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This paper investigates the influence of non-homogeneous elastic foundations on the free vibration characteristics of functionally graded graphene platelets reinforced composite plates submerged in fluid medium. A novel aspect of this study lies in exploring various distributions of the foundation, positioned either centrally within the plates or along their edges. The stiffness of the foundation is computed using Selvadurai's method, which accounts for subgrade soil properties and foundation depth. Material properties of the plates are examined by employing the rule of mixtures alongside the Halpin–Tsai micromechanical model. Hydrostatic pressure and free surface waves are not considered, given the assumption of an ideal and incompressible fluid. The theoretical framework is grounded in a novel inverse trigonometric shear deformation plate theory, where the transverse shear stress distribution is established using a newly developed inverse trigonometric function. The equations of motion are efficiently resolved through Galerkin's method. The efficacy of this approach lies in its utilization of integration to address the distribution issue of the foundation, obviating the need for deploying intricate algorithms. The proposed theory demonstrates enhanced accuracy in predicting natural frequencies compared to other published shear deformation plate theories. Moreover, this paper delves into the effect of material properties and the fluid environment on the natural frequencies of the structures. Particularly significant is our thorough investigation of the impact of variations in the locations, material properties, and sizes of the foundation on the free vibration of these plates, all of which bear great importance in structural design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The advantages of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in fortifying the glass fiber reinforced polymeric (GFRP) composites are discussed in this paper. Bolted steel straps are utilized at the edges of composite plate to establish clamped conditions in the test setup. To minimize uncertainties caused by bolt attachments, a genetic algorithm-based model updating approach has been implemented by introducing artificial linear springs at the margins to achieve a better balance between theory and reality. The accuracy of the plate's results (natural frequencies and mode shapes) is verified, and the mechanical properties of randomly dispersed CNTs are incorporated in the formulations of folded plates. Remarkably, the motion equations are brought forward by the first order shear deformation theory (FSDT). Thereafter, two-directional generalized differential quadrature (2D-GDQ) technique is employed to determine natural frequencies from available motion, continuity, and boundary equations. The results of the folded plate are validated first by an experimental modal testing and finally some effective parameters such as folding angle, CNT weight ratio, boundary condition and flange-shape length are examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In view of the increasingly prominent noise problem, more and more attention has been paid to the research of sound insulation materials and structures. This paper takes aluminum foam laminated structural plate as the research object. The numerical model of sound insulation was derived using equivalent parameter method, and the sound insulation performance of aluminum foam composite structural plate was tested using a standing wave tube. The experimental results show that the transfer loss of aluminum foam composite structure with 5 mm and 10 mm core layer thickness is increased by 10 dB and 17 dB on average compared with ordinary base aluminum plate. The calculated results of transfer loss in effective range are in good agreement with the experimental results. The error is only 2–5 dB at low frequencies. At the high-frequency stage, although the error increases slightly, the overall trend of the two changes is consistent. The degree of coincidence increases with the increase of frequency. It provides an important theoretical basis for the research direction of sound insulation theoretical model of aluminum foam laminated structure, and also lays a foundation for the optimization of subsequent mathematical model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a comprehensive investigation on optimum layer thickness and fiber orientations of laminated composite plates against buckling under complex loading conditions by using a new optimization procedure that effectively utilizes computational efforts. In this proposed procedure, a finite element model of the laminated composite plates is developed for the buckling analysis and the interior point optimization procedure is used to maximize the buckling coefficient, aiming to determine the optimum values of fiber orientation angles and thickness. In optimization scenarios, the laminated composite plates are subjected to single and complex loading conditions, including compression, shear, bending and a combination of two or more of these loading types. The computational performance of the proposed optimization procedure is evaluated to investigate and present the effect of various factors including the number of layers, length-to-thickness ratios, aspect ratios, and boundary conditions on the optimum buckling analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the delamination impact over the dynamic response of the variable angle tow (VAT) composite plates. The VAT plates with various fiber angles are constrained to different boundary conditions for parametric investigation, while delamination is made to present over two different locations with varying sizes. A comparative stochastic vibration study is performed to evaluate the contribution of composite properties to delaminated and intact plates. The randomness in the material properties is modeled with the efficient Latin hypercube sampling method. The polynomial neural network-based surrogate model, considered an efficient substitute for computationally expensive Monte Carlo simulation, is employed in the present work to examine the stochastic behavior of VAT plates. The contribution of the composite properties on the uncertain vibration characteristics is evaluated. It is observed from the investigations that the sensitivity of the composite properties varies significantly with the delamination. Lastly, a failure probability estimation is carried out with a developed polynomial neural network-based surrogate model to provide safe design estimation for various cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a meshfree Jacobi point interpolation (MJPI) approach for the free vibration and stationary stochastic response analyses of heated composite laminated plate with varying thickness and curvilinear fiber is developed. The theoretical formulations for heated composite laminated plate with varying thickness and curvilinear fiber are established by using Hamilton's principle in framework of first order shear deformation theory. The effect of thermal stress generated by the temperature variation is considered based on the thermo-elastic theory. The displacement components of the plate are approximated by using the MJPI shape function. The boundary conditions considered in this study are achieved by using the artificial spring technique. The accuracy and reliability of the proposed MJPI shape function are confirmed by comparing with numerical results from the published literature and finite element software ABAQUS. Several comparisons show that the differences between the numerical results from current method, reference and ABAQUS software are less than 1%. Finally, the effects of different parameters such as temperature difference, fiber direction coefficient, thickness gradient and thickness power index on the free vibration and stationary stochastic response of the composite laminated plate are investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the simple refined plate theory (S-RPT) is extended for the analysis of the bending and buckling behaviours of functionally graded graphene platelets reinforced composite (FG-GPLRC) plates supported by local elastic foundations under different boundaries. For the first time, an analytical method for determining the location of the local elastic foundation distribution by simple integration is extended to the analysis of the bending and buckling behaviour of plates. The method avoids complex calculations compared to previous methods for determining the position of the elastic foundation. Compared with other simplified plate theories, the displacement pattern of S-RPT is able to reflect the interrelationship between the gradient material properties and the displacement distribution along plate's thickness. The material properties of FG-GPLRC plates are affected by temperature. Using the static equilibrium method, the plate equilibrium equations are derived by directly integrating the three-dimensional elastic equations along the plate cross section. Galerkin's method is used to solve the governing equations. The accuracy of S-RPT under different boundary conditions and the accuracy of the analytical method for determining the location of the elastic foundation are verified by comparing the numerical results with the existing literature. Finally, the effects of different distribution patterns, weight fractions of GPLs, thickness ratios, aspect ratios, boundary conditions, temperature, elastic foundation distribution patterns, and elastic foundation parameters were investigated in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extracting time-varying dynamic characteristics of an aerospace structure under thermal-vibration environment is difficult and complicated since the material properties of the structure fluctuate although the external load is constant. Initially, a composite plate model applied for time-varying system is updated based on finite strip method. Afterward, a thermal-vibration experimental system for realizing high-precision data measurement is designed, and the preliminary experiment certified the validity of experimental method. Finally, the time-varying dynamic characteristics of a typical thermal protective system plate is researched. Results show that the natural frequencies take a downward tendency with respect to heating time, and will undergo a dramatic decrease when the structure reaches the critical bulking temperature, while the damping characteristic shows an adverse trend. In addition, for certifying the applicability and accuracy of the updated model, comparisons between present model and recursive subspace method are conducted. The purpose of this paper is to provide some references on evaluating stability for aerospace structures under severe flight environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This work investigates the free vibration response of functionally graded (FG) nanocomposite laminated plates in thermal environments. The nanocomposite plies consist of a polymer matrix strengthened by nano-scale reinforcements, namely a graphene monolayer. This is a case of matrix/graphene mixture or in other words graphene-reinforced nanocomposite (GRNC). Besides the uniform distribution pattern of the graphene reinforcements, four piece-wise FG patterns are also considered to find out the best way to reinforce the nanocomposite plates. The FG distribution patterns are structured by varying the amount of the graphene nano-reinforcements from ply to ply. Methods: Material properties corresponding to the homogenization mixture are carried out using the extended Halpin-Tsai approach. Material properties of the GRNC plies are considered to be either temperature-dependent or temperature-independent. The governing equations of the laminated plate structure are derived based on the first-order shear deformation plate theory (FSDT). The validity of the internal computer program, developed using the finite element method (FEM), is examined by comparing the results obtained in this investigation with those reported in the open literature. Numerical analysis illustrates the effects of a broad range of influencing parameters on the mode shapes and associated natural frequencies of GRNC laminated plates when subjected to varying temperature fields. Results: Numerical results state that the free vibration behavior of the GRNC laminated plates is strongly affected by the variation of the environmental temperature as well as by the geometric parameters. In this context, considering the noteworthy results achieved in this paper, new ideas are proposed to offer innovative insights and novel design models for future real-life applications in polymeric nanocomposite structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: In this paper, the free vibration and dynamic response of laminated composite wave plate in a thermal environment are investigated by means of the mesh-free strong form method. Method: The wave plate is divided into several rectangular and cylindrical segments, and each segment is transformed into a square domain or equivalent cylindrical rectangular domain through a coordinate mapping technique to ensure numerical stability. The theoretical formulation of the individual segment is established using Hamilton's principle in the framework of first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT), and the thermal effects on the wave plate are considered by employing the thermo-elastic theory. The discretized equations are obtained directly from the strong forms of governing equations in which displacement components are approximated by a mes-hfree Tchebychev-radial point interpolation method (TRPIM) shape function. The formulation of the entire wave plate is obtained using coupling conditions between the segments. The harmonic distributed load and stationary/nonstationary stochastic excitation are considered as the external force. Results: Convergence and verification studies are performed to confirm the reliability and accuracy of the present formulation. Satisfactory agreements are achieved between the numerical results of the proposed method and those from the published literature. Finally, the effect of some parameters on the free vibration and dynamic response of laminated composite wave plate is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nonlinear static and vibration response of micro composite sandwich plate with honeycomb core have been investigated in this paper. The displacement–strain of skins via higher-order shear deformation theory (HSDT) is obtained. In frame work Halpin–Tsai model the composites plate with two layers of Graphene platelet reinforcement (GPLRC) with uniform distribution pattern and a hexagonal honeycomb core is considered. The governing equations of sandwich plate are derived by implementing Hamilton's principle and solved Perturbation method. For investigating the accuracy, this paper is validated with other previous researches and a good correlation is observed between the results. Finally, the important findings of this research indicate that the ratio of core thickness, inclined angle, and thickness to inclined length have significant effects on nonlinear frequencies–amplitude and deflection response. Based on the results of this article designers can development of different parts of aircraft. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the nonlinear forced vibration responses of axially moving functionally graded carbon nanotube reinforced composite (FG-CNTRC) rectangular thin plates are investigated. In the frame of classical plate theory and von Kármán geometric nonlinear theory, the nonlinear partial differential equations of motion for axially moving FG-CNTRC plates are established by Hamilton's principle and discretized through the Galerkin method. The validity of the present model is verified by comparing the natural frequencies and the critical divergence velocity of the axially moving plate with the existing results in the literature. The frequency response curves (FRCs) of axially moving FG-CNTRC plates subjected to transverse harmonic concentrate excitation are calculated by using the incremental harmonic balance (IHB) method. The stability and bifurcation characteristics of period solutions obtained through the IHB method are analyzed by Floquet theory. The isolated detached resonance curves (DRCs) are observed inside the main continuous FRCs of axially moving FG-CNTRC plates. Saddle-node bifurcation, Hopf bifurcation, quasi-periodic motion and the internal resonance caused by the modal coupling effect are analyzed. The numerical results illustrate the effects of the CNT distribution, volume fraction, axially moving velocity, aspect ratio and width-to-thickness ratio on the nonlinear dynamic responses of axially moving FG-CNTRC plates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a novel approach using Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) to predict thermal stress distribution in binary composites. The composite plates, generated randomly, serve as the basis for finite element simulations that produce datasets for training the GANs. To enhance the training process, binary images representing composite architecture are combined with corresponding thermal stress distribution images, creating a unified dataset. Remarkably, the trained GANs exhibit a high level of accuracy in predicting thermal stress within the composites. The results underscore the potential of GANs in accurately predicting thermal stress, opening avenues for advancements in materials science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By using an effective theoretical model, efficiency and accuracy of design for laminated plates can be significantly improved. However, the existing five-variable higher-order models will encounter difficulty to accurately produce interlaminar stresses, which will influence evaluation on interlaminar performance of laminated plates. Thus, this paper attempts to propose an efficient higher-order model with five variables, where the Legendre polynomial is introduced into in-plane displacement field at each layer. By enhancing compatible condition of displacements and equilibrium condition of stresses, the unknowns depending on the layer number have been eliminated. Differing from other existing five-variable higher-order models, the proposed model can describe the zig-zag effect of in-plane displacements, and fulfill continuity of transverse shear stresses at interfaces. The governing equations are further derived through the principle of virtual displacement, and analytical solutions for only simply-supported plates have been presented. To assess the capability of the proposed method, three-dimensional elasticity solutions have been employed for comparison, and other five-variable higher-order models from the literature have been also chosen for assessment. Numerical results show that the proposed model possesses the same computational efficiency as the selected five-variable models, but can predict more accurate results. In addition, the proposed model is employed to analyze bending behaviors of sandwich and composite plates, and accurate results can be also acquired. Therefore, the present model is proposed to design laminated plates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of infrared detection, a single low emissivity or thermal insulation material can no longer meet the needs, and it is particularly important to design a composite material combining these two factors. In this paper, we designed an all-in-one structural composite material combining a flexible low-emissivity silver plating thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) fibers and a thermally insulating waterborne polyurethane (WPU) aerogel. The low-emissivity surface is made of silver plated electrostatically spun TPU film, and the thermal insulation part is composed of a WPU/cellulose nanofiber (CNF) aerogel. These two parts are formed by putting TPU fibers on the prepared WPU/CNF solution to obtain the desirable composite by a one-step freeze-drying method without additional binder. The infrared emissivity of the composite surface is as low as 0.294 (3–5 μm) and 0.292 (8–14 μm), and the temperature difference of about 59 °C can be generated with the heat target at 100 °C. It shows good camouflage ability to infrared thermal signal under infrared camera. Besides of the advantages of lightweight, flexible and excellent mechanical properties, we believe due to the synergistic effect of low emissivity and thermal insulating will make it a good candidate in the infrared stealth field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the ultimate strength and progressive damage behavior of imperfect composite laminated plates under end-shortening strain using the semi-analytical finite strip method (FSM). Plates with various thicknesses and boundary conditions are perused. First-order shear deformation theory with the assumption of large deflections is considered. To analyze the failure in the laminates, the Hashin and Rotem failure criterion is used, and once the failure occurs, the material properties decrease instantaneously. Three different scenarios have been considered to apply material properties degradation in the failed ply: the complete ply degradation scenario, the strip degradation scenario (SDS), and the strip region degradation scenario. In the first scenario, the properties of the entire ply are degraded instantaneously after predicting the failure. In contrast, in the SDS, the reduction of material properties occurs only in the strip where the failure has occurred. In the third scenario, in order to increase the accuracy of damage analysis, each strip is divided into three regions, and material properties are degraded in the strip's region where the failure has happened. A convergence study is performed with regard to both the number of terms of displacement fields along the strip and the number of strips used across the laminates. To validate the damage responses, the results obtained by the proposed method have been compared with the finite element method (FEM) and available results in the literature. The introduced approach overcomes the limitations of previous methods, such as Ritz, in applying different boundary conditions and is much more suitable than the FEM in terms of simplicity of implementation and computational time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper investigates the normal interaction between the steel striker, carbon fiber and aramid fiber reinforced plastic plates at a speed ranging from 166.6 to 184.2 m/s. A series of physical and numerical experiments with impact load is conducted to design a mathematical model and numerical algorithm for the composite plate. The behavior and fracture of composites are described by the elastic-brittle model accounting for their different compressive and tensile strengths. The numerical simulation utilizes the finite element method in the EFES software developed by the authors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The plate structure is one of the typical components of the mechanical system and its vibration research has attracted full attention. Graphene platelet is a new high-performance nano-reinforced filler and its emergence provides an opportunity to improve the vibration properties of conventional composite plate structures. Purpose: The free vibration characteristics of the three-phase composite thin plate reinforced synergistically by graphene platelets (GPLs) and carbon fibers are studied in this paper, and we also analyze the influences of the content changes of different reinforcements on the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the three-phase composite thin plate. Methods: The effective material properties of the three-phase composite material are calculated according to a combination of the Halpin–Tsai model and the micromechanics approach. The separation method of variables is used to obtain the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the three-phase composite thin plate under different boundary conditions. The accuracy of results from the separation method of variables is verified by comparison with the references. Conclusions: The synergistic effect of GPLs and carbon fibers can increase the natural frequencies of a composite thin plate under different boundary conditions. The mode shape transformation phenomena mostly appear in the higher order vibrations of the three-phase composite thin plate when the GPLs content increases. The appearance of mode shape transformation is accompanied by a change in the rate of frequency growth. These results have important theoretical significance for a widespread engineering application of the three-phase composite structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A static package design of a functionally graded porous plate in microscale which is coated by two polymeric piezoelectric carbon nanotubes reinforced composite (CNTRC) face sheets is provided in this study. The microstructure rests on the Pasternak foundation and is subjected to thermal load. Furthermore, face sheets are subjected to the electric field. With the aid of a quasi-3D hyperbolic shear deformation theory, governing equations of the microplate are derived and then its critical buckling loads are calculated. The properties of all layers alter continuously along with thickness direction due to the CNTs and pores distributions. The size effects are captured by the means of modified couple stress theory (MCST). By conducting the current study, the results emerged in detail to assess the effects of different parameters on buckling of structure. For instance, it is revealed that the highest and lowest critical buckling load and consequently stiffness, is due to the V–A and A–V CNTs dispersion type, respectively. Furthermore, it is revealed that by porosity coefficient enhancement, critical buckling load and consequently, stiffness are reduced dramatically. Current paper outcomes can be used in different fields of sciences such as optimum design of engineering structures or various high-tech industries as aerospace factories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: It is very important to identify the material parameters of composites efficiently and accurately for the dynamic analysis and response prediction of composite structures. In this paper, a high-precision and efficient multi parameter synchronous identification method is proposed for fiber reinforced laminates. Methods: Based on the first-order shear theory and considering the influence of fiber angle, the constitutive model of fiber reinforced laminated composite in any direction is established by using energy method. The model includes four mechanical parameters in a single plane to accurately obtain the anisotropic material parameters. To ensure the accuracy of identification and further accelerate the convergence speed, the Levenberg Marquardt optimization algorithm is innovatively improved, that is, the decision principles of the iterative step and search range are proposed. A detailed parameter identification procedure is proposed, which can identify the four anisotropic parameters once from the modal data of composite plates. Results: Based on experimental tests, the identification method proposed in this paper is used to identify the anisotropic material parameters of laminated composite plates with orthogonal laminated structure and needle structure. Then, the identification process and results of this method are compared with those of the Genetic Algorithm, which verify the accuracy and efficiency of this identification method. Finally, the influences of fiber angle and boundary conditions on the natural frequency are analyzed theoretically. Conclusion: The identification efficiency was doubled that compared with the Genetic Algorithm. The parameter identification method proposed has a good application prospect for other types of composite materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The main purpose of this paper is to detect the damage of interior delamination in composite laminate using a new non-destructive testing method of highly nonlinear solitary waves. We studied the coupling mechanism between highly nonlinear solitary waves and interior delamination composite plate. Methods: The discrete element method is used for the one-dimensional particle chain, based on the residual stiffness model, Hertz's contact law and the composite plate vibration differential equation are used, we obtained the coupled differential equations for one-dimensional particle chain and interior delamination composite plate. We used the fourth-order Runge–Kutta method to solve the differential equations, and obtained the velocity curve and displacement curve of each particle in the particle chain. The influence of the thickness of the damaged composite plate, the average diameter of the interlaminar cracks, and the density of the interlaminar cracks on the reflected solitary waves are analyzed. We used one-dimensional homogeneous particle chain and one-dimensional composite particle chain to detect damaged composite plate with different material properties. Results: The results shows that the reflected waves are sensitive to the thickness of the plate, the average diameter of the interlaminar cracks and the density of the interlaminar cracks. We find that the propagation time of solitary waves in the composite particle chain is shorter and faster, and the detection efficiency can be increased by 23.5% at most. Conclusions: The characteristic information carried by reflected waves can be used for non-destructive testing of damaged composite plate. The research results of this paper enrich and improve the non-destructive testing of composite materials, and accelerate the practical application of one-dimensional particle chain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the special physical characteristics, graphene is considered as an excellent candidate for various engineering applications. Due to the electromechanical coupling properties and significant variations in material characteristics at the interfaces of adjacent layers, existing higher-order models reported in the literature may lack the necessary capability to achieve precise prediction of natural frequencies for piezoelectric graphene-reinforced composite plates. This paper will develop advanced plate theory for the vibration analysis of graphene-reinforced composite plates with a macro fiber composite piezoelectric layer. The number of displacement variables in the developed theory is independent of the layer number. In contrast to earlier higher-order theories, the proposed plate theory incorporates a modified interlaminar shear stress field that accounts for the electromechanical properties. Furthermore, the modified transverse shear stress field can be adsorbed in the equations of motion by means of Hamilton's principle, which can effectively improve the ability to predict natural frequencies of piezoelectric laminated plates. Using the exact solutions and the results obtained from other theories, the performance of the developed theory is evaluated. Compared with the existing higher-order models, the proposed theory is more accurate in predicting natural frequencies. Additionally, a parametric study is conducted for the influences of several significant parameters of graphene and the piezoelectric plate on the vibration responses of the smart composite plates with graphene reinforcements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a rectangular bistable composite laminated plate is studied through dynamic modeling, numerical simulation and experiment. A theoretical model is elucidated, elaborating the dynamic snap-through and nonlinear dynamics of the rectangular bistable composite laminated plate. The potential energy curve, the restoring force curve and the stiffness curve are graphically presented, exhibiting differences from those of square bistable plates. The two potential wells and the negative stiffness region are asymmetric. The dynamic snap-through elucidated by curvature and displacement is graphically presented in phase diagrams and time history diagrams. Due to the asymmetry of the double potential wells, the dynamic snap-through may be unidirectional rather than repeated, and the nonlinear dynamic responses around the two potential wells are asymmetric, which depends on initial positions. In frequency sweep, the frequency-amplitude response curves are characterized by the softening nonlinear stiffness effect and the hysteresis, where there are multiple peaks displaying the first several modes of the rectangular bistable plate around one stable state. The nonlinear dynamic responses are characterized by the periodic and chaotic vibrations, the 1/2 subharmonic resonance, the unidirectional dynamic snap-through and the repeated dynamic snap-through. When the excitation frequency is equal to the first mode frequency for the lower stable state or the third mode frequency for the upper stable state, the dynamic snap-through is found to occur. Linear mode frequencies can show the mechanism of the snap-through to a certain extent. At mode frequencies, sufficient energy is gathered to actuate the snap-through. Unlike square bistable plates, rectangular bistable plates may only be characterized by the unidirectional snap-through under the specific energy input, which depends on initial positions. For rectangular bistable plates, two opportune excitation frequencies that have to be selected can lead to the repeated snap-through. This research is beneficial to the development of aerospace structures, bistable energy harvesters and vehicle vibration isolation devices. Compared to the old work, this work is more in line with the actual situation, where a high aspect ratio morphing wing can adjust its airfoil according to different tasks based on rectangular bistable plates which are more suitable for potential applications in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The analysis of a composite plate by refined plate theories is presented in this paper. The displacement fields of monolayer plate are expressed by means of Carrera unified formulation (CUF), and Taylor-like series expansion is employed along the thickness direction. The governing differential equation of monolayer plate is derived by Hamilton's principle, and the related element stiffness matrix, mass matrix, and load vector are obtained. The element matrix of composite plate is obtained by superimposing single-layer plate elements, and the global matrix is obtained in the finite element framework. Due to the shear locking phenomenon of thin plate, the higher-order model is revised by tensor component mixed interpolation (MITC). The accuracy and reliability of the present model are demonstrated by comparing with classical plate model (classical plate theory and first-order shear deformation theory) and a solid model generated in the commercial software ANSYS. Meanwhile, the geometric parameter optimization of composite plate is studied based on the constructed higher-order model by the multi-objective genetic algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The vibration energy transmission characteristics of laminated composite plates with straight or variable angle fiber paths subjected to distributed force excitations are explored in this paper. Methods: The dynamic responses as a function of frequency are calculated and evaluated using proposed analytical approach and numerical finite element (FE) method based on the first-order shear deformation theory. The FE model is firstly verified by the analytical method and used for the composite plates with various fiber paths. The FE-based structural intensities analysis is carried out to predict the energy transmission and distribution patterns on the laminated composite plates with various fiber paths. Results: The structural intensity streamlines and vectors representation explicitly offer the information of the energy sources, energy sinks and detailed vibration energy distribution and transmission paths. The fiber paths have significant influences on the dynamic responses and energy transmission paths. The results reveal that tailoring fiber paths could lead to the formation of vortex-type flows with low vibration levels. Conclusion: According to the structural intensity fields at the specific excitation frequencies, the tailorable fibers in the forced area or unforced area and curvilinear fibers could be tuned for vibration mitigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to numerically characterize the interaction effects between the plasticity of composite patch repaired aluminum plates and the damage to the adhesive bonding the plate and the composite. An experimental study was conducted to validate the numerical approach used. In the experimental approach, fatigue tests were carried out on notched specimens for both aluminum alloys: 2024 T3 and 7075 T6. In the numerical part, the aluminum plate with the composite patch and the adhesive was modeled. It was assumed an elastoplastic behavior of the aluminum alloy and the adhesive. It was integrated the damage zone law into the calculation code to predict the damage in the adhesive. The numerical study allowed to correlate the damaged area in the adhesive and the plastic area in the repaired aluminum. Based on the results obtained, 2024-T3 alloy has better fatigue life and reduced crack propagation rate compared to 7075-T6 alloy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on optimizing the submerged arc welding encapsulation for domestic steel mills producing bridge stainless steel composite plates. It utilizes a combination of numerical simulation and experimental methods to investigate the changes in temperature field and stress field at the weld joint of the Q370qE/31603 stainless steel composite plate using submerged arc welding. The submerged arc welding of Q370qE/31603 stainless steel composite plate is modeled by the ABAQUS software. The submerged arc welding heat source model is represented by double ellipsoidal heat source model and written in Fortran language. The correctness of the stress field was verified by a layer-by-layer electrolytic polishing method based on the X-ray diffraction method to measure the residual stress at different locations after welding. The simulation and experimental results show that the finite element model is very effective for predicting the temperature and stress of submerged arc welding. By changing the parameters of the submerged arc welding process, the effects of different welding process parameters on the temperature field during the welding process, and the distribution state and pattern of post-weld residual stress were studied. Additionally, the research on the thermo-mechanical coupling for the submerged arc welding process of stainless steel composite plate has been carried out; it was found that there is a strong interaction between temperature and stress fields. The hot rolling tests of the stainless steel composite plates were conducted after welding encapsulation to verify the effectiveness of the submerged arc welding encapsulation model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a low-power fully acoustic non-destructive testing (NDT) of glass fiber-reinforced composite plate has been presented. Input acoustic power in microwatt range was used for local defect resonance (LDR)-based delamination activation. Besides experimental results, numerical simulations were carried out via commercial ABAQUS platform. An oblique incident wave interaction with 3D composite plate was created, and the sound radiation pattern over the plate was studied with an air layer over the plate. In experiment, the sound was generated by a piezospeaker, while a MEMS microphone was used for reception over the plate. Moreover, a laser Doppler vibrometer was utilized for the LDR frequency and corresponding mode shape validation. Frequency spectrum, mode shape at LDR frequency, best wave impinging angle, efficiency, and sound directivity patterns were studied, with angles θ, ϕ = 10°, 30° being found to correspond to the best direction for sonic excitation. Moreover, fully acoustic system was found to be more efficient than partial acoustic system, i.e., that with contact excitation. The proposed method can be used for inspection of large structures taking advantage of the long-distance non-contact excitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Composite plates are susceptible to various damages in complex conditions and working environments, which may reduce the reliability of the structure and threaten equipment and personal safety. Thus, the implementation of a robust online Structural health monitoring (SHM) system for these composite structures becomes imperative. To enhance reliability and safety, we introduce a robust online SHM system anchored by our newly developed damage detection Bayesian neural network (DD-BNN). The main contribution of this study lies in the DD-BNN to perform precise and reliable damage detection and localization in composite plates using only one actuator-receiver pair without any signal/feature pre-processing and human intervention. The proposed DD-BNN model innovatively combines probabilistic modeling with deep learning to address uncertainty in Lamb wave-based damage detection and model performance for composite plates, featuring a specialized probabilistic layer trained through Bayesian inference to efficiently encapsulate and manage uncertainty in model weights and activation. Notably, our method significantly simplifies the SHM system design and manual operation requirements. In addition, this approach not only reduces overfitting but also enhances robustness to noise, as confirmed by experiments on perturbation analysis of Gaussian and Poisson noise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of weights is usually ignored in the study of nonlinear vibrations of plates. In this paper, the effect of structure weights on the nonlinear vibration of a composite circular plate with a rigid body is presented. The nonlinear governing equations are derived from the generalized Hamilton's principle and the von Kármán plate theory. The equilibrium configurations due to weights are determined and validated by the finite element method (FEM). A nonlinear model for the vibration around the equilibrium configuration is established. Moreover, the natural frequencies and amplitude-frequency responses of harmonically forced vibrations are calculated. The study shows that the structure weights introduce additional linear and quadratic nonlinear terms into the dynamical model. This leads to interesting phenomena. For example, considering weights increases the natural frequency. Furthermore, when the influence of weights is considered, the vibration response of the plate becomes asymmetrical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, free vibration of rotating functionally graded (FG) porous eccentric semi-annular (ESA) and eccentric annular (EA) plates reinforced with graphene nanoplatelets (GPLs) in a thermal environment is solved with the help of transformed differential quadrature method (TDQM). Symmetrical and asymmetrical distributions are considered for both the porosity and the graphene nanoplatelets; the estimation of the Young's modulus is conducted by the model of Halpin–Tsai. A higher-order shear deformation theory is considered as the basis for the employment of the Hamilton's principle for the derivation of both the initial equations of the plates-up to the dynamic equilibrium point and the oscillation phenomena afterward. The method of TDQ utilizes a conformal mapping in order to obtain the DQ weighting coefficients and then discretizes the partial differential equations of the motion, as well as the boundary conditions; this discretization takes place in the physical domain directly. The results indicate that the employed numerical approach is advantageous in high solution accuracy in addition to fast convergence rate. Furthermore, the variation of the natural frequencies of the FG plates with different boundary conditions is investigated by taking into account the influences of several parameters: the geometry, such as eccentricity, thickness ratio, radius ratio; the material, such as the type of porosity and GPLs, the porosity parameter and the weight fraction of GPLs, and other parameters, such as temperature difference and rotating speed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the natural frequency and stability of axially moving functionally graded carbon nanotube-reinforced composite (FG-CNTRC) rectangular thin plates. Based on Reddy's first-order shear deformation theory, the partial differential equations of motion for axially moving FG-CNTRC plates in thermal environment are derived by Hamilton's principle and discretized by the Galerkin method. The in-plane displacement and inertia of the plate are retained in the dynamic model. By solving the complex eigenvalues of the gyroscope system, the variations of natural frequencies of the axially moving FG-CNTRC plates with axial moving velocity are obtained, and the stability of the plates is analyzed. The validity of the present model is verified by comparing the natural frequencies and the critical divergence velocity of the axially moving plate with the existing results in literature. The divergence and flutter type of instability, critical divergence velocity, and critical flutter velocity are studied. The numerical results reveal the effects of CNT distribution, volume fraction, aspect ratio, width-to-thickness ratio, and temperature rise on the natural frequencies of the plates. Additionally, the effects of geometry parameters on the critical divergence velocity and critical flutter velocity of axially moving FG-CNTRC plates are studied by plotting the instability regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Without regarding interlayer continuity of transverse shear stresses in the displacement expressions, traditional higher-order plate theories have difficulty in predicting continuous shear stress fields accurately for multilayered functionally graded carbon nanotube-reinforced composite (FG-CNTRC) plates with independent CNT distributions in each layer. In this paper, a new higher-order continuous shear stress multilayered plate model is developed for high-accuracy analysis of FG-CNTRC plates. In the theoretical formulation, higher-order interpolation functions and piecewise descriptions are adopted for transverse shear stress fields. By fulfilling the interlayer continuity of shear stresses and displacements, the displacement expressions for FG-CNTRC plates are formulated. The accuracy of the proposed model is determined by two kinds of parameters: the order of assumed transverse shear stress fields and the number of subdivisions. Compared with traditional higher-order theories, the proposed model can accurately predict continuous transverse shear stresses for FG-CNTRC plates with different CNT configurations by constitutive relations directly. Additionally, a four-node rectangular plate element associated with the proposed model is formulated. Results show that the proposed model agrees well with the exact solutions and results from ANSYS. With the same amount of calculation, the proposed higher-order model has higher accuracy than the model with more subdivisions, especially for asymmetric plates with discontinuous CNT ply angle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper presents the effect of damage in the composite substrate on the controlled response of a smart composite plate. Further, the effective location of piezo patches to control the vibration of a composite plate has also been studied. Method: Two different bending modes have been considered in the study, namely, longitudinal bending and twisting. A negative velocity feedback algorithm has been employed to obtain the controlled response of the smart plate. Using the linear constitutive relations, a layer-by-layer finite element (FE) formulation has been developed for the dynamic analysis. The validation of the formulation has been carried out by comparing the natural frequencies and vibration control response with the results from the literature. Conclusion: It can be seen from the study that the damage below the sensor is influencing the controlled response of the plate more than that of the damage below the actuator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Three-dimensional thermal vibration analysis of functionally graded carbon nanotube (FG-CNT) reinforcement composite plates is performed for uniform, linear and sinusoidally temperature distribution. Methods: The reinforcement directions is considered through the thickness according to four reinforcement models as UD, FG-V, FG-O and FG-X are examined. As the components of the composite, the material properties of both the CNT forming the reinforcement phase and the polymer forming the matrix phase change depending on the temperature, and this is the focus of this study. The effective material properties of the FG-CNT reinforced composite are determined by the mixtures rule. The three displacements of the plates are expanded by a series of Chebyshev polynomials multiplied by appropriate functions to satisfy the essential boundary conditions. The natural frequencies are obtained by the Ritz method. Results: It is shown that the numerical results of the current approach are compared with the results of other researchers for validation, the results appear to be in good agreement. The effects of the thickness-to-length ratio and different volume fraction distributions for cantilever (CFFF) boundary conditions in considered thermal environments are investigated. The effect of different boundary conditions such as clamped (CCCC), simply supported (SSSS), simply supported through the x-axis and clamped through the y-axis (SCSC) and simply supported through the x-axis and free through the y-axis (SFSF) is also examined. It is shown that the increase in the amount of temperature and the type of temperature distribution are effective on the decrease of frequencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ice formation over the aerofoil structure of the aircraft wing has been an obstruction as they abrupt the airflow, acting as drag. The investigation will intend to determine ice accumulation on carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP), approximated as ice build-up on aircraft wings. The observation is carried out over quasi-isotropic composite laminates using ultrasonic-guided waves with a central working frequency regime of 100 kHz. The three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) simulations are performed to observe the scattering effect to explore the reflection site in the far field. This effect was quite prominent for different thicknesses of Glaze ice (G-Ice) and was found to be strongly linked with the wave propagation and dispersion effect. The scattering results for the reflection of Lamb mode, when it interacted with the G-Ice interface, were quite noteworthy along the angular region rather than on the center line, indicating that the scattering was more prominent due to the presence of a 45° or (− 45)-degree fiber orientation in that laminate. A similar but complex scattering phenomenon was observed for different stacking sequences where the wave propagation angle and its amplitude at the receiver nodes are found to be closely bound with the exponential decay in group/phase velocity for the ice thicknesses studied. The FE approach is verified, and the results are validated analytically. Analytically, we have investigated a much-closed approximation with the detectability obtained from three-dimensional studies. Where the dispersion study performed has also contributed to verifying the present investigation in the long wavelength limits. This study can reveal the various optimized locations for placing the sensor for ice detection and quantification, which can be further helpful for practical guided wave inspection in ice detection and its removal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: In comparison to traditional, constant stiffness laminates, variable stiffness composite laminates (VSCL) with curvilinear fibres represent an extra analysis effort. It is the purpose of this work to present and test a relatively simple optimisation procedure, in order to find the maximum fundamental frequency of vibration in bending and in in-plane vibrations. It is also intended to explain why certain fibre paths lead to higher frequencies. Methods: The optimisation is performed using a genetic algorithm (GA), which is described in detail. The bending and the in-plane plate models are based on the p-version Finite Element Method. Each model requires a small number of degrees of freedom, an important feature because applying the GA involves the solution of a large number of eigenvalue problems. In order to support the physical interpretation of the optimal designs, mode shapes and stress fields corresponding to some optimal solutions are illustrated. Results: Single- and multi-layer plates with different boundary conditions and fibre path types are studied. Fibre paths that lead to maximum fundamental frequencies are found and justified. The consequences that maximising the first frequency has on the higher-order modes of vibration are studied. Conclusion: The proposed optimisation and modelling methods are effective. Curvilinear fibres with the characteristics considered led to the maximum first natural frequency of vibration in a few cases, but not all. Particularly in in-plane vibrations, curvilinear fibres can provide major gains in comparison to straight fibres. The increase in the vibration frequency is accompanied by, overall, larger stresses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An experimental analysis was conducted to investigate the use of external steel plates as tensile reinforcement in concrete beams with prefabricated cages and its failure pattern. A prefabricated cage with an external steel plate as tensile reinforcement and stirrups welded directly to the steel plate was used as the rebar cage for the reinforced concrete beam. This work aims to explore the feasibility of external steel plates as tension reinforcement in terms of their bending behavior and deformability till the failure stage. Twelve specimens with the same beam geometry and concrete grade were used. The ultimate load, load–deflection characteristics, and crack pattern have been studied with respect to the control beam. There are four sets of specimens, which are control beam, plate-reinforced concrete beam, control beam with bent-up bar, and plate-reinforced concrete beam with bent-up bar. Two approaches have been taken in this study: an in-house experimental investigation incorporating theoretical analysis and a numerical simulation utilizing finite element approach (FEA). The obtained experimental data indicated a firm agreement of around 94.7–100% with that of the reference beam with the reduction of crack width, number of cracks, and compressive strain on the steel plate-reinforced beams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a numerical method for simulating the crack propagation in functionally graded carbon nanotube-reinforced composite (FG-CNTRC) plates. The numerical method is based on 2-D natural element method (NEM) which can overcome the inherent demerits of FEM and conventional meshfree methods. The 3-D displacement field of cracked orthotropic plate is formulated using the (1, 1, 0)* hierarchical model and approximated by 2-D NEM. The thickness-wise mixed-mode stress intensity factors (SIFs) are computed using the modified interaction integral I(1,2) and the 2-D complex-valued crack-tip singular fields. The crack propagation angle is determined by the modified maximum circumferential stress (MCS) criterion, and the crack trajectories are predicted by an incremental crack propagation simulation scheme. The present numerical method is verified from the comparison of predicted crack trajectories with the published reference solutions. Moreover, using the developed numerical method, the crack trajectory characteristics of FG-CNTRC plates are parametrically investigated with respect to the major parameters. From the parametric investigation, it is found that the crack trajectories of FG-CNTRC are significantly influenced by the material orientation angle and the stiffness ratio. But, the effects of the initial crack angle and the volume fraction and volume fraction pattern of CNTs are not remarkable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on Gurtin–Murdoch's theory, a new mechanistic laminated nanoplate model composed of nanocomposites under various boundary conditions is proposed, where the top and bottom surfaces of the laminated nanoplate are regarded as two-dimensional films which have independent surface elastic parameters. The influence of surface Lamé constants and residual stress on static bending and vibration properties for the laminated nanoplate is studied. In order to get approximate solutions of bending deflections and first-order frequencies for the laminated nanoplate with complex boundary conditions, the variational method is employed in this paper. The effectiveness of the presented variational method is verified by comparison with available results. Numerical results indicate that the effective bending stiffness of the laminated nanoplate considering surface effects is obviously different from the classical result. Moreover, the influences of surface effects on bending deflections and first-order frequencies are related to the surface elastic parameters and boundary conditions. The presented method and results provide a theoretical benchmark for other numerical and experimental methods to study nano laminates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a new bending model for composite laminated shells is proposed based on the refined zigzag theory. This new model is superior to the previous shell models based on the first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT) by introducing in-plane linear zigzag functions along the thickness direction, such that the shear correction coefficients can be omitted. In the present formulation, the bending equilibrium equations and boundary conditions of composite laminated shells are established by the virtual work principle. Without losing generality, Navier series solutions are used to describe the static properties of the composite laminated shells. In order to evaluate the effectiveness and performance of this new model, numerical examples are carried out to discuss the effect of the lamination schemes and geometric parameters on the static properties. In addition, the results are compared with the three-dimensional (3D) elastic theory and FSDT as well as the highly accurate theories in the literature to examine the accuracy. It is observed that the present model not only has the high accuracy of the high-order or other highly accurate models, but also has the intrinsic linear terms of the first-order models, such that it is very suitable for the future deducing finite element method to analyze the large-scale laminates with high computational efficiency. Therefore, the present new model can be a good candidate for engineering applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the bending deformation, free vibration and forced vibration of one-dimensional hexagonal quasicrystal layered plates with imperfect interfaces are investigated. The generalized linear spring layer model is adopted to simulate the interface bonding defects caused by the slip or debonding of quasicrystal materials due to actual production or interlayer aging. The imperfect interface transfer matrix is established for one-dimensional hexagonal quasicrystal layered plates and the analytical solutions of phonon displacements, phonon stresses, phason displacements and phason stresses for static bending, the natural frequency for free vibration, and the displacements of phonon and phason fields for forced vibration under a harmonic excitation are then derived by the pseudo-Stroh formalism. Numerical examples are provided to analyze the influence of the stacking sequence and the imperfect interface parameter of two sandwich plates composed of crystal and quasicrystal materials on the bending deformation and vibrational response of layered quasicrystal composite plates. Furthermore, the presented three-dimensional plate model is applied to quasicrystal-coated aluminium-based composites in engineering practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to investigate the free vibration behavior of laminated composite doubly curved shells of revolution with varying thickness employing an efficient numerical method based on the Haar wavelet discretization method (HWDM). Method: The thickness of the shell is changed along the meridional direction. The theoretical analysis model is formulated by applying of the first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT). The displacement and rotating components of any point of the shell are expanded in the form of the Haar wavelet series in the meridional direction and the Fourier series in the circumferential direction. The constants produced from the integration of the Haar wavelet series are satisfied by the boundary condition. Then, the free vibration results of the shell are directly obtained by solving the governing equation. Results: The results of the present method are compared with those of published literature. The comparison results indicate that HWDM has high accuracy and convergence for the free vibration analysis of laminated composite doubly curved shells of revolution with varying thickness. Lastly, taking into account the effects of boundary conditions, material properties, thickness profile and geometric parameters for the laminated composite doubly curved shells with varying thickness, new free vibration results are provided which can be used as reference results for further studies in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, interlaminar stresses in a symmetrical laminated composite plate with a circular hole under uniform heat flux were examined. The analytical solution was achieved based on the boundary-layer theory by Lekhnitskii's solution. The stress relations related out-of-plane stress components were obtained by variational principle states, the minimum principle of complementary energy, zero-order equilibrium relations and boundary conditions for each layer. The unknown factors in the stress relations were obtained by the equilibrium equation in integral form. This solution prepared a calculation method via adaptability for examining the 3D thermal stresses in perforated laminated with curved boundaries. The results were obtained for [ 45 / - 45 ] s, [0/90]s, [ 30 / - 30 ] s lay-ups made of graphite/epoxy and glass/epoxy materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Although damage's location detection by Wavelet Transforms (WTs) is quantitive, damage's level detection is qualitative. It is a weakness of wavelet transform that cannot detect the level of damages quantitatively. For overcoming this weakness, this paper proposes a novel robust approach for quantifying the damage level of rectangular laminated composite plates using a combination of wavelet transforms and Artificial Neural Networks (WT-ANN). Methods: The finite element method generates two-dimensional signals of vibration amplitudes in the rectangular laminated composite plates. Next, a two-dimensional WTs is applied to the signals to generate wavelet coefficients and wavelet modulus. An artificial neural network is developed to quantify damage's level based on damage locations detected by wavelet transform and fundamental natural frequency. Results: Findings demonstrate that it is possible to quantify damages in rectangular laminated composite plates with high accuracy (R = 0.992). A disturbing phenomenon in damage identification techniques based on wavelet transform is discovered and called "edge noise". Conclusion: Results show that the proposed WT-ANN technique can detect all single-damage scenarios with very high accuracy by eliminating edge noises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a dynamic stability analysis of moderately thick viscoelastic plates is performed employing the Boltzmann integral law with constant bulk modulus. The remarkable and new point of the proposed method is that the frequency of a Mindlin viscoelastic plate subjected to simultaneous constant and harmonic in-plane compressive loads is explicitly predictable based on free vibration analysis of an elastic plate. Moreover, the damped part of frequency is easily calculated. Also, the critical excitation for which the system becomes unstable is determined. This method is completely new and significantly reduces the computational cost. The obtained results are compared with other existing results to show the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method. This method is used to investigate the effects of viscoelastic properties and in-plane compressions on the steady-state responses of Mindlin viscoelastic plates under time-dependent compressive loads. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To find out impact induced defects in a large aerospace structure is quite time consuming due to the large scanning area to be considered. Accurate localization of impacts could narrow the scanning area and improve testing efficiency. In this paper, the multi-frequency characteristic of impact induced guided waves is analyzed. The time of arrival features at various frequencies are extracted from time domain signal by continuous wavelet transform, cross-correlation and Hilbert transform. Two methods, namely image fusion and artificial neural network, are proposed to accomplish the fusion of multi-frequency features. The results show that the mean localization error for the two fusion methods are 4.39 mm and 3.61 mm respectively, the median error for the two methods are 3.56 mm and 3.13 mm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Wangermez et al. (Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 365:113032, 2020) a second-order coupling strategy of a macroscopic description of a structure and an heterogeneous lower scale description of some local details was proposed. As such, the proposed coupling technique is quite elaborate and not suited for an implementation in a legacy code. The purpose of this paper is to facilitate its implementation by means of a dedicated non-intrusive technique. This leads to several implementation propositions, including the use of MPC conditions, which are available in most of the finite element solver. Its interest is that it does not require any modification of the numerical models and can be implemented with any finite element simulation software. The proposed method has been implemented in the finite element Software Z-set™ used by Safran and is illustrated on an example of a 3D woven composite plate in which a severe weaving defect is introduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The modal testing and numerical results on free vibration behavior of completely free woven fiber glass/epoxy-laminated composite shallow shell panels are presented in this investigation. The finite element numerical model is established by a doubly curved shell model on the basic of first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT). Vibration study of the composite shell panels is carried out using a quadratic eight-noded isoparametric element. The modal testing experiments are carried out using FFT analyzer with PULSE software to determine natural frequencies of woven fabric glass/epoxy composite cylindrical shell panels under free–free boundary condition. The first four natural frequencies of completely free woven fabric glass/epoxy laminated cylindrical shell panels are obtained for different curvature ratios, sequences of lamination and number of laminate layers. The modal test values illustrate an excellent concurrence with the numerical values and will serve as bench mark for future investigators in the present area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The current analytical study is devoted to examining the nonlinear free vibration behavior of the laminated nanocomposite cylindrical shells containing multi-scale hybrid reinforcements once a nonlinear three-parameter substrate surrounds the structures. The multi-phase material of the structures includes polymeric matrix, nano-scale GOPs, which are uniformly distributed through the thickness of each layer and macro-scale carbon fibers with various orientation angles. Methods: The effective material properties of each multi-phase nanocomposite layer are calculated by implementing the modified Halpin–Tsai micromechanical scheme together with the extended rule of the mixture in a hierarchy. After that, with an incorporation of the improved Donnell's shell theory and Hamilton's principle, the governing equations are derived. Then by adopting a two-step solution technique, these nonlinear equations are transferred to one ordinary differential equation via Galerkins' method, and in the next step, the nonlinear frequencies of the structure are obtained by employing the multiple scale technique. Results: In the framework of various graphical results, a parametric analysis is conducted in detail to reveal the influences of the different parameters such as nonlinear foundation parameters, carbon fibers' orientation angles, GOPs' weight, and carbon fibers' volume fractions and length-to-radius ratios on the nonlinear vibration characteristics of the multi-phase laminated nanocomposite cylindrical shell. Conclusions: The results declare that the addition of the GO nanofillers along with the CFs and also embedding the structure on the nonlinear substrate can significantly enhance the vibrational behavior of the multi-phase laminated nanocomposite cylindrical shell. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]