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The concept of the "news desert" no longer accurately describes the state of journalism in the United States. The decline of local news is not limited to rural areas but has spread across the entire country. The loss of local journalism is a crisis that affects both urban and rural communities. The current proposals for funding journalism, such as relying on billionaire buyers or philanthropic interventions, are insufficient to address the problem. What is needed is a massive public investment in not-for-profit news outlets, similar to a Marshall Plan for journalism. Without urgent action, the decline of local news will continue to undermine democracy. [Extracted from the article]

Presents information on a white paper of the U.S. State Department on insurgent forces in a country in Central America. Appraisal of the power of communists in the country in the white paper; Information on social, political and civic movements in the country in Central America; Overview of various political forces that were involved in revolutions in the country in Central America.

Comments on the U.S. Supreme Court lawsuit Folsom v. Marsh. Details of the suit which related to whether presidential papers of former U.S. president George Washington were owned by the public; Ruling made in by justice Joseph Story in 1841; Overview of the lawsuit; Arguments made by plaintiffs and defendants in the lawsuit; Issues that were raised during proceedings of the lawsuit.

Focuses on the origin and growth of Boston, Massachusetts' newspaper "Boston Phoenix." Influence of the newspaper on Boston' liberal paper "Globe"; Difficulties faced by the paper over editorial content and management; Operating losses suffered by the "Boston Phoenix"; Circulation of the newspaper in 1972.

This article focuses on the scarcity of newsprints in the U.S. A handful of metropolitan papers, about 200 are getting 85 per cent of available newsprint, while 17,000 papers struggle for the remaining 15 per cent. The U.S., with 6 per cent of the world's population, gets about 60 per cent of the world's production of newsprint; this hampers the spread of democratic ideas abroad and causes loss of jobs to foreign newspapermen and newspaperwomen. During the war all papers subsisted more or less comfortably on quota allotments. Troubles started when the American Newspaper Publishers' Association quietly pushed for lifting of controls, January 1, 1946.

Good many of the admirers of an irredeemable paper currency have begun to admit, within the last few days, that whatever other virtues this currency may possess, it does not possess the power of preventing panics. They are, however, a little hasty, in making this confession, because their experiment has not been tried under the necessary conditions. If they will recall their talk of a few years ago, they will find that the reason they gave for believing that inconvertible paper would protect the nation against crises was that, unlike gold, it could be increased indefinitely in quantity whenever the occasion called for it.

Tabloid journalism in New York is only seven years old. The history of its growth makes a mushroom seem like a century plant. Tabloids have been appearing all over the country since Joseph Medill Patterson started it. Less important newspaper publishers hopped on the bandwagon, and Bernarr Macfadden, who whelps magazines in litters, decided to get in line. It is said that the inception of the News was due to an earnest desire on the part of Patterson to lose money. The year 1918 saw the Chicago Tribune pile up more profits than ever before in its highly prosperous career.

This article focuses on a case of a criminal Lori Berenson. During the nearly five years of her incarceration, much has been written in the United States about Lori Berenson, on how the daughter of liberal, academic parents turned a youthful concern for social justice into a committed passion. Although there have been some reports focusing on Berenson's work with leftist organizations in Central America, little is known about the circumstances of her arrest in Peru. But mention the name Lori Berenson to Peruvians, and the face most of them see in their minds is the one that appeared on their television sets on January 8, 1996, when she was presented to the press by the police, making her first public statement since her arrest.

Focuses on underground press medium prevalent in the U.S. during the 1970's. Views of liberal writers towards underground press publications; Information about papers published by alternative press.

The article presents brief discussions on various political developments in the U.S. and other countries. National Greenback party of New York have adopted a platform of principles declaring that all debts, public and private, should be paid with paper, and that the paper should not be paid with anything. The Ohio Greenback partymen proposed to limit the paper issues of the U.S. government to the demands of business or the employment of labor, and suggested that gold, silver, and greenbacks be made the equals of each other in value. The New York branch proposes no limits whatever, and have no toleration for metallic money of any kind. Absolute money is the only medium of exchange they admit into their bedlam.

This article discusses several sociopolitical issues. The eagerness with which the political candidates' letters of acceptance have been looked for in the present canvass is a striking proof of the small amount of confidence reposed in the regular platform. Also in the article, attention is drawn to some time ago when the remarkable change which came over the friends of irredeemable paper-money since silver began to fall rapidly in value. Now, there has been, as everybody must have noticed during the last year, a considerable falling-off in this admiration for paper-money.

This article focuses on various political issues in Great Britain and the U.S. Hardly any one who recollects the principal struggles of recent years between workmen and their employers can have failed to be stuck with the extent to which the Homestead laborers have obtained the sympathy of the classes socially above them. The letter from the financial correspondent which appeared in the previous issue of the journal, describing the apprehension felt in that city about the effects of silver laws, showed a certain confusion in regard to our silver paper money, which is shared to a large extent in this country. London constituencies, Birmingham, Bradford, Bristol, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Hull, Leeds, Liverpool, Manchester, Nottingham, Salford, Sheffield, and Wolverhampton, being all the places which, under the existing distribution of seats, return more than two members each, will be represented in the new parliament.

Evaluates who is the true owner of official records generated by public officers, the state or the public officer. Assertion of journalists and scholars that transcripts are public property and are subject to the Freedom of Information Act; Information on judgment of the U.S. Supreme Court case on the dispute of ownership of official papers; Details of the controversy surrounding official files of ex-U.S. Secretary of State Henry Kissinger as of November 24, 1979.

Presents several letters to the editor regarding different previous articles and various socio-political developments and issues. Comments on a critical note concerning ownership for issuing paper money; Information regarding questions of Italian and Chinese immigration; Criticism of comments made by Californian writers on the Chinese.

The article discusses some of the political updates related to the U.S. The Republican leaders in the U.S. Congress do not intend to take any steps towards a reformation of the currency at the present session. The odor of loyalty that attaches to the greenback as an instrument of war, "battle-scarred and blood-stained," is still potent. The belief is general that the greenbacks cost nothing that they are a debt drawing no interest and that it would involve an annual loss to the Government to fund them into bonds. The Governor announces that he will give a hearing on the graduated inheritance-tax bill passed by the late Legislature and, "the millionaires" are going to proceed in large numbers to Albany to urge the Governor to veto it.

Presents letters to the editor published in this issue of the periodical "The Nation." Reference to the future of national banknote system; Information related to various periodicals circulated in the U.S.

This article presents information about the book "The Lincoln Papers," edited by David C. Mearns. The papers begin with an exact copy, from the original manuscript of the autobiography which Abraham Lincoln, the U.S. president, wrote soon after his nomination in 1860. Then follow the notes furnished to the campaign biography written by William Dean Howells in that year. Then turning back to 1847, when Lincoln was in the Congress, the selected papers are concerned mainly with the matter of keeping or getting offices for Lincoln or his friends. Most of the selected papers are made up of his mounting correspondence on national affairs. This became, naturally, enormous after he was nominated for the Presidency.

This article focuses on political developments in the United States. In sustaining the U.S. President's veto of the Wright Patman, bill the Senate did not remove the bonus issue from politics either for this session or the next election. The nine votes needed to support the President's veto may not be so easy to muster against the Thomas Clark, a U.S. representative resolution, which gives the President three alternative ways of paying the outstanding certificates with greenbacks, bonds, or cash from the work-relief appropriation.

The article presents information on the Chicago newspaper "The Sun." It was the most violently belligerent paper in the U.S. during its early stages. Chicago was led to expect a great paper. Chicagoans disagreed as to what constituted a great paper, but they agreed on certain factors. It would be well written and well edited. It would be mechanically excellent. It would be complete. It would be independent. It would be original. And-this went without saying in Chicago it would be a lighting paper. The bourgeoisie was sure it would fight the Kelly machine. The progressives were sure it would fight the "Tribune."

This article presents information about politics and finance. There is no doubt that the plan of having the U.S. Government assume the duties of a bank of issue, by supplying greenbacks enough to take the place of the bank-bills now in circulation, is cherished by a great many people who are not repudiationists. They find that for eighteen years the Government notes have performed the functions of money throughout the whole country with an efficiency which the old banknotes never displayed. Nothing can be more dangerous in its tendency towards extravagant and revolutionary measures, in place of fair economic means, than to magnify beyond the reality the gap which represents the difference in material prosperity between capitalists and the wage-receiving classes. If this be the true way of putting the inequality, then American society is uneven to an alarming degree.

This article focuses on the use of dirty words in the U.S. college newspaper work since the advent of journalism schools. As the novelty and sense of outrage wear off, it can't be seen that the excitement over a few specks of dirt on the pages of college papers merely emphasizes the bland homogeneity of campus journalism in general. If people raise hell over the language in a paper, the new breed of editors argue, at least they are reading and responding to the paper which is a refreshing change from the nonreading habits of most student newspaper subscribers.

This article focuses on the influence of the newspaper "Manchester Union Leader," on the New Hampshire presidential primary elections. Presidential primaries, however, are the only continuing event in New Hampshire that attracts more than passing attention from out-of-state media. It follows, then, that the Union Leader's influence is strongest in state politics, where it encounters no effective competition. Any candidate for major office in New Hampshire, regardless of race, religion, creed or party, will receive Union Leader support if he reflects the political philosophy of the paper.

In this article the author presents information related to the emerging technologies in mass media in the U.S. during 1939. Wires now carrying news pictures and offset presses already installed in printing plants are jointly humming a song, and newspapermen know it to facilities are available. be a song of social significance. A photograph of an eight-column newspaper page can be sent by wire as easily as a photograph of an airplane crash. These developments come as a shock to the newspaper business because, while it has played a considerable part in developing the transmission of photographs by wire, it has not been equally aware of changes in the commercial-printing industry.

The daily press, the business with the most privileges of any in the U.S., is about to get one more after nearly two years of Congressional hearings and lobbying notable for both their newsworthiness and scarcity of mention in the news media. The new privilege will be special immunity from antitrust prosecution for separately owned newspapers that have joint operating arrangements, a sort of halfway house between competition and monopoly of local papers. Such immunity would be granted by a bill entitled "The Newspaper Preservation Act."

The article scrutinizes the use of automated voting machines to be used in the 2004 U.S. Presidential election, asserting that the potential for fraud and error is daunting. On November 2, millions of Americans will cast their votes for President in computerized voting systems that can be rigged by corporate or local-election insiders. Some 98 million citizens, five out of every six of the roughly 115 million who will go to the polls, will consign their votes into computers that unidentified computer programmers, working in the main for four private corporations and the officials of 10,500 election jurisdictions, could program to invisibly falsify the outcomes. The result could be the failure of an American presidential election and its collapse into suspicions, accusations and a civic fury. The four major election corporations count votes with voting-system source codes. These are kept strictly secret by contract with the local jurisdictions and states using the machines. That secrecy makes it next to impossible for a candidate to examine the source code used to tabulate his or her own contest. In computer jargon a "trapdoor" is an opening in the code through which the program can be corrupted. David Stutsman, an Indiana lawyer whose suits in the 1980s exposed a trapdoor that was being used by the nation's largest election company at that time, puts it well: "The secrecy of the ballot has been turned into the secrecy of the vote count."

The article looks at a tax provision which will require the United States government to pay up to $8 billion to the nation's ten largest paper companies. The author points out the this money will come from a transportation bill intended to reduce U.S. dependence on fossil fuels. Ironically, paper mills have decided to add unnecessary diesel fuel to their paper in order to qualify for the tax credit.

The author explores the threats to the U.S. electoral system and democracy. Topics covered include details of the incidences of voting system hacking in the country, the implications of the Russian interference in the 2016 elections for the U.S. democratic process and the safety solution to the U.S. voting system as suggested by University of Michigan computer science J. Alex Halderman.

Presents letters to the editor on issues related to the United States politics and government. Views on the Legal Tender Act; Maintenance of the convertibility of the paper money under the system; Questions on the enactment of the income tax law.

Presents letters to the editor referencing articles and topics that appeared in the previous issues. Reasons for the decline in the demand of education in the mixed colleges of the U.S.; Legal tender of the Bank of England; Convertibility of paper money in the U.S.

This article presents information on some recent socio-political developments. It is informed that the U.S. President has recommended a gradual return to specie payments, which is, indeed, the only kind of return possible. Most of the declamation against a "sudden" return being like warnings against a too rapid growth in virtue. It is opined that the advises of the Treasury to be authorized to redeem its own paper at a certain fixed price whenever presented, as a safeguard against violent fluctuations in the value of greenbacks is a perfectly valueless suggestion. In another instance, it is informed that a large number of bills are being presented for consideration by the Congress. The most remarkable one is the bill which proposes that it should be treated as a misdemeanor for any senator or representative to recommend any candidate for office, unless his opinion is asked for in writing by the executive.

The article focuses on Channel 9, a television station, aided by a $5,000-a-week grant from the Ford Foundation, which began presenting its daily "Newspaper of the Air" from 7:30 to 8:30 each night on the third day of the first major newspaper strike in San Francisco, California. Since the beginning of this special project in early January, KQED, which is prob- ably the nation's most successful educational television station, has built up the largest audience in its fourteen year history.

Presents several letters to the editor regarding different previous articles and various socio-political developments and issues. Appreciation for an article discussing realism and idealism in the field of art and literature; Discussion regarding silver basis in the case of paper currency for business growth; Comments on an article exploring role and status of Jews in the U.S. society.

This article presents brief descriptions of various socio-political developments and issues as of January 7, 1886. It first discusses the speech of Senator William M. Evarts at the Merchants' Association dinner, which was mainly occupied with the silver question in context of paper currency. Periodical publishers and other journalism groups' concern was to favor international bi-metallism, and quite another thing to favor the repeal of the compulsory-coinage law. The article further reports that the Pacific Coast delegation in the Congress has agreed upon a new anti-Chinese bill, which is intended to make it still more difficult than it is now for a Mongolian to surmount the wall of exclusion winch has been built against his race.

There has just ended another stage in an encroaching monopoly control over the U.S. press. Within an interval of a year or perhaps two, a further stage will begin to unfold. Then, one after another, newspapers over the country, particularly the small-town and country press, will begin to fall victims to the process. Such has been the experience in the past. It can only repeat itself. The International Paper and Power Company, which by its own boast occupies a position in the newsprint industry "unique in corporate history," has obtained a virtual monopoly on the whole North American paper market. This corporation not only dictates practically throughout the world the price at which newsprint shall be sold, but establishes entirely at its own pleasure the term of years for which its contracts shall run.

One of the strongest arguments advanced for the passage of the Silver Bill, although not made prominent in public debate, was that, if not passed, "the people" would insist on fresh issues of irredeemable paper, and now that it is passed and is awaiting the signature of U.S. President, people are adjured to look at the convention of bedlamites at Toledo, Ohio and to prepare themselves for a tidal-wave of communism and greenback inflation. The proper answer to the Toledo communists and to the Louisville "Courier-Journal," which has been making itself particularly foolish in this business, is that this is as good a time as people shall ever have to "untie the winds and let them fight against the churches." Silver bills, with or without free coinage, are not going to pay mortgages or get people out of debt.

Presents several editorials which discuss different subjects. "Cornering History," which discussed issues related to disclosure of information on the pardon of former U.S. President Richard Nixon; "Malicious Minds," which discussed the U.S. Supreme Court's decision regarding charges of defaming public figures; "Asylum Denied," which discussed the ruling of the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service.

Focuses on the enquiry into the Watergate scandal in the U.S. Assessment of the role of U.S. President Gerald Ford in the enquiry; Questions raised by the enquiry; Appraisal of the decision of Ford to grant pardon to Richard Nixon, former President and accused in the scandal; Opinion of legal experts on the scandal; Role of public papers of Nixon as an evidence in the scandal.

Focuses on the activities of the new right's campus press in the U.S., as of April 1982. Focus given on the fact that the new student right is less a spontaneous outgrowth of campus sentiment; Number of conservative university-affiliated newspapers published in the country; Variations in the origins of the new conservative student papers.

A few minutes after Congress declared war against Germany and Italy, WRUL in Boston, WGY in Schenectady, and BBC in London flashed the word to the occupied countries by short-wave radio. These powerful illegal radios rebroadcast the news to hundreds of mobile stations throughout the Continent. Special editions of newspapers, pamphlets, news sheets, letters, and slogans soon flooded the countryside. From the underground press the Allies obtain strategic information, military and civilian, that could not be obtained in any other way. As the war lengthens, as suffering increases, nationalistic differences are breaking down more and more into the realization that democracy, mutual aid, and cooperation are essentials for any future peaceful Europe. This is the basic principle of Europe's underground press.

The article focuses on the laws and legislation related to the issuance of passport to citizens in the U.S. An act of the U.S. Congress originally passed in 1866 merely provides that the Secretary of State may issue passports under rules and regulations made by the President. The Secretary, through the Passport Division, handles these matters under an Executive Order from the President which empowers him to deny passports or restrict their scope and use in accordance with the "best interests" of the U.S. Thus, the Passport Division has the power except in the rare instance when, owing to the political pull of the applicant or other reason, a higher official overrules it.

Reports on the numerous small newspapers and newsletters that were launched from California to Massachusetts under the U.S. Office of Economic Opportunity (OEO), some of which found their own economic base while the others closed down. Region covered by the "East Boston Community News"; Correspondents and staff members of the East Boston paper; Editorial planning and policy decisions on the paper; Newsletter sponsored by the Cambridge, Massachusetts-based private agency, Urban Planning Aid; Reasons cited for the closure of the newspaper "The Grapevine."

Criticizes the secret plot documented by the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) in clandestine with the U.S. administration to depose and kill leftist ruler Salvador Allende in El Salvador. Forgery operation of CIA in El Salvador; Efforts by CIA to distort the truth of Allende's murder; Support by the U.S. administration to CIA to weave the conspiracy to kill Allende.

This article reports on the fight going on inside the "Washington Times" in efforts to bring the publication more inline with mainstream media. The Times has been an extension of the conservative agenda since its founding in 1982 by the Reverend Sun Myung Moon. Moon's son, Preston, is looking for an editor who will temper the right-wing ideas, especially in light of the racist and sexist atmosphere that has been stoked by editor in chief Wesley Pruden and managing editor Francis Coombs.

The author describes how "The New York Review of Books" has become increasingly politicized since the election of President George W. Bush. In the wake of the Vietnam War, the "Review" became a formidable--and, in some sense, unique--journalistic institution. Many of its readers reside in academia, but the paper has a devoted following in the upper reaches of media, politics and philanthropy, which gives it an influence vastly out of proportion to its circulation of 130,000. The publication has always been erudite and authoritative--and because of its analytical rigor and seriousness, frequently essential--but it hasn't always been lively, pungent and readable. But the election of George W. Bush, combined with the furies of 9/11, jolted the editors. Since 2001, the "Review's" temperature has risen and its political outlook has sharpened. In stark contrast to "The New Yorker" or "The New York Times Magazine," the "Review" opposed the Iraq war in a voice that was remarkably consistent and unified. What blew the dust off "The New York Review?" As war drew closer, and the press grew more accommodating and deferential, the "Review's" disgust increased, and the editors fired their heavy weaponry. The fall of Baghdad only deepened the fury of the "Review's" contributors. Judt is not the "Review's" only critical voice on Israel. What accounts for the "Review's" post-9/11 revival? One word that continually tumbles from the lips of seasoned "Review"-watchers is "Vietnam." In the case of Iraq, as with Vietnam, the "Review" saw what many other commentators missed or ignored.

This article presents information on the reissue of greenbacks in the U.S. during the year 1872. Republican newspapers purported to discuss a rumor which they announced to the public, to the effect that the Secretary of the Treasury intended to reissue some four or five millions greenbacks which had been retired from circulation. They mentioned the advantages of the plan, and its disadvantages, on the one hand, the effect which it would have in easing the money market, in facilitating the transportation of the crops to deep water; on the other, the objections to it which would arise from the danger of increasing the supply of the protested notes of the Government, the danger to its own credit, and the doubt as to the legality of expansion attained by the reissue of notes once withdrawn from circulation, under the provisions of an act framed with the express intention of contracting the currency.

The Senate of the U.S. provided a financial scheme consisting of four different measures. One of the measure proposed is withdrawal of three per cent certificates. One of the means of raising money, adopted during war pressure, is the issue of a large amount of compound-interest notes, or legal-tender greenbacks bearing interest. The withdrawal of these compound-interest notes is contraction of the worst kind, and yet is necessary for the healthy reorganization of the finances. Another measure is an incoherent attempt to crowd the essential measure of specie-payment resumption.

This article presents brief descriptions of various recent socio-political issues and developments in the U.S. It first focuses on Senator John Sherman's latest banking bill. It provides that upon a deposit of bonds any national banking association shall be entitled to receive circulating notes equal in amount to the par value of their bonds bearing interest at the rate of not less than 3 per cent, and redeemable at the pleasure of the U.S. at the date of such deposit; and if bonds deposited are not so redeemable, and bear a rate of interest higher than 3 per cent, then the issue of circulating notes may be to an amount equal to 95 per cent. The article further reports that among the amendments to the Lowell Bankruptcy Bill suggested by the Convention recently held in Washington D.C., is one making dealings in futures on the part of the bankrupt a ground for objecting to his discharge.

The article presents information on political developments in the U.S. The bill passed in the House by a large majority, forbidding the Secretary of the Treasury to cancel any greenbacks hereafter, repeals the section of the Resumption Act which directs greenbacks to be withdrawn to the amount of 80% of all fresh national-bank bills issued, until the amount of Government notes afloat is reduced to 300,000,000 dollars. In the so-called Florida confessions, the chief confessor is Judge Samuel B. McLin, chairman of the late Board of State Canvassers. A sense of duty impelled him to let it be known that when the canvass was made he labored under the conviction that it was his privilege and duty, in a political sense, to give the benefit of every doubt in favor of the Republican party.

This article presents information about socio-political developments around the world. When a craze like the greenback movement or the silver movement of the U.S. begins, the consequences of which are just as well known to financiers as the results of certain combinations to chemists, the first impulse of the ordinary politician is to go into it with all his might, and flout the experience of the civilized world. The trouble into which France is once more plunged is probably due more directly to the state of mind of the Catholic clergy than to anything else, though, of course, when one says this one must bear in mind the peculiar condition of French society and the antecedents of French politicians.

The article discusses the author's claim that number of experienced newspaper journalists that are employed in America is declining as of 2016, and it mentions the negative impacts that this trend could have on journalism and democracy in the U.S. Corporate downsizing , job search failures, and opportunities for freelance journalists are addressed. Middle-aged and older employees are examined, along with America's newspaper industry, employee buyouts, and the costs associated with older workers.