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Research on high‐efficiency and cost‐efficient catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is still a vital but challenging issue for commercializing metal–air batteries. Herein, a single‐molecule/atom hybrid catalyst is developed to boost the ORR, in which iron phthalocyanine molecules containing molecular Fe─N4 moieties couple with atomic Co─N4 sites on the surface of polyhedral carbon. Density functional theory calculations reveal that face‐to‐face laminated construction of Fe─N4 and Co─N4 in the hybrid catalyst can effectively modulate the electronic structure of active iron atoms and reduce the energy barrier of the rate‐determining step for ORR. As a result, this hybrid catalyst demonstrates excellent ORR performance, featuring a half‐wave potential of 0.904 V, a peak power density of 238.3 mW cm−2 for zinc–air battery, and outstanding electrocatalytic stability. This work offers a distinctive and robust molecular/atomic engineering approach to creating efficient electrocatalysts, advancing the fields of metal–air batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Remote limb conditioning (RLC), performed by intermittent interruption of blood flow to a limb, triggers endogenous tolerance mechanisms and improves stroke outcomes. The underlying mechanism for the protective effect involves a shift of circulating monocytes to a Ly6CHigh proinflammatory subset in normal metabolic conditions. The current study investigates the effect of RLC on stroke outcomes in subjects with obesity, a vascular comorbidity. Compared to lean mice, obese stroke mice displayed significantly higher circulating monocytes (monocytosis), increased CD45High monocytes/macrophages infiltration to the injured brain, worse acute outcomes, and delayed recovery. Unlike lean mice, obese mice with RLC at 2 hours post-stroke failed to shift circulating monocytes to pro-inflammatory status and nullified RLC-induced functional benefit. The absence of the monocyte shift was also observed in splenocytes incubated with RLC serum from obese mice, while the shift was observed in the cultures with RLC serum from lean mice. These results showed that the alteration of monocytosis and subsets underlies negating RLC benefits in obese mice and suggest careful considerations of comorbidities at the time of RLC application for stroke therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biological systems are composed of hierarchical structures made of a large number of proteins. These structures are highly sophisticated and challenging to replicate using artificial synthesis methods. To exploit these structures in materials science, biotemplating is used to achieve biocomposites that accurately mimic biological structures and impart functionality of inorganic materials, including electrical conductivity. However, the biological scaffolds used in previous studies are limited to stereotypical and simple morphologies with little synthetic diversity because of a lack of control over their morphologies. This study proposes that the specific protein assemblies within the cell‐derived extracellular matrix (ECM), whose morphological features are widely tailorable, can be employed as versatile biotemplates. In a typical procedure, a fibrillar assembly of fibronectin—a constituent protein of the ECM—is metalized through an antibody‐guided biotemplating approach. Specifically, the antibody‐bearing nanogold is attached to the fibronectin through antibody–antigen interactions, and then metals are grown on the nanogold acting as a seed. The biomimetic structure can be adapted for hydrogen production and sensing after improving its electrical conductivity through thermal sintering or additional metal growth. This study demonstrates that cell‐derived ECM can be an attractive option for addressing the diversity limitation of a conventional biotemplate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the article "Metallization of Targeted Protein Assemblies in Cell-Derived Extracellular Matrix by Antibody-Guided Biotemplating," Il-Doo Kim, Jae-Byum Chang, and their colleagues present a new method for creating an electrically conductive cell-derived extracellular matrix (ECM). This metalized ECM imitates the protein fibronectin and can conduct electricity through sintering or additional metal growth. The fibrous structure inherited from fibronectin allows the metalized ECM to excel in hydrogen production and sensing. The authors of the article are Chang Woo Song, Jaewan Ahn, Insung Yong, Nakhyun Kim, Chan E Park, Sein Kim, Sung-Yoon Chung, Pilnam Kim, Il-Doo Kim, and Jae-Byum Chang. [Extracted from the article]

To address the problem of the serious capacity fading in lithium–sulfur batteries, a multi‐functional PEO(polyethylene oxide)/LiFSI (lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide)/PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) (PLP) gel polymer electrolyte is exploited by coating PLP on a carbon nanotubes (CNTs) based sulfur cathode (PLP‐S/CNTs) with a controlled thermal annealing process. The annealing process leads to the conformal infusion of PLP through the matrix of S/CNTs with retaining the amorphous phase of the PLP, which enhance the rate performance compared to the bare S/CNTs. The PLP coating drives the transformation of more elemental sulfur to Li2S2/Li2S without forming intermediary product by restraining soluble‐polysulfides formation. Furthermore, the PLP coating successfully inhibits the dissolution of Li2Sx (x > 4) in PEO and prevents the loss of active material in the cathode, which is confirmed by density functional theory calculations. Comprehensively, the PLP coating applied to the surface of the S/CNTs cathode exhibit significantly suppressed shuttle effect and greatly improve long‐term cycle stability of the lithium–sulfur battery. The synthesized PLP‐coated S/CNTs composite cathode demonstrates a high specific capacity of 573.6 mAh g−1 at a current density of 0.5 C after 1 000 cycles, even achieving 318.1 mAh g−1 at an extremely high C‐rate (6 C). which is unprecedented performance among the reported studies on coating technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: Flash-induced porous graphene (FPG) was synthesized via a broad-spectrum flash lamp that induced synergistic photo-effects between ultraviolet and visible-near-infrared wavelengths, resulting in large-area synthesis in just a few milliseconds. A hollow pillar graphene with low sheet resistance of 18 Ω sq−1 was produced, exhibiting low density (0.0354 g cm−3) and outstanding absolute electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of 1.12 × 105 dB cm2 g−1. A lightweight, flexible, and high-throughput FPG is applied for electromagnetic interference shielding of a drone radar system and the human body. Porous 2D materials with high conductivity and large surface area have been proposed for potential electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials in future mobility and wearable applications to prevent signal noise, transmission inaccuracy, system malfunction, and health hazards. Here, we report on the synthesis of lightweight and flexible flash-induced porous graphene (FPG) with excellent EMI shielding performance. The broad spectrum of pulsed flashlight induces photo-chemical and photo-thermal reactions in polyimide films, forming 5 × 10 cm2-size porous graphene with a hollow pillar structure in a few milliseconds. The resulting material demonstrated low density (0.0354 g cm−3) and outstanding absolute EMI shielding effectiveness of 1.12 × 105 dB cm2 g−1. The FPG was characterized via thorough material analyses, and its mechanical durability and flexibility were confirmed by a bending cycle test. Finally, the FPG was utilized in drone and wearable applications, showing effective EMI shielding performance for internal/external EMI in a drone radar system and reducing the specific absorption rate in the human body. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), featuring ordered nanopores with numerous accessible redox sites, have drawn much attention as promising electrode materials for rechargeable batteries. Thus far, however, COF‐based battery electrodes have exhibited limited capacity and unsatisfactory cycling stability due to the unwanted side reactions over their large surface area. Herein, a fluorine‐rich covalent organic framework (F‐COF) as an electrode material with improved stability and performance for potassium‐ion batteries is developed. The fluorinated COF not only stabilizes intercalation kinetics of K+ ions but also reinforces its electron affinity and conductivity, improving the reversibility of bond transitions during discharge–charge cycles. As a result, F‐COF affords a high specific capacity (95 mAh g−1 at fast rates up to 5 C) and excellent cycling stability (5000 cycles with ≈99.7% capacity retention), outperforming the pristine COF‐based electrodes devoid of F atoms. Notably, the experimental capacity of F‐COF approaches its theoretical value, confirming that a large proportion of electroactive sites are being actively utilized. Altogether, this work addresses the significant role of F atoms in improving the K+‐ion storage capability of COFs and provides the rational design principles for the continued development of stable and high‐performance organic electrode materials for energy storage devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have attracted significant interest as gas‐sensing materials due to their unique crystal structure and surface. However, there are still issues when it comes to expanding the types of sensing gases for the TMD gas sensors. To extend gas‐sensing selectivity for the TMD gas sensors in this study, a monolayer (ML) 2D metal–organic framework (MOF) is introduced on top of the PtSe2 gas sensor, thereby tuning the major sensing analyte of PtSe2 from NO2 to H2S. Density functional theory calculations elucidate that the metal species of ML MOFs are attributed to the tuned selectivity of the analytes, based on the difference in binding energies. It is also demonstrated that ML MOF maintained the high responsivity of the pristine PtSe2 even at a low concentration of gas (200 ppb). This is further confirmed through the molecular dynamics simulations, which reveal that the ML feature of the ML MOF is highly essential to preserve the intrinsic ultra‐low limit detection properties of pristine PtSe2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CD36 expressed in multiple cell types regulates inflammation, vascular function, and innate immunity. Specifically, CD36 in microvascular endothelial cells (ECs) signals to elicit inflammation and causes EC death. This study investigated roles for EC-CD36 on acute stroke pathology in normal and obese conditions. Obesity induced by a high-fat diet (HD) selectively increased CD36 expression in ECs, not in monocytes/macrophages, in the post-ischemic brain. Mice deficient CD36 in ECs (ECCD36−/−) showed reduced injury size and vascular permeability in normal conditions. While control mice fed a HD developed obesity and aggravated stroke injury, ECCD36−/− mice were resistant to develop an obesity phenotype. Subjecting ECCD36−/− mice to stroke resulted in reduced injury size and BBB disruption. Moreover, the mice had reduced MCP-1 and CCR2 gene expression, resulting in reduced monocyte trafficking with improved survival and acute motor function. Reduced MCP-1 and CCR2 expression was still evident in ECCD36−/− mice subjected to severe stroke, suggesting that monocyte trafficking is an infarct-independent metabolic effect associated with specific EC-CD36 deletion. Our findings demonstrate the importance of EC-CD36 in developing vascular comorbidities and suggest that targeting EC-CD36 is a potential preventative strategy to normalize vascular risk factors, leading to improved acute stroke outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lithium metal anode is notoriously unstable and reactive to electrolytes, forming brittle solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) layers with uneven distribution, exacerbating Li dendrites that ultimately limit the battery life. Here, this work passivates Li metal with electrolyte‐swellable polymer nanolayers deposited monolithically by the initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) to reinforce the native SEI layers and stabilize their interface. The 100 nm iCVD poly(dimethylaminomethyl styrene) (pDMAMS) layer is swelled by 264% under a carbonate electrolyte, establishing the electrolyte‐filled soft scaffold for Li‐ion transport. Notably, the solvogel accommodates homogeneous Li2O‐free and Li2CO3‐rich native SEI layers, providing a record‐high Li‐ion transference number of 0.95 and ionic conductivity of 6.54 mS cm−1. The developed pDMAMS‐Li anodes extend the cycle life by 550% in Li–Li symmetric cells and 600% in LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 full cells compared to pristine Li metal. The mechanistic details of the swollen‐soft‐scaffold strategy are elucidated by depth profile analysis of the pDMAMS homopolymer compared to pDMAMS/electrolyte‐phobic copolymers, providing new insights to manage the interface of liquid‐state electrolyte and solid‐state Li metal by using a novel class of bifunctional solvogel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Activation of metal oxides by light is a robust yet facile approach to manipulating their surface chemistry for favorable reactions with target molecules in heterogeneous catalysis and gas sensors. However, a limited understanding of interface chemistry and the involved mechanism impedes the development of a rational design of oxide interfaces for light‐activated gas sensing. Herein, the TiOx‐assisted photosensitization of In2O3 toward NO2 sensing is investigated as a case study to elucidate the detailed mechanism of light‐activated surface chemistry at the metal/gas interface. The resultant heterogeneous oxides exhibit outstanding NO2 sensing performance under light irradiation thanks to abundant photoexcited electrons and holes that serve as adsorption and desorption sites, respectively, to accelerate both surface reactions. Furthermore, the facile transfer of electrons and holes across the TiOx‐In2O3 interface contributes to improving the reversibility of sensing kinetics. Through this study, the mechanistic understanding is established of how the surface chemistry of metal oxide surfaces can be tuned by light activation providing an effective route to the design fabrication of high‐performance gas sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keywords: Covalent organic frameworks; Fluorine atoms; High storage capacity; Interface stabilization; Long-term stability; Potassium-ion battery (KIBs) EN Covalent organic frameworks Fluorine atoms High storage capacity Interface stabilization Long-term stability Potassium-ion battery (KIBs) 1 1 1 07/18/23 20230708 NES 230708 B Potassium-Ion Batteries b In article number 2300442, Ji-Won Jung, Jihan Kim, Il-Doo Kim, and co-workers show that fluorinated arenes in covalent organic frameworks enhance their electrochemical activity and stabilize the electrode-electrolyte interfaces, enabling a breakthrough design for organic electrodes with significantly increased ion storage capacity and greatly improved cyclic stability. Covalent organic frameworks, Fluorine atoms, High storage capacity, Interface stabilization, Long-term stability, Potassium-ion battery (KIBs) Fluorine-Rich Covalent Organic Framework to Boost Electrochemical Kinetics and Storages of K+ Ions for Potassium-Ion Battery (Adv. [Extracted from the article]

The trace detection of biomarker molecules in exhaled breaths enables a facile disease diagnosis in early stages. However, the selective detection of each pathognomonic gas was difficult to achieve due to a poor understanding of the selectivity mechanism, which impeded the development of a rational design for practical diagnostics. Herein, we report a systematic study of the explicit roles of noble metal catalysts in modulating the gas selectivity of metal oxides and provide an in-depth mechanistic understanding of the reaction pathways specific to each element. Using a consistent synthetic platform to prepare highly dispersed catalysts on In2O3 nanofibers, we identified that Ru and Pd catalysts showed exceptional selectivity to CH3SH and H2S, respectively, while Pt selectively interacted with CH3COCH3 molecules. Furthermore, we revealed that the element-specific gas adsorption and the ensuing charge transfer form the basis for regulating selective surface reactions of target gases. Altogether, we propose a set of design principles for sensing layers based on the prominent, element-dependent roles of catalysts toward the development of a rational synthesis of sensing materials with optimal sensing performance. These principles can be summarized as follows: controlled chemisorption of oxygen species, selective gas adsorption, and subsequent activation of adsorbed gases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To realize the development of high‐performance electrodes materials, real‐time observation tool that can visualize dynamical changes of electrode materials upon lithiation and sodiation is highly critical. Recently, in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has gained much attraction as it provides rich information on both phase and morphological transitions of electrode materials upon lithiation and sodiation in an atomic scale. Nevertheless, two significant limitations are present for current in situ TEM study: i) most of the in situ TEM experiments use a specially designed TEM holder, which is costly and suitable for use in only selective types of TEM; and ii) recently developed in situ TEM techniques with no applied bias have inherent limitations in the size of the sample (difficult for a size above 50 nm). Overcoming these two aforementioned issues, bias‐free graphene solid cells (GSCs) are now introduced, which can conduct real‐time observation of electrode materials in any size dimensions and morphologies without using bias. In this work, dynamical changes of hollow SnO2 nanotubes (NTs) are visualized upon lithiation and sodiation in real time using GSCs, where rich information is obtained on the morphology‐dependent, ion‐dependent characteristics of dynamical changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although efforts have been made to increase the Ni content in Ni-rich cathodes for Li-ion batteries with high specific capacities, an unstable surface of the cathode and electrolyte remains a significant challenge. To stabilize the surface, various protective layers – such as aluminum oxide (Al2O3) – have been introduced on the surface of Ni-rich cathodes. In this study, we used a facing-target sputtering (FTS) method to avoid the reaction of residual Li and moisture from the precursor for the coating method, and to build a dense, homogeneous, protective, ultrathin Al2O3 layer at the surface of NCM811. It was proven that FTS rules out the presence of the LiOH byproduct of residual Li on the NCM811 during surface modification. Ensuring interface protection by using FTS instead of atomic layer deposition with an H2O-based precursor was identified as a crucial determinant of the NCM811 performance. Our findings present an updated and promising process for stabilizing the surface, demonstrating the need to select a technique to achieve surface passivation of Ni-rich cathodes and improvements in cycling performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the unique properties which are considerably different from macro‐scale or bulk materials, 1D) nanostructures have received great interests. In particular, they have greatly contributed to building next‐generation batteries by providing beneficial features such as short ion/electron pathways, structural versatility (i.e., formation of 3D current collectors, free‐standing electrodes, and separators), and excellent stress relaxation. Owing to these definite advantages, 1D nanostructure is often followed by discovery of new electrode materials. This review provides a systematic overview of the state‐of‐the‐art research progresses on 1D nanostructures, which are extensively used for rechargeable batteries. Specifically, a brief introduction of some important 1D nanostructuring methods is started and then, in situ structural characterizations using 1D nanostructures are summarized, which allow a great step forward in atomic‐scale monitoring of reaction kinetics and observing dynamic structural evolution of electrode materials. 1D nanstructuring in solid‐state electrolytes and stabilization of metal anodes are also highlighted which are not only substantially important in current research trends for future batteries but also rarely discussed in previous reviews. At the end, critical perspective and future research direction of 1D nanoengineering for future batteries are suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is well known that certain gas molecules can serve as specific markers for characterizing the physiological and environmental nature of a subject, such as acetylene gas which can be used for determining a person's smoking status as well as for monitoring air pollution levels. For their reliable detection, gas sensors should be designed with high sensing capabilities in terms of selectivity, sensitivity and low detection limit. In this work, we present a rational design approach for the synthesis of p-type LaFeO3/n-type SnO2 composite nanotubes (NTs) via galvanic replacement reaction (GRR) on electrospun perovskite LaFeO3 NTs for p–n type-converted sensing. The GRR process provides LaFeO3/SnO2 NTs with high surface area (146.6 m2 g−1) by generating SnO2 nanograins (<10 nm), as controlled by varying the reaction time. The abundant heterogeneous p–n junctions formed in LaFeO3/SnO2 NTs contribute to the dramatic improvements in their sensing characteristics. In fact, the LaFeO3/SnO2 NTs exhibited 31.2-fold increased response toward acetylene (5 ppm) with a far improved response speed (16 s) compared to that of pristine LaFeO3 NTs (64 s). Our results demonstrate that the GRR process can be used to engineer the morphology and composition of p-type perovskites to achieve exceptional chemical sensing performances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the article "Molecular Fe-N4 Moieties Coupled with Atomic Co-N4 Sites Toward Improved Oxygen Reduction Performance," researchers Shichao Ding, Il-Doo Kim, Jin-Cheng Li, and their team have developed a new single-atom catalyst that enhances the catalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction in zinc-air batteries. The catalyst combines Fe-N4 moieties with Co-N4 single-atom sites, resulting in improved performance for flexible all-solid-state zinc-air batteries. The study utilizes density functional theory and iron phthalocyanine to design and test the catalyst. [Extracted from the article]

This study examined the efficiency of fungal strain (Cunninghamella bertholletiae) isolated from the rhizosphere of Solanum lycopersicum to reduce symptoms of salinity, drought and heavy metal stresses in tomato plants. In vitro evaluation of C. bertholletiae demonstrated its ability to produce indole-3-Acetic Acid (IAA), ammonia and tolerate varied abiotic stresses on solid media. Tomato plants at 33 days' old, inoculated with or without C. bertholletiae, were treated with 1.5% sodium chloride, 25% polyethylene glycol, 3 mM cadmium and 3 mM lead for 10 days, and the impact of C. bertholletiae on plant performance was investigated. Inoculation with C. bertholletiae enhanced plant biomass and growth attributes in stressed plants. In addition, C. bertholletiae modulated the physiochemical apparatus of stressed plants by raising chlorophyll, carotenoid, glucose, fructose, and sucrose contents, and reducing hydrogen peroxide, protein, lipid metabolism, amino acid, antioxidant activities, and abscisic acid. Gene expression analysis showed enhanced expression of SlCDF3 and SlICS genes and reduced expression of SlACCase, SlAOS, SlGRAS6, SlRBOHD, SlRING1, SlTAF1, and SlZH13 genes following C. bertholletiae application. In conclusion, our study supports the potential of C. bertholletiae as a biofertilizer to reduce plant damage, improve crop endurance and remediation under stress conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) and microglia elicit neural inflammation and clear debris for subsequent tissue repair and remodeling. The role of infiltrating MDMs in the injured brain, however, has been controversial due to overlapping antigen expression with microglia. In this study, we define the origin and function of MDMs in cerebral ischemia.Methods: Using adoptive transfer of GFP+ splenocytes into adult asplenic mice subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion, we compared the role of CD11b+/CD45+/NK1.1-/Ly6G- MDMs and microglia in the ischemic brain. The phagocytic activities of MDMs and microglia were measured by the uptake of fluorescent beads both in vivo with mice infused with GFP+ splenocytes and ex vivo with cultures of isolated brain immune cells.Results: Stroke induced an infiltration of MDMs [GFP+] into the ipsilateral hemisphere at acute (3 days) and sub-acute phases (7 days) of post-stroke. At 7 days, the infiltrating MDMs contained both CD45High and CD45Low subsets. The CD45High MDMs in the injured hemisphere exhibited a significantly higher proliferation capacity (Ki-67 expression levels) as well as higher expression levels of CD11c when compared to CD45Low MDMs. The CD45High and CD45Low MDM subsets in the injured hemisphere were approximately equal populations, indicating that CD45High MDMs infiltrating the ischemic brain changes their phenotype to CD45Low microglia-like phenotype. Studies with fluorescent beads reveal high levels of MDM phagocytic activity in the post-stroke brain, but this phagocytic activity was exclusive to post-ischemic brain tissue and was not detected in circulating monocytes. By contrast, CD45Low microglia-like cells had low levels of phagocytic activity when compared to CD45High cells. Both in vivo and ex vivo studies also show that the phagocytic activity in CD45High MDMs is associated with an increase in the CD45Low/CD45High ratio, indicating that phagocytosis promotes MDM phenotype conversion.Conclusions: This study demonstrates that MDMs are the predominant phagocytes in the post-ischemic brain, with the CD45High subset having the highest phagocytic activity levels. Upon phagocytosis, CD45High MDMs in the post-ischemic brain adopt a CD45Low phenotype that is microglia-like. Together, these studies reveal key roles for MDMs and their phagocytic function in tissue repair and remodeling following cerebral ischemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drought is a serious threat worldwide to soybean and maize production. This study was conducted to discern the impact of salvianolic acid treatment on osmotic-stressed soybean (Glycine max L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings from the perspective of physiochemical and molecular reactions. Examination of varied salvianolic acid concentrations (0, 0.1, 1, 5, 10, and 25 μM) on soybean and maize seedling growth confirmed that the 0.1 and 1 μM concentrations, respectively, showed an improvement in agronomic traits. Likewise, the investigation ascertained how salvianolic acid application could retrieve osmotic-stressed plants. Soybean and maize seedlings were irrigated with water or 25% PEG for 8 days. The results indicated that salvianolic acid application promoted the survival of the 39-day-old osmotic-stressed soybean and maize plants. The salvianolic acid-treated plants retained high photosynthetic pigments, protein, amino acid, fatty acid, sugar, and antioxidant contents, and demonstrated low hydrogen peroxide and lipid contents under osmotic stress conditions. Gene transcription pattern certified that salvianolic acid application led to an increased expression of GmGOGAT, GmUBC2, ZmpsbA, ZmNAGK, ZmVPP1 , and ZmSCE1d genes, and a diminished expression of GmMIPS2, GmSOG1, GmACS, GmCKX, ZmPIS , and ZmNAC48 genes. Together, our results indicate the utility of salvianolic acid to enhance the osmotic endurance of soybean and maize plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermochromic sensors provide an intuitive and real‐time solution for monitoring the local temperature with naked eyes. Conventional thermochromic sensors often utilize either solution‐type or dense film‐type platforms, which are suboptimal morphologies for exposing a large number of dye molecules to the surface, leading to low sensitivity and sluggish responding speeds. Herein, this article introduces rational synthetic routes to fabricate highly sensitive nanofiber (NF) sensor membranes loaded with thermochromic dyes (C3H6N6·CH2O)x‐loaded nanofibers (NFs) sensor membranes by alignment‐controllable electrospinning techniques (x–y perpendicular and rotary). The NF‐based porous sensor membranes exhibit two‐ to fivefold improved thermochromic sensitivity (ΔRGB) compared to those of dense film‐type sensors at 31.6–42.7 °C. This is attributed to the uniform distribution of dyes throughout the porous NF structure (≈95.7%), which exhibits excellent light transmittance that is 10–30‐fold higher than that of film‐type sensors. Based on the available shape‐conforming synthetic strategies, this article further demonstrates wearable thermochromic sensors in the forms of mask‐, patch‐, and bracelet‐type devices, which can accurately monitor body temperature in real time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flexible and mechanically robust gas sensors are the key technologies for wearable and implantable electronics. Herein, the authors demonstrate the high-performance, flexible nitrogen dioxide (NO2) chemiresistors using a series of n-type conjugated polymers (CPs: PNDIT2/IM-x) and a polymer dopant (poly(ethyleneimine), PEI). Imine double bonds (C = N) are incorporated into the backbones of the CPs with different imine contents (x) to facilitate strong and selective interactions with NO2. The PEI provides doping stability, enhanced electrical conductivity, and flexibility. As a result, the NO2 sensors with PNDIT2/IM-0.1 and PEI (1:1 by weight ratio) exhibit outstanding sensing performances, such as excellent sensitivity (𝚫R/Rb = 240%@1 ppm), ultralow detection limit (0.1 ppm), high selectivity (𝚫R/Rb < 8%@1 ppm of interfering analytes), and high stability, thereby outperforming other state-of-the-art CP-based chemiresistors. Furthermore, the thin film of PNDIT2/IM-0.1 and PEI blend is stretchable and mechanically robust, providing excellent flexibility to the NO2 sensors. Our study contributes to the rational design of high-performance flexible gas sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single‐atom catalysts (SACs) supported on inorganic materials have attracted much attention in numerous research fields for their high catalytic performance. However, such SACs have been limited by the low metal loading, especially on different types of inorganic supports. Herein, a general approach is presented for preparing SACs on metallic, metal oxide, and perovskite nanosheet (NS) supports to reach a high metal loading of up to 3.94 wt%, by utilizing N‐doped graphene as a sacrificial template that spatially confines the single atoms (SAs). Specifically, the target support material precursors are adsorbed onto the SAs‐stabilized sacrificial template, followed by subsequent heat treatment to transfer the SAs to the support material and to remove the graphene layer. Pt SAs on oxide support exhibits little to no aggregation throughout >10 000 min of annealing at 275 °C, demonstrating high thermal stability, as also supported by ex situ post‐anneal electron microscopy and X‐ray absorption fine structure studies. As a proof‐of‐concept, Pt SACs on SnO2 NSs exhibit high catalytic activity toward chemiresistive sensing of acetone gas (response = 95.4 at 10 ppm, 7.6‐fold enhancement compared with pristine SnO2 NSs) and unprecedented stability under highly humid conditions (27.4% response deterioration at 95% relative humidity). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single‐atom catalysts (SACs) supported on inorganic materials have attracted much attention in numerous research fields for their high catalytic performance. However, such SACs have been limited by the low metal loading, especially on different types of inorganic supports. Herein, a general approach is presented for preparing SACs on metallic, metal oxide, and perovskite nanosheet (NS) supports to reach a high metal loading of up to 3.94 wt%, by utilizing N‐doped graphene as a sacrificial template that spatially confines the single atoms (SAs). Specifically, the target support material precursors are adsorbed onto the SAs‐stabilized sacrificial template, followed by subsequent heat treatment to transfer the SAs to the support material and to remove the graphene layer. Pt SAs on oxide support exhibits little to no aggregation throughout >10 000 min of annealing at 275 °C, demonstrating high thermal stability, as also supported by ex situ post‐anneal electron microscopy and X‐ray absorption fine structure studies. As a proof‐of‐concept, Pt SACs on SnO2 NSs exhibit high catalytic activity toward chemiresistive sensing of acetone gas (response = 95.4 at 10 ppm, 7.6‐fold enhancement compared with pristine SnO2 NSs) and unprecedented stability under highly humid conditions (27.4% response deterioration at 95% relative humidity). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many industrialized areas of the world demand for the nutraceuticals due to rapidly growing health risks linked with higher consumption of processed foods. Tateishi Kazu vegetable soup or miracle soup is widely consumed around the world because of its nutraceutical properties. In the current research, the Tateishi Kazu vegetable soup was made from both organic and nonorganic sources, such as carrot, burdock root, shiitake mushroom, daikon radish, and radish leaves. We analyzed colour, antioxidant properties, cell viability, and mineral and free amino acid contents of both soups. The L ∗ a ∗ b and pH values revealed no drastic changes in the colour of the organic soup stored for 96 hours. The essential amino acids were present in higher amounts in an organic soup compared to the nonorganic soup. Similarly, the total mineral contents of the organic soup were higher than the nonorganic soup; however, potassium was the major mineral in both soups. Higher phenolic contents with elevated 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were noticed in organic soup. Moreover, both soups showed considerable reduction in cell viability of HepG2 cells tested through the MTT assay. From the present study, we concluded that the organic Tateishi Kazu vegetable soup can be of great importance to food industry due to the presence of viable nutrients and pharmacological properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Designing energy storage devices from thick carbon electrodes with high areal/volumetric energy density via a simple and green way is very attractive but still challenging. Cellulose, as an excellent precursor for thick carbon electrodes with abundant sources and low cost, is usually activated by a chemical activator and pyrolysis route to achieve high electrochemical performance. However, there are still some problems to be addressed, such as the harsh activation conditions, easy collapse of porous structures, and the high cost. Herein, a 3D self‐supporting thick carbon electrode derived from wood‐based cellulose is proposed for high areal and volumetric energy density of supercapacitor from a mild, simple, and green enzymolysis treatment. Benefiting from the high specific surface area (1418 m2 g−1) and abundant active sites on the surface of wood‐derived hierarchically porous structures and enzymolysis‐induced micropores and mesopores, the assembled symmetry supercapacitor from the thick carbon electrode can realize the high areal/volumetric energy density of 0.21 mWh cm−2/0.99 mWh cm−3 with excellent stability of 86.58% after 15 000 long‐term cycles at 20 mA cm−2. Significantly, the simple and universal strategy to design material with high specific surface area, provides a new research idea for realizing multi‐functional application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]