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This paper uses systems psychodynamic concepts to develop theory about the persistence of racial inequality in U.S. organizations and to inform an approach for disrupting it. We treat White men as the dominant group and Black people as the archetypal subordinate group in U.S. society. In our theory, work contexts that conflate merit with idealized images of White masculinity provoke unconscious distress in White men who aspire to meet those ideals. An unconscious, multilevel defense system, comprising projective identification at the individual level bolstered by a social defense at the organization level, keeps this distress at bay. This system diverts attention away from the real culprit—work contexts that threaten White men's self-worth—by contriving and making credible a substitute problem—a shortage of "qualified" Black people. At the same time, the social defense fuels the very work contexts that pose threats to White men in the first place. The upshot is the persistence of racial inequality. We offer guidance on how to disrupt these dynamics by building mutually reinforcing holding environments where organization members can engage in intrapsychic and intergroup reparative work. We conclude by offering theoretical contributions to the literatures on race, organizational inequality, systems psychodynamics, and masculinity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The most impactful research on pediatric type 1 diabetes (T1D) remains unknown. Objective: We aimed to evaluate the characteristics and impact of the 100 most-cited articles on pediatric T1D. Materials and Methods: Using a predefined bibliometric strategy, the Scopus database was searched for high-cited papers (HCPs) published from 2001 to 2020. Articles were evaluated for data on the publication year, countries, authors, journals, topics, and types. Social network analysis was performed to visualize the interaction among countries, organizations, and authors using VOSviewer software. Results: The top 100 HCPs received 390 to 4634 citations, averaging 773.5 citations per paper (CPP). The funded HCPs (n = 50) had a higher impact (CPP 791.5). The majority of HCPs (n = 83) were collaborative. Classifying by research type, 65 studies were clinical (n = 65), risk factors (n = 27), epidemiology (n = 26), pathophysiology (n = 16), treatment outcome (n = 13), genetics (n = 12), complications (n = 3), quality of life (n = 2), and prognosis (n = 1). The number of authors involved was 1,101, affiliated with 545 organizations in 27 countries; the USA (n = 64) and the UK (n = 24) were the most productive countries, whereas Australia and the UK were the most impactful. D.M. Nathan and J.M. Lawrence were the most prolific authors, while P. Raskin and J.M. Lachin were the most impactful. Conclusions: High-income countries such as the USA, UK, and Australia contribute significantly to high-impact pediatric T1D research. Funding and collaboration improve the impact of citations in publications. Less researched areas such as treatment outcomes, genetics, complications, quality of life, and prognosis should be the focus of future research on pediatric T1D. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Poor communication is a leading root cause of preventable maternal mortality in the United States. Communication challenges are compounded with the presence of biases, including racism. Hospital administrators and clinicians are often aware that communication is a problem, but understanding where to intervene can be difficult to determine. While clinical leadership routinely reviews incident reports and acts on them to improve care, we hypothesized that reviewing incident reports in a systematic way might reveal thematic patterns, providing targeted opportunities to improve communication in direct interaction with patients and within the healthcare team itself. Methods: We abstracted incident reports from the Women's Health service and linked them with patient charts to join patient's race/ethnicity, birth outcome, and presence of maternal morbidity and mortality to the incident report. We conducted a qualitative content analysis of incident reports using an inductive and deductive approach to categorizing communication challenges. We then described the intersection of different types of communication challenges with patient race/ethnicity and morbidity outcomes. Results: The use of incident reports to conduct research on communication was new for the health system. Conversations with health system‐level stakeholders were important to determine the best way to manage data. We developed a thematic codebook based on prior research in healthcare communication. We found that we needed to add codes that were equity focused, as this was missing from the existing codebook. We also found that clinical and contextual expertise was necessary for conducting the analysis—requiring more resources to conduct coding than initially estimated. We shared our findings back with leadership iteratively during the work. Conclusions: Incident reports represent a promising source of health system data for rapid improvement to transform organizational practice around communication. There are barriers to conducting this work in a rapid manner, however, that require further iteration and innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A significant amount of researcher and practitioner effort has focused on developing new chemical controls for the parasitic Varroa destructor mite in beekeeping. One outcome of that has been the development and testing of "glycerol–oxalic acid" mixtures to place in colonies for extended periods of time, an off-label use of the otherwise legal miticide oxalic acid. The majority of circulated work on this approach was led by practitioners and published in nonacademic journals, highlighting a lack of effective partnership between practitioners and scientists and a possible failure of the extension mandate in beekeeping in the United States. Here, we summarize the practitioner-led studies we could locate and partner with a commercial beekeeper in the Southeast of the United States to test the "shop towel–oxalic acid–glycerol" delivery system developed by those practitioners. Our study, using 129 commercial colonies between honey flows in 2017 split into 4 treatment groups, showed no effectiveness in reducing Varroa parasitism in colonies exposed to oxalic acid–glycerol shop towels. We highlight the discrepancy between our results and those circulated by practitioners, at least for the Southeast, and the failure of extension to support practitioners engaged in research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses carbon emissions and value-added embodied in trade between two large developed countries, South Korea and the United States, during 2000-2014. Using multi-regional input-output (MRIO) tables, our analysis reveals that carbon emissions and value-added embodied in exports grew by 19% and 101% for South Korea but shrank by 43% and 7% for the United States. As a result, South Korea experienced a 40% increase in net carbon exports and 243% increase in net valueadded exports. At the industry level, the primary drivers of changes in carbon exports were electricity and basic materials. The majority of industries in witnessed improvements in carbon intensities suggesting improved environmental efficiency. While both countries achieved a decoupling of carbon emissions from value-added exports, substantial year-to-year and sectoral variations were observed. Finally, structural decomposition analysis indicates that domestic supply-side factors played a role in decreasing emissions whereas foreign demand-side factors contributed to emissions increases. In line with the main findings, various implications for policy and future research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The forest products industries play a vital role in the economic, social, and environmental well-being of the Lake States in the United States. While various economic contribution analyses of forest products industries have been conducted to highlight the importance of such industries to regional economies, little effort has yet been made to parse out the contribution of activities in the value chain. The value chain is a series of steps involved in producing goods or services. This study used a matrix decomposition approach to estimate the economic contribution along the value chain through multiple pathways of four forest resource-based industries using wood as inputs: biomass power generation, sawmills, paper mills, and the construction of new single-family residential structures in the Lake States. The direct and indirect economic output values in 2017 resulting from the construction of new single-family residential structures were $19.1 billion, sawmills were $2.5 billion, paper mills were $17.6 billion, and the biomass power generation industry was $759 million. Of the direct and indirect economic output contributed by each industry, the highest percentage of output attributable to the logging industry was observed from the sawmills industry (12%), followed by biomass power generation (9%), paper mills (1.4%), and the construction of new single-family residential structures (<1%), respectively. The percentage of total economic output attributable to the stumpage industry in the region followed a similar trend as commercial logging for all value-chain industries. The relative economic contribution of the value-chain industries to the total economic contribution of the final industry varied based on whether the industry was a primary or secondary forest products industry and the pathways used for sourcing wood inputs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In recent years, tenecteplase has been competing with alteplase as a treatment for acute ischemic stroke given its ease of administration, lower dosage, cost-effectiveness, and better safety data. This paper seeks to analyze academic literature regarding the burgeoning usage of tenecteplase as a treatment for acute ischemic stroke across the world. Method: The Web of Science database was used to collect the data from articles containing the keywords "Tenecteplase" and "Stroke" published from 1999 to 2023. The search resulted in 576 journal articles. This study analyzed metadata related to the country, institution, keywords, and date published for each article in the database pertaining to tenecteplase use for stroke. Results: The United States led in publications (260, 39.93%), followed by Australia (101, 15.51%), and a tie for third place between Canada and China (77, 11.83% each). The three most prevalent keywords were tenecteplase (N = 324), alteplase (N = 284), and thrombolysis (N = 244). The University of Melbourne and the University of Calgary were the leading institutions publishing on the use of tenecteplase as a treatment for stroke. In 2023, the number of publications on the usage of tenecteplase for stroke was the greatest, making up 24.3% of all papers on the topic. Conclusion: The surge in academic papers regarding tenecteplase in stroke in 2023 could be a good indicator of the drug's increasing prevalence as a treatment for stroke. Despite this finding, tenecteplase is currently not an FDA-approved therapy in the US as Genentech, the drug's manufacturer, has yet to file for federal approval for acute ischemic stroke treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) has been widely applied and accepted in the treatment of neurological and psychiatric disorders. Despite numerous studies exploring the effects of DBS on the progression of neurodegenerative diseases and the treatment of advanced Parkinson's disease (PD), there is a limited number of articles summarizing this research. The purpose of this study is to investigate the current trends, hot topics, and potential in research surrounding DBS therapy for PD, as well as to anticipate the challenges of such research. Methods: We searched the Web of Science Core Collection database (WoSCC) for DBS research literature related to PD published from January 2014 to January 2024, utilized CiteSpace, VOS viewer, the bibliometric online analysis platform, Scimago Graphica, Microsoft Excel 2021, and R software version 4.2.3 for data analysis. And we conducted quantitative research on publications, citations, journals, authors, countries, institutions, keywords, and references, visualized the results in network graphs. Results: From 2014 to 2024, papers from 39 journals from 11 countries were among the top 100 cited. Most papers were published in Neurology, with the highest average citations per paper in Nature Neuroscience. The United States (US) contributed the most publications, followed by the United Kingdom (UK) and Germany. In terms of total publications, University College London (UCL) contributed the most papers. The primary classifications of articles were Clinical Neurology, Neurosciences, and Surgery. The top five keywords were subthalamic nucleus, DBS, PD, medical therapy, and basal ganglia. Cluster analysis indicates that DBS research focus on improving quality of life and applying computational models. Conclusion: Through bibliometric analysis, researchers could quickly and clearly understand the hotspots and boundaries of their research field, thus guiding their research direction and scope to improve research efficiency and the quality of outcomes. Although studies indicate that DBS is currently a crucial method for treating advanced PD, in the long run, creating a personalized, lowcost treatment regimen with precise targeting and long-term efficacy poses a challenge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scandals are momentous events with far-reaching consequences for organizations and society, but we still know relatively little about the contextual conditions that enable them. In this paper, we develop and test a theory of the publicization of organizational misconduct—that is, of how an act of wrongdoing by an organization becomes widely publicized, thereby giving rise to a scandal; or receives little coverage, with little or no consequence for the offending organization. We argue that communities have structural features that affect the social cost of making information public as well as its dissemination, shaping the likelihood of organizational misconduct being publicized in the process. We test and find evidence in support of our arguments using data on sex abuse in the U.S. Catholic Church between 1980 and 2010, and exploring the heterogeneity in the publicization of patterns of misconduct by Catholic clergy across dioceses and over time. We conclude by discussing the implications of our findings for the scholarly understanding of organizational misconduct and scandals across settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To examine a series of papers from top ranked orthopaedic journals with respect to the number of citations over a 10-year observation period to identify factors that lead to high citation rates. Methods: The Web of Science database was consulted to identify all published papers from the first-year term of 2010 (January-May) from four top orthopaedic journals: AJSM, Arthroscopy, JBJS Am and KSSTA. The database was used to analyze and compare the papers with respect to their characteristics and citations up to 2019. Basic information for each paper was collected including the author, country, study type and average citations per year (ACY). The most (Top20%) and least (Bottom20%) frequently cited papers were identified and differences were extracted. Results: Five hundred sixteen papers were included with a total of 19,261 citations. Most of the published papers were from the United States (n = 245). On average, a paper received 37.3 citations over the 10-year observation period. The most cited paper was cited 322 times. The most cited study type was randomized controlled trial (RCT) (Ø80.8). The Top20% papers were cited 37 times more often than the Bottom20%. Among the Top20%, the largest group was cohort study (n = 20) followed by case series (n = 19). Among others, the number of authors, the number of keywords and the number of references significantly correlated with the number of citations (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Factors influencing citation frequency were identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Entrustable professional activities (EPAs) have seen widespread adoption in medical education and other health professions education. EPAs aim to provide a bridge between competency-based education and clinical practice by translating competencies into fundamental profession-specific tasks associated with clinical practice. Despite the extensive use of EPAs in health professions education, EPAs have yet to be introduced into chiropractic education. The purpose of this paper is to describe the development and introduction of EPAs as part of 2 community-based chiropractic student preceptorship education programs in the United States. EPAs were developed and introduced at 2 community-based chiropractic preceptorship sites in 5 distinct steps: (1) differentiating EPAs from competencies, learning objectives, and knowledge, skills, and attitudes; (2) identifying EPAs; (3) mapping EPAs to competencies and necessary experience, knowledge, and skills; (4) designing EPA assessment strategies; and (5) implementing the use of EPAs. A total of 13 individual EPAs were developed and mapped to Council on Chiropractic Education meta-competency outcomes and underlying experience, knowledge, and skills. Three assessment tools were created to evaluate student entrustability for EPAs and enhance student self-assessment. The EPAs and assessment tools were integrated into chiropractic student preceptorships at each site. This paper describes the development and introduction of EPAs at 2 community-based chiropractic preceptorship sites. Future research is needed to develop and standardize EPA use and assessment, and to evaluate outcomes associated with EPA use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How people pay is critically important to consumers and businesses alike. Many consumers are choosing to pay for goods and services from an increasing number of options. Tech‐savvy urbanites buy coffee by tapping their phone on a reader. Parents returning from a night out use peer‐to‐peer payment apps, such as Venmo, to pay the sitter. The recent explosion of financial innovations promises faster, more efficient, and cheaper transactions. These increasing digital payment options coincide with decreased number and volume of cash transactions. However, vulnerable populations face more constrained payment choices and often rely exclusively on cash. Without experience, devices, or acceptable credit histories, vulnerable populations may have little access to digital transactions. The advantages of falling digital costs and other benefits thus accrue to the digitally connected. At the same time, those who must transact in coins and paper money are likely to find their relative costs increasing. This paper highlights payment trends and the potential impact on vulnerable populations in the United States as we move toward a cashless society. This paper should stimulate discussions of public policy initiatives to mitigate digital payment issues for vulnerable people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conservation agriculture (CA) is a set of principles thought to be able to enhance crop productivity while minimizing impacts on the environment. The evidence base for CA can be challenging to synthesize because it encompasses many different practices and social and agroecological outcomes. To facilitate synthesis of CA evidence we have created a dataset organizing 218 response variables from five common categories of CA: cover crops, tillage management, pest management, nutrient management, and crop diversification. These data cover the Midwestern United States (U.S.) from 1980–2020. The dataset is also summarized and visualized on the AgEvidence website, which enables users to interactively explore, filter, and download data. We hope this dataset will help a wide variety of stakeholders, including researchers, policy makers, advocacy groups, and growers access the evidence needed to make informed and impactful decisions about how to produce food with less negative environmental impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: HIV affects 1.2 million Americans, with 20% of new diagnoses being 13 to 24-year-olds. Young adult college students are more likely than the general population of 18 to 24-year-olds in the U.S. to engage in sexual practices that increase their risk of STIs. Objectives: This scoping review explores factors that promote or hinder STD/STI/HIV self-testing among U.S. college students. Search Methods: A scoping review of original, experimental (randomized or nonrandomized), observational (longitudinal and cross-sectional), and qualitative or mixed-methods U.S. research was conducted using OVID Medline, OVID Embase, PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science Core Collection, and Cochrane CENTRAL. English-language studies measured STD/STI/HIV self-test kits and college student testing. Selection Criteria: Inclusion and exclusion criteria were used to narrow down articles that addressed barriers and facilitators to STD/STI/HIV testing, and self-testing among college students in the U.S. Results: Database searches yielded 8,373 articles. After removing duplicates, 6173 items remained. After independent dual-title/abstract screening, 100 papers were full-text reviewed. Seven retrieved articles were unavailable, and 93 were selected for full-text screening. After reviewing the whole text, 89 papers did not fulfill the inclusion requirements and were deleted, leaving 4 articles in the final analysis. Conclusion: Additional research on self-testing among college students in the U.S. is urgently required. The results should guide university health policies on the need to cater to the unique requirements of college students by increasing the availability of healthcare and embracing STD/STI/HIV self-testing. This can enhance testing rates, diminish stigmas, and ultimately contribute to wider endeavors to reduce the transmission of infections in the U.S. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to show how the self-exciting threshold autoregressive (SETAR) model might be a suitable econometric framework for characterizing the dynamics of the US public debt/GDP ratio after the Bretton Woods collapse. Our preferred SETAR specifications are capable of capturing the main stylized facts of the US public debt/GDP ratio between 1974 and 2024. In addition, the estimated SETAR models are consistent with theoretical frameworks that look to explain the behavior of the US public debt/GDP ratio before and after the Global Financial Crisis (GFC). Finally, under the assumption of public debt/GDP ratio stationarity, for which we find only limited and inconclusive evidence, this paper provides some arguments for why previous studies, which use the exponential smooth threshold autoregressive (ESTAR) models, logistic smooth threshold autoregressive (LSTAR) models or SETAR-type models for the first differences of the US public debt/GDP ratio, are potentially misspecified on both econometric and economic grounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Stroke is a life-threatening condition that increasingly damages cerebral tissue over time and can lead to serious post-effects, including depression, which can hinder a patient's recovery from stroke and reduce quality of life. This paper aims to analyze the global research landscape of post-stroke depression (PSD) between the years 1900 to 2024 using bibliometric analysis. Methods: The data used in this analysis was collected from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). An advanced search was performed using the keywords, "stroke" and "depression," on July 8th, 2024. From the Web of Science, bibliometric data was then extracted and analyzed in VOSviewer through four categories: countries, number of publications, keywords, and journals. Results: The bibliometric analysis resulted in 2,289 publications from the year 1900 to 2024. A gradual increase in the number of publications on post-stroke depression over the study period was observed. China was found to be the leading country for publications and funding on PSD, with the United States following in second. The top keywords included: "stroke," "depression," and "poststroke depression." The Journal of Stroke had the highest number of publications on depression in post-stroke patients. Conclusion: This study provides an overview of the current trends in articles published on PSD. Depression is an important topic to be considered in post-stroke patients due to its negative effects on post-stroke recovery and reduced quality of life, necessitating a call to attention and support for future research in this field. With continued research efforts led by the United States and China, improved treatments for patients with post-stroke depression can be implemented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: The spread of invasive wild pigs across the United States has been successfully slowed due to the establishment of a national management program. In this paper, we study the effectiveness of the national program by modeling the spread of wild pigs in the absence of intervention. Further, we use the models to assess the value of resources safeguarded from the threat of wild pigs. Our findings indicate that, on average, invasive wild pigs were prevented from spreading to 724 counties, and USD 40.2 billion in resource value was safeguarded over the first eight years of the program. Continuation of the program will deliver additional benefits and further research is critical to understand its comprehensive economic effects. Wild pigs (Sus scrofa) are one of the most destructive invasive species in the US, known for causing extensive damage to agricultural commodities, natural resources, and property, and for transmitting diseases to livestock. Following the establishment of the National Feral Swine Damage Management Program (NFSDMP) in 2014, the expansion of wild pig populations has been successfully slowed. This paper combines two modeling approaches across eight separate models to characterize the expansion of wild pig populations in the absence of intervention by the NFSDMP and forecasts the value of a subset of resources safeguarded from the threat of wild pigs. The results indicate that if wild pigs had continued spreading at pre-program levels, they would have spread extensively across the US, with significant geographic variation across modeling scenarios. Further, by averting the threat of wild pigs, a substantial amount of crops, land, property, and livestock was safeguarded by the NFSDMP. Cumulatively, between 2014 and 2021, wild pig populations were prevented from spreading to an average of 724 counties and an average of USD 40.2 billion in field crops, pasture, grasses, and hay was safeguarded. The results demonstrate that intervention by the NFSDMP has delivered significant ecological and economic benefits that were not previously known. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Screening theory explains how decision-makers search for and use external cues to overcome information asymmetry problems under conditions of uncertainty. We introduce screen credibility, screen necessity, and screen salience to the screener as boundary conditions that determine screen efficacy. We test our ideas in the context of corporate venture capital (CVC) funding aimed at industries where firms do not yet compete. These decisions are fraught with uncertainty, so we suggest that CVC decision-makers use the industry shareholdings of a firm's quality shareholders, who are knowledgeable about many industries, as a screen to help them decide whether to continue or terminate CVC funding in that industry. We also hypothesize that screen credibility, screen necessity, and screen salience to the screener condition the fundamental screening relationship. Analysis of CVC funding termination over a period of two decades confirms our ideas. A policy-capturing study administered to executives with CVC experience offers additional support. Our study thus extends screening theory by identifying the factors that activate a screen within the decision-making process. We also add a unique element to the empirical body of CVC research as we uncover the influence of corporate ownership on CVC decision-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The infusion of algorithms into organizational fields—accelerated by advances in artificial intelligence—can have disruptive effects that trigger defensive responses. One important response involves establishing a boundary around an algorithm to delimit its interactions with its environment—in engineering terms, constructing an "envelope." Yet, we know little about the process through which such envelopes are constructed. We address this issue by exploring how institutional custodians construct envelopes around disruptive algorithms. We empirically examine custodians' responses to the high-frequency trading algorithms that disrupted the field of U.S. securities trading, focusing on the years 2009–2016. Our inductive analysis shows that custodians created an envelope with interconnected normative, governance, and practice "layers" that jointly constrained high-frequency trading. Each layer emerged as custodians "coupled" one element of the field (e.g., its values) to one aspect of the disruptive algorithms (e.g., their impacts). Our study contributes to research on the social dynamics of algorithms by generating novel theory of how envelopes around algorithms are constructed, and to research on institutional custodianship by highlighting the constructing of envelopes as a custodial response to a wide range of threats—including, but not restricted to, disruptive algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For over eighty years, Rule 11 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure has authorized sanctions to combat frivolous legal arguments and factual allegations in some paper presentations. Since 1993, however, the rule has not applied to discovery. This article demonstrates how Rule 11 should be used to deter advocacy based on discovery that has "gone bad" since its initial disclosure. Disciplinary actions, malpractice claims, the discovery rules, and even the inherent sanctioning authority of the court are insufficient to deter lawyers from relying on now-bad discovery papers. Rule 11 would hold lawyers to a duty of reasonable inquiry before relying on prior discovery, including discovery conducted or presented by a prior lawyer or firm. This article proceeds in six parts. First, it generally demonstrates why it matters that Rule 11 apply to now-rotten discovery papers. Second, it employs a 2001 Fourth Circuit opinion to show how a Rule 11 application to gone-bad discovery would help deter frivolity in civil litigation. Third, it reviews the current rule's exclusion of "discovery process" violations, arguing that it does not encompass presentations of discovery once good, but now gone bad. Fourth, it briefly reviews how federal case practices on pleadings gone bad can apply to discovery gone bad. Fifth, it reviews comparable state laws and precedents on presentations of civil litigation papers gone bad. Finally, it concludes with suggestions on how Rule 11 sanctions should be assessed for advocacy of now-bad discovery papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The utilization of antibiotic adjuvants presents a promising strategy for addressing bacterial resistance. Recently, the development of antibiotic adjuvants has attracted considerable attention from researchers in academia and industry. This study aimed to identify the most influential publications on antibiotic adjuvants and elucidate the hotspots and research trends in this field. Method: Original articles and reviews related to antibiotic adjuvants were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database. The top 100 highly cited publications were selected and the visual analyses of publication outputs, countries, institutions, authors, journals, and keywords were conducted using Excel, VOSviewer, or CtieSpace software tools. Results: The top 100 cited publications concerning antibiotic adjuvants spanned the years 1977-2020, with citation counts ranging from 174 to 2,735. These publications encompassed 49 original articles and 51 reviews. The journal "Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy" accounted for the highest number of publications (12%). The top 100 cited publications emanated from 39 countries, with the United States leading in production. Institutions in Canada and the United States exhibited the most substantial contributions to these highly cited publications. A total of 526 authors participated in these studies, with Robert E. W. Hancock, Laura J. V. Piddock, Xian-Zhi Li, Hiroshi Nikaido, and Olga Lomovskaya emerging as the most frequently nominated authors. The most common keywords included "E. coli", "P. aeruginosa", "S. aureus", "in-vitro activity", "antimicrobial peptide", "efflux pump inhibitor" "efflux pump", "MexAB-OprM" and "mechanism". These keywords underscored the hotspots of bacterial resistance mechanisms and the development of novel antibiotic adjuvants. Conclusion: Through the bibliometric analysis, this study identified the top 100 highly cited publications on antibiotic adjuvants. Moreover, the findings offered a comprehensive understanding of the characteristics and frontiers in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We here displayed the global research trends of meteorology and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) as a visual knowledge map by using bibliometrics and revealed the research directions, hotspots, trends, and frontiers in this field. Methods: Using Web of Science core collection as the data source and with CiteSpace and VOSviewer software, we collected and analyzed the annual number of papers, cooperative relationships (countries, institutions, authors, etc.), citations (literature citation, literature co-citation, literature publication, etc.), keywords (emergence, clustering, etc.) of meteorology, and HFRSrelated research data for the past 30 years, and drew a visual map. Results: In total, this study included 313 papers investigating the relationship between meteorology and HFRS. The first paper was published in 1992. Globally, United States had the largest number of publications in this field, and the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention was the most influential institution conducting related research (20 articles published, and the mediation centrality was 0.24). Several small author cooperation clusters were formed; however, the number of papers published by the same scholar and the co-citation frequency were low. Cazelles Bernard (7 articles) published the highest number of articles in this field, and Gubler DJ was the author with the most co-citations (55 times). The most frequently cited journal was Emerging Infectious Diseases. In this field, the top three high-frequency keywords were "hemorrhagic fever," "transmission," and "temperature." According to keyword cluster analysis, the top three themes were dengue, dechlorane plus, and bank voles. The timeline spectrum exhibited that dengue clustering had a good temporal continuity. The trend analysis of emergent words revealed that the research on "temperature," "meteorological factors" and "Puumala hantavirus" has gradually appeared in recent years. Conclusion: This study represents the first comprehensive exploration of global trends, hotspots, frontiers, and developments in the relationship between meteorology and HFRS, utilizing CiteSpace and VOSviewer software. The findings of this study are crucial for elucidating the influence of climate change on disease transmission patterns and offering novel insights for forthcoming epidemiological research and public health interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Aesthetics medicine, a controversial branch of clinical medicine known for its high degree of commercialization, faces numerous conflicts, particularly in some developing countries. The global aesthetics medicine industry requires enhancements of its legal and supervision framework and risk management systems. Aims: This paper aimed to provide a comprehensive visual analysis of academic achievements related to regulatory and legal issues in the field of aesthetic medicine and to identify its development trends and research hotspots. Methods: The Web of Science Core Collection was employed to retrieve relevant studies, resulting in a total of 602 research articles after selection. Utilizing bibliometric methods and CiteSpace, this study analyzed the primary countries, institutions, authors, journals, hotspots, frontiers, and trends in this domain. Results: The findings indicated rapid increases in the number of published papers. The United States emerged as the leading contributor with 131 research papers and the highest intermediate centrality. Eleven keyword clusters were identified, with "adolescence" and "office‐based surgery" being the most recent topics. We also analyzed the trends and frontiers of legal research in medical aesthetics. Conclusion: The importance of informed consent has been increasingly emphasized, and research in the field of medical aesthetics has been gradually expanding beyond individual cosmetic procedures. The management system has become more comprehensive, moreover, guidelines and medical laws have been continually published, with research shifting toward a holistic perspective that encompasses patients, medical aesthetic providers, and regulatory authorities in the study of medical aesthetics regulation and legislation. This paper also proposes some innovative directions for future research and applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Stroke is a cerebrovascular disease with high prevalence and mortality, and upper limb hemiparesis is a major factor limiting functional recovery in stroke patients. Improvement of motor function in stroke patients through various forms of constraint-induced movement therapy (CITM) has been recognized as safe and effective in recent years. This research field lacks a comprehensive systematic and clear vein combing analysis, analyzing the literature research of CIMT in the field of rehabilitation in the past three decades, summarizing the research hotspots and cutting-edge trends in this field, in an effort to offer ideas and references for subsequent researchers. Methods: Relevant literature on CIMT in rehabilitation was collected from 1996 to 2024 within the Web of Science database's core dataset by using CiteSpace6.1, VOSviewer1.6.18, R-bibliometrix4.6.1, Pajek5.16, Scimago Graphica 1.0.26 software for visualization and analysis. Results: There were 970 papers in all United States was ranked first with 401 papers. Alabama Univ was ranked first for institutions with 53 papers. Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair was ranked first for journals with 78 papers, and Taub E was ranked first for author publications with 64 papers. Research keywords were CIMT, stroke rehabilitation, upper extremity function, lower extremity gait balance, randomized controlled trials, physical therapy techniques (transcranial magnetic stimulation and sensory amplitude electrical stimulation), primary motor cortex plasticity, lateral dominance (spatial behaviors), cerebral vascular accidents, activities of daily living, hand function, disability, functional restoration, bimanual training, aphasia, acquired invalidity, type A Botulinum toxin and joystick riding toys. Conclusion: The current state of research shows that CIMT still has a vast potential for development in the field of rehabilitation research. The research hotspots are the clinical efficacy of CIMT combined with other therapies (botulinum toxin type A, transcranial direct current stimulation, virtual reality, mirror therapy, robotic-assisted) to enhance the functionality of upper limb hemiparesis in stroke patients, the mechanism of CIMT to improve the plasticity of the motor cortex through electrophysiological and imaging methods, and improvement of lower limb gait balance function in stroke patients and aphasia applications, the optimal intervention time and dose, and exploration of CIMT in new settings such as robot-assisted, telemedicine, and home rehabilitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Head and neck cancer acts as the sixth most common malignant tumor worldwide with an increasing incidence. The needs and methods of its rehabilitation are diverse and constantly evolving. Objective: This study aims to provide an in-depth depiction and visualization of the knowledge structure, hotspots, and emerging trends within the domain in the past 30 years through utilizing bibliometric analysis. Methods: The literature about rehabilitation for head and neck cancer in Web of Science was collected. CiteSpace and VOSviewer were used to analyze main countries, institutions, authors, journals, subject hotspots, trends, frontiers, etc. Results: A total of 1869 papers have been published since 1994. These publications were written by 874 authors from 514 institutions in 74 countries. The United States published 397 papers in this field and ranked first. Head & Neck is the most widely published journal, with Finizia, Caterina as the core author. The main keyword clustering includes terms such as #0 mandibular reconstruction (2009); #1 functional impairment (2014); #2 device lifetime (2006); #3 head and neck cancer (2003); #4 maxillofacial prosthetics (2004); #5 squamous cell carcinoma (2002); #6 readiness for return to work (2009); #7 total laryngopharyngectomy (2004). The current research frontier that has been sustained is "survivors", "reliability", and "meta analysis". Conclusion: We reveal the current status, hotspots, and trends in the field of rehabilitation for head and neck cancer. And we provided new academic insights into the characteristics and limitations of the field's development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: Long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) is a feasible solution to reduce unintended pregnancy and abortion rates. Nonetheless, the worldwide prevalence of LARC remains low. The LARC uptake depends heavily on healthcare workers because every LARC insertion requires a clinician's visit, and they are a trusted source of contraceptive information. The study is aimed to explore the trend and distributions of global publications related to LARC and healthcare workers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Articles related to LARC and healthcare workers were retrieved from the Scopus database. Eligible publications were limited to research articles, reviews, and conference papers published in the English language with no date restriction. The bibliometric data was analysed using Biblioshiny to obtain distributions in terms of the number of publications, journals, countries, institutions, citations, and keywords. RESULTS: A total of 681 eligible publications related to LARC and healthcare workers were retrieved from the Scopus database between 1967 to 2022. The number of publications was low for the first four decades but increased steadily from 2010 onwards. The leading country in this research area was the United States of America and the majority of the most productive institutions were from this country. Half of the frequently cited publications highlighted healthcare workers' bias, attitude, and practice on LARC provision to clients. CONCLUSION: This bibliometric analysis can guide scholars to understand the global overview of research about LARC and healthcare workers. It may be useful for health practitioners and researchers who are interested in exploring this research area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The proliferation of instruments that define instrument-specific metrics impedes progress in comparative assessment across populations. This paper explores a method to extract a common metric from related but different instruments and transform the original measurements into scores with a standard unit of measurement. Methods: Existing data from four assessment instruments of child development, collected from three different samples of children, were used to create "equate clusters" of items that measure the same behaviour in (slightly) different ways. A probability model was formulated to identify best items and groups to serve as anchors linking the instruments, assuming that items in an anchoring or "active" equate cluster are psychometrically equivalent. Quantification and inspection of item characteristic curves were used to resolve which equate clusters should be active. We simulated the impact of various analytic choices. Results: Simulation confirmed the feasibility of creating a common metric from data collected with different instruments from respondent samples with different abilities. The method performed as expected in an application in early childhood development. Conclusions: The use of equate clusters is an intuitive and flexible way to establish a common metric across instruments and facilitates the transformation of measurements obtained to a standardized scale. Standardizing instrument scores to a common metric allows for population-level comparisons on a global scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogen is a zero-carbon energy carrier with potential to decarbonize industrial and transportation sectors, but its life-cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions depend on its energy supply chain and carbon management measures (e.g., carbon capture and storage). Global support for clean hydrogen production and use has recently intensified. In the United States, Congress passed several laws that incentivize the production and use of renewable and low-carbon hydrogen, such as the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law (BIL) in 2021 and the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) in 2022, which provides tax credits of up to $3/kg depending on the carbon intensity of the produced hydrogen. A comprehensive life-cycle accounting of GHG emissions associated with hydrogen production is needed to determine the carbon intensity of hydrogen throughout its value chain. In the United States, Argonne's R&D GREET® (Greenhouse Gases, Regulated emissions, and Energy use in Technologies) model has been widely used for hydrogen carbon intensity calculations. This paper describes the major hydrogen technology pathways considered in the United States and provides data sources and carbon intensity results for each of the hydrogen production and delivery pathways using consistent system boundaries and most recent technology performance and supply chain data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introduction: Cancer treatments frequently lead to cognitive impairments, affecting a substantial global population. Among various approaches, exercise has emerged as a promising strategy for rehabilitation. However, a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of research in this field is lacking. Methods: We conducted a bibliometric analysis of 10,345 articles sourced from the Web of Science database using the R package "bibliometrix". Our analysis examined publication trends, leading countries, journals, authors, institutions, keywords, and prevalent themes. Results: Over the past two decades, research on exercise interventions for cancer-related cognitive impairments (CRCI) has advanced significantly. Nonetheless, challenges persist in elucidating underlying mechanisms, developing innovative strategies, and creating effective tools. Conclusions: The number of publications notably increased from 1998 to 2023, although there has been a recent decline in citations. The United States (US) leads in both publications and citations, while China is showing increasing influence. Using Lotka's Law in our bibliometric analysis, we identified 58 key authors in the field of exercise interventions for CRCI. Leading institutions such as the University of Toronto and Duke University are at the forefront of this research. Although the Journal of Clinical Oncology has fewer publications, it remains influential. Current research focuses on exercise interventions to enhance the quality of life for cancer patients, with particular emphasis on cognitive rehabilitation in breast cancer and the challenges faced by survivors. Future research should delve deeper into intervention mechanisms, behavioral strategies, telemedicine, and precise cognitive assessment tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This paper reports on the initial outcomes of a new mHealth intervention to reduce diabetes distress (DD) in families of school-age children living with type 1 diabetes (T1D) entitled, 'Remedy to Diabetes Distress' (R2D2). Methods: We randomized 34 families (mean child age = 10 ± 1.4 years; 53% male, 85% White, mean HbA1c = 7.24 ± 0.71%) to one of three delivery arms differing only by number of telehealth visits over a 10-week period: zero visits = self-guided (SG), three visits = enhanced self-guided (ESG), or eight visits = video visits (VV). All families had 24 × 7 access to digital treatment materials for 10 weeks. We examined the feasibility and acceptability of R2D2. We used the Problem Areas in Diabetes-Child (PPAIDC and PAIDC, parent and child, respectively) to examine treatment effects by time and delivery arm. We performed sensitivity analyses to characterize families who responded to R2D2. Results: It was feasible for families to access R2D2 mHealth content independently, though attendance at telehealth visits was variable. Parents and children reported high satisfaction scores. There were significant pre-post reductions in PPAIDC (p = 0.026) and PAIDC (p = 0.026) scores but no differences by delivery arm. There were no differences in child age, sex, race, or pre-treatment HbA1c for responders versus non-responders, though families who responded reported higher PPAID-C scores pre-treatment (p = 0.01) and tended to report shorter diabetes duration (p = 0.08). Conclusions: Initial results support the acceptability and treatment effects of R2D2 regardless of the frequency of adjunctive virtual visits. Characterizing responders may help to identify families who could benefit from R2D2 in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Colorectal cancer is becoming more common in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The challenges faced by communities in LMICs, settings with few resources available, can be compared to rural America, where resources are also limited. Common barriers to taking care of colorectal cancer patients in these communities are variation in individual provider behavior, social determinants of health such as poverty, how healthcare systems are set up, and the number of specialty doctors practicing in these communities. This review also highlights how LMICs and rural American communities have addressed these problems, through projects such as training new specialty doctors, collaborating with larger hospitals, and technological innovation. Finally, as an example, we highlight a new colorectal surgery fellowship program that addresses the barriers to providing colorectal cancer care in a low-resource setting at both the individual patient and provider level, all the way to the systems level. Background/Objectives: Colorectal cancer remains a significant global health challenge, particularly in resource-limited settings where patient-centered outcomes following surgery are often suboptimal. Although more prevalent in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), segments of the United States have similarly limited healthcare resources, resulting in stark inequities even within close geographic proximity. Methods: This review compares and contrasts colorectal cancer outcomes in LMICs with those in resource-constrained communities in rural America, utilizing an established implementation science framework to identify key determinants of practice for delivering high-quality colorectal cancer care. Results: Barriers and innovative, community-based strategies aimed at improving patient-centered outcomes for colorectal cancer patients in low resource settings are identified. We explore innovative approaches and community-based strategies aimed at improving patient-centered outcomes, highlighting the newly developed colorectal surgery fellowship in Sub-Saharan Africa as a model of innovation in this field. Conclusions: By exploring these diverse contexts, this paper proposes actionable solutions and strategies to enhance surgical care of colorectal cancer and patient outcomes, ultimately aiming to inform global health practices, inspire collaboration between LMIC and rural communities, and improve care delivery across various resource settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flash droughts, characterized by rapid onset and development, present significant challenges to agriculture and climate mitigation strategies. Operational drought monitoring systems, based on precipitation, soil moisture deficits, or temperature anomalies, often fall short in timely detection of these events, underscoring the need for customized identification and monitoring indices that account for the rapidity of flash drought onset. Recognizing this need, this paper introduces a global flash drought inventory from 1990 to 2021 derived using the Soil Moisture Volatility Index (SMVI). Our work expands the application of the SMVI methodology, previously focused on the United States, to a global scale, providing a tool for understanding and predicting these rapidly developing phenomena. The dataset encompasses detailed event characteristics, including onset, duration, and severity, across diverse climate zones. By integrating atmospheric variables through their impact on soil moisture, the inventory offers a platform for analyzing the drivers and impacts of flash droughts, and serves as a large, consistent dataset for use in training and evaluating flash drought prediction models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By the end of the nineteenth century, the view of labour as control of the environment for human benefit was being re-evaluated. In the United States, the conservation movement of the Progressive era (1890–1920) brought new attention to the problem of the 'wise use' of resources. Progressive social movements also developed a concern with holistic health and social conditions in rapidly industrialising cities. This paper argues that the formation of the new allied health science of occupational therapy in the early 20th century can be understood as a response to the health and conservation implications of changing relations between labour and resources. An analysis of published sources on the aims of occupational therapy in the Progressive era concluded that the early stage of the profession was structured by dominant Western narratives about humans and nature. Those narratives included the trope of redemption or transformation through labour and the importance of conservation as a response to the squandering of resources, both natural and human. I argue that the early development of occupational therapy was significantly influenced by environmentalist discourse as a therapeutic response to industrialisation and emerging Anthropocene awareness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Oral cancer affects the mouth and throat areas. It is a major cause of death for older people in developed countries. This review looked at how living in rural areas influences oral cancer trends in these countries. The studies from these countries showed increasing rates of oral cancer in rural areas of the US, Australia, Canada, and Europe. Older people are more affected by these cancers than younger groups. The main risk factors are tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and HPV infections. People in rural areas often do not know much about HPV-related cancers. They also tend to use more tobacco and alcohol than city dwellers. Even in developed countries, living in rural areas can lead to shorter lifespans for oral cancer patients. This is mainly because it is harder for them to access specialized cancer treatment centres and advanced medical care. In summary, where people live can significantly impact their chances of surviving oral cancer, even in wealthy nations. Oral cancer is the general term used to describe cancers of the oral cavity and oropharyngeal region. These cancers are one of the leading causes of death in elderly residents within the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) member countries in the 21st century. This scoping review was carried out to assess the influence of rurality on oral cancer trends and patterns among OECD member countries. Four online databases (Medline, PubMed, Scopus, and CINAHL) were searched for studies that reported on oral cancer trends in rural and remote areas in OECD member countries. A total of 1143 articles were obtained initially; among them, 995 papers were screened to include 18 articles for this scoping review. Studies have reported increasing incidence and prevalence in the United States, Australia, Canada, and European countries wherein risk factors such as tobacco, alcohol, and human papilloma virus (HPV) infections were associated with oral and oropharyngeal cancers. Awareness among people living in rural areas about HPV-related cancers was very low, while rates of tobacco and alcohol abuse were noted to be rising more rapidly than among their urban counterparts. Furthermore, the ageing population was most affected compared to the younger age groups of people with oral and oropharyngeal cancer that are prevalent in these regions. Overall, despite living in developed countries, rurality was noted to be a significant factor in the lower life expectancy of oral cancer patients, mainly due to the limited accessibility to tertiary cancer care centres and advanced medical care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the environmental activism of the United Auto Workers (UAW) in the United States under its long-serving president Walter Reuther. While Reuther has been recognised as a powerful figure in post-war liberalism--an industry opponent dubbed him 'the most dangerous man in Detroit' due to the union's bargaining power--important aspects of his environmental activism have been overlooked. In the 1960s, the UAW was America's largest industrial union, and its members worked in an industry that was a major polluter, making Reuther an unlikely environmentalist. Despite this, Reuther--who described himself as an 'ardent conservationist'--carried out pioneering environmental work, reflecting his global travels and commitment to social unionism. Drawing on detailed research in Reuther's papers, this article explores how in the 1960s the UAW fought for expanded public space, particularly national parks, and pressed for clean air and water. In doing so, it often stressed its members' increasing recreational needs. It also established a landmark environmental department and pushed the industry to make small cars at a time when it had little interest in doing so. While there were limits, this article argues that the union was ahead of its time on many issues, especially in supporting stronger government regulation of pollution. For Reuther, environmentalism was a lifelong passion, and he died in 1970 in a plane crash while organising a UN conference on 'Man's Living Environment'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. To provide a bibliographical-historical perspective and main interest in the field of myopia. Methods. In this bibliographic study, the Web of Science Database was searched from 1999 to 2018. Recorded parameters included journal name, impact factor, year and language, number of authors, type and origin, methodology, number of subjects, funding, and topics. Results. Epidemiological assessments were the leading type of article (28%), and half of the papers were prospective studies. The number of citations for multicenter studies was significantly higher (P = 0.034). The articles were published in 27 journals, with the majority in Investigative Ophthalmology, Vision Sciences (28%), and Ophthalmology (26%). Etiology, signs and symptoms, and treatment equally encompassed the topics. Papers addressing etiology, specifically genetic and environmental factors (P = 0.029), signs and symptoms (P = 0.001), and prevention, specifically public awareness (47%, P = 0.005), received significantly more citations. Treatment to decrease myopia progression was a much more common topic (68%) than refractive surgery (32%). Optical treatment was the most popular modality (39%). Half of the publications came from 3 countries: the United States (US), Australia, and Singapore. The highest ranked and cited papers came from the US (P = 0.028) and Singapore (P = 0.028). Conclusions. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the top-cited articles on myopia. There is a predominance of epidemiological assessments and multicenter studies originating from the US, Australia, and Singapore, assessing etiology, signs and symptoms, and prevention. These are more frequently cited, emphasizing the great interest in mapping the increase in the incidence of myopia in different countries, public health awareness, and myopia control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Despite disproportionate rates of mental ill-health compared with non-Indigenous populations, few programs have been tailored to the unique health, social, and cultural needs and preferences of young Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander males. This paper describes the process of culturally adapting the US-based Young Black Men, Masculinities, and Mental Health (YBMen) Project to suit the needs, preferences, culture, and circumstances of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander males aged 16–25 years in the Northern Territory, Australia. YBMen is an evidence-based social media-based education and support program designed to promote mental health, expand understandings of gender and cultural identities, and enhance social support in college-aged Black men. Methods: Our adaptation followed an Extended Stages of Cultural Adaptation model. First, we established a rationale for adaptation that included assessing the appropriateness of YBMen's core components for the target population. We then investigated important and appropriate models to underpin the adapted program and conducted a non-linear, iterative process of gathering information from key sources, including young Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander males, to inform program curriculum and delivery. Results: To maintain program fidelity, we retained the core curriculum components of mental health, healthy masculinities, and social connection and kept the small cohort, private social media group delivery but developed two models: 'online only' (the original online delivery format) and 'hybrid in-person/online' (combining online delivery with weekly in-person group sessions). Adaptations made included using an overarching Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander social and emotional wellbeing framework and socio-cultural strengths-based approach; inclusion of modules on health and wellbeing, positive Indigenous masculinities, and respectful relationships; use of Indigenous designs and colours; and prominent placement of images of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander male sportspeople, musicians, activists, and local role models. Conclusions: This process resulted in a culturally responsive mental health, masculinities, and social support health promotion program for young Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander males. Next steps will involve pilot testing to investigate the adapted program's acceptability and feasibility and inform further refinement. Keywords: Aboriginal, Torres Strait Islander, Indigenous, Australia, male, cultural adaptation, social media, mental health, masculinities, social support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

EU-US data transfers for health research remain a particularly thorny issue in view of the stringent rules of the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the challenges related to US mass surveillance programs, particularly the manner in which US law enforcement and national security agencies can access personal data originating from the EU. Since the entry into force of the GDPR, evidence of impeded collaborations is increasing, particularly in the case of sharing data with US public institutions. The adoption of a new EU-US adequacy decision in July 2023 does not hold the promise for a long-lasting solution due to the risks of being challenged and invalidated – yet again – at the Court of Justice of the EU. As the research community is calling for answers, the new proposal for a European Health Data Space regulation may hold a key to solving some of the existing issues. In this paper, we critically discuss the current rules and outline a possible way forward for transfers between public bodies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chief Executive Officer's (CEO) are integral leaders of health care organisation. Over the last two decades in United States (US) hospitals, it has been noted that CEO turnover rates are increasing, and it was reported that the CEO turnover rates have augmented from 14% in 2008 to 18% in 2017 in the private sector. In Australia, it was discovered that during two years, 41 executives had 18 distinct positions. It has been highlighted that the increasing CEO turnover is a major issue for Australian and international health care organisations. Some of the negative consequences of CEO turnover include organisational instability, high financial costs, loss of human capital and adverse effects on staff morale and patient care. Objective: Our scoping review aimed to map and summarise the evidence associated with CEO turnovers in both health and non-health setting, and answer the following questions: 1. What are the reasons for CEO departure?, 2. What are the strategies to minimise CEO turnover? Results: A protocol explaining the objectives, inclusion criteria and methods for this scoping review were specified in advance and published. This scoping review included 17 studies (13 health and 4 non-health setting) published over a 31-year period that investigated and described the increasing CEO turnover rates. All 17 studies identified causes of CEO turnover along with certain studies identifying facilitators of CEO retention. We classified CEO's departure reasons into three major themes: organizational, performance, and personal. Organisational factors include CEO departures due to issues within the organisation, performance factors include issues with CEO's work and personal factors captures personal reasons for CEO's leaving their job. Conclusion: CEOs are under immense pressure to deliver good results and drive growth while satisfying the interests of internal and external stakeholders. There are various reasons for CEO's departure however the most common factor identified is organisational. Contribution of paper statement: What is already known Causes and consequences of CEO turnover in both health and non-health settings. What this paper adds Three main factors associated with CEO turnover such as organisational, performance and personal factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The United States is increasingly recognizing period product insecurity, insufficient access to menstrual products and limited private spaces for managing menstruation due to financial constraints, as an issue impacting the well-being and dignity of Americans. One strategy to address period product insecurity has been distributing free period products via period supply banks. The outcomes of period product distribution outside the school setting are absent from the literature. Objectives: This study, a formative evaluation of the free period product distribution efforts of the Alliance for Period Supplies, aims to identify (1) characteristics of individuals receiving products from period supply banks and their experiences of period product insecurity and (2) health and social outcomes experienced by recipients of free period products. Design: Survey data collection occurred at two points: baseline and one-year follow-up. All study participants provided verbal consent. Methods: Between Fall 2018 and Spring 2020, 1863 baseline and 80 follow-up surveys were administered. Participants received free period products for themselves and/or a household member from one of 20 participating Alliance for Period Supplies period supply banks directly or from one of their 64 partner agencies. Results: At baseline, 72.4% of participants had to choose between buying period products and another basic need. One year after accessing a period supply bank, 36.3% of participants reported this experience (p = 0.018). Participants reported at baseline, on average, 7.8 days in the past year of avoiding seeing others, canceling appointments, or skipping work or school because they did not have access to period products. At follow-up, this was reduced to 1.2 days, on average, t (68) = 2.214, p < 0.05. Conclusion: Period supply banks play an essential role in facilitating access to period products and the resulting benefits. Our study highlights the need for sustainable, well-funded policies and interventions to address period product insecurity effectively in society. Plain Language Summary: How people in the United States benefit when they get free period products from a period supply bank Why we did this study: In the United States, many individuals cannot afford to buy period supplies and the other stuff they need to live. Period supply banks want to help by giving them free period products. Researchers do not know if getting free period products is helpful for individuals. What we wanted to learn: The Alliance for Period Supplies is a membership program for period supply banks. We wanted to learn about the individuals who get free period products and whether getting them was helpful. What we did: For a year, starting in Fall 2018, we asked 1863 individuals to fill out paper surveys. A year later, we asked 80 of those same individuals to fill out a second survey. We asked participants to take the survey if they got free period products from a period supply bank for themselves or someone they live with. Individuals only participated in the study if they told us they wanted to. What we learned: Individuals who cannot afford period products must navigate difficult decisions between purchasing products or choosing other basic needs. Providing free products through a period supply bank has lessened the burden on these individuals, reducing the number who had to choose. Individuals unable to afford period products may sometimes opt out of going places they want to go for pleasure or miss important events, like work or school, because they do not have period products. Getting free period products has eased these challenges, letting individuals participate more fully in activities and engagements without worry about period products. Why is this important: Period supply banks are essential places where individuals receive free period products. The period supply banks need more individuals, including our government, to donate period supplies or money to buy them so they can help more individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technologies that capture and analyze movement patterns for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes are a major locus of innovation in the United States. Several studies have evaluated their measurement properties in different conditions with variable findings. To date, the authors are not aware of any systematic review of studies conducted to assess the concurrent validity of pressure-sensing walkway technologies. The results of such an analysis could establish the body of evidence needed to confidently use these systems as reference or gold-standard systems when validating novel tools or measures. A comprehensive search of electronic databases including MEDLINE, Embase, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) was performed. The initial search yielded 7670 papers. After removing duplicates and applying study inclusion/exclusion criteria, 11 papers were included in the systematic review with 10 included in a meta-analysis. There were 25 spatial and temporal gait parameters extracted from the included studies. The results showed there was not a significant bias for nearly all spatiotemporal gait parameters when the walkway system was compared to the reference systems. The findings from this analysis should provide confidence in using the walkway systems as reference systems in future studies to support the evaluation and validation of novel technologies deriving gait parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Local tissue destruction following envenomation from North American snakes, particularly those within the Crotalinae subfamily, has the potential to progress to compartment syndrome. The pathophysiology of venom-induced compartment syndrome (VICS) is a debated topic and is distinct from trauma/reperfusion-induced compartment syndrome. Heterogeneity exists in the treatment practices of VICS, particularly regarding the decision to progress to fasciotomy. Associations with functional outcomes and evolution in clinical practice since the introduction of Crotalidae polyvalent immune Fab (FabAV) have not been well defined. Our goal was to identify the potential gaps in the literature regarding this phenomenon, as well as illuminate salient themes in the clinical characteristics and treatment practices of VICS. Methods: We conducted this systematic scoping-style review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Records were included if they contained data surrounding the envenomation and hospital course of one or more patients who were envenomated by a snake species native to North America and were diagnosed with compartment syndrome from 1980-2020. Results: We included 19 papers: 10 single- or two-patient case reports encompassing 12 patients, and nine chart reviews providing summary statistics of the included patients. In case reports, the median compartment pressure when reported was 60 millimeters of mercury (interquartile range 55-68), 66% underwent fasciotomy, and functional outcomes varied. Use of antivenom appeared to be more liberal with FabAV than the earlier antivenin Crotalidae polyvalent. Rapid progression of swelling was the most commonly reported symptom. Among the included retrospective chart reviews, important data such as compartment pressures, consistent laboratory values, and snake species was inconsistently reported. Conclusions: Venom-induced compartment syndrome is relatively rare. Existing papers generally describe good outcomes even in the absence of surgical management. Significant gaps in the literature regarding antivenom dosing practices, serial compartment pressure measurements, and functional outcomes highlight the need for prospective studies and consistent standardized reporting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The issue of pensions has become increasingly topical. This paper presents the ordered weighted averaging real average pension (OWARAP) operator. The OWARAP operator is based on the ordered weighted averaging (OWA) operator and calculates the future average retirement benefit taking into account price changes. Moreover, this work extends the OWARAP operator by using order-inducing variables, generalized means, and probabilities. This paper ends by analyzing the applicability of the OWARAP operator and its extensions in forecasting the real average Social Security benefits for retired workers in each state of the United States (U.S.). The results demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed approach in retirement decision making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides and reflects on an original lesson plan for engaging high school, undergraduate, or graduate students in learning fundamental concepts of environmental ethics. Implementation of this lesson plan effectively promoted critical analysis, reflection, and communication of environmental ethics issues in a seminar for second-year undergraduate students focused on theoretical frameworks and research methods in the field of sustainability. After reading background information about environmental ethics, students worked in small groups to answer questions about ethical issues related to the Dakota Access Pipeline in the midwestern United States. To further apply knowledge about ethics, students independently investigated a second environmental issue of their choosing, using news reports and scholarly publications to identify key ethical questions and interested parties affected by them, then wrote a position paper about how well principles of environmental ethics were upheld in their chosen scenario and how the application of ethics could be improved. In their work, students demonstrated adequate to exceptional ability to communicate knowledge of and apply relevant ethical principles, although the scope and depth of knowledge demonstrated varied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In an increasingly mobile world, the integration of immigrants and displaced individuals is an important factor in creating cohesive and inclusive societies. Integration has different dimensions; this scoping review examines the conceptualization and measurement of economic integration among immigrants and refugees in the United States. Quantitative peer-reviewed journal papers measuring or conceptualizing the economic integration of first-generation documented adult immigrants or refugees in the United States, as well as relevant conceptual or theory papers on this topic, were included in the review. The search strategy included an online search of the Web of Science Core Collection, PsycINFO, Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts (ASSIA), and EconLit. Additional search strategies included scanning the reference lists of studies identified as relevant in the initial database search. An analysis of 72 studies included in the review using a data extraction table reveals seven key domains of economic integration: income and economic security, employment and occupational categories, assets and use of financial services, neighborhood and housing, health, education, and use of public assistance. Income and economic security emerged as the most common indicators of integration in the reviewed studies. Notably, less than half of the reviewed publications had a multidimensional approach to defining or measuring economic integration, and the majority of studies were focused on immigrants, with a smaller proportion dedicated to refugees. This review emphasizes the need for comprehensive frameworks in assessing economic integration among immigrants and refugees, reflecting the multifaceted nature of their economic integration experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]