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Visual SLAM algorithms can obtain a large amount of texture information from the environment and usually perform very well in static scenes, but there are a large number of irregular dynamic points when running in dynamic scenes, which can lead to increased error in SLAM feature point matching and loss of tracking localization. To address this challenge this paper proposes a SLAM system (YVG‐SLAM) that adapts to dynamic scenes. YVG‐SLAM is an improvement on the ORB‐SLAM3 algorithm, integrating the view geometry algorithm and the current powerful YOLOv5 algorithm, while proposing a dynamic feature removal strategy without a priori assumptions to reduce the influence of dynamic targets. In this paper, we first lighten the YOLOv5 algorithm, then process the image frame to get the bounding box, then use the view geometry algorithm to determine the dynamic feature points on the image frame, and finally remove the moving objects in the image frame according to the dynamic feature recognition strategy proposed in this paper. The performance of the algorithm is tested on the TUM RGB‐D and BONN RGB‐D datasets. The experimental results show that the robustness of the proposed algorithm on most video sequences is better than the existing SLAM algorithms dealing with dynamic scenes such as Detect‐SLAM and DynaSLAM, and the RMSE index of the absolute trajectory error measured on high‐speed dynamic video sequences can be significantly reduced by more than 93% compared to ORB‐SLAM3. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineer of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on global harmonic mitigation against distributed and high‐proportioned nonlinear loads in modern distribution networks has received extensive attention. In this paper, a distributed compensation method for active power filters (APFs) is proposed, which utilizes a small number of APFs with adjustable reference to alleviate the global voltage distortion caused by a large number of distributed nonlinear loads. The model predictive control (MPC) is employed to calculate the optimal current reference for compensators at each optimization moment by predicting the system's performance in a certain future time period. Furthermore, the Kalman filter (KF) algorithm is used to estimate the initial harmonic voltage for the MPC, reducing the unfavorable effects of the model uncertainty and measurement noise. The test results based on a seven‐bus distribution network in MATLAB are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. © 2023 Institute of Electrical Engineer of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate assessment of lightning protection performance of extra high voltage transmission lines is important for transmission line design and different lightning protection. Based on the electro‐geometrical model, this paper introduces the angle influence factor, and presents an algorithm for shielding failure trip‐out rate of angle tower, and the existing algorithm is expanded. By establishing the three‐dimensional geometric model of the angle tower, the electrical geometric relations of conductors and ground wires on both sides are analyzed, respectively, and the projection area algorithm for shielding failure is modified. To further verify the application value of the calculation algorithm, the change of the shielding failure trip‐out rate of the typical angle tower with the bending angle of transmission line and the tower height in a 500 kV transmission line is analyzed. The analysis results show that the trip‐out rate of the outside corner is higher than that of the inside one, and with the increase of the angle and the height of the tower, the trip‐out rate shows an upward trend. When the tension tower height is 71.5 m and the angle increases from 0° to 80°, the outside shielding failure trip‐out rate increased by 10.9% and the inside decreased by 9.3%. Compared with the classical electro‐geometrical model calculation, the difference of trip‐out rate is 4.3% when the bending angle is 80°. When the tangent tower height is 70 m and the angle increases from 0° to 40°, the shielding failure trip‐out rate on the outside increased by 5.9% while the inside decreased by 6.2%. The research results provide a simple algorithm for solving bending transmission line and give some reference for lightning protection design of EHV transmission lines. © 2022 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep disorder and is diagnosed by polysomnography (PSG) as the gold standard. However, PSG is a time‐consuming and costly test, and patients have to endure long waits before receiving a PSG test in a hospital. In view of this, portable and wearable screening tools for OSA prediction have been developed recently as a low‐cost and easy‐to‐use method. In this paper, an OSA detection model, based on regression approach, using unsegmented electrocardiography (ECG) signals is developed to directly estimate the apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI) value, which is the first report in the literature. In this manner, this work can provide more details of OSA assessment to users and doctors. © 2023 Institute of Electrical Engineer of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces the concept of intermittently connected sensor networks where sensors are sleep most of time and become active randomly and rarely. In the networks, packet collision probability and power consumption can be reduced. Meanwhile, the delivery delay increases with the use of the low activation values. In this paper, we design the energy‐efficient intermittently connected sensor networks, considering this trade‐off of activation control. We first provide the algorithm that computes the optimal packet forwarding rule achieving the minimum delivery delay, which can be calculated using the activation rates. We then propose the activation rate control methods, which control the activation rates of the sensors based on the density of the sensors and/or the number of wake‐ups of sensors having relay packets. By doing this, we can improve the delay performance, while suppressing the increase in the packet collision probability and the power consumption of sensors. Through simulation experiments, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our activation control methods in the intermittently connected sensor networks. © 2021 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a new dual mode blind equalization method using neighborhood symbol‐based decision and decision‐directed (NSBD‐DD) algorithm is proposed to equalize the satellite communication signals. The proposed algorithm adopts the combined cost function to employ the advantages of symbol decision algorithm and the decision‐directed algorithm, which can further improve the universality of the proposed algorithm. Compared with the conventional blind equalization algorithm, the compensation ability of intersymbol interference and convergence speed of the proposed algorithm can be improved simultaneously. To verify the performance of the proposed algorithm, the computer simulation is performed, and the simulation results show that the residual intersymbol interference of the 64QAM signals can be decreased to −50 dB under the satellite channel, which has 30 dB lower than multi‐modulus algorithm (MMA), 26 dB lower than NSBD algorithm, and 10 dB lower than SBD algorithm. And compared with SBD algorithm, the number of iterations required for the NSBD‐DD algorithm can be decreased from 8000 iterations to 6000 iterations, which convergence speed is increased by 25%. © 2023 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a parameter estimation based method to diagnose winding deformation and turn‐to‐turn fault of power transformers. First, an estimation model of transformer parameters is built, in which five equations are taken in account including voltage loop equation, active loss equation, input impedance equation, no‐load current equation and no‐load loss equation. Then, particle swarm optimization (PSO) is used to solve the model, and the characteristics of estimation data under winding faults are analyzed. At last, based on the estimation data, random forest (RF) algorithm is employed to classify transformer states and realize fault diagnostic. The simulation results show that the proposed parameter estimation method has high precision and are not affected by the factors including load power factors and the type and degree of winding deformation, and the impact of load rates can be avoided; the fault diagnostic scheme based on RF is quite sensitive and effective. The proposed method eliminates the need of transformer outage, and compared with other methods based on parameter estimation, it can distinguish winding deformation and turn‐to‐turn fault. © 2021 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to construct an efficient and reliable global path for unmanned surface vehicles (USVs), this paper proposes a USV global path planning algorithm based on an optimized ant colony algorithm (OACA). The algorithm constructs a USV global path planning model by comprehensively considering energy consumption costs and turning control costs. In order to ensure the adaptability of the model to the task environment, the USV's motion characteristics are analyzed with full consideration of external interference, and on this basis, the characterization of energy consumption costs and turning control costs is completed. In order to obtain the global optimal solution of the model and accelerate the convergence speed of the model, in the initialization process of the ant colony algorithm, the initial pheromone is distributed unevenly by introducing the distance relationship among the intermediate node, the starting point, and ending point to improve the initial search efficiency. In the iterative process of searching for the optimal solution, enhancing the guidance effect of the current optimal solution on the offspring ants by introducing a weight factor to improve the update rule of pheromone, which accelerates the convergence speed of the algorithm. In the last two steps of the deadlock path, the number of lost ants is reduced by introducing a penalty factor to punish the pheromone which can guarantee the diversity of ants, and the algorithm's premature convergence is overcome. The simulation results prove the effectiveness of this algorithm. © 2022 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Machine learning (ML) has become a rising sophisticated technological application trend in the electrical industry in recent years. Such innovation provides optional methodologies for many existing applications, such as power and load profile forecasting, reliability evaluation, substation behavior detection and state observation of electrical equipment, and so on. This paper presents a review of various supervised and unsupervised ML techniques and applications for electrical power systems, including generation, transmission, distribution and micro‐grid. The algorithms and applications are mainly summarized from IEEE journals and the interest of this paper shows the roles and developments of most used algorithms and its corresponding extensions and performance in different applications. © 2021 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In view of the poor performance of the traditional adaptive filtering algorithm in identifying sparse systems under impulse noise, an affine projection maximum correntropy criterion with compound inverse proportional function (APMCCCIPF) algorithm is proposed in this paper, and the compound inverse proportional function approaching l0 norm is introduced into the traditional affine projection maximum correntropy criterion (APMCC) algorithm. The fixed step‐size APMCCCIPF algorithm cannot obtain faster convergence speed and lower steady‐state error at the same time, and the most effective method to solve this contradiction is to change the fixed step‐size in the algorithm to a variable step‐size. Further, a variable step‐size factor is constructed in the APMCCCIPF algorithm, and a novel variable step‐size APMCCCIPF algorithm is proposed. A modified Gaussian function, which can resist impulse noise interference, is applied to adjust the step‐size change. Besides, the convergence and complexity of the proposed algorithms are analyzed. In the simulation of sparse system identification and echo cancellation under impulsive noise, the proposed algorithms not only achieve a lower and faster convergence rate, but also obtain a lower steady‐state error. © 2021 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a deep learning‐based face recognition device. It aims to instantly remind users of the identities of those who they met before in parties or conferences. When greeted, one, who is correctly identified, may frequently feel more respected than another who is mistaken for someone else in the first place. The golden rule suggests one to treat others with respect, and then others will treat the one with respect in return. Empirically, making others feel respected can definitely facilitate communication among people for social and particularly business purposes. For this sake, this paper employed a pair of smart glasses as a hardware platform into which a deep learning‐based multi‐task cascaded convolutional networks and a FaceNet algorithm were integrated. This move provided a high face recognition accuracy and a strong robustness. In the end, this smart device as intended recognized captured images and displayed the identities of matched contacts in a face image database. Hopefully, this proposal can be applied to a wide diversity of fields. © 2020 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Missing data is a prevailing problem in predictive analytics. In this paper, a winner‐take‐all (WTA) autoencoder‐based piecewise linear model is developed to solve the nonlinear regression problem under the missing value scenario, which consists of two parts: an overcomplete WTA autoencoder and a gated linear network. The overcomplete WTA autoencoder is a stacked denoising autoencoder (SDAE) designed to play two roles: (1) to estimate the missing values; (2) to realize a sophisticated partitioning by generating a broad set of binary gate control sequences. Besides, an iterative algorithm with renewed teacher signals is developed to train the SDAE. On the other hand, the gated linear network with the generated binary gate control sequences implements a flexible piecewise linear model for nonlinear regression. By composing a quasi‐linear kernel based on the gate control sequences, the piecewise linear model is then identified in the same way as a support vector regression. Experimental results have shown that our proposed hybrid model has a better performance than traditional models. © 2021 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In both the research and engineering fields, missing data is a serious problem that cannot be overlooked. Therefore, available datasets with missing data are a challenge to be modeled by conventional global prediction models. In this paper, we propose a hybrid model consisting of an autoencoder and a gated linear network for solving the regression problem under missing value scenario. A sophisticated modeling and identifying algorithm is developed. First, an extended affinity propagation (AP) clustering algorithm is applied to obtain a self‐organized competitive net dividing the datasets into several clusters. Second, a multiple imputation tool with top p% winner‐take‐all denoising autoencoders (DAE) is introduced to realize better predictions of missing values, in which rough estimates of missing values by using the mean imputation and similarity method within the clusters are used as teacher signals of DAE. Finally, a gated linear network is designed to construct a piecewise linear regression model with interpolations in the exact same way as a support vector regression with a quasilinear kernel composed using the cluster information obtained in the AP clustering step. Based on the experiments of five datasets, our proposed method demonstrates its effectiveness and robustness compared with other traditional kernels and state‐of‐the‐art methods, even on datasets with a large percentage of missing values. © 2020 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new image dehazing algorithm based on adaptive sky region is proposed in this paper, which shows good fidelity in sky region and satisfying visual effect in non‐sky region. For robust sky segmentation, we propose a rough‐to‐fine method that can make a balance between efficiency and accuracy. Considering distribution of haze is inconsistent, we divide the input image into three parts and calculate their atmospheric lights respectively. To solve the problem of invalid dark channel prior, we make an improvement for the transmission estimation. Finally, image fusion is taken as a post processing that can solve the problem of partial darkness and ensure a visual pleasing result. The experimental results for both synthetic and natural hazy images demonstrate that our algorithm performs comparable or even better results than the state‐of‐the‐art methods in terms of various measurement indexes, such as the PSNR, SSIM, and so forth. Besides, the proposed algorithm can be also applied in FPGA platform due to the optimized performance. © 2021 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To reduce the short‐term load forecasting (STLF) error of off‐line forecasting model, a VMD‐IWOA‐LSTM (VIL) method for STLF is proposed. Firstly, variational mode decomposition (VMD) is used to decompose the historical power load signals. Then, the decomposed signals are reconstructed according to the similarity of Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC), and meteorological data are chosen for each reconstructed component based on the set PCC threshold. The long short‐term memory (LSTM) models are used to predict the corresponding components, and improved whale optimization algorithm (IWOA) is used to optimize the parameters in LSTM. Finally, the forecast results of each component are added together to get the final forecast result. The experimental results of power load data in a certain area show that the proposed method has the advantages of strong anti‐interference performance and high prediction accuracy compared with other methods, and has strong practicability. © 2022 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a new method is proposed to identify the parameters of roll motion equation using the response data of ship in regular waves. The proposed method is based on the fact that if the estimated parameters are close to the true parameters, then, its response are also close to the true response. Therefore, the parameter identification is achieved via minimizing the mean square error between the true response and the estimated response. To effectively solving the parameter minimization problem, an improved imperialist competition algorithm (ICA), called opposition based learning Gaussian bare bone imperialist competition algorithm (OBL‐GBBICA) is proposed. The proposed OBL‐GBBICA integrates the opposition learning and Gaussian sampling technique into ICA to enhance its exploration ability and speed up its convergence. Experimental results show that the proposed method can accurately identify the parameters of roll motion equation. © 2021 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, multiperson tracking across non‐overlapping camera views is gaining increasing attention in the video surveillance field due to its importance for public security. Most existing methods find a correspondence of person images individually across each pair of adjacent two cameras. However, in such a naive approach, redundant matching where one of the person images is selected for the matching pair for several times, often occurs. It leads to tracking failure. To overcome this problem, in this paper, by considering the matching problem as an instance of the "marriage problem" that is well known in Economics, we propose a simultaneous image matching method for multiple persons based on the stable marriage algorithm. We confirmed that the proposed method outperforms some of the existing state‐of‐the‐art methods on several well‐known public datasets. © 2020 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a novel distributed method for dynamic economic dispatch (DED) problems with cubic fuel cost functions based on the dual alternating direction method of multipliers (D‐ADMM) and interior point method (IPM). This scheme enables us to combine the excellent parallelism of ADMM with the superior convergence properties of the IPM. The idea adopted by the proposed algorithm is that the outer‐loop uses ADMM decoupling, and the inner‐loop uses IPM to solve the cubic polynomial optimization subproblems. When the unit set is divided into multiple partitions, D‐ADMM also has the nice central processing unit (CPU) runtime as the well as the number of iterations. In addition, we use a Decoupling‐Decomposition‐Backtracking and parallel improved multiple centrality corrections decoupling interior point method (DDB‐PIMCCD) to solve the aforementioned larger subproblems more efficiently. Finally, the numerical results, in both serial and parallel modes, on a set of 22 DED cases with the range of units from 8 to 1000 units show that the proposed method is very promising for large scale distributed DED problems. Because it can keep the unit information about each subset in secret to suit the market environment and can obtain high‐quality solutions with reasonable time. © 2020 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conventional artificial neural network (ANN) model is an effective way to detect harmonic signals. However, the solution of the model cannot converge when the initial value of the excitation function (IVEF) is not suitable, causing a large error in harmonic detection, especially in the case of power system noise. We improve the back propagation (BP) neural network (BNN) model by using an adjustable excitation function and the basic inertial algorithm in this paper. Based on this model and combined with the glowworm swarm optimization (GSO) algorithm, a harmonic/inter‐harmonic detection method is proposed. The network first uses an improved GSO algorithm with an adaptive step to optimize the IVEF of BNN. Then, BNN is trained at this initial value, so that amplitude, phase, and frequency of harmonics/inter‐harmonics can be obtained. The simulation data analyses show that that the method has good stability, convergence, strong anti‐noise ability, and ultrahigh detection accuracy. It can accurately separate the integer and non‐integer harmonics. Compared with the traditional ANN algorithm and Hanning‐FFT, the detection accuracy of this algorithm can be improved by 2–4 orders of magnitude. © 2020 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dissolved gas analysis is an important way to diagnose transformer faults. Compared with the method of establishing a single classifier based on artificial intelligence for diagnosis, ensemble learning (EL) can combine multiple classifiers to achieve stronger generalization ability and better diagnostic performance. But the traditional EL belongs to homogenous ensemble in which the base learners are based on the same algorithm, so this kind of EL method lacks the differences among the base learners, as well as systematic combination strategy. For this problem, in the paper the Stacking ensemble strategy is applied to fault diagnosis. Multilayer perceptron, k‐nearest neighbor, decision tree and support vector machine are used as component learners, and random forest algorithm is used as a combination strategy to establish a Stacking diagnosis model. In addition, homogenous ensemble methods are applied to the above four algorithms. In the method, the content of five characteristic gases are taken as the input characteristic parameters. Primary diagnostic results can be obtained with each base classifier. Then the meta‐learner random forest model organizes the base classifiers, and uses the primary diagnostic output as the input of the meta‐learner for secondary diagnosis to get the final diagnosis. The experimental results show that the ensemble of multiple heterogeneous component learners can enhance the generalization ability of the model, and the diagnostic accuracy is better than single classifier and the homogenous ensemble classifier. © 2020 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The maximum correntropy criterion (MCC) algorithm has popularly been used in suppressing impulsive noise. It mainly relies on the choice of step size and kernel width. With the study of step size, this paper proposes a novel algorithm that updates the step size based on constructing a variable step size function that uses the moving weighted average algorithm to keep performance stable and sigmoid function to speed the convergence rate. The proposed algorithm is robust against impulsive noises and generates a large step size to accelerate the convergence in iteration beginning, and system mutation makes the system identification performance more stable when the error is small. Based on the improved variable kernel width maximum entropy criterion (IVKW‐MCC) algorithm, which overcomes the shortcoming of how to choose a reliable kernel width in the MCC algorithm, simulation results are compared with other MCC algorithms under impulsive noise interference. Simulations in the system identification scenarios show that the proposed algorithm has better performance in improving the convergence speed over other algorithms. © 2020 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evolutionary algorithm (EA) is a generic term for optimization algorithms inspired by biological optimization processes in the natural world. Although EAs are widely applied to complex real‐world problems because they do not require mathematical expression of target problems, theoretical design methods of EAs have not been established. To solve this issue, this paper proposes an approach of designing EAs within an algorithm framework in which mathematical characteristics are derived, and it also presents a concrete framework for that purpose. The presented framework, Regulated Evolution Strategies (RES) provides a stability analysis result that contributes to designing algorithms with expected behavior. The RES framework has a high degree of freedom in designing algorithms, so that it is possible to incorporate various contrivances such as local improvement of samples and reduction of constraint violations in RES‐based algorithms while maintaining the stability analysis result. Numerical experiments prove that the RES framework has a capability for designing high‐performance EAs. © 2020 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY: In almost all Japanese railway companies, rolling stock management still relies on manual procedure. As density of trains and interconnectivity between lines are increased, a support system for the management gets to be important. This paper focuses on a scheduling task for vehicle units’ operation and a support system for rescheduling vehicle units’ operation in train service disruption. A schedule of vehicle units’ operation is modified by a dispatcher to keep consistency between train timetable and vehicle unit assignment. When there is no solution, the dispatcher has to ask a train service manager to change train timetable. To support this task, we developed an algorithm of rescheduling vehicle unit operation, which included relaxation of constraints. Our algorithm represents constraints as a network model, and, if necessary, relaxes constraints by modifying the network model during search of a solution. This paper indicates the network model, the algorithm of searching for a solution as relaxing constraints, and numerical experiments using a real middle‐size data. The results of the experiments showed that our algorithm could calculate various solutions with relaxed constraints. Analyzing the solutions at the viewpoints of train service and rolling stock operation, we showed the effectiveness of a system that proposes various solutions using our algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we analyze the properties of the superior solution set search (SSSS) problem and point out the structural similarities between it and the multiobjective optimization problem. Based on the analyzed properties, we propose a new Firefly algorithm (FA) based on superior relations, which can search for the superior solution set by using the user's quantitative desire level as a search strategy. By introducing the distance of the problem space into the moving mechanism, FA makes it possible to search for multiple local optimal solutions by dividing the solution set into multiple groups. By analyzing this property of FA, we clarify the affinity between FA and the SSSS problem. We subsequently analyze the SSSS problem and FA, and discuss their properties together in a similar problem setting. We propose an FA based on superior relations as a new optimization technique for the superior solution set problem based on these analyses. Numerical experiments are then conducted using the SSSS problem and demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed method by comparing the performance of the proposed method with the conventional FA. © 2019 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, intelligent structural damage diagnosis algorithms using machine learning have achieved much success. However, because of the fact that in real bridge applications, the working environment (load, temperature, and noise) is changing all the time, degradation of the performance of intelligent structural damage diagnosis methods is very serious. To address these problems, a novel bridge diagnosis algorithm based on deep learning is proposed. Our contributions include: First, we proposed an improved denoising auto‐encoder‐based deep neural networks, which is optimized by the gray relational analysis. It is able to automatically extract high‐level features from raw signals via a multi‐layer extraction to satisfy any damage diagnosis objective and thus does not need any time consuming denoising prepossessing. The model can achieve high accuracy under noisy environment. Second, the algorithm does not rely on any domain adaptation algorithm or require information of the target domain. It can achieve high accuracy when working environment is changed. Numerical simulations and experimental investigations on real bridges conducted to present the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed algorithm, comparing with other commonly machine learning‐based algorithms. The result shows it is deemed as an ideal and effective method for damage diagnosis of bridge structures. © 2021 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Differential evolution algorithms have become one of the most competitive evolutionary algorithms, among which a chaotic differential evolution (CJADE) is a recently proposed state‐of‐the‐art variant. But CJADE still suffers from the premature convergence problem. This paper further improves CJADE by innovatively incorporating a success‐intensity‐based roulette wheel selection method into it. The resultant algorithm called SCJADE shows its superiority over its peer in terms of solution quality and convergence speed on IEEE CEC2017 optimization test suit. © 2021 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Impedance cardiography (ICG) and peripheral bioimpedance may be useful for monitoring several cardiovascular parameters such as cardiac output, stroke volume, blood pressure and heart rate. It is a noninvasive and low‐cost method and could be useful for diagnosis and treatment in different clinical situations. This study involved 100 volunteers and their age ranging from 18 to 26 years. The acquired bioimpedance signal was pre‐processed and used to estimate the heart rate. Thus, heart rates of each subject were calculated and then compared with actual measurement from FUZZY model MP3 digital blood pressure monitor. The results showed high precision with a 1.38 mean error a high sensitivity of 99.81% and a positive predictivity value of 99.63%, respectively. Compared with six other methods selected from the literature review and which are initially dedicated to ECG signals, the proposed method has been found to be more efficient and more precise with an error in determining the percentile HR = 1.78%. © 2022 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Evidence supporting the practice of skin‐to‐skin contact and breastfeeding soon after birth points to physiologic, social, and psychological benefits for both mother and baby. The 2009 revision of Step 4 of the WHO/UNICEF “Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding” elaborated on the practice of skin‐to‐skin contact between the mother and her newly born baby indicating that the practice should be “immediate” and “without separation” unless documented medically justifiable reasons for delayed contact or interruption exist. While in immediate, continuous, uninterrupted skin‐to‐skin contact with mother in the first hour after birth, babies progress through 9 instinctive, complex, distinct, and observable stages including self‐attachment and suckling. However, the most recent Cochrane review of early skin‐to‐skin contact cites inconsistencies in the practice; the authors found “inadequate evidence with respect to details … such as timing of initiation and dose.” This paper introduces a novel algorithm to analyse the practice of skin to skin in the first hour using two data sets and suggests opportunities for practice improvement. The algorithm considers the mother's Robson criteria, skin‐to‐skin experience, and Widström's 9 Stages. Using data from vaginal births in Japan and caesarean births in Australia, the algorithm utilizes data in a new way to highlight challenges to best practice. The use of a tool to analyse the implementation of skin‐to‐skin care in the first hour after birth illuminates the successes, barriers, and opportunities for improvement to achieving the standard of care for babies. Future application should involve more diverse facilities and Robson's classifications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple and fast diagnostic method for multiple open‐circuit faults in voltage‐source inverters based on the current vector phase is proposed. The characteristics of the current vector phase in both healthy and faulty conditions are analyzed in detail, and simple fault symptom variables are defined to extract the features for fault isolation. The proposed method can diagnose 21 types of open‐circuit faults only by using current vector phase information, and it is fast, robust and easy to implement in existing systems without additional sensors. Several experimental results verify that the diagnostic algorithm has no false alarms under speed and load transient conditions, and the fault can be isolated within 15% of the current fundamental cycle in the case of the fastest diagnostic process and no more than 80% of the current cycle in the worst cases. © 2021 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The communication network of wide‐area protection may be interrupted because of the severe environment or artificial damage. The delay of communication will increase so much that the wide‐area protection cannot work normally in some severe cases mentioned above. That is one of the factors which affect the application of wide‐area protection. A reconstruction algorithm including different circuitous modes for different situations is proposed to maintain the transmission of the data on the interrupted channel. On the one hand, a single‐path circuitous mode is proposed when the data in the shut path is small. In this situation, the best circuitous path can be found out by Floyd considering the several reference factors affection. On the other hand, a multi‐paths circuitous model is proposed to solve the congestion which is caused by detouring under single‐path circuitous mode. The available margin of the bandwidth of the weakest channel called the short‐board channel in each circuitous path is the focus of the algorithm. In this situation, the optimal shunt coefficients are determined according to the bandwidth margin ratio of the short‐board channel. Then the data on the interrupted channel is divided into several streams based on the shunt coefficients. Therefore, the balance of the communication network can be ensured after the interrupted channel is divided. Finally, with OPNET communication simulation software, the IEEE14 nodes network is built. Delay and balance of system based on this reconstruction algorithm are tested. © 2021 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes an application method of the cooperative distributed multiagent model in multipath allocation algorithm and confirms its valid calculation results by realizing this model in a distributed computer environment. The multiagent model in this paper is an environment where each agent has the same function of asynchronous and parallel calculation and no globally controlling agents exist. To realize this model, this paper proposes an appropriate dividing method of the multipath allocation problem for asynchronous and parallel calculation, a unifying method of each agent's answers end interagent communication protocols. It also compares the required calculation time and the number of allocated paths of a single agent with that of the multiagents end shows the practical calculation ability of the multiagent model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to solve the problem of low accuracy in indoor positioning, a system based on ultra‐wideband and optimized time difference of arrival (TDOA) is designed. The optimized algorithm of TDOA is adopted to solve the problem of synchronization between anchors and improve the positioning accuracy. The use of LoRa technology for wireless data transmission between anchors improves the flexibility of anchor layout. According to the test, the system can work stably in corridors, rooms, warehouses and other scenarios, and the positioning error is controlled at about 13 cm. The positioning accuracy is 10 times that of the positioning system using WiFi and Bluetooth technology, which can meet the requirements of accurate mobile positioning in complex indoor environment. © 2020 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presence of lateral lymph node (LLN) metastasis was associated with higher local recurrence risk in patients with lower rectal cancer. The role of LLN dissection has not been fully determined despite prolonged debate that last for few decades. The practical difference between Japan and the West was the main culprit. Japanese used to rely on surgical removal of LLN as local control while the West believed that LLN dissection could be spared after giving neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. As time passed, it is getting more common to combine both treatments. With the quality improvement in magnetic resonance imaging, we can now predict the chance of LLN metastasis and evaluate the treatment response with good accuracy. Few large analyses have been published recently and provided us more insight into this topic. In this review, we summarized and provided an update on the latest evidence. We have proposed a treatment algorithm on the management of LLNs which may help clinical decision and provide idea for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers an unknown nonlinear static system with an adjustable parameter (input parameter). The problem is to find the least-square approximation input parameter. A recursive algorithm is proposed that estimates this least-square approximation parameter without an identification of the system. An output of the system is observed under a noisy environment. Suppose that the dimension of the output is equal to that of the input. In this case, the system characteristic can be regarded as a regression function, hence a recursive algorithm that can be constructed that minimizes tile difference between the expectation of the output and a desired value of the output by using the stochastic approximation method or the adaptive Robbins-Monro procedure. On the other hand, if the dimension of the output is greater than that of the input, the regression equation has no solution. Therefore, the usual stochastic approximation method or the adaptive Robbins-Monro procedure cannot be used. The algorithm proposed in this paper estimates the least-square approximation input parameter that minimizes the squared error of the output. Especially, this algorithm agrees with the usual adaptive Rohbins-Monro procedure if the dimension of the output is equal to that of the input. Some numerical simulations ale shown and the availability of the algorithm presented herein is confirmed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents an optimization method of the parallelism extraction algorithm using spanning tree that automatically exploits the parallelism and determines an execution order of multiple kernel programs in a distributed environment. In stream‐based computing, efficient parallel execution requires careful scheduling of the invocation of the kernel programs. By mapping a kernel to a node and an I/O stream to an edge, the entire stream process can be treated as a spanning tree. The spanning tree, which allows feedback and feedforward edges, is effective for expressing dependencies that exist among kernels. In spanning tree, the nodes at the same depth do not have edges between them, and thus can be executed in parallel in the case parent nodes have been already executed. The series of the nodes can be executed in a pipelined manner. Thus, the proposed algorithm can extract both spatial and temporal parallelism. However, if the algorithm is applied for feedbacks as it is, because of waiting for the completion of the loop among the nodes, it causes the waste of time. To solve this problem, the parallel pattern can be optimized in the step of generating the communication pattern to increase the degree of parallelism. In addition, because of the difference in execution time among kernels, the load balancing can be considered for an optimization for the algorithm. To evaluate the effectiveness of the optimized algorithm, a k‐means application was developed and parallelized especially for the feedback processing. The results show that the parallel execution using two nodes of a graphics processing unit (GPU) cluster obtained 1.5 times speedup. With load balancing, the parallel execution using four nodes of the cluster obtained up to 3.5 times speedup in 2D‐FFT and 3.0 times speedup in LU decomposition, compared to the execution on a single GPU. © 2019 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Japanese Society of Emergency Pediatrics has formulated evidence-based guidelines for the management of intussusception in children in order to diagnose intussusceptions promptly, to initiate appropriate treatment as early as possible, and to protect intussuscepted children from death. Methods: Literature was collected systematically via the Internet using the key words 'intussusception' and 'children.' The evidence level of each paper was rated in accordance with the levels of evidence of the Oxford Center for Evidence-based Medicine. The guidelines consisted of 50 clinical questions and the answers. Grades of recommendation were added to the procedures recommended on the basis of the strength of evidence levels. Results: Three criteria of 'diagnostic criteria,''severity assessment criteria,' and 'criteria for patient transfer' were proposed aiming at an early diagnosis, selection of appropriate treatment, and patient transfer for referral to a tertiary hospital in severe cases. Barium is no longer recommended for enema reduction (recommendation D) because the patient becomes severely ill once perforation occurs. Use of other contrast media, such as water-soluble iodinated contrast, normal saline, or air, is recommended under either fluoroscopic or sonographic guidance. Delayed repeat enema improves reduction success rate, and is recommended if the initial enema partially reduced the intussusception and if the patient condition is stable. Conclusions: The guidelines offer standards of management, but it is not necessarily the purpose of the guidelines to regulate clinical practices. One should judge each individual clinical situation in accordance with experiences, available devices, and the patient's condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Background: The PainFree Smart Shock Technology (SST) study showed a low implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) inappropriate shock rate. However, the majority of patients were from Western countries with patient characteristics different from those in Japan. ICD shock rates using the novel SST algorithms in Japanese patients are still unknown. Methods: All 2,770 patients in the PainFree SST study (Japan [JPN]: N = 181, other geographies [OJPN]: N = 2,589) were included in this analysis. Results: Japanese patients had higher average left ventricular ejection fraction (P < 0.0001), higher prevalence of secondary prevention indications (P < 0.0001), nonischemic cardiomyopathy (P < 0.0001), and permanent atrial fibrillation (P < 0.0001). The appropriate shock rate at 12 months was not different between JPN and OJPN: 6.4% and 6.3%, respectively (P = 0.95). The inappropriate shock rate at 12 months was significantly higher in Japanese patients (2.9% vs 1.7%, P = 0.017). However, after propensity score matching to adjust for the difference in baseline characteristics, the difference in inappropriate shock rate was not statistically significant (P = 0.51). Conclusions: There was no difference in the appropriate shock rate between Japan and other geographies. The inappropriate shock rate in Japan was low, although it was slightly higher compared to other geographies due to baseline characteristics, including a higher prevalence of permanent AF. There was not a statistically significant difference after adjusting for baseline characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kron's Diakoptics is well known as a solution method of large-scale network problems by tiering. It interconnects all tiered subnetworks with tiered branches simultaneously by one step. We introduce Multistep Diakoptics (MSD), which interconnects tiered subnetworks partially with subsets of tiered branches step-by-step, and completes interconnections by multiple steps. By using the parallel computation method, the MSD algorithm uses less computation time than is the case with the standard Diakoptics algorithm. This paper introduces the MSD algorithm and the program that is executed by each computer in a multiple computer system and solves only a tiered subnetwork problem. We also explain the contents of data which must be transmitted to other computers. Furthermore, computation complexity, communication complexity, and organization of block data used in each computer for simulation of large-scale nonlinear networks are discussed, and a simple method for applying MSD in practice is introduced. It is concluded that, characteristically, MSD reduces the computation time in accordance with the number of computers if the data transmission time can be neglected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a method to improve the performance of R-learning, a reinforcement learning algorithm, by using multiple state-action value tables. Unlike Q- or Sarsa learning, R-learning learns a policy to maximize undiscounted rewards. Multiple state-action value tables cause substantial explorations as needed and make R-learning work well. Efficiency of the proposed method is verified through experiments in a simulated environment. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 159(3): 34– 47, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience. wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20473 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We attempted to obtain carbon sequestration maps of deciduous forests in Japan using detectable parameters from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) sensor and to determine how the spatial pattern of carbon sequestration differs within the same forest ecosystem type. For this investigation, we firstly parameterized the MODIS algorithm at one flux tower site, Takayama, for the years 2002–2003. The MODIS algorithm could link flux-based net ecosystem productivity (NEP) with simple functions controlled by a thermal infrared band and a vegetation index. Second, the performance of the MODIS algorithm was validated through comparisons with the flux-based NEP at another flux tower site, Hitsujigaoka. The MODIS-based NEP at Hitsujigaoka was also within an accuracy of a flux-based NEP with R 2 of 0.879 and root mean square error of 1.64 gC m−2 day−1, regardless of canopy structure and age. The MODIS algorithm was noteworthy for its general applicability in different locations. Finally, we used the MODIS algorithm for the same forest ecosystem type in Japan for regional extrapolation of NEP. The MODIS-based NEP of deciduous forests in Japan showed great variance with 347 ± 288 gC m−2 year−1 in 2002, according to the stand structure and climatic condition of the year. Studies for quantification of ecosystem carbon balance need to consider variance, frequency and spatial distributions of NEP. Satellite remote sensing demonstrated the potential for the large-scale mapping of NEP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple and efficient available-bit-rate (ABR) control algorithm is described that fairly allocates bandwidth to each virtual channel (VC) in large-scale networks. In ABR control, the peak cell rate (PCR) and minimum cell rate (MCR) are specified at call set-up, and the cell-emission rate of each VC is controlled between them based on the explicit rate (ER) calculated from the traffic conditions at the ATM switches. Conventional control algorithms that do not use per-VC accounting allocate the same ER to all VCs. Therefore, if there is a VC with a PCR lower than the allocated ER, the control algorithm may not utilize the bandwidth effectively. A VC with an MCR higher than the allocated ER may suffer persistent congestion. Furthermore, algorithms that do not use per-VC accounting cannot achieve weighted bandwidth allocation. However, it is hard to implement algorithms that do use per-VC accounting in large-scale networks. The described ABR control algorithm makes it possible to maintain high throughput under PCR/MCR constraints and to achieve weighted bandwidth allocation based on the traffic conditions, without using per-VC accounting. © 2000 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 83(9): 44–56, 2000 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A ‘Matrix Solver’ is proposed for solving any type of linear equation over GF(2), with applications in cryptography and Error Correcting Codes. A design of the Matrix Solver is discussed as one of the appropriate applications of 3-D VLSI systems. First, an algorithm based on the Cramer method combined with the Chio method is constructed following six new criteria for 3-D VLSI algorithms. Second, a 3-D layout and an implementation of a 3-D structured breadboard model of the Matrix Solver are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traffic forecasting is used for circuit dimensions and income prediction. Traffic forecasting in Japan has been carried out mainly by multiple regression models. However, recently, a traffic forecasting method using the Kalman filter for a state space model was proposed by David and Pack. When such a forecasting method is used, it is necessary to cope with outliers correspond to the outliers of noises in the state space model, an algorithm for detecting and discriminating outliers considering the noise distributions is developed. A new traffic forecasting method with a state space model including this algorithm is proposed. This method detects and discriminates changes in traffic patterns, and applies the necessary dispositions. The validity of this method is confirmed by applying it to field data [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]