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Paper‐based materials are widely used in various fields due to their advantages, such as environmental friendliness and sustainability. However, the highly hydrophilic nature of the cellulose that makes up paper‐based materials limits their use. In this paper, micron/nano‐graphite/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) coatings with excellent superhydrophobic and conductive properties were prepared on the surface of filter paper by a simple spraying method. A mixture of micro‐graphite and nano‐graphite was used to form a multistage rough structure on the surface of the filter paper by spraying, and the low surface energy PDMS enhanced the adhesion of the micro‐graphite and nano‐graphite on the surface of the filter paper. The results showed that the samples possessed the best superhydrophobic properties when the ratio of micro‐graphite to nano‐graphite was 1:1, at which time the contact and rolling angles of the samples were 165.4° and 3.2°, respectively. The prepared superhydrophobic samples have good bounce and self‐cleaning properties, while the samples have good mechanical stability and chemical resistance. Additionally, due to the conductivity of micro–nano‐graphite, both particle sizes closely contact the sample surface, creating a conductive network. With a 1:1 ratio of micro‐ and nano‐graphite, the coating exhibits minimal resistance at 1.89 KΩ, and the sample maintains stable conductivity even underwater. The above properties greatly extend the application range of paper‐based superhydrophobic materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon paper is commonly used for catalytic electrode preparation because of its high conductivity, corrosion resistance, and stability. However, traditional electrode preparation methods are inappropriate for highly hydrophobic carbon paper. In this paper, a high‐activity carbon paper catalytic electrode was prepared using multistrategies cold plasma modification to create atomic structural defects, dope N and Cu elements, and introduce oxygen‐containing functional groups. Analyses show that the bombardment of high‐energy particles caused atomic structural defects. Nitrogen and copper entered the carbon paper through plasma‐induced chemical recombination and physical adsorption, reaching 5.26% and 3.83%, respectively. Ethanol‐based plasma introduced oxygen‐containing functional groups to improve hydrophilicity. Finally, the plasma‐prepared electrode exhibited a reduction efficiency of 87.69% in an electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Regulatory aspects of transfusion medicine add complexity in blinded transfusion trials when considering various electronic record keeping software and blood administration processes. The aim of this study is to explore strategies when blinding transfusion components and products in paper and electronic medical records. Methods: Surveys were collected and interviews were conducted for 18 sites across various jurisdictions in North America to determine solutions applied in previous transfusion randomized control trials. Results: Sixteen responses were collected of which 11 had previously participated in a transfusion randomized control trial. Various solutions were reported which were specific to the laboratory information system (LIS) and electronic medical record (EMR) combinations although solutions could be grouped into four categories which included the creation of a study product code in the LIS, preventing the transmission of data from the LIS to the EMR, utilizing specialized stickers and labels to conceal product containers and documents in the paper records, and modified bedside procedures and documentation. Discussion: LIS and EMR combinations varied across sites, so it was not possible to determine combination‐specific solutions. The study was able to highlight solutions that may be emphasized in future iterations of LIS and EMR software as well as procedural changes that may minimize the risk of unblinding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrial waste locks are used as raw materials to reduce harmful effects on the environment and improve environmental performance. Marble clay powder can be used as a filling aid and can fill voids in concrete structures. This article will show you how to use a maximum natural sand alternative in concrete with marble powder and quarry dust. The challenge of the 21st century is to change to a new form that can support the natural system. This necessitates a radical rethinking of how to give the community infrastructure and housing. Making a concerted effort to develop novel, innovative, and alternative construction materials may be necessary. Jungles of concrete around cause's impact on the Environment and it would result in climate change. Mankind must avoid the use of things that are detrimental to the environment. So in this paper, it is decided to address the issue by adopting the use of the green concrete concept which is environmentally friendly. Green concrete is concrete made up using industrial wastes such as marble powder, quarry dust, wood ash, paper pulp, etc. Green concrete, which is capable of sustainable development, helps to reduce the consumption of natural resources, energy use, and environmental pollution. Green concrete is more cost‐effective than ordinary concrete and reduces the cost of resultant concrete by 14%–20%. It is also observed that the alkali‐aggregate reaction and sulfate attack resistance of concrete are both significantly improved. Green concrete is a useful tool for lowering environmental pollution and enhancing concrete's resistance to harsh conditions. All stages of infrastructure construction and rehabilitation will follow this trend of using new cement and techniques. Green concrete's adaptability and its performance derivatives will meet a variety of future needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The terrible shuttling of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) is a major obstacle for commercializing lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries as high‐performance energy storage systems. In this study, a carbon‐based interlayer with effective suppression capability on the shuttle effect is developed by simply coating a well‐dispersed mixture of soybean protein isolate/MXene onto the acidified carbon paper (ACP). The resultant composite interlayer (SM@ACP) is able to synergistically diminish the shuttle effect through chemical adsorption and physical blocking. Meanwhile, this interlayer displays excellent conductivity and facilitates the diffusion of Li ions due to the composite coating to promote both electron/ion conduction as well as the porous structure of ACP. Benefiting from the unique properties of the composite interlayer, the as‐assembled Li–S batteries with SM@ACP interlayers show a great improvement in the cycling stability and rate performance, delivering a very low‐capacity decay rate of 0.071% per cycle at 0.5 C even after 800 cycles. This work provides a feasible route to realize rational design and commercial mass production of desirable interlayers for promoting the commercialization of Li–S batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interventions targeting cognitive control processes, such as Executive Functions (EF) have recently been experimented to enhance early math skills. This pilot study explored the feasibility and effectiveness of an intervention integrating EF activities into the mathematical domain among second‐grade students. One hundred and four typically‐developing‐children were assigned to either a group that underwent the intervention (Trained Group; n = 58) or a group that continued with daily didactic activities (Control Group; n = 46). The training lasted for 8 weeks and included both home‐based digital and school‐based paper activities. According to teachers' feedback, the intervention was highly appreciated by children and compatible with classical school curricula. The Trained Group improved in behavioral self‐regulation, math abilities and problem‐solving in comparison to the Control Group. Notably, within the Trained Group, benefits of the training were higher in children with high working memory. This training offers a model to support math learning in primary school, considering inter‐individual differences in EF. Early mathematical skills can be enhanced through cognitive control processes, notably Executive Functions (EF). This study proposes an intervention that combines EF activities with mathematical and problem‐solving exercises. The evaluation by participating teachers indicates that the intervention was both feasible and integrated into the school curriculum. The results show that the Trained Group exhibited improvements in behavioral self‐regulation, mathematical skills and problem‐solving, surpassing the achievement of the Control Group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Complex polymers represent a challenge for remediating environmental pollution and an opportunity for microbial‐catalysed conversion to generate valorized chemicals. Members of the genus Streptomyces are of interest because of their potential use in biotechnological applications. Their versatility makes them excellent sources of biocatalysts for environmentally responsible bioconversion, as they have a broad substrate range and are active over a wide range of pH and temperature. Most Streptomyces studies have focused on the isolation of strains, recombinant work and enzyme characterization for evaluating their potential for biotechnological application. This review discusses reports of Streptomyces‐based technologies for use in the textile and pulp‐milling industry and describes the challenges and recent advances aimed at achieving better biodegradation methods featuring these microbial catalysts. The principal points to be discussed are (1) Streptomyces' enzymes for use in dye decolorization and lignocellulosic biodegradation, (2) biotechnological processes for textile and pulp and paper waste treatment and (3) challenges and advances for textile and pulp and paper effluent treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper, an inexpensive material with natural biocompatibility, non‐toxicity, and biodegradability, allows for affordable and cost‐effective substrates for unconventional advanced electronics, often called papertronics. On the other hand, polymeric elastomers have shown to be an excellent success for substrates of soft bioelectronics, providing stretchability in skin wearable technology for continuous sensing applications. Although both materials hold their unique advantageous characteristics, merging both material properties into a single electronic substrate reimagines paper‐based bioelectronics for wearable and patchable applications in biosensing, energy generation and storage, soft actuators, and more. Here, a breathable, light‐weighted, biocompatible engineered stretchable paper is reported via coaxial nonwoven microfibers for unconventional bioelectronic substrates. The stretchable papers allow intimate bioconformability without adhesive through coaxial electrospinning of a cellulose acetate polymer (sheath) and a silicone elastomer (core). The fabricated cellulose‐silicone fibers exhibit a greater percent strain than commercially available paper while retaining hydrophilicity, biocompatibility, combustibility, disposable, and other natural characteristics of paper. Moreover, the nonwoven stretchable cellulose‐silicone fibrous mat can adapt conventional printing and fabrication process for paper‐based electronics, an essential aspect of advanced bioelectronic manufacturing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to investigate whether there are differences in handwritten Chinese signatures on different media including paper and electronic devices. Participants were asked to sign specified names on various types of media and the signatures were scanned or saved digitally for subsequent analysis. In this study, using convolutional neural networks and Siamese neural networks as classifiers and comparators, the performance plunge is revealed and thus considerable dissimilarity between the signatures on different media is implied. To further explore this, cubic Bézier curves are fitted to the signatures using the least square method for quantitative statistical analysis. By analyzing the visual changes in the morphology of strokes, several features of signatures are selected and computed, and the paired t‐test and the Wilcoxon signed‐rank test are implemented, which provides a deeper substantiation and explanation of the findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key points: Academia is already witnessing the abuse of authorship in papers with text generated by large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT.LLM‐generated text is testing the limits of publishing ethics as we traditionally know it.We alert the community to imminent risks of LLM technologies, like ChatGPT, for amplifying the predatory publishing 'industry'.The abuse of ChatGPT for the paper mill industry cannot be over‐emphasized.Detection of LLM‐generated text is the responsibility of editors and journals/publishers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

X-ray spectroscopy is a valuable technique for the study of many materials systems. Characterizing reactions in situ and operando can reveal complex reaction kinetics, which is crucial to understanding active site composition and reaction mechanisms. In this project, the design, fabrication and testing of an open-source and easy-to-fabricate electrochemical cell for in situ electrochemistry compatible with X-ray absorption spectroscopy in both transmission and fluorescence modes are accomplished via windows with large opening angles on both the upstream and downstream sides of the cell. Using a hobbyist computer numerical control machine and free 3D CAD software, anyone can make a reliable electrochemical cell using this design. Onion-like carbon nanoparticles, with a 1:3 iron-to-cobalt ratio, were drop-coated onto carbon paper for testing in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Cyclic voltammetry of the carbon paper showed the expected behavior, with no increased ohmic drop, even in sandwiched cells. Chronoamperometry was used to apply 0.4 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode, with and without 15 min of oxygen purging to ensure that the electrochemical cell does not provide any artefacts due to gas purging. The XANES and EXAFS spectra showed no differences with and without oxygen, as expected at 0.4 V, without any artefacts due to gas purging. The development of this open-source electrochemical cell design allows for improved collection of in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy data and enables researchers to perform both transmission and fluorescence simultaneously. It additionally addresses key practical considerations including gas purging, reduced ionic resistance and leak prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Flexible surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates such as paper‐based substrates show great potential for rapid detection of residual chemicals on food surfaces. However, controlling the density and distribution of metallic nanoparticles adsorbed on the paper is still challenging. RESULTS: The amount of gold (Au) nanospheres (51 ± 4 nm) attached on the filter paper modified with 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) was tunable, increasing as the level of APTES (2.5–15.0 g kg−1) applied for paper modification increased. Moreover, the Au nanospheres were relative evenly distributed on the filter paper modified with 2.5–10.0 g kg−1of APTES, which resulted in excellent intra‐ and inter‐reproducibility of SERS signals for pesticides including thiram, diquat dibromide, and paraquat dichloride (relative standard deviation = 2.2–10.1%). The modified paper‐based substrate could be used to detect as low as 0.05–0.2 mg L−1 of pesticides in standard solutions, and as low as 5–20 ng cm−2 of residual pesticides on apple skins with minimum sample pretreatment. CONCLUSION: This paper‐based substrate with tunable feature for the density and distribution of nanoparticles is applicable for rapid SERS detection of residual pesticides in fruits and vegetables. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: This work proposes the use of a simple, inexpensive method for the hydrothermal synthesis of fluorescent carbon dot nanoparticles (CDs) from rice starch aimed at the determination of Hg2+ in water. The proposed method involved using a paper‐based analytical device coupled to a 3D plate, with a UV‐LED chamber and a smartphone for the acquisition and analysis of the fluorescence digital images of the CDs. RESULTS: The size of the carbon dots ranged from 0.5 to 3 nm, with an average particle size of ~1 nm. The functionalization of carbon dots with methimazole allowed a high selective for Hg2+ determination. The results obtained showed a linear response R2 of 0.997 and Hg2+ concentration in the range of 0.5–45.0 μmol L−1 with a limit of detection and limit of quantitation of 0.23 and 0.62 μmol L−1, respectively. The results of the study show that there were no significant differences, at 95% confidence level, between the data obtained from the application of the proposed method and the reference method. CONCLUSION: The proposed method is in line with the principles of green chemistry, as it involves the use of renewable sources for starch extraction and a hydrothermal synthesis process that does not employ toxic reagents. In addition, the method employs only 15 μL reagent/sample. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Personalized healthcare management is an emerging field that requires the development of environment‐friendly, integrated, and electrochemical multimodal devices. In this study, the concept of integrated paper‐based biosensors (IFP−Multi) for personalized healthcare management is introduced. By leveraging ink printing technology and a ChatGPT–bioelectronic interface, these biosensors offer ultrahigh areal‐specific capacitance (74633 mF cm−2), excellent mechanical properties, and multifunctional sensing and humidity power generation capabilities. More importantly, the IFP−Multi devices have the potential to simulate deaf‐mute vocalization and can be integrated into wearable sensors to detect muscle contractions and bending motions. Moreover, they also enable monitoring of physiological signals from various body parts, such as the throat, nape, elbow, wrist, and knee, and successfully record sharp and repeatable signals generated by muscle contractions. In addition, the IFP−Multi devices demonstrate self‐powered handwriting sensing and moisture power generation for sweat‐sensing applications. As a proof‐of‐concept, a GPT 3.5 model‐based fine‐tuning and prediction pipeline that utilizes recorded physiological signals through IFP−Multi is showcased, enabling artificial intelligence with multimodal sensing capabilities for personalized healthcare management. This work presents a promising and ecofriendly approach to developing paper‐based electrochemical multimodal devices, paving the way for a new era of healthcare advancements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Information on breastfeeding and safety of biologics in infants is lacking due to difficulties in case collection. We evaluated methods for determining the concentration of biologics in breast milk using a dry filter method that can simplify the collection, storage and transport of breast milk. Methods: To generate dried filter paper (DFP) samples, approximately 30 μL of breast milk was placed onto a Whatman 903 card and punched out. After extraction, the supernatant was measured using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Three concentrations of each drug were prepared in liquid breast milk (LBM) and DFP samples to determine their stability up to 28 days after storage at 2–8°C or −20°C for LBM and 25 ± 5°C for DFP. LBM and DFP samples were also provided by nursing mothers using biologics during lactation, and drug concentrations in both samples were compared. The agreement between the two measurement methods was confirmed by Bland–Altman analysis. Results: Breast milk was provided by 12 mothers who used biologics (tocilizumab, abatacept, etanercept, golimumab, sarilumab and belimumab). The coefficients of variation for within‐run and between‐run precision for the six drugs were within 15% for both LBM and DFP, and accuracy was within 90%–110% of the quality controls. After 28 days, concentrations remained at more than 90%. The difference between the values obtained by each method was within the acceptable range of error (−12.1 to +16.6 ng/mL). Conclusions: A method for determining the concentration of biologics using DFP is expected to help improve pharmacotherapy for lactating women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Addressing solid waste recycling, this study aims to develop biodegradable kraft paper from buffing dust (BD) and post‐consumed jute fiber (JF). Employing a simple solution casting method with a polyurethane binder, the kraft paper was fabricated and characterized using UV–Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, SEM, TGA, OTR, biodegradability, and tensile tests. The findings revealed covalent and hydrogen bonding between BD and JF, forming a uniform surface. Notably, the composite exhibited improved thermal stability, enhanced gas barrier properties, and biodegradability compared to individual components. Furthermore, the composite also showed 57% higher tensile strength, 38% greater elongation, 20% increased hardness, and 9% higher density compared to buffing dust. Compared to jute fiber, the increases were 125%, 91%, 30%, and 19% respectively. Moreover, the composite excelled in gas barrier performance, surpassing BD and JF by a remarkable 61% and 73% increase respectively. These significant findings underscore the vast potential of the composite kraft paper as a versatile material suitable for various applications, including packaging, interior furnishing industries, and reinforcing elements in the footwear industry. By addressing waste management and promoting sustainability, this research contributes to the development of eco‐friendly materials that align with contemporary environmental concerns. Highlights: Covalent and hydrogen bonding enhance uniformity.Biodegradable kraft paper with improved properties.Impressive tensile strength, elongation, and hardness.Versatile material for eco‐friendly applications.Promotes sustainability and waste management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research presented in this paper introduces a novel environmental energy‐harvesting technology that harnesses electricity from the evaporation of water using porous structural materials. Specifically, a strategy employing paper‐based hydroelectric generators (p‐HEGs) is proposed to capture the energy produced during water evaporation and convert it into usable electricity. The p‐HEGs offer several advantages, including simplicity in fabrication, low cost, and reusability. To evaluate their effectiveness, the water evaporation‐induced electrical output performance of four different p‐HEGs are compared. Among the variants tested, the p‐HEG combining wood pulp and polyester fiber exhibits the best output performance. At room temperature, this particular p‐HEG generates a short‐circuit current and open‐circuit voltage of ≈0.4 µA and 0.3 V, respectively, thereby demonstrating excellent electrical stability. Furthermore, the electrical current and voltage generated by the p‐HEG through water evaporation are able to power an LED light, both individually and in series and parallel connections. This study delves into the potential of electricity harvesting from water evaporation and establishes it as a viable method for renewable energy applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) derived nanostructures receive immense research focus due to its high porosity, conductivity, and structural tailrolability features. In this work, porous Zeolitic Imidazole Framework‐67 (ZIF‐67) to synthesize cobalt phosphide/carbon composite (ZCoPC) that serves as a positive electrode is utilized. Furthermore, porous and conductive office paper derived carbon (OPC) are utilized as a negative electrode to make a hybrid system. The metalloid characteristics, high conductivity, and good porosity of ZCoPC material makes it a high‐performance battery like electrode. ZCoPC electrode achieves maximum specific capacity of 192.6 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 using 1 m potassium hydroxide (KOH) electrolyte. Furthermore, surface and diffusion charge participation investigation are also undergone for ZCoPC electrode that helps in determining the actual charge dynamics occurring in the electrode. In addition, a supercapattery device is assembled using ZCoPC as battery electrode and OPC as supercapacitor electrode. The as fabricated OPC//ZCoPC hybrid supercapattery device delivers extraordinary energy density of 31.6 Wh kg−1 with a power density of 700 W kg−1 and also a long cycle life of 92.3% even after 10,000 charge–discharge cycles. Hence, these outcomes demonstrate that the synergy of porous MOF derived metal phosphide and OPC electrodes are beneficial for supercapattery devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aspergillus species have been highlighted in enzyme production looking for industrial applications, notably, amylases are one of the most interesting enzymes. They are capable of hydrolyzing α‐glycosidic linkages of starch and widely used in industrial processes to produce ethanol, glucose, and fructose syrup as well as in the textiles, detergents, and paper industries applications. In this context, this work aimed at the biochemical characterization of the glucoamylase from Aspergillus japonicus and its application in the bio‐bleaching process of recycled paper. The optimum temperature and pH for the glucoamylase assay were standardized as 50°C and 5.5. After 1 h of incubation, glucoamylase retained 90% of its activity at 30–50°C. It also kept 70% of its activity in the pH range of 4.0–6.5 after an hour of incubation. The enzyme led to an increase of 30% in the relative whiteness of 10 dry grams of sulfite paper and magazine paper when applied along with commercial cellulase and 10 mM MnCl2. In addition, after the treatments, the glucoamylase recovered activity was 30%–32%, which indicates a prolonged availability of the enzyme and can considerably curtail the redundant downstream process of the recycled paper bio‐bleaching. Thus, the glucoamylase from A. japonicus has a significant role in bio‐bleaching recycled paper, reducing the necessity of hard chemicals, and improving the industrial process in an interesting economic and ecological mode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Avoiding financial losses requires preventing catastrophic oil‐filled power transformer breakdowns. Continuous online transformer monitoring is needed. The authors use paper insulation to evaluate transformer health for continuous online transformer monitoring. The study suggests a new artificial intelligence method for estimating paper insulation residual life in oil‐immersed power transformers. The four artificial intelligence models use backpropagation‐based neural networks to predict paper insulation lifespan. Four primary transformer insulating paper failure indices—degree of polymerisation, 2‐furfuraldehyde, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide—form the basis of these models. Each model, including the backpropagation‐based neural networks, estimates paper insulation life using one failure index, along with moisture and temperature data. Optimisation techniques enhance hidden layer neurons and epoch count for improved performance. Results are validated against literature‐based life models, establishing a precise input–output correlation. This method accurately predicts the remaining useable life of power transformer paper insulation, enabling utilities to take proactive measures for safe and efficient transformer operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To compare the urine Congo‐red dot paper test (CRD) with dipstick urinalysis to screen preeclampsia (PE). A total of 409 paired spot urine samples were obtained prospectively from women with suspected pre‐eclampsia attending for routine hospital visits. Congo‐red dot paper test and dipstick urinalysis were examined and compared to screen pre‐eclampsia. The agreement between the two urinary test is modest (kappa coefficient = 0.28, 95% CI 0.14–0.42). The specificity of CRD was higher than urinalysis (97.4% vs. 90.4%, p <.001). Urinalysis performed better in sensitivity (77.3% vs. 40.9%, p =.04) and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) (0.84 [95% CI 0.74–0.94] vs. 0.69 [95% CI 0.55–0.83], p =.04) than CRD, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, AUC of the parallel test of them is 86.4% (64.0%–96.4%), 89.1% (85.5%–92.0%), and 0.88 (95% CI 0.79–0.96). And the serial test is 31.8% (14.7%–54.9%), 98.7% (96.8%–99.5%), 0.65 (95% CI 0.51–0.79), accordingly. The urinalysis is a better diagnosing test for preeclampsia. CRD could aid in the diagnosis of patients with preeclampsia. Combined the two tests in suspected patients may further improve the performance in the diagnosis of preeclampsia. Further study need to be made for its potential clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aims to analyze and visualize the top dental papers from 2012 to 2022 using data from essential science indicators (ESIs). Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted using library and retrospective bibliometric analysis methods. Additionally, a science map has been created. Web of Science was searched on January 18, 2023. The results were limited to the top papers in ESIs. The bibliometric information of the top papers was evaluated. Next, the VOSviewer was used to perform a co‐occurrence analysis and visualize data. Results: The findings showed that Mariano Belén Sanz and Maurizio S. Tonetti were the top two authors. The University of London and the University of Bern had the highest number of articles. These articles were published in 55 journals. According to the analysis of keyword co‐occurrence, the most frequently used keywords in the field of dentistry include "periodontitis," "dental implants," "periodontal disease," "mechanical properties," "peri‐implantitis," "oral health," "dental caries," "dental materials," "3D printing." Conclusion: The findings of this study enable readers to pinpoint the authors, organizations, countries, and journals that have made the biggest contributions to the list of the most often cited dentistry papers. In medicine, bibliometric citation analysis is frequently used to assist researchers in learning the fundamentals of a subject and pinpoint subtopics of broad interest for additional study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ecologists have worked to ascribe function to the variation found in plant populations, communities and ecosystems across environments for at least the past century. The vast body of research in functional ecology has drastically improved understanding of how individuals respond to their environment, communities are assembled and ecosystems function. However, with limited exceptions, few studies have quantified differences in plant function during the earliest stages of the plant life cycle, and fewer have tested how this early variability shapes populations, communities and ecosystems.Drawing from the literature and our collective experience, we describe the current state of knowledge in seedling functional ecology and provide examples of how this subdiscipline can enrich our fundamental understanding of plant function across levels of organisation. To inspire progressive work in this area, we also outline key considerations involved in seedling functional research (who, what, when, where and how to measure seedling traits) and identify remaining challenges and gaps in understanding around methodological approaches.Within this conceptual synthesis, we highlight three critical areas in seedling ecology for future research to target. First, given wide variation in the definition of a 'seedling', we provide a standard definition based on seed reserve dependence while emphasising the need to measure ontogenetic variation more clearly both within and following the seedling stage. Second, studies demonstrate that seedlings can be studied in multiple media (e.g. soil, agar, filter paper) and conditions (e.g. field, greenhouse, laboratory). We recommend that researchers select methods based on explicit goals, yet follow standard guidelines to reduce methodological noise across studies. Third, research is critically needed to assess the implications of different methodologies on trait measurement and compatibility across studies.By highlighting the importance of seedling functional ecology and suggesting pathways to address key challenges, we aim to inspire future research that generates useful and comparable data on seedling functional ecology. This work is critical to explain variation within and among populations, communities and ecosystems and integrate this most vulnerable stage of plant life into ecological frameworks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a method to fabricate handcrafted thermoelectric devices on standard office paper substrates. The devices are based on thin films of WS2, Te, and BP (P‐type semiconductors) and TiS3 and TiS2 (N‐type semiconductors), deposited by simply rubbing powder of these materials against paper. The thermoelectric properties of these semiconducting films revealed maximum Seebeck coefficients of (+1.32 ± 0.27) mV K−1 and (−0.82 ± 0.15) mV K−1 for WS2 and TiS3, respectively. Additionally, Peltier elements were fabricated by interconnecting the P‐ and N‐type films with graphite electrodes. A thermopower value up to 6.11 mV K−1 was obtained when the Peltier element were constructed with three junctions. The findings of this work show proof‐of‐concept devices to illustrate the potential application of semiconducting van der Waals materials in future thermoelectric power generation as well as temperature sensing for low‐cost disposable electronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lignin is one of the most abundant bio‐aromatic molecular resources, but it is currently underutilized for energy production in the pulp and paper industry. Unlocking the full potential of lignin could have a significant impact on reducing environmental pollution, increasing the use of renewable resources, and achieving environmentally beneficial economic growth. However, effective lignin valorization requires viable and integrated reaction and separation processes to produce high value monomeric phenolics, such as vanillin and syringaldehyde. The aim of this short review is to summarize the studies on different separation methods of lignin derivatives obtained from black liquor, including extraction, membrane filtration, chromatographic separation, and the combination technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The erratic, intermittent, and unpredictable nature of sweat production, resulting from physiological or psychological fluctuations, poses intricacies to consistently and accurately sample and evaluate sweat biomarkers. Skin‐interfaced microfluidic devices that rely on colorimetric mechanisms for semi‐quantitative detection are particularly susceptible to these inaccuracies due to variations in sweat secretion rate or instantaneous volume. This work introduces a skin‐interfaced colorimetric bifluidic sweat device with two synchronous channels to quantify sweat rate and biomarkers in real‐time, even during uncertain sweat activities. In the proposed bifluidic‐distance metric approach, with one channel to measure sweat rate and quantify collected sweat volume, the other channel can provide an accurate analysis of the biomarkers based on the collected sweat volume. The closed channel design also reduces evaporation and resists contamination from the external environment. The feasibility of the device is highlighted in a proof‐of‐the‐concept demonstration to analyze sweat chloride for evaluating hydration status and sweat glucose for assessing glucose levels. The low‐cost yet highly accurate device provides opportunities for clinical sweat analysis and disease screening in remote and low‐resource settings. The developed device platform can be facilely adapted for the other biomarkers when corresponding colorimetric reagents are exploited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research attempts to fabricate a novel type of pressure‐sensitive adhesive (PSA) tape utilizing epoxidized linseed oil (ELO) as the primary component in an effort to reduce reliance on petrochemical polymers. This raw material comes from the natural renewable resources, making this tape a more environmentally friendly choice in reducing impact on the environment and alleviating resource pressure. The ester groups on ELO are subjected to hydrolysis in order to yield a combination of epoxy linseed oil fatty acids (ELFAs) containing both epoxy and carboxyl groups. By controlling the temperature and catalyst conditions, the epoxy and carboxyl groups undergo a ring‐opening reaction, resulting in the self‐polymerization of the ELFA mixture and the formation of hydroxy‐functionalized polymers. These polymers are then applied as a coating on kraft paper and subsequently cut to produce PSA tapes. The tapes produced using this method exhibit a peak peel strength of 20.538 N per 25 mm. Moreover, the incorporation of glycerol ester of rosin serves to enhance the peel strength, resulting in a higher value of 21.883 N per 25 mm. The utilization of sealing the cardboard box by the tapes also serves as validation for the immense capabilities of the tapes in practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is identified as a promising reagent for fuel cells, reducing the dependency on carbon‐based fuels. In this work, electrochemically synthesized polymers are employed to improve the efficiency of the oxygen (O2) reduction reaction, thus producing H2O2 in an environmentally friendly way. Two aminoanthraquinones, as well as riboflavin (vitamin B2), are successfully immobilized via oxidative electropolymerization onto both glassy carbon and carbon paper. Of the investigated compounds, polyriboflavin shows a high Faradaic efficiency toward O2 reduction, even at a very low potential of only −0.1 V versus SHE. This catalytic effect is present in neutral and alkaline conditions, using both glassy carbon and carbon paper, but highly pronounced in neutral, aqueous solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work demonstrates our effort to develop stimuli responsive cellulose films for the detection of dimethyl amines, a biogenic amine, released during food decomposition. Herein, we demonstrate that thin layer deposition of polydiacetylene‐zinc oxide nanosheets (PDA‐ZnO) on cellulose (CE) paper yields a stimuli responsive strip exhibiting strong thermochromism and solvatochromism against dimethyl amine. The incorporation of Zn nanoclusters within the composite plays an essential role in achieving reversible thermochromism while strong intermolecular interactions promote adsorption of PDA‐ZnO on cellulose paper. X‐ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy reveal that the Zn2+ ions intercalate with PDA bilayer and strongly interact with the carboxylate headgroup of PDA. Furthermore, the reversible thermochromism persist when the nanosheets are deposited on cellulose (CE) paper when assembling PDA‐ZnO−CE paper. In addition, PDA‐ZnO−CE displayed selective solvatochromism allowing the utilization of the paper in the detection of dimethyl amine as it displayed a distinct and remarkable purple to orange colour transition. In particular, the response of the PDA‐ZnO−CE paper in several other organic solvents was poor as no transitions were observed hence its selectivity towards dimethylamine. In conclusion, the incorporation of PDA‐ZnO on cellulose paper is a step forward towards designing of a stimuli responsive packaging material that can detect biogenic amines released during food decomposition thereby preventing food poisoning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extreme events have further complicated the already closely related carbon‐energy system, but little research has focused on the extreme spillovers between energy and carbon markets. This paper combines quantile vector autoregression with the extended joint connectedness approach to introduce a new quantile extended joint connectedness approach to study the extreme spillover between the carbon market, fossil energy and clean energy markets, using daily data spanning from October 15, 2010 to February 25, 2022. The results show that markets are more closely linked at extreme risk, and the spillover is time‐varying and cyclical. The impact of extreme events will strengthen the links between markets. Further research shows different clean energy have heterogeneous spillovers on the carbon market, especially when impacted by extreme events. Finally, the hedging and portfolio effectiveness of clean energy to carbon market also show the existence of heterogeneity, and clean energy can diversify the portfolio of carbon market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new efficient approach to the synthesis of intensely colored 2‐(2‐oxo‐3H‐pyrrol‐3‐ylidene)malononitrile (OP) was developed. Using the reaction of OP with amines, a series of previously unknown colorless organic salts – dicyano(2‐oxo‐2,5‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrrol‐3‐yl)methanides were synthesized, bearing in the structure two fragments of same or diverse amines of different nature (covalent and ionic). TGA‐DTA study of the synthesized salts showed a thermal reversibility of their formation. The introduction of violet OP into paper followed by treatment with amine vapors revealed prospects of using such a system for naked‐eye detection of volatile amines. It was also shown that OP‐based rewritable paper can be created, to which a data can be applied by local heating and erased by the action of amine or temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, paper coated with a polyamide film containing a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) of benzalkonium chloride (BKC) is prepared. Its BKC adsorption ability and selectivity for BKC adsorption are investigated. The MIP is prepared by agitating an ethylenediamine solution containing an azo initiator, BKC as a template material, and methacrylic acid (MAA) as the functional monomer. First, filter paper soaked in this mixture is impregnated with a cyclohexane solution of terephthaloyl chloride and a BKC–MAA–MIP‐containing polyamide film is prepared on the surface of the paper. Paper containing BKC–MAA–MIP adsorbs BKC. The paper with the highest BKC removal efficiency is prepared under the following conditions: 4 mL MAA functional monomer, 2.5 w/v% ethylenediamine, and 10 min MIP synthesis time. The paper with BKC–MAA–MIP selectively adsorbs BKC from a solution containing BKC, tetracycline hydrochloride, and caffeine. Thus, a polyamide film containing BKC‐MAA‐MIP formed on paper can effectively and selectively remove BKC from aqueous environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A gallium‐based liquid metal patterning for paper‐based soft electronics is reported. A method is proposed that is rapid and straightforward liquid metal patterning on a printing paper using selective wetting properties obtained by lyophilic and lyophobic coating. The paper is coated with a lyophilic waterproof agent followed by a lyophobic printing toner with a desired pattern in an inverse pattern. Then a sponge roller soaked with liquid metal is rolled and filled into the exposed waterproof agent coating to create the desired pattern. It is believed that this is one of the most convenient yet quite versatile liquid metal patterning methods. The minimum line pattern width, spacing, and patternable angle are 50 μm, 200 μm, and 3°, respectively. To demonstrate versatility, a university symbol and a map shape are coated with liquid metal. The bending, folding, cutting, pasting, and burning of the light‐emitting diode circuit on paper is also demonstrated. Additionally, the deposition of 3 μm Parylene on top of the liquid metal pattern works as a passivation layer, and no damage is noticed when the liquid metal pattern on the paper is repeatedly folded and bent. Finally, a pressure sensor using the proposed method by measuring resistance is demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study identifies important factors for designing an effective biomimetic paper-based fog harvesting substrate by examining the harvesting properties of different surfaces, including glass, polyethylene, and superhydrophobic paper. In laboratory-scale fogging tests, the wetting behavior of the substrates is characterized, and the importance of the tilt angle of the respective surface relative to the fog flow is elaborated. Because successful fog harvesting requires both efficient accumulation of water droplets on the surface (by condensation and collision) and sufficient but not excessive roll-off of the liquid, the amount of water finally collected is clearly related to the pinning effect, which should prevent the smallest droplets from being carried away by the wind but must not lead to full and permanent wetting of the surface. Coalescence is identified as a major phenomenon to improve droplet roll-off. In this context, superhydrophobic paper indicates to be a more effective water collector than glass or polyethylene, especially when oriented vertically, since it allows the droplets to roll off very efficiently. Finally, the addition of glass particles to the superhydrophobic coating is proposed as a means of enhancing pinning and improving the fog harvesting efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the effect of 1,2,3,4‐butane tetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) crosslinking treatment on the electrical properties of poly‐p‐phenylene terephthalate (PPTA)/cellulose insulation paper to prepare a novel composite insulation paper with low dielectric constant and good electrical performance. Three‐layer PPTA/cellulose composite paper crosslinked by BTCA under various conditions, composite paper without crosslinking, directly mixed composite paper, and conventional Kraft paper are prepared. The morphology and surface chemical composition of the paper samples are characterized. Dielectric, mechanical, and thermal properties are investigated. Results show that the BTCA concentration of 0.2 mol L−1 with a 180°C curing temperature is the relatively superior crosslinking condition to prepare a novel composite with low dielectric constant and good comprehensive performance. The dielectric constant and loss of the novel composite paper decrease to 3.21 and 0.392 at 50 Hz. The tensile strength of the BTCA crosslinked three‐layer PPTA/cellulose composite paper (thickness: 130 μm) has reached 10.01 kN m−1, increased by 41.6% than the directly mixed composite paper. The novel BTCA crosslinked composite paper also shows improved thermal stability. The BTCA crosslinking proves to be a promising method to improve the dielectric properties and electrical performance of the PPTA/cellulose composite paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality, and their association with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk represents a major public health concern. However, assessing CVD risk in women with a history of these conditions presents unique challenges, especially when studies are carried out using routinely collected data. Objectives: To summarise and describe key challenges related to the design and conduct of administrative studies assessing CVD risk in women with a history of HDP and provide concrete recommendations for addressing them in future research. Methods: This is a methodological guidance paper. Results: Several conceptual and methodological factors related to the data‐generating mechanism and study conceptualisation, design/data management and analysis, as well as the interpretation and reporting of study findings should be considered and addressed when designing and carrying out administrative studies on this topic. Researchers should develop an a priori conceptual framework within which the research question is articulated, important study variables are identified and their interrelationships are carefully considered. Conclusions: To advance our understanding of CVD risk in women with a history of HDP, future studies should carefully consider and address the conceptual and methodological considerations outlined in this guidance paper. In highlighting these challenges, and providing specific recommendations for how to address them, our goal is to improve the quality of research carried out on this topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Value co‐creation as a research topic has been a critical proposition of interest to a wide range of disciplines. In recent years, the field of cultural heritage has also developed a range of information practices to promote different forms of value co‐creation. While the body of literature has begun to accumulate, we still lack a comprehensive understanding of conceptual foundations and how value co‐creation is implemented in cultural heritage information practices. This paper conducted a hermeneutic literature review to understand and conceptualize the core aspects of value co‐creation in various cultural heritage information works. In particular, this paper provides a research mapping of the genres of co‐creation in cultural heritage information practices, the actors, and the roles played by the stakeholders. Further, this review provides an overview of the dominant value co‐creation models in the cultural heritage field. It distills the drivers of value co‐creation and the core value consequences that arise from a process perspective. Finally, this paper puts forward a thematic, theoretical, and methodological agenda for future work based on these findings. The review contributes to the literature by proposing an integrated conceptual framework that summarizes the core elements of value co‐creation in cultural heritage information practices. The framework also serves as a call for action, providing a general understanding of the conceptual foundation for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identifying factors that associate with more cited or higher quality research may be useful to improve science or to support research evaluation. This article reviews evidence for the existence of such factors in article text and metadata. It also reviews studies attempting to estimate article quality or predict long‐term citation counts using statistical regression or machine learning for journal articles or conference papers. Although the primary focus is on document‐level evidence, the related task of estimating the average quality scores of entire departments from bibliometric information is also considered. The review lists a huge range of factors that associate with higher quality or more cited research in some contexts (fields, years, journals) but the strength and direction of association often depends on the set of papers examined, with little systematic pattern and rarely any cause‐and‐effect evidence. The strongest patterns found include the near universal usefulness of journal citation rates, author numbers, reference properties, and international collaboration in predicting (or associating with) higher citation counts, and the greater usefulness of citation‐related information for predicting article quality in the medical, health and physical sciences than in engineering, social sciences, arts, and humanities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Owing to their high porosity and tunability, porous solids such as metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), zeolites, or activated carbons (ACs) are of great interest in the fields of air purification, gas separation, and catalysis, among others. Nonetheless, these materials are usually synthetized as powders and need to be shaped in a more practical way that does not modify their intrinsic property (i.e., porosity). Elaborating porous, freestanding and flexible sheets is a relevant shaping strategy. However, when high loadings (>70 wt.%) are achieved the mechanical properties are challenged. A new straightforward and green method involving the combination softwood bleached kraft pulp fibers (S) and nano‐fibrillated cellulose (NFC) is reported, where S provides flexibility while NFC acts as a micro‐structuring and mechanical reinforcement agent to form high loadings porous solids paper sheets (>70 wt.%). The composite has unobstructed porosity and good mechanical strength. The sheets prepared with various fillers (MOFs, ACs, and zeolites) can be rolled, handled, and adapted to different uses, such as air purification. As an example of potential application, a MOF paper composite has been considered for the capture of polar volatile organic compounds exhibiting better performance than beads and granules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper introduces the student‐coined term digital instinct which describes students' disposition to resorting to digital technology for solving problems and doing school assignments. Taking cues from the term digital instinct, the paper describes a student perspective on digital literacy emerging from 100 lived experience descriptions and interviews with 37 Danish upper secondary students. The findings show that students' digital practice is characterised by experience‐based, intuitive and familiar use of technologies. Most notably, students employ digital technologies as cognitive partners that help them carry on with assignments that they initially did not understand, but that they were able to complete with the help of the computer. The study examines the nature of this partnership through the words of the students and identifies how technologies expand student agency but fall short of a reflective use of digital technologies. Recognising the strengths and weaknesses of students' digital practices may inform the concept of digital literacy and encourage teachers to acknowledge the digital instinct as a steppingstone to foster students' reflective use of digital technologies. Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic Students have inadequate command of digital literacies as described in curricular terminology.Students have positive as well as negative perceptions of the value and usefulness of digital technologies in school.Students both over‐ and underestimate their own digital literacies.What this paper adds Students have a fundamental utilitarian conception of digital technologies that either make schoolwork easier or more difficult, and they do not articulate that their use of digital technologies provides them with digital literacies.Students' conception of a digital instinct describes an intuitive and familiar, albeit unreflected, use of technologies where students employ experience‐based and self‐taught methods for using digital technologies.The digital instinct accounts for a feeling of agency among students, manifested in a widespread confidence that they can do assignments and solve problems when they make use of their computer.Implications for practice and/or policy Curricular terminologies struggle to capture what students can and cannot do with technology, and how much they understand the underlying technology.Teachers can involve and build on students' experience‐based digital practices as a starting point for developing digital literacy among students—also as an entry to a curricular perspective.Teachers should acknowledge students' conception of a 'digital instinct' as an important disposition in its own right. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents a novel approach to create a low‐cost and user‐friendly water‐induced actuator based on hydrophobic papers and a simple embossing method. By injecting water onto the papers through microfluidic channels made by embossing, fast and reversible bending actuation can be induced. The actuation angle and speed are dependent on the amount and duration of the water applied, which allows the actuator to be effectively controlled by syringe injection/drawing without the need for an external power supply. A bending angle of >90° can be achieved in ≈15 s, with complete reversal attainable in ≈3 min; and the actuation can be induced again by resting for ≈1 h after the reversal. This work represents a significant contribution to the field of paper‐based microfluidics by demonstrating actuation in a battery‐free, low‐cost, and simple approach, with potential applications in paper‐based analytical devices such as medical diagnostics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Latent fingerprints were successfully visualized using fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) on paper which emits strong fluorescence with a lifetime close to that of fingerprints and thus from which it is difficult for time‐resolved spectroscopy to visualize fingerprints. Latent fingerprint samples on paper were excited using a 450 nm or 532 nm nanosecond pulsed‐laser, and time‐resolved fluorescence images were obtained at a delay time of 6–16 ns in intervals of 1 ns, to the excitation pulse. The excitation beam was expanded using a lens, and the fluorescence from the fingerprints was captured using an intensified CCD camera. Because of the large fluorescence intensity of the background paper of approximately two to four orders of magnitude larger than that of the fingerprint, the fingerprint was not visualized on each fluorescence image by time‐resolved spectroscopy. However, the fingerprint was visualized in a FLIM image constructed using a series of the fluorescence images for the case with the fluorescence intensity of the background paper being four orders of magnitude larger than that of the fingerprint. The difference in fluorescence lifetime in the FLIM image of the visualized fingerprint and background paper was in the order of 0.1 ns, which was an order of magnitude smaller than the inherent fluorescence lifetime of a few nanoseconds for the fingerprints and paper. It was demonstrated that, at a background fluorescence intensity with a certain order of magnitude larger than that of fingerprints, FLIM has the potential to visualize latent fingerprints which cannot be visualized by time‐resolved spectroscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Publishing in premier journals is a multifaceted challenge that requires not only conducting impactful research but also mastering the art of scholarly writing. This article offers a comprehensive guide, specifically tailored for quantitative research, a dominant methodology in premier journals. The guide systematically navigates through each section of a quantitative research paper—title, abstract, keywords, introduction, literature review, methodology, results, discussion, conclusion, and references—providing clear, actionable advice. Drawing from a research publication in a Q1‐ranked journal as an illustration, this guide elucidates the nuances of constructing an engaging and rigorous quantitative research paper. The guide also delves into the expectations of editors and reviewers, offering innovative strategies and insights to enhance the clarity, coherence, and persuasiveness of submissions. Designed to resonate deeply with quantitative scholars, this guide empowers researchers to craft research papers that not only align but surpass the expectations of premier journals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper outlines the theoretical and empirical basis for compassion focused therapy (CFT) for psychosis, the gaps in the current knowledge and research, as well as some of the challenges for addressing gaps. It will guide the direction of future work and the steps needed to develop and advance this approach. Method: This paper reviews evidence of how evolutionary models such as social rank theory and attachment theory have greatly contributed to our understanding of psychosis and provide a clear rationale and evidence base for the mechanisms of change in CFT for psychosis. It reviews the evidence for outcomes of compassion training more generally, and early feasibility evaluations of CFT for psychosis. Results: The process evidence shows that people with psychosis have highly active social rank and threat systems, and the benefits of switching into attachment and care systems, which can support emotion regulation and integrative mind states. The outcomes evidence shows that compassion training impacts not only psychological outcomes, but also physiological outcomes such as neural circuits, immune system, and the autonomic nervous system. Within the psychosis field, outcomes research is still in the early days, but there are good indications of feasibility and a clear path forward for the next steps. Conclusions: CFT for psychosis is an approach that integrates biopsychosocial processes, an integration that's evidenced across each aspect of the model, from theoretical foundations (evolution‐informed) to interventions (e.g., body/breath training and relational techniques), to evaluation. Future RCTs are required to understand the effects on biopsychosocial outcomes for people with psychosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]