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Background: Changing the food environment is an important public health lever for encouraging sustainable food choices. Targeting the availability of vegetarian main meals served in cafeterias substantially affects food choice, but acceptability has never been assessed. We examined the effects of an availability intervention at a French university cafeteria on students' main meal choices, meal offer satisfaction and liking. Methods: A four-week controlled trial was conducted in a university cafeteria in Dijon, France. During the two-week control period, vegetarian main meals constituted 24% of the offer. In the subsequent two-week intervention period, this proportion increased to 48%, while all the other menu items remained unchanged. Students were not informed of the change. Student choices were tracked using production data, and daily paper ballots were used to assess student satisfaction with the meal offer and liking of the main meal they chose (score range [1;5]). Nutritional quality, environmental impact, and cost of production of meal choices were calculated for each lunchtime. Food waste was measured over 4 lunchtimes during control and intervention periods. An online questionnaire collected student feedback at the end of the study. Results: Doubling availability of vegetarian main meals significantly increased the likelihood of choosing vegetarian options (OR = 2.57, 95% CI = [2.41; 2.74]). Responses of the paper ballots (n = 18,342) indicated slight improvements in meal offer satisfaction from 4.05 ± 0.92 to 4.07 ± 0.93 (p = 0.028) and in liking from 4.09 ± 0.90 to 4.13 ± 0.92 (p < 0.001) during control and intervention periods, respectively. The end-of-study questionnaire (n = 510) revealed that only 6% of students noticed a change the availability of vegetarian main meals. The intervention led to a decrease in the environmental impact of the main meals chosen, a slight decrease in nutritional quality, a slight increase in meal costs and no change in food waste. Conclusions: Doubling availability of vegetarian main meals in a university cafeteria resulted in a twofold increase in their selection, with students reporting being more satisfied and liking the main meals more during the intervention period. These results suggest that serving an equal proportion of vegetarian and nonvegetarian main meals could be considered in French university cafeterias to tackle environmental issues. Trial registration: Study protocol and analysis plan were pre-registered on the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/pf3x7/). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess differences between traditional paper bag ordering and online ordering from primary school canteens in terms of menu, usage and lunch order characteristics.Design: A cross-sectional study.Setting: New South Wales (NSW) primary schools that offered both paper bag and online canteen ordering.Participants: Students (aged 5-12 years) with a lunch order on the day of the observation.Results: Across the six school canteens, 59-90 % of all available items were listed on both the online and paper menus, with no significant differences in the nutritional quality ('Everyday'/'Occasional') or nutritional content (kJ/saturated fat/sugar/sodium) of menu items. In total, 387 student lunch orders were placed, containing 776 menu items. Most orders (68 %) were placed online. There were no significant differences between order modality in the quantity of items ordered or the cost of orders, or the nutritional quality of orders based on the classification system of the NSW Healthy School Canteen Strategy ('Everyday'/'Occasional'). However, nutritional analysis revealed that paper bag orders contained 222 fewer kJ than online orders (P = 0·001), 0·65 g less saturated fat (P = 0·04) and 4·7 g less sugar (P < 0·001).Conclusions: Online canteens are commonly used to order canteen lunches for primary school children. This is the first study to investigate differences between traditional paper bag ordering and online ordering in this setting. Given the rapid increase in the use of online ordering systems in schools and other food settings and their potential to deliver public health nutrition interventions, additional research is warranted to further investigate differences in ordering modalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transparency in reporting is essential to scientific progress. No report should be considered complete without a full account of uncertainties, including those due to natural variation and measurement and model error and those incurred by handling problematic data, such as outliers. We randomly selected 132 papers published in 2019 from a list of 100 scientific journals to characterize the current state of uncertainty reporting in ecosystem studies. Each paper was evaluated for the extent to which it reported measures of uncertainty in any of four topic areas common to ecosystem studies: vegetation, soils, precipitation, and surface water. We found that most papers reported a minority of the uncertainty sources we deemed relevant. Papers on surface water reported the highest fraction of uncertainty sources (averaging 47% ± 5%), followed by soils (45% ± 4%), vegetation (32% ± 4%), and precipitation (21% ± 8%). A greater fraction of relevant uncertainty sources were reported when the topics were the primary focus of the paper (44% ± 3%) than when they were not (32% ± 4%). Sampling error—the uncertainty in replicate measurements—was the source most commonly reported in studies of vegetation (84%), soil mass (56%), and surface water (76% of papers). The source of measurement error most often reported was chemical analysis, with 41% of papers on surface water and 75% of papers on precipitation reporting this source, if applicable. In contrast, only 1 of 12 papers reporting chemistry of vegetation provided information on analytical uncertainty. Fewer papers reported what methods were used for handling missing or unusable data and observations below detection limits, but it was difficult to judge whether these sources were relevant if they were not mentioned. Finally, we found that a minority of the papers made all (21%) or some (an additional 21%) of their data available in online repositories, after correcting for a failure rate of 13% of the links. Clearly, there is room for improving the completeness and transparency of scientific reporting in ecosystem studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the role of gender in the evaluation of economic research using submissions to four leading journals. We find that referee gender has no effect on the relative assessment of female- versus male-authored papers, suggesting that any differential biases of male referees are negligible. To determine whether referees as a whole impose different standards for female authors, we compare citations for female- and male-authored papers, holding constant referee evaluations and other characteristics. We find that female-authored papers receive about 25% more citations than observably similar male-authored papers. Editors largely follow the referees, resulting in a 1.7 percentage point lower probability of a revise and resubmit verdict for papers with female authors relative to a citation-maximizing benchmark. In their desk rejection decisions, editors treat female authors more favorably, though they still impose a higher bar than would be implied by citation maximization. We find no differences in the informativeness of female versus male referees or in the weight that editors place on the recommendations of female versus male referees. We also find no differences in editorial delays for female- versus male-authored papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high reliability demand of the machining center emphasizes the accuracy of the fault risk evaluation. In the traditional fault risk evaluation research of the machining center, the influence of fault mode is mostly based on subjective recommendation or does not consider the propagation and diffusion of fault, which makes the risk evaluation results different from the real situation. Therefore, this paper presents a framework to evaluate the fault risk for machining center components. A certain type of machining center is considered as a case study. The fault mode frequency ratio of components is calculated by fault mode analysis. The fault rate calculation is conducted based on the Johnson method. Considering that different fault modes have different influences on fault propagation breadth and depth, the hypergraph theory is used to build a hypernetwork model. The propagation and diffusion influence degree are defined to describe the propagation and diffusion process of faults. Then, the comprehensive influence degree of fault mode is calculated. The risk evaluation is realized by considering the component fault rate, fault mode frequency ratio, and the comprehensive influence degree of fault mode. The method proposed in this paper can provide a reference for the formulation of risk strategies for the machining center. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Information security is essential for organisations, hence the risk assessment. Information security risk assessment (ISRA) identifies, assesses, and prioritizes risks according to organisational goals. Previous studies have analysed and discussed information security risk assessment. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the models more systematically. Objective: This study aims to determine types of ISRA and fill a gap in literature review research by categorizing existing frameworks, models, and methods. Methods: The systematic literature review (SLR) approach developed by Kitchenham is applied in this research. A total of 25 studies were selected, classified, and analysed according to defined criteria. Results: Most selected studies focus on implementing and developing new models for risk assessment. In addition, most are related to information systems in general. Conclusion: The findings show that there is no single best framework or model because the best framework needs to be tailored according to organisational goals. Previous researchers have developed several new ISRA models, but empirical evaluation research is needed. Future research needs to develop more robust models for risk assessments for cloud computing systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) is a set of Ethernet standards aimed to improve determinism in packet delivery for converged networks. The main goal is to provide mechanisms that enable low and predictable transmission latency and high availability for demanding applications such as real-time audio/video streaming, automotive, and industrial control. To provide the required guarantees, TSN integrates different traffic shaping mechanisms including 802.1Qbv, 802.1Qch, and 802.1Qcr, allowing for the coexistence of different traffic classes with different priorities on the same network. Achieving the required quality of service (QoS) level needs proper selection and configuration of shaping mechanisms, which is difficult due to the diversity in the requirements of the coexisting streams under the presence of potential end-system-induced jitter. This paper discusses the suitability of the TSN traffic shaping mechanisms for the different traffic types, analyzes the TSN network configuration problem, i.e., finds the optimal path and shaper configurations for all TSN elements in the network to provide the required QoS, discusses the goals, constraints, and challenges of time-aware scheduling, and elaborates on the evaluation criteria of both the network-wide schedules and the scheduling algorithms that derive the configurations to present a common ground for comparison between the different approaches. Finally, we analyze the evolution of the scheduling task, identify shortcomings, and suggest future research directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research examines the differential effect of research-writing teaching innovation on proposal and dissertation completion rates at the Turfloop Graduate School of Leadership (TGSL). The method combined a review with a longitudinal quantitative secondary data design. The data on proposal and dissertation completion rates were compared using a t-test statistics. Findings show that at an alpha level of 0.05, a significant difference (at P<0.05) exists in the proposal and dissertation completion rates between the pre-innovation teaching period and within the innovation teaching period – with improved completion rate occurring during the teaching innovation period. Results also depict a mean difference in research methodology pass marks (albeit insignificance). Based on the findings, the paper contributes by developing an agency-based inclusive framework for teaching dissertation research writing. This framework provides an agenda for further research on teacher and student agency, and hence inclusive teaching of academic writing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: When a journal receives a duplicate publication, the ability to identify the submitted work as previously published, and reject it, is an assay to publication ethics best practices. The aim of this study was to evaluate how three different types of journals, namely open access (OA) journals, subscription-based journals, and presumed predatory journals, responded to receiving a previously published manuscript for review.Methods: We performed a quasi-experimental study in which we submitted a previously published article to a random sample of 602 biomedical journals, roughly 200 journals from each journal type sampled: OA journals, subscription-based journals, and presumed predatory journals. Three hundred and three journals received a Word version in manuscript format, while 299 journals received the formatted publisher's PDF version of the published article. We then recorded responses to the submission received after approximately 1 month. Responses were reviewed, extracted, and coded in duplicate. Our primary outcome was the rate of rejection of the two types of submitted articles (PDF vs Word) within our three journal types.Results: We received correspondence back from 308 (51.1%) journals within our study timeline (32 days); (N = 46 predatory journals, N = 127 OA journals, N = 135 subscription-based journals). Of the journals that responded, 153 received the Word version of the paper, while 155 received the PDF version. Four journals (1.3%) accepted our paper, 291 (94.5%) journals rejected the paper, and 13 (4.2%) requested a revision. A chi-square test looking at journal type, and submission type, was significant (χ2 (4) = 23.50, p < 0.001). All four responses to accept our article came from presumed predatory journals, 3 of which received the Word format and 1 that received the PDF format. Less than half of journals that rejected our submissions did so because they identified ethical issues such as plagiarism with the manuscript (133 (45.7%)).Conclusion: Few journals accepted our submitted paper. However, our findings suggest that all three types of journals may not have adequate safeguards in place to recognize and act on plagiarism or duplicate submissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Patients with disabilities often require healthcare accommodations in order to access high-quality, equitable healthcare services. While attention has been paid to accommodation needs in specific disability populations, limited research to date has explored healthcare accommodations that cross-cut diverse disability populations.Objective: To identify a deeper understanding regarding accommodations in healthcare settings that could apply across disability populations and promote equitable healthcare.Design: We conducted qualitative focus groups with patients with disabilities and caregivers to understand their experiences and preferences for healthcare accommodations.Participants: We recruited patients and caregivers across all major disability categories to participate in focus groups. Participants were recruited through advocacy organizations and healthcare settings in Southeastern Minnesota.Approach: A total of eight focus groups were conducted with 56 participants. Participants described their healthcare experiences and desires for healthcare accommodations. The multidisciplinary research team recorded, transcribed verbatim, and coded all focus groups. The team thematically coded transcripts using content analysis within and across focus groups to identify major themes.Key Results: Patients identified four challenges and corresponding steps healthcare team could take to promote equitable care: (1) consistent documentation of disabilities and needed accommodations in the medical record; (2) allowance for accommodations to the environment, including adapting physical space, physical structures, and scheduling and rooming processes; (3) provide accommodations for administrative tasks, such as completing paper or electronic forms; and (4) adapt communication during interactions, such as speaking slower or using terms that patients can easily understand.Conclusion: These identified themes represent specific opportunities for healthcare teams to effectively provide accessible care to patients with disabilities. Many of the accommodations require minimal financial investment, but did require behavioral changes by the healthcare team to ensure equitable healthcare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural beauty evaluation is an important branch of geography and landscape studies and has profound impact on the protection and sustainable development of World Heritage sites (WHs). However, systematic literature reviews in this field are insufficient. In this study, we comprehensively analyzed 262 relevant studies in the Web of Science and CNKI databases published since 1982, systematically reviewed the research progress in the field of natural beauty evaluation, analyzed the current main research methods, theoretical frameworks, and application practices, and explored their specific implications for the World Heritage karst sites (WHKs). The following observations were made. (1) The number of publications has been increasing year by year, reaching its peak in 2019, indicating increasing research interest in this field. (2) The research content covers five aspects: theory, evaluation indicators, methods, technology, and World Heritage value. The proportion of research on technology integration (33.94%) and evaluation methods (28.05%) is the highest, accounting for 61.99% of the total, and indicating a positive inclination toward innovation and development of research methods. (3) Methodology tends toward interdisciplinary collaboration, and evaluation methods have gradually shifted from a single qualitative description to quantitative, diversified, and interdisciplinary comprehensive evaluation. The combination of traditional and emerging technologies such as SD method, SBE method, AHP method, neuroscience, and UGC data has increased, breaking through time and space constraints and expanding data sources. (4) In future studies, the assessment of natural beauty should concentrate on aesthetic preferences across diverse cultural contexts, develop a concept of global localization, and enhance evaluators' aesthetic perception through multisensory integration. Simultaneously utilizing UGC data to balance the authority of evaluation standards and the inclusiveness of evaluation systems, developing quantifiable indicators, and improving quantitative research in analogy methods; Finally, a karst landscape aesthetic evaluation model is constructed from both global and local perspectives, providing scientific reference for the formation of a unified evaluation system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural beauty evaluation is an important branch of geography and landscape studies and has profound impact on the protection and sustainable development of World Heritage sites (WHs). However, systematic literature reviews in this field are insufficient. In this study, we comprehensively analyzed 262 relevant studies in the Web of Science and CNKI databases published since 1982, systematically reviewed the research progress in the field of natural beauty evaluation, analyzed the current main research methods, theoretical frameworks, and application practices, and explored their specific implications for the World Heritage karst sites (WHKs). The following observations were made. (1) The number of publications has been increasing year by year, reaching its peak in 2019, indicating increasing research interest in this field. (2) The research content covers five aspects: theory, evaluation indicators, methods, technology, and World Heritage value. The proportion of research on technology integration (33.94%) and evaluation methods (28.05%) is the highest, accounting for 61.99% of the total, and indicating a positive inclination toward innovation and development of research methods. (3) Methodology tends toward interdisciplinary collaboration, and evaluation methods have gradually shifted from a single qualitative description to quantitative, diversified, and interdisciplinary comprehensive evaluation. The combination of traditional and emerging technologies such as SD method, SBE method, AHP method, neuroscience, and UGC data has increased, breaking through time and space constraints and expanding data sources. (4) In future studies, the assessment of natural beauty should concentrate on aesthetic preferences across diverse cultural contexts, develop a concept of global localization, and enhance evaluators' aesthetic perception through multisensory integration. Simultaneously utilizing UGC data to balance the authority of evaluation standards and the inclusiveness of evaluation systems, developing quantifiable indicators, and improving quantitative research in analogy methods; Finally, a karst landscape aesthetic evaluation model is constructed from both global and local perspectives, providing scientific reference for the formation of a unified evaluation system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent software advances have led to an expansion of the development and usage of application programming interfaces (APIs). From millions of Android packages (APKs) available on Google Store to millions of open-source packages available in Maven, PyPI, and npm, APIs have become an integral part of software development. Like any software artifact, software APIs evolve and suffer from this evolution. Prior research has uncovered many challenges to the development, usage, and evolution of APIs. While some challenges have been studied and solved, many remain. These challenges are scattered in the literature, which hides advances and cloaks the remaining challenges. In this systematic literature review on APIs and API evolution, we uncover and describe publication trends and trending topics.We compile common research goals, evaluation methods, metrics, and subjects.We summarize the current state-of-the-art and outline known existing challenges aswell as newchallenges uncovered during this review. We conclude that the main remaining challenges related to APIs and API evolution are (1) automatically identifying and leveraging factors that drive API changes, (2) creating and using uniform benchmarks for research evaluation, and (3) understanding the impact of API evolution on API developers and users with respect to various programming languages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A robust evidence base is required to assist healthcare commissioners and providers in selecting effective and sustainable approaches to improve cancer diagnosis and treatment. Such evidence can be difficult to build, given the fast-paced and highly pressured nature of healthcare delivery, the absence of incentives, and the presence of barriers in conducting pragmatic yet robust research evaluations. Cancer Research UK (CRUK) has played an active part in building the evidence base through its funding of programmes to identify, evaluate and scale-up innovative approaches across the UK. The aim of this paper is to describe and explain the research design and intended approach and activities for two cancer services improvement projects in Scotland funded by CRUK. Methods: A hybrid effectiveness-implementation study design will assess both the efficiency of the new pathways and their implementation strategies, with the aim of generating knowledge for scale-up. A range of implementation, service and clinical outcomes will be assessed as determined by the projects' Theories of Change (ToCs). A naturalistic case study approach will enable in-depth exploration of context and process, and the collection and synthesis of data from multiple sources including routine datasets, patient and staff surveys, in-depth interviews and observational and other data. The evaluations are informed throughout by a patient/public representatives' group, and by small group discussions with volunteer cancer patients. Discussion: Our approach has been designed to provide a holistic understanding of how (well) the improvement projects work (in relation to their anticipated outcomes), and how they interact with their wider contexts. The evaluations will help identify barriers, facilitators, and unanticipated consequences that can impact scalability, sustainability and spread. By opting for a pragmatic, participatory evaluation research design, we hope to inform strategies for scaling up successful innovations while addressing challenges in a targeted manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research is to identify the evolution of papers published on LGBT issues in the main marketing journals. To that end, the 50 top-ranked journals in the SCImago Journal Rank (SJR) were analyzed, revealing that 17 of them had at least one publication on the subject. Analysis of a total of 34 articles enabled the main topics studied to be summarized in six categories: the effects of LGBT advertising on the viewers; LGBT advertising - an overview; gender studies in marketing; the gay-friendly approach; the LGBT market; and social marketing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Previous research has found that a "web-push" approach to data collection, which involves contacting people by mail to request an Internet survey response while withholding a paper response option until later in the contact process, consistently achieves lower response rates than a "paper-only" approach, whereby all respondents are contacted and requested to respond by mail.Method: An experiment was designed, as part of the Millennium Cohort Family Study, to compare response rates, sample representativeness, and cost between a web-push and a paper-only approach; each approach comprised 3 stages of mail contacts. The invited sample (n = 4,935) consisted of spouses married to U.S. Service members, who had been serving in the military between 2 and 5 years as of October, 2011.Results: The web-push methodology produced a significantly higher response rate, 32.8% compared to 27.8%. Each of the 3 stages of postal contact significantly contributed to response for both treatments with 87.1% of the web-push responses received over the Internet. The per-respondent cost of the paper-only treatment was almost 40% higher than the web-push treatment group. Analyses revealed no meaningfully significant differences between treatment groups in representation.Conclusion: These results provide evidence that a web-push methodology is more effective and less expensive than a paper-only approach among young military spouses, perhaps due to their heavy reliance on the internet, and we suggest that this approach may be more effective with the general population as they become more uniformly internet savvy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The essence of humanism in medicine and health care is relationships-caring relationships between clinicians and patients. While raising concerns regarding professional-patient boundaries has positively contributed to our understanding and prevention of potentially harmful boundary violations, there is controversy about which types of relationships, caring acts, and practices are acceptable versus cross boundary lines.Objective: To examine primary care physicians' practices and attitudes regarding acts that have been questioned as potentially "inappropriate" or "unethical" crossing of professional-patient boundaries.Design: Surveys conducted via in-person polling or electronic and mailed paper submissions from April 2016 to July 2017. We calculated descriptive statistics and examined associations with practices and attitudes using logistic regression.Participants: Random sample of all US primary care physicians who treat adult patients; convenience sample of attendees at medicine grand rounds presentations.Main Measures: Outcomes were self-reported practices and attitudes related to giving patients rides home, paying for patients' medication, helping patients find jobs, employing patients, going to dinner with patients, and providing care to personal friends.Key Results: Among 1563 total respondents, 34% had given a ride home, 34% had paid for medications, 15% helped patients find a job, 7% had employed a patient, 10% had dinner with patients, and 59% provided care to personal friends. A majority disapproved of dinner with a patient (75%) but approved of or were neutral on all other scenarios (61-90%).Conclusions: The medical profession is quite divided on questions related to drawing lines about appropriate boundaries. Contrary to official and widespread proscriptions against such practices (with exception of dinner dates), many have actually engaged in such practices and the majority found them acceptable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: STEM education providers increasingly use complex intervention models to redress persistent under-representation in STEM sectors. These intervention models require robust evaluation to determine their effectiveness. The study examines a complex, sustained intervention intended to build science capital in young people aged 11–15 over 3 years, which drew on science capital theory and related research to inform intervention design and evaluation. When evaluation results differed from those anticipated, process evaluation supported authors to interpret these findings. By outlining challenges faced in the evaluation of a complex, sustained STEM outreach intervention, this paper addresses critique that outreach programmes focus too often on short-term and positive findings. Results: Intervention outcomes were assessed using a quantitative questionnaire adapted from science capital research, issued to pupils at the intervention's baseline (2015), midpoint (2017) and endpoint (2019). Adopting a cohort-based model, the 2015 questionnaire collected a baseline for the Year 7 intervention group (children aged 11–12, N = 464), and established baseline comparator groups for Year 9 (children aged 13–14, N = 556) and Year 11 (children aged 15–16, N = 342). The Year 7 intervention group was re-evaluated again in 2017 when in Year 9 (N = 556), and in 2019 when in Year 11 (N = 349). Analysis explored differences in science capital between the intervention and comparator groups and identified lower composite science capital scores and greater proportions of low- and medium-science capital in the intervention group when compared with the two comparator groups. A rationale for this emerged from the subsequent process evaluation. Conclusions: This study's main contribution is the provision of nuanced insight into the evaluation of STEM interventions for use by others evaluating in similar circumstances, particularly those adopting sustained or complex delivery models. This paper concludes that assessing the effectiveness of complex interventions cannot rely on quantitative evaluation of outcomes alone. Process evaluation can complement quantitative instruments and aid interventions to better understand variability and interpret results. While this study highlights the value of science capital when designing intervention models, it also illustrates the inherent challenges of using an outcome measure of 'building science capital', and quantifying levels over an intervention's course. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Involving service users in health service design and delivery is considered important to improve the quality of healthcare because it ensures that the delivery of healthcare is adapted to the needs of the users. Co‐production is a process used to involve service users, but multiple papers have highlighted the need for the mechanisms and values guiding co‐production to be more clearly stated. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the mechanisms and values that guided the co‐production approach of the Stories for Change project, which used Public Narrative as part of the co‐design process to create change in National Health Service maternity services. Methods: This study was conducted using a rapid feedback evaluation approach. Semistructured interviews (n = 16) were the main source of data, six of which were maternity service users, with observations (5 h) and documentary analysis also carried out in parallel. RREAL sheets were used for data analysis to organize data based on key topics of interest. Results: This study identified three broad mechanisms and values underpinning the co‐production approach: creating an open and safe space to share ideas, learning how to tell stories using Public Narrative and having service providers who play a key role in strengthening the health system listen to stories compelling them to action. This study identified the main areas for improvement of the Stories for Change project related to recruitment, the inclusion of participants, the co‐design process, the Skills Session and the Learning Event. Conclusion: Our study provided a deeper understanding of the co‐production approach that addresses the need to uncover the mechanism and values underlying co‐production and co‐design approaches. This study expands on the literature pertaining to the influence of storytelling in creating meaningful change in health care. We propose a co‐design methodology that uses Public Narrative as a model for service user engagement to help inform future healthcare development processes. Patient or Public Contribution: The experiences and perceptions of maternity service users and health professionals informed this evaluation. The project organizers were involved in the manuscript preparation stage by providing feedback, and service users wrote a commentary on the project from the lived experience perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This data article describes a dataset showing the five-year performance of 471 researchers from 14 Hungarian research institutions, with a total of 3219 observations. Each observation represent items produced between the 1st January 2014 and the 31th December 2018 by a researcher employed in the sampled research institutions from one of six research output types. Due to a prestige and independence-controlled categorization of research output, and the scarcity of easily accessible, well-structured data curated for research performance evaluation, this dataset can play an important role in new research evaluation policies at Hungarian research institutions aiming to enhance global competitiveness by fostering scientific excellence and innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The heart and soul of the Chinese people and the greatest cultural soft power of contemporary China are excellent Chinese healthy cultural environments. Short video platforms and short videos have a chance to develop as the Internet revolution continues to intensify and mobile clients gain popularity. This essay examines the challenges involved in producing brief videos that promote a healthy cultural environment in the new context of internet plus, as well as the means of transmitting such videos and creative methods for doing so. Excellent communication content is created in this paper from two perspectives of visual presentation and in-depth meaning, allowing users to fully understand the connotation of a healthy cultural environment. Through the theme of a healthy cultural environment, topic discussion and characteristic activities will be carried out to encourage users' spontaneous sharing of the interactive behavior of communication and the fission communication of brief videos of a healthy environment. This paper develops a model for intelligent recommendation and short video content analysis based on this. In order to further encourage the creative dissemination and development of short videos about healthy cultural environments, the model is used to choose high-quality videos and accurately recommend them to the appropriate users and to serve as an example of how a quick video can be used to communicate innovation and a healthy cultural environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intro: Complex and siloed health and social service systems can be difficult for people to navigate. The fragmented and poorly linked services leads to ineffective communication between care teams, delayed access to services, concerns regarding quality and safety of patient care, as well as patient frustration and disengagement. Description: Planned Care for Better Health (PCBH) is a community-based care navigation and coordination program for people with complex health and psychosocial needs who are at risk of future hospitalisation. It focuses on early identification and holistic care to remove barriers and improve access to healthcare. By including a persons', family and carers in planning, listening to their needs, supporting the person to achieve their goals, and empowering them to make decisions on their own health, PCBH aims to enhance clients' healthcare experience and reduce preventable hospital utilisation. Discussion: Building trusting and collaborative relationships with clients, families, carers, and health service providers requires commitment. Acknowledging and addressing psychosocial needs is critical for enhancing health outcomes. Equipping patients with self-management skills and knowledge to navigate and engage support services may generate lasting effects, even post-program enrolment. Conclusion: PCBH is associated with a notable reduction in unplanned hospitalisations and total bed days. However, reduction in ED presentations is similar between the intervention and comparison cohorts. Future initiatives should focus on a shared vision of integrated care, robust leadership, and participative co-creation with service-level stakeholders. Sustained program establishment, a multidisciplinary care coordinator team, and an early creation of robust evaluation strategy must be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Aims: Most patients who receive implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) for primary prevention do not receive therapy during the lifespan of the ICD, whilst up to 50% of sudden cardiac death (SCD) occur in individuals who are considered low risk by conventional criteria. Machine learning offers a novel approach to risk stratification for ICD assignment.Methods and Results: Systematic search was performed in MEDLINE, Embase, Emcare, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, OpenGrey, MedrXiv, arXiv, Scopus, and Web of Science. Studies modelling SCD risk prediction within days to years using machine learning were eligible for inclusion. Transparency and quality of reporting (TRIPOD) and risk of bias (PROBAST) were assessed. A total of 4356 studies were screened with 11 meeting the inclusion criteria with heterogeneous populations, methods, and outcome measures preventing meta-analysis. The study size ranged from 122 to 124 097 participants. Input data sources included demographic, clinical, electrocardiogram, electrophysiological, imaging, and genetic data ranging from 4 to 72 variables per model. The most common outcome metric reported was the area under the receiver operator characteristic (n = 7) ranging between 0.71 and 0.96. In six studies comparing machine learning models and regression, machine learning improved performance in five. No studies adhered to a reporting standard. Five of the papers were at high risk of bias.Conclusion: Machine learning for SCD prediction has been under-applied and incorrectly implemented but is ripe for future investigation. It may have some incremental utility in predicting SCD over traditional models. The development of reporting standards for machine learning is required to improve the quality of evidence reporting in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of the new era, the distinctive function of BD (big data) analysis and prediction also introduces a new way of thinking to university IPE (ideological and political education), broadens the domain of university IPE, and enhances the curricular offerings of IPE universities. In order to enhance the intelligence and personalization of the intelligent teaching system, this paper describes in detail the design and implementation processes for each component of the system. It also uses the association mining rule algorithm of data mining. To maintain population diversity, a population initialization method and a neighborhood-based search operator are used, both of which are based on a thorough consideration of the characteristics of complex networks. The neighborhood search strategy enhances the local search capability of the TLBO (Teaching-Learning Based Optimization) algorithm. The optimized TLBO algorithm presented in this paper achieves the highest average modularity value of 0.5238 through testing on real-world data sets. The outcomes demonstrate that the algorithm performs well and is successful in identifying problems in the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yan'an is one of the "two holy places" of the Chinese nation and the Chinese revolution and is one of the first cities of historical and cultural significance and an outstanding tourist city in China, as announced by the state council. The evaluation of the effectiveness of environmental conservation is one of the very important elements of the conservation of Yan'an's architectural heritage. However, the existing evaluation methods cannot provide new solutions for decision-making, the meaning of the comprehensive evaluation function is unclear, the naming clarity is low, there is less quantitative data and more qualitative components, and the results are not easily convincing. This paper proposes a method for evaluating the practical effects of environmental class measures in the conservation of Yan'an's architectural heritage based on recurrent neural networks. The recurrent neural network makes full use of the memory function in the network, considers the causal relationship of the actual effect, and efficiently evaluates the existing measures. In comparison with factor analysis and hierarchical analysis, this paper has greater applicability in evaluating the practical effects of environmental measures in the conservation of Yan'an's architectural heritage and is basically consistent with the results of the theoretical analysis. It provides a scientific basis for the construction and implementation of environmental measures for the architectural heritage of Yan'an. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The water environment is one of the basic elements that constitute the environment. It is an important place for the survival and development of human society, and it is also the most seriously disturbed and damaged area by humans. The pollution and destruction of water environment has become one of the major environmental problems in the world today. The essence of urban water space landscape design under the concept of integrating people's ecological design is the ecological landscape design of urban water spaces, while the development of ecological landscape design in the field of urban water space landscape design is still in its infancy, and the interpretation of its concept is also different. The ecological design of the landscape reflects a new dream of human beings, a new aesthetics and value: the true cooperative and fraternal relationship between man and nature. At present, the ecological design of urban water space landscape has not put forward a more accurate concept, clear principles and standards, and a complete and systematic theoretical basis, which requires further research, discussion, and continuous practice by this generation of designers to improve it. To this end, this paper proposed a research method on the integration of water environment governance in urban and rural spaces with natural ecological landscape design. This paper mainly talked about the status quo of water environment and its network sensor algorithm research and analyzed its coverage area one by one. Then, the water quality extraction is introduced in detail. And finally, the data analysis of the Beijing river waters, the analyzer rainfall, water quality, and so on are carried out in the experimental part. It could be seen from the experimental results that there were currently 22 reclaimed water plants in six urban areas of Beijing, with a daily water treatment capacity of 4.08 million cubic meters and a sewage treatment rate of 98%. As of 2016, 440 million cubic meters of reclaimed water has been reused. With the commissioning of the new reclaimed water system, the proportion of reclaimed water in the river and lake environment will continue to increase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the level of agreement of disease flare severity (distinguishing severe, moderate, and mild flare and persistent disease activity) in a large paper-patient exercise involving 988 individual cases of systemic lupus erythematosus.Methods: A total of 988 individual lupus case histories were assessed by 3 individual physicians. Complete agreement about the degree of flare (or persistent disease activity) was obtained in 451 cases (46%), and these provided the reference standard for the second part of the study. This component used 3 flare activity instruments (the British Isles Lupus Assessment Group [BILAG] 2004, Safety of Estrogens in Lupus Erythematosus National Assessment [SELENA] flare index [SFI] and the revised SELENA flare index [rSFI]). The 451 patient case histories were distributed to 18 pairs of physicians, carefully randomized in a manner designed to ensure a fair case mix and equal distribution of flare according to severity.Results: The 3-physician assessment of flare matched the level of flare using the 3 indices, with 67% for BILAG 2004, 72% for SFI, and 70% for rSFI. The corresponding weighted kappa coefficients for each instrument were 0.82, 0.59, and 0.74, respectively. We undertook a detailed analysis of the discrepant cases and several factors emerged, including a tendency to score moderate flares as severe and persistent activity as flare, especially when the SFI and rSFI instruments were used. Overscoring was also driven by scoring treatment change as flare, even if there were no new or worsening clinical features.Conclusion: Given the complexity of assessing lupus flare, we were encouraged by the overall results reported. However, the problem of capturing lupus flare accurately is not completely solved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The literature on qualitative data analysis mostly concerns analyses pertaining to an individual research question and the organization of data within that research question. Few authors have written about the entire qualitative dataset from which multiple and separate analyses could be conducted and reported. The concept of analytic direction is a strategy that can assist qualitative researchers in deciding which findings to highlight within a dataset. The objectives of this paper were to: 1) describe the importance of analytic direction in qualitative research, and 2) provide a working example of the concept of analytic direction.Methods: A qualitative dataset from one of the author's research programs was selected for review. Ten potential analytic directions were identified after the initial phenomenological analysis was conducted. Three analytic directions based on the same coding template but different content areas of the data were further developed using phenomenological analysis (n = 2) and qualitative description (n = 1) and are the focus of this paper. Development and selection of these three analytic directions was determined partially relying on methodological criteria to promote rigour including a comprehensive examination of the data, the use of multiple analysts, direct quotations to support claims, negative case analysis, and reflexivity.Results: The three analytic directions addressed topics within the scope of the overall research question. Each analytic direction had its own central point or story line and each highlighted a different perspective or voice. The use of an inductive and deductive approach to analysis and how the role of theory was integrated varied in each analytic direction.Conclusions: The concept of analytic direction enables researchers to organize their qualitative datasets in order to tell different and unique "stories". The concept relies upon, and promotes, the conduct of rigourous qualitative research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes an image quality evaluation (IQE) metric by considering gradient, visual saliency, and color information. Visual saliency and gradient information are two types of effective features for quality evaluation research. Different regions within an image are not uniformly important for IQE. Visual saliency can find the most attractive regions to the human visual system in a given image. These attractive image regions are more strongly correlated with image quality results. In addition, the degradation of gradient information is related to the structure distortion which is a very important factor for image quality. However, the two types of features cannot accurately evaluate the color distortion of images. In order to evaluate chromatic distortion, this paper proposes the color similarity which is measured in the YIQ color space. The computation of the proposed method begins with the similarity calculation of local gradient information, visual saliency, and color information. Then, the final quality score is obtained by the standard deviation on each similarity component. The experimental results on five benchmark databases (i.e., CSIQ, IVC, LIVE, TID2013, and TID2008) show that the proposed IQE method performs better than other methods in the correlation with subjective quality judgment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A robust medical claims review system is crucial for addressing fraud and abuse and ensuring financial viability of health insurance organisations. This paper assesses claims adjustment rate of the paper- and electronic-based claims reviews of the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) in Ghana.Methods: The study was a cross-sectional comparative assessment of paper- and electronic-based claims reviews of the NHIS. Medical claims of subscribers for the year, 2014 were requested from the claims directorate and analysed. Proportions of claims adjusted by the paper- and electronic-based claims reviews were determined for each type of healthcare facility. Bivariate analyses were also conducted to test for differences in claims adjustments between healthcare facility types, and between the two claims reviews.Results: The electronic-based review made overall adjustment of 17.0% from GHS10.09 million (USD2.64 m) claims cost whilst the paper-based review adjusted 4.9% from a total of GHS57.50 million (USD15.09 m) claims cost received, and the difference was significant (p < 0.001). However, there were no significant differences in claims cost adjustment rate between healthcare facility types by the electronic-based (p = 0.0656) and by the paper-based reviews (p = 0.6484).Conclusions: The electronic-based review adjusted significantly higher claims cost than the paper-based claims review. Scaling up the electronic-based review to cover claims from all accredited care providers could reduce spurious claims cost to the scheme and ensure long term financial sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is a growing need for methods that acknowledge and successfully capture the dynamic interaction between context and implementation of complex interventions. Case study research has the potential to provide such understanding, enabling in-depth investigation of the particularities of phenomena. However, there is limited guidance on how and when to best use different case study research approaches when evaluating complex interventions. This study aimed to review and synthesise the literature on case study research across relevant disciplines, and determine relevance to the study of contextual influences on complex interventions in health systems and public health research.Methods: Systematic meta-narrative review of the literature comprising (i) a scoping review of seminal texts (n = 60) on case study methodology and on context, complexity and interventions, (ii) detailed review of empirical literature on case study, context and complex interventions (n = 71), and (iii) identifying and reviewing 'hybrid papers' (n = 8) focused on the merits and challenges of case study in the evaluation of complex interventions.Results: We identified four broad (and to some extent overlapping) research traditions, all using case study in a slightly different way and with different goals: 1) developing and testing complex interventions in healthcare; 2) analysing change in organisations; 3) undertaking realist evaluations; 4) studying complex change naturalistically. Each tradition conceptualised context differently-respectively as the backdrop to, or factors impacting on, the intervention; sets of interacting conditions and relationships; circumstances triggering intervention mechanisms; and socially structured practices. Overall, these traditions drew on a small number of case study methodologists and disciplines. Few studies problematised the nature and boundaries of 'the case' and 'context' or considered the implications of such conceptualisations for methods and knowledge production.Conclusions: Case study research on complex interventions in healthcare draws on a number of different research traditions, each with different epistemological and methodological preferences. The approach used and consequences for knowledge produced often remains implicit. This has implications for how researchers, practitioners and decision makers understand, implement and evaluate complex interventions in different settings. Deeper engagement with case study research as a methodology is strongly recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The WellComm toolkit is used across many areas of the UK to identify and support early years children with their speech, language and communication. There is some evidence for positive outcomes for children who are assessed and supported using the toolkit. However, wider implications of implementing the toolkit have not been fully investigated. This study aimed to explore the impact of implementing the WellComm toolkit on practitioners, practically and for their knowledge and skills. An additional aim was to reflect on the impact this may have on evaluation research. Early years practitioners (EYPs) in the UK completed an online survey asking about their experiences of using the WellComm toolkit, and a sub-sample participated in interviews. Survey and interview respondents spanned different early years settings. Practitioners described positive ways in which using the WellComm toolkit had impacted their knowledge of speech, language and communication, supported improvements in practice, and the quality and specificity of speech and language referrals. Negative implications, such as time costs and staffing burdens, were also discussed but were found not to outweigh the benefits of use. The positive implications of using the WellComm toolkit on practitioners' own development and knowledge are likely to support the outcomes of children, though the usefulness of the WellComm toolkit for children who speak English as an additional language (EAL) and children with special educational needs (SEND) is questioned. Such findings have implications for the work of evaluation researchers, who need to be sensitive to the use of such toolkits in settings where interventions are being evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducing systems thinking concepts in the programme evaluation field has been mostly aimed at supporting the practice of evaluation, rather than towards making theoretical advancements in the evaluation field. This paper introduces ideas and principles from systems thinking at the theoretical and practical levels in the programme evaluation field as applied to a peace‐building programme called the Hermes Programme in Colombia. This document demonstrates how systems thinking concepts and tools were used in the practice of evaluation. We show the theoretical development of the proposed evaluation and explain how its stages were carried out in evaluating the Hermes Programme. This paper also illustrates the benefits of using systems thinking in evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Data-driven process analysis is an important area that relies on software support. Process variant analysis is a sort of analysis technique in which analysts compare executed process variants, a.k.a. process cohorts. This comparison can help to identify insights for improving processes. There are a few software supports to enable process cohort comparison based on the frequencies of process activities and performance metrics. These metrics are effective in cohort analysis, but they cannot support cohort comparison based on the probability of transitions among states, which is an important enabler for cohort analysis in healthcare.Results: This paper defines an approach to compare process cohorts using Markov models. The approach is formalized, and it is implemented as an open-source python library, named dfgcompare. This library can be used by other researchers to compare process cohorts. The implementation is also used to compare caregivers' behavior when prescribing drugs in the Stockholm Region. The result shows that the approach enables the comparison of process cohorts in practice.Conclusions: We conclude that dfgcompare supports identifying differences among process cohorts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The incidence of many hormone-dependent diseases, including testicular cancer, has sharply increased in all high-income countries during the 20th century. This is not fully explained by established risk factors. Concurrent, increasing exposure to antiandrogenic environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in fetal life may partially explain this trend. This systematic review assessed available evidence regarding the association between environmental EDC exposure and risk of testicular cancer (seminomas and nonseminomas). Following PRISMA guidelines, a search of English peer-reviewed literature published prior to December 14, 2020 in the databases PubMed and Embase® was performed. Among the 279 identified records, 19 were eligible for quality assessment and 10 for further meta-analysis. The completeness of reporting was high across papers, but over 50% were considered subject to potential risk of bias. Mean age at diagnosis was 31.9 years. None considered effects of EDC multipollutant mixtures. The meta-analyses showed that maternal exposure to combined EDCs was associated with a higher risk of testicular cancer in male offspring [summary risk ratios: 2.16, (95% CI:1.78-2.62), 1.93 (95% CI:1.49-2.48), and 2.78 (95% CI:2.27-3.41) for all, seminoma, and nonseminoma, respectively]. Similarly, high maternal exposures to grouped organochlorines and organohalogens were associated with higher risk of seminoma and nonseminoma in the offspring. Summary estimates related to postnatal adult male EDC exposures were inconsistent. Maternal, but not postnatal adult male, EDC exposures were consistently associated with a higher risk of testicular cancer, particularly risk of nonseminomas. However, the quality of studies was mixed, and considering the fields complexity, more prospective studies of prenatal EDC multipollutant mixture exposures and testicular cancer are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Healthy lifestyle is one of the most important factors in the prevention of premature deaths, chronic diseases, productivity loss, obesity, and other economic and social aspects. The workplace plays an important role in promoting the physical activity and wellbeing of employees. Previous studies are mostly focused on individual interviews, various questionnaires that are a conceptual information about individual health state and might change according to question formulation, specialist competence, and other aspects. In this paper the work ability was mostly related to the employee's physiological state, which consists of three separate systems: cardiovascular, muscular, and neural. Each state consists of several exercises or tests that need to be performed one after another. The proposed data transformation uses fuzzy logic and different membership functions with three or five thresholds, according to the analyzed physiological feature. The transformed datasets are then classified into three stages that correspond to good, moderate, and poor health condition using machine learning techniques. A three-part Random Forest method was applied, where each part corresponds to a separate system. The obtained testing accuracies were 93%, 87%, and 73% for cardiovascular, muscular, and neural human body systems, respectively. The results indicate that the proposed work ability evaluation process may become a good tool for the prevention of possible accidents at work, chronic fatigue, or other health problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The starting point of this study is the problematic perspective of focusing only on the final product in spatial planning, while ignoring the planning process, and a lack of certain standards/criteria of the evaluation stage for the internal and external consistencies of spatial plans. Although it has recently attracted significant interest in the field, the methodological use of evaluation is not widespread in planning practice. Evaluation, which is considered to be a simple checking duty in the Turkish planning system (TPS), is not considered in the related literature and legislation. Focusing on the “evaluation stage” of spatial planning, this paper aims to demonstrate the contribution of the previously developed Guideline for Evaluation of Spatial Plans (GESP) in testing and ensuring the consistency of different scale and types of plans prior to their approval. The first phase of the study focuses on the concept of evaluation, reviews a series of related literature for the evaluation of plans, and discusses the evaluation stage in the TPS. In the second phase, the consistency of the selected case area plansafter addition of new resources that comply with the input of the previously developed evaluation framework GESPis examined. This guideline, which is an analytical method proposal, is applied over the selected cases, involving the upper-scale plans that cover Trabzon province and lower-scale plans for some settlements that were selected from within this province. Consistencies of all the plan components (plan sheets, plan report, plan notes, plan legend) of plans with different scales for the case area were tested in terms of the criteria of the developed guideline. Most of these plans were found to be inconsistent, both internally and externally. In the study, it was determined that the plans in fact contained many inconsistencies on their approval without being subjected to such evaluation. Although the study did not focus on the frequency of evaluation of spatial plans, the parties that will make those evaluations, and how to use their output, it provides basis for future studies. The “evaluation stage”, an important theoretical issue in the international literature, is exemplified for both how it would be handled and tested in practice. Identifying the needs, processes, and problems related to the evaluation stage, mainly for its ex-ante stage, will allow the TPS to intervene in the preparation of plans before their approval. This may have a positive impact on the production of final plans that are more comprehensive, and do not require continuous changes during the planning process. The introduced use of the guideline will contribute to the limited number of studies, concerning the evaluation stage of the spatial plans in Türkiye, besides guiding the related possible legal regulations regarding the TP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Weight loss interventions have not been advocated for overweight/obese older adults due to potential loss of skeletal muscle and strength impacting on physical function with potential loss of independence. Carotenoids and polyphenols are inversely associated with sarcopenic symptomology. This paper reports the protocol of a study evaluating the efficacy of a high-protein, energy restricted diet rich in carotenoids and polyphenols on body composition, muscle strength, physical performance and quality of life in overweight and obese older adults.Methods: This randomised controlled clinical trial will recruit community-dwelling, healthy overweight and obese older adults (≥60 years) for a 12-week weight loss intervention. Seventy-three participants will be recruited and randomized to an energy restricted (~30% restriction), isocaloric diet (30% protein; 30% carbohydrate; 40% fat) enriched with either: a) 375 g/d of high carotenoid vegetables, 300 g/d high carotenoid fruit, and 40-60 ml extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO); or b) 375 g/d of lower carotenoid vegetables, 300 g/d lower carotenoid fruit, and 40-60 ml Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) based oil. All participants will receive individual dietary counselling each fortnight for the duration of the study and will be asked to maintain their habitual level of physical activity throughout the study. The primary outcome will be appendicular skeletal muscle (ASM) assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Secondary outcomes will include body weight, fat-free mass (FFM), fat mass (FM), muscle strength (Isometric hand-grip strength), physical performance (Short Physical Performance Battery), physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire) and health related quality of life (SF-36). Outcomes will be measured at baseline and at week 12.Discussion: The results of this study will provide a novel insight relating to the potential influence of high carotenoid and polyphenol intakes on attenuation of ASM during dietary energy-restricted weight loss in overweight and obese older adults.Trial Registration: The trial was registered on the Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Register ( ACTRN12616001400459 ); Trial registration date: 10th October, 2016. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In recent years, with the development of artificial intelligence, the use of deep learning technology for clinical information extraction has become a new trend. Clinical Event Detection (CED) as its subtask has attracted the attention from academia and industry. However, directly applying the advancements in deep learning to CED task often yields unsatisfactory results. The main reasons are due to the following two points: (1) A great number of obscure professional terms in the electronic medical record leads to poor recognition performance of model. (2) The scarcity of datasets required for the task leads to poor model robustness. Therefore, it is urgent to solve these two problems to improve model performance.Methods: This paper proposes a combining data augmentation and domain information with TENER Model for Clinical Event Detection.Results: We use two evaluation metrics to compare the overall performance of the proposed model with the existing model on the 2012 i2b2 challenge dataset. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed model achieves the best F1-score of 80.26%, type accuracy of 93% and Span F1-score of 90.33%, and outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches.Conclusions: This paper proposes a multi-granularity information fusion encoder-decoder framework, which applies the TENER model to the CED task for the first time. It uses the pre-trained language model (BioBERT) to generate word-level features, solving the problem of a great number of obscure professional terms in the electronic medical record lead to poor recognition performance of model. In addition, this paper proposes a new data augmentation method for sequence labeling tasks, solving the problem of the scarcity of datasets required for the task leads to poor model robustness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Over 90% of the 50,000 deaf children in the UK have hearing parents, many of whom were not expecting a deaf child and may require specialist support. Deaf children can experience poorer long-term outcomes than hearing children across a range of domains. After early detection by the Universal Newborn Hearing Screening Programme, parents in the UK receive support from Qualified Teachers of the Deaf and audiologists but resources are tight and intervention support can vary by locality. There are challenges faced due to a lack of clarity around what specific parenting support interventions are most helpful.Methods: The aim of this research was to complete a systematic scoping review of the evidence to identify early support interventions for parents of deaf infants. From 5577 identified records, 54 met inclusion criteria. Two reviewers screened papers through three rounds before completing data extraction and quality assessment.Results: Identified parent support interventions included both group and individual sessions in various settings (including online). They were led by a range of professionals and targeted various outcomes. Internationally there were only five randomised controlled trials. Other designs included non-randomised comparison groups, pre / post and other designs e.g. longitudinal, qualitative and case studies. Quality assessment showed few high quality studies with most having some concerns over risk of bias.Conclusion: Interventions commonly focused on infant language and communication followed by parental knowledge and skills; parent wellbeing and empowerment; and parent/child relationship. There were no interventions that focused specifically on parent support to understand or nurture child socio-emotional development despite this being a well-established area of poor outcome for deaf children. There were few UK studies and research generally was not of high quality. Many studies were not recent and so not in the context of recent healthcare advances. Further research in this area is urgently needed to help develop evidence based early interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper determines the assessment of publications submitted to the UK research evaluation carried out in 2014, the REF, which would have resulted if they had been assessed with the bibliometric algorithm used by the Italian evaluation agency, ANVUR, for its evaluation of the research of Italian universities. We find extremely high correlations between the two assessment approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the rate at which scientific work is published continues to increase, so does the need to discern high-impact publications. In recent years, there have been several approaches that seek to rank publications based on their expected citation-based impact. Despite this level of attention, this research area has not been systematically studied. Past literature often fails to distinguish between short-term impact, the current popularity of an article, and long-term impact, the overall influence of an article. Moreover, the evaluation methodologies applied vary widely and are inconsistent. In this work, we aim to fill these gaps, studying impact-based ranking theoretically and experimentally. First, we provide explicit definitions for short-term and long-term impact, and introduce the associated ranking problems. Then, we identify and classify the most important ideas employed by state-of-the-art methods. After studying various evaluation methodologies of the literature, we propose a specific benchmark framework that can help us better differentiate effectiveness across impact aspects. Using this framework we investigate: (1) the practical difference between ranking by short- and long-term impact, and (2) the effectiveness and efficiency of ranking methods in different settings. To avoid reporting results that are discipline-dependent, we perform our experiments using four datasets from different scientific disciplines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In view of the fact that music courses are seldom offered in schools and lack of management, there are many problems in the management system of music and art. In order to improve the learning effect of students in music courses, this paper proposes to build a music art management curriculum system based on the in-depth learning model. This paper puts forward the requirements of in-depth learning in music and art curriculum indicators and puts forward the model framework of music and art learning. Through the combined application of music courses, first of all, the current music course model is compared with Ghostnet music course, Mobilenet music course, and traditional music course to verify that the current music course model has certain advantages in accuracy, precision, recall, and image recognition performance. This proves that the current music curriculum is more suitable for the construction of this model. Secondly, the proposed model has a high score through the comprehensive application of several indicators in the course. Finally, under the model constructed by deep learning, the opening of music courses in schools has also increased significantly and improves the interest point and the application of people on the music art course so as to achieve the final application effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the safety of Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycoside (TW) preparation was evaluated by combining literature research and evidence-based evaluation research, so as to provide evidence-based safety information of Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycoside preparation (nephroptosis) for government decision making and clinical application. In this paper, we propose a network structure inspired by the LSTM gate mechanism. All the research methods of the included references are evaluated by internationally recognized evaluation tools or standards. Prevalence was analyzed according to the type of intervention (e.g., time of administration) and route of administration. The results of this experiment provide methods and suggestions for the evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine nephroptosis in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: MiRNA is a class of non-coding single-stranded RNA molecules with a length of approximately 22 nucleotides encoded by endogenous genes, which can regulate the expression of other genes. Therefore, it is very important to predict the associations between miRNA and disease. Predecessors developed a new prediction method of drug-disease association, and it achieved good results.Methods: In this paper, we introduced the method of LAGCN to identify potential miRNA-disease associations. First, we integrate three associations into a heterogeneous network, such as the known miRNA-disease association, miRNA-miRNA similarities and disease-disease similarities, next we apply graph convolution network to learn the embedding of miRNA and disease. We use an attention mechanism to combine embedding from multiple convolution layers. Unobserved miRNA-disease associations are scored based on integrated embedding.Results: After fivefold cross-validations, the value of AUC is reached 0.9091, which is higher than other prediction methods and baseline methods.Conclusions: In this paper, we introduced the method of LAGCN to identify potential miRNA-disease associations. LAGCN has achieved good performance in predicting miRNA-disease associations, and it is superior to other association prediction methods and baseline methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper firstly investigates the current situation of English teaching evaluation research at home and abroad and the evaluation of basic English teaching through literature review. Most of the research involves personal experience summary, lack of academic, and empirical research proof. Research starting points are often very similar, with repetitive content. Most of these studies are limited to teaching evaluation or learning specific English knowledge, and the evaluation of teaching methods is limited. The article explains the importance and scope of English teaching evaluation research through the Internet of Things technology and explains that the guiding theories of this English teaching evaluation research are system theory, structure theory, and multiscientific theory. Finally, this paper conducts relevant experimental research and analyzes all aspects of English teaching. Through experiments, this paper finds that students' input and level in collective or group English activities are both above 4.2 points. The self-assessment method obtained a score of 4.8 or more in the teacher's evaluation. It is necessary and realistic to establish an independent teacher-student-centered teacher education evaluation system, to optimize the teacher's beliefs of English teachers, to enrich and update the knowledge system of English teachers, to develop the practical wisdom of English teachers, to focus on students as the center of evaluation and decision-making, and to develop good teaching evaluation and decision-making habits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is an increasing demand for mental health support in primary care, especially for young people. To improve mental health support for young people in general practice, the needs of young people must be considered.Aim: To explore the experiences of young people (aged 12-25 years) on receiving mental health care in primary care and identify the needs of young people who present with mental health concerns.Design and Setting: A systematic review and narrative synthesis.Method: This was a systematic review and narrative synthesis. Six databases were searched for literature relating to young people's experiences of receiving mental health care in primary care. Additional handsearching and manual internet searching were conducted. Narrative synthesis was employed.Results: Five papers and a further two reports from manual internet searching were found, resulting in the inclusion of 1823 young people from four different countries (UK, US, Ireland, and Canada) for synthesis. The synthesis generated four themes: the centrality of a trusting relationship; showing empathy and taking concerns seriously; being given time to talk; and barriers to accessing mental health support in primary care.Conclusion: Young people need a trusting relationship to discuss sensitive issues. To enable high-quality and effective mental health consultations with young people and the development of trust, GPs require unhurried consultations and the ability to maintain continuity of care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article introduces the special section on "Geographical Clustering and the Evaluation of Cluster Policies". We first provide a motivation of cluster policies and briefly review the state of the art in cluster evaluation research. We proceed with summaries of the papers comprising the special section, which take different perspectives and cover distinct facets of cluster policy evaluation. The papers identify challenges for evaluation by highlighting the variety of approaches towards cluster policies addressed at different policy levels. Additional challenges for an identification of policy impact result from the complexity as well as the timing of policy effects. Thus, proper evaluations should employ and combine a broad set of evaluation methods. Based on the main lessons learned, we finally propose several avenues for future research to cope with these challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Current dose-finding designs for phase I clinical trials can correctly select the MTD in a range of 30-80% depending on various conditions based on a sample of 30 subjects. However, there is still an unmet need for efficiency and cost saving.Methods: We propose a novel dose-finding design based on Bayesian stochastic approximation. The design features utilization of dose level information through local adaptive modelling and free assumption of toxicity probabilities and hyper-parameters. It allows a flexible target toxicity rate and varying cohort size. And we extend it to accommodate historical information via prior effective sample size. We compare the proposed design to some commonly used methods in terms of accuracy and safety by simulation.Results: On average, our design can improve the percentage of correct selection to about 60% when the MTD resides at a early or middle position in the search domain and perform comparably to other competitive methods otherwise. A free online software package is provided to facilitate the application, where a simple decision tree for the design can be pre-printed beforehand.Conclusion: The paper proposes a novel dose-finding design for phase I clinical trials. Applying the design to future cancer trials can greatly improve the efficiency, consequently save cost and shorten the development period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]