main purpose of this study was to assess different types of mother wavelet as activation functions instead of commonly used sigmoid for finding the main differences in the results of daily pan evaporation prediction in the Lar synoptic station. So, using conjunction of wavelet theory and multilayer perceptron (MLP) network, two mother Wavelets named Mexican Hat and polyWOG1 are considered for developing hybrid WNNs. The algorithms were trained and tested using a 6-year data record (1999 daily values) from 2005/01/01 to 2010/09/01. Instead of using common sigmoid activation functions in MLP network, wavelet function was applied to construct the wavelet neural network. Results show that Mexican hat wavelet neural network in the best topology presents 98.35 % accuracy in training phase and 96.04 % in testing and PolyWOG1 wavelet neural network in the best topology presents 95.92 % accuracy in training phase and 91.03 % in testing of model. In the MLP model with standard sigmoid function results were 90.6 % in training and 87.63 % in testing. Comparison of WNN and MLP shows that Mexican hat mother wavelet could have better accuracy in the daily pan evaporation modeling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Of several brick tomb towers constructed at Maragha in western Iran before the Mongol conquests, one in particular, Gonbad-e Qabud (593 H. / 1196-97 C.E.), has generated significant recent attention for its unique patterns with pentagons and decagons. Gonbad-e Qabud is also unusual in having a decagonal plan. While both plan and decoration distinguish it from earlier and later towers at Maragha and elsewhere on the Iranian plateau, the ornamental patterns follow a long line of experimentation with geometric expressions that grace many pre-Mongol buildings in Iran. This article examines in particular the overlapping polygons and radial symmetries of the tympanum of the cubic Gonbad-e Sork (542 H. / 1148 C.E.) at Maragha, and the pentagons and squares of the tympanum of the later octagonal tomb tower (486 H. / 1093 C.E.) nearby at Kharraqan. Drawing from archival sources (plans, elevations, photographs), analysis of plane patterns, and comparative architectural data, this article reevaluates the cultural significance of Gonbad-e Qabud, seeking to situate it within the histories of mathematics, architecture, and the arts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]