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• A decision-making system of sponge facility allocation optimization is established; • The runoff coefficient grading of each sub-catchment area is analyzed; • The regression relationships between LID facilities and the control effects are built; • The layout of LID facilities is optimized and gray facilities are connected reasonably. In order to effectively cope with the destruction of natural hydrological cycle mechanism, frequent urban flood, serious water pollution and other problems, which are caused by the rapid urbanization process, the 'sponge city' concept has been widely used in China. This paper mainly focuses on how to rationally arrange the sponge grey and green facilities in built-up urban areas. With background analysis as the premise, model construction as the platform and swarm intelligence optimization as the method, the optimal proportion of sponge green facilities is determined. Furthermore, gray facilities are strengthened for the problem area, and the optimal allocation scenario of sponge facilities with the combination of gray and green is obtained through continuous circulation. The final results show that the optimal layout proportion of rain garden, sunken green space, permeable pavement and green roof are 3.88%, 7.95%, 2.01% and 0.99% respectively, which can meet the 80% runoff control rate and 40% pollution load control rate in the standard. Based on the simulation results of 50a rainfall, regulation and storage facilities are arranged near the severely overloaded node and the diameter of the overloaded pipes are increased. It can be proved that runoff and pollution can be effectively controlled and urban flood can be alleviated with grey facilities by model. The research results of this paper are expected to provide the overall idea and method of layout optimization of grey-green facilities for sponge city construction in built-up urban areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mining valuable minerals from desalination concentrate is a promising path to improve resource utilization efficiency and reduce the environmental impact. With the rapid expansion of the desalination industry and the improvement of extraction technology, the comprehensive utilization of desalination concentrate is approaching commercial reality. This paper summarized the development status of the desalination industry within and outside China. On this basis, the economic potential of valuable minerals mining from seawater desalination concentrate was estimated. Our results showed that when the in-operation membrane desalination projects in China run at full capacity, the discharge of seawater concentrate is about 1,696,900 m3/d. The high commercial potential chemicals are boron, lithium, and rubidium because of their high concentration and unit price. If continuous production can be achieved, its economic value will be more than desalinated water production. In addition, this paper summarized the extraction technologies of magnesium, potassium, rubidium, boron, strontium, and lithium in desalination concentrate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cofferdam is a key component of the containment system during the construction period. In order to ensure the quality and safety of underground open cut structure projects in China, and to strongly promote the development and progress of similar underground engineering cofferdam technology such as open cut lake tunnels, this paper takes the Jinji Lake tunnel cofferdam project as the basis, and conducts a study on the deformation law and stability state of PC combined method pile cofferdam support structure during the whole process of weir pumping construction combined with field monitoring analysis. The results show that: (1) with the continuous pumping and slope excavation, the overall structural deformation of the cofferdam tends to move more and more towards the inner side of the cofferdam; (2) during the construction process, the horizontal displacement values of the pile tops on the waterward and backward sides of the cofferdam do not differ much; and the maximum horizontal displacement value of the pile body on the waterward side does not differ much from the horizontal displacement value of the pile top, but on the backward side differs significantly. (3) During the pumping process in the weir, the maximum horizontal displacement of the piles on both sides of the weir basically appears near the bottom of the lake. The study reveals the asymmetric deformation law of the piles on both sides of the weir, which provides reference for similar projects of PC combined method pile cofferdam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Red mud is a red-coloured, mud-like solid waste discharged from the industrial aluminium production process, which has a high output and is a pollutant. It exhibits a small particle size and a large specific surface area and contains active oxides. In this study, "red mud" and "phosphate" were used as keywords to retrieve research hotspots and progress for the red mud as a phosphate adsorbent in the past 10 y. CiteSpace and VOSviewer visual literature analysis software were used to cluster countries, institutions, authors, and keywords. Related patents showed that research on the phosphate adsorption performance of red mud has considerably increased since 2013 and that China has made a significant contribution. This paper summarises the main chemical composition and modification methods of red mud and collects from literature the relevant mechanism research and data on phosphate adsorption/desorption using red mud as an adsorbent. Summarising data on the microstructure of red mud adsorbent, it is found that there are few reports on red mud as adsorbent based on density functional theory. This study suggests that the problem of the steric hindrance of the red mud adsorbent in the phosphate adsorption process needs further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the world, non-point source (NPS) has become one of the important factors affecting the water environment and water ecological security in the basin. In this paper, we investigate the response of runoff to pollution loads by establishing the MIKE SHE and MIKE HYDRO River coupled model with the Danjiang river basin as the research object; The MIKE LOAD is used to analyze the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of agricultural NPS pollution and to perform equivalence load analysis of pollutants in the basin; Single and combined control measures are set up to simulate the reduction effect of each pollutant for NPS pollution control in the basin. The results show that daily runoff has a high correlation with daily pollution loads of ammonia nitrogen (NH 3 -N) and total phosphorous (TP); The pollution load of Jingziguan section calculated by the coupled model is comparable with the results calculated by MIKE LOAD, and the relative error is below 30%, and the simulation results are reasonable. The trend of the load into the river for all pollutants is consistent with the rainfall and generally shows the characteristics of high loads in flood season and low loads in non-flood season. The total emissions of NPS pollutants in the basin are TN>NH 3 -N>TP>COD, and the loads share of the four pollutants are 52.82%, 21.31%, 19.42% and 6.44% respectively. Four single and one combination measures are set up to evaluate the pollutant reduction effects. The reduction effect of combined measures is significantly better than that of single measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evapotranspiration (ET) accounts for 60%-70% of terrestrial precipitation. Accurately calculating ET has always been one of the hot issues in ecohydrological research. Watershed ET includes natural ET and artificial ET. Natural ET includes vegetation transpiration, bare land evaporation (the two called land ET) and water surface evaporation. Artificial ET mainly refers to irrigation ET, that is, ET generated by human activities. Estimating total ET is the premise of watershed ET management. In this paper, we used the Penman‒Monteith model to estimate land ET, the Dalton model to estimate water surface evaporation, and the AquaCrop model to estimate ET generated by agricultural irrigation water in the Ziya River Basin from 2005 to 2015. Based on the integrated watershed evapotranspiration model, the effects of driving factors on ET were quantitatively analysed. The results showed that the Penman‒Monteith model, Dalton model and AquaCrop model had high simulation accuracy. The total ET fluctuated between 418.4 and 452.3 mm/yr, and the annual average ET was 437.5 mm/yr. The ET of the main land use types was ranked as woodland (496.7 mm/yr) > arable land (468.9 mm/yr) > grassland (320.0 mm/yr). Spatially, the ET in mountainous areas was lower than that in plain areas. The distribution of ET in the total amount, mountainous and plain areas, woodland, grassland and arable land showed a significant Gaussian distribution. Temporally, the interannual variation was small, and the intra-annual difference was mainly caused by climate factors. The conversion of grassland and woodland into arable land had the greatest impact on the total ET. Temperature, precipitation and leaf area index had a positive impact on ET. The impact of land cover change on ET was more significant than that of climate factors. This study can provide an integrated approach for ET estimation in water resource management and land planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the scale of China's outward foreign direct investment has been expanding, and the political risks are also intensifying. How does political risk affect the decision-making of outward foreign direct investment? This paper collected the relevant data of 134 countries from 2003 to 2016, using the regression method of System Generalised Method of Moments. It studies the political risk preference of outward foreign direct investment in the world and China. The study found that there is no political risk preference in the world as a whole. In contrast, China's outward foreign direct investment has obvious political risk preference. China does not have a political risk preference for developed countries. At the same time, China has shown strong default risk preference for emerging market countries and countries along the "the Belt and Road". This study adds default risk when measuring political risk, and further subdivides political risk into five categories, taking into account their internal interaction mechanism. In addition, this paper not only studies the similarities and differences of outward foreign direct investment 's political risk preferences between China and the world, but also introduces investment motivation to better explain the location choice of China's outward foreign direct investment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization, China’s domestic water consumption has increased year by year. To improve the efficiency of household water use, China has issued mandatory national standards for Minimum Allowable Values of Water Efficiency and Water Efficiency Grades for Water Closets (GB 25502-2017) and Minimum Acceptable Values and Grades of the Energy Efficiency and Water Efficiency for Smart Water Closets (GB 38448-2019) and implemented a water efficiency labeling scheme. Based on scenario analysis, this paper designs a BAU scenario without implementing water efficiency standards and labeling scheme, a Standard Scenario where only water efficiency standards are implemented, and a Standard + Labeling Scenario where water efficiency labeling is carried out based on implementing water efficiency standards. By analyzing the market share and water efficiency distribution of ordinary and smart toilets in 2021–2025, the water consumption of toilet flushing and bidet functions in the three scenarios above were calculated. Compared with the BAU scenario, it is estimated that under the Standard Scenario, the annual water savings is 1.39~3.35 × 108 m³, and the cumulative water saving is about 10.75 × 108 m³ in five years; Under the Standard + Labeling Scenario, the annual water saving is 1.39~5.45 × 108 m³, and the cumulative water saving is about 17.39 × 108 m³ in five years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the impact of COVID-19 on China's coal import trade. First , this paper makes a qualitative analysis of the status quo of China's coal import scale before and after COVID-19. Second, the impact of the pandemic on China's coal import was estimated by panel VAR model based on the confirmed global COVID-19 data and China's coal import data with Johns Hopkins University Center for Systems Science and Engineering database and Wind database from January 2019 to June 2021. The result shows that the pandemic has a significant impact on both the supply and demand of China's coal industry in short term. There is a rebound in coal demand due to manufacturing industries having resumed work and production under the successful pandemic control in China. Finally, this paper analyzes the measures of China's coal import process during the COVID-19 and suggests how to deal with the global public crisis in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The combination of non-fungible token (NFT) with paintings, music, games, videos and other forms of creative content is an innovation to protect the copyright of authors. It digitizes physical works with unique labels. At present, the NFT industry is blooming in the area of digital collections in China, attracting increasingly more artists, art collectors and platform enterprises to interact. However, the NFT digital collection platform is facing challenges and growth limitations. This study adopts the theory framework of responsible innovation. Through semi-structured interview and secondary document review, it analyzes the positive and negative effects of China's NFT digital collections alongside technological, economical, ethical and social dimensions. The paper proposes four development paths to achieve responsible innovation of this emerging new business. Further discussion links NFT with open innovation dynamics, alongside areas for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the impact of real exchange rate volatility and misalignment on exports and imports between China and the United States. Our empirical analysis used the quarterly time series data over the 1994Q:1–2019Q:4 period. We used the ARDL-bound testing approach for the short- and long-run relationship. The empirical results reveal that China's real exchange rate volatility and misalignment significantly impact China's real exports and imports over the sample period. In the short-run, the relationship between real exchange rate misalignments and China's exports is positive, whereas negative with imports from the United States. In the long run, the real exchange rate misalignment positively affects exports and negatively affects imports. The evidence suggests that both higher real exchange rate volatility and misalignment directly affect the relative price of goods and encourage China exports to United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water shortage is one of the main bottlenecks in the development of coal chemical industry in China, and one solution is to allocate water resources between coalmines and coal chemical plants in a systematic perspective. In this paper, the zero liquid discharge technology is proposed and tested in field on a coalmine in Mengshan Area, northwest of China, and the water recovered is allocated to a local coal chemical plant. After in operation for more than 4 y, this project has solved the problem of mine water drainage on one hand, and on the other hand, provided chemical production water, residential water and ecological water for the surrounding areas, which greatly alleviated the impact of water intake on the ecological environment of the Yellow River. As this project continues in operation, the socio-economic benefits of relevant surroundings will gradually become apparent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the unique academic culture in Chinese philosophy and social sciences, researches on method framework provide an opportunity for understanding the thinking model and value orientation of the ancient eastern civilization. The field of information science has achieved fruitful results in the method framework research closely related to the unique discipline history and academic mission. The paper reviews information science method frameworks in China and presents their academic features from three aspects: 1. levels of the framework, 2. research strategies, and 3. essential techniques. At the same time, we summarize the value of this Chinese academic wisdom and the practical experience of information science in China to promote this research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the chemical stability for tap water from water distribution system (WDS) and finished water from water treatment plants (WTP) of Yancheng City was evaluated by Langelier saturation index (LSI), Ryznar stability index (RSI), aggression index (AI), and Larson ratio (LR), respectively. The spatial and temporal variations of LSI, RSI, AI, and LR were analyzed and compared based on a total of 384 water samples including 256 tap water samples and 128 finished water samples collected monthly from September 2013 to December 2018. The objective of the paper is to reveal the spatial and temporal variation of chemical stability in tap water and finished water and the relationships between chemical stability and trihalomethanes (THMs), which was measured by gas chromatography equipped with an electron capture detector. Most samples have LSI values of lower than 0.0, RSI values of higher than 7.5, AI values of lower than 12.0, and LR values of higher than 0.5. The results indicated that both the tap waters from sampling sites of S1, S2, S3, and S4 and finished waters from WTP1 and WTP2 have the tendency of corrosion. In addition, the corrosion degree of tap water from S1 and S4 similar to treated water from WTP1 is less than the tap water from S2 and S3 similar to treated water from WTP2. Furthermore, the monthly variation of LSI and RSI values indicated that the chemical stability in summer with higher temperatures tends to scale, while the chemical stability in winter with lower temperatures tends to be corrosive. The monthly values of LSI, RSI, and AI have a close relationship with trichloromethane due to the effect of temperature. In the WDS of Yancheng City, the THMs primarily consist of bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane, and tribromomethane due to the effect of seawater intrusion that brings more brominated THMs. The results obtained can help managers understand and improve the chemical stability of tap water in WDS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has slowed down international investment and trade, and partially disrupted the global supply chain. This paper provides an overview of the findings in 80 scholarly articles from recent years, comprehensively summarises and analyzes the research on international capital flows and global value chain（GVC）reconstruction, and deeply reveals the impact of COVID-19 on OFDI, the change of OFDI performance before and after the pandemic and factors that may accelerate GVC reconstruction in the future. We identify research gaps in a combination of OFDI and GVC reconstruction at both the macro and micro level and suggest several future research topics such as political risk and bilateral relations factors, the role of China in OFDI and GVC dynamics, network and OFDI performance, network characteristics of GVC reconstruction, OFDI and GVC reconstruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lime coagulation and the full-membrane process are sharply being used in wastewater treatment as the technology is cost-effective. This paper studies the water treatment system in thermal power plants located in northern China. The municipal reclaimed water is processed by lime coagulation and full-membrane technique and it is the main water supply source of this power plant. An analysis is established to affirm the operation status of lime coagulation and full-membrane systems. The response surface Box–Behnken central composite design method was used to optimize the lime coagulation system to achieve the desired results. The optimal conditions are obtained by the response surface method and combine with the actual situation. In conclude, the polymerized ferrous sulfate (PFS) dosage (30 mg/L), the NaClO dosage (4.5 mg/L), the stirring rate (300 rpm), temperature (20°C), pH of flocculant area adjusted by adding calcium hydroxide (10.1), inlet flow (800 t/h) and pH of effluent adjusted by adding H2 SO4 (6.5). Under these conditions, chemical oxygen demand and NH3 –N removal rate is 84.72%, 88.25%, and 87.74%, respectively. After the effluent passes through DMF, ultrafiltration, primary, and secondary reverse osmosis, and EDI, the effluent finally meets the requirements of high-purity water in the thermal power plants. Any problems associated with the process and solutions of corresponding problems are also discussed in this paper. All the requirements desired from lime coagulation and full-membrane technique are successfully achieved and save a large amount of freshwater resources. The annual savings for the thermal power plant is about 7.63 million USD and also there is no acid–base wastewater drainage that needs to be treated. The payback period of the project investment is 33 months. The research results provide technical support for the water treatment process upgrade of the thermal power plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper explores the regional cooperation model and the differences among artificial intelligence research teams. It is helpful to reveal the status and strategies of scientific cooperation models across regions or within regions. We identified the world of artificial intelligence research teams with co-authorship network, and then identified the leading team based on the Number of Publications, Number of Citations, H-index, Weighted Degree Centrality, Betweenness Centrality, and Closeness Centrality. Based on the identified artificial intelligence research leading teams, this paper divides different types of cooperation models by region and comprehensively analyzed the three aspects of geographical distribution, cooperation indicators, and cooperation topics in the research teams from the perspective of comparisons. In order to find the international gap between China and other countries, we still highlight the difference between China's participation and non-participation in cooperation. The research results show that Chinese and their foreign research maintain close ties with major scientific research countries; international cooperation is widespread and is conducive to crossing into the leading team; China's domestic cooperation is higher than in other countries, and their domestic cooperation research is mainly manifested in the data processing and application level, while the core technology and basic algorithm levels need to cooperate with foreign countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the deepening of ecological civilization construction, the water pollution caused by the discharge of industrial wastewater and domestic sewage has attracted people's extensive attention. Sewage treatment project is becoming more and more important as an important work of water pollution control. In order to reduce the financial pressure of the government and improve the efficiency of the industry, more and more sewage treatment projects adopt the Public Private Partnership (PPP) financing mode. However, the PPP financing mode of the project has the characteristics of long construction cycle, long investment recovery period, many participants and so on, the project implementation process is faced with more and complex risks, how to effectively carry out the risk management of sewage treatment PPP project is the key to the success of the project. In this paper, the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is firstly used to reduce the dimension of the risk factor set, and then the risk assessment index system is obtained after further generalization and sorting. On this basis, considering the correlation between the indicators. Use Criteria Importance Though Intercrieria Correlation (CRITIC) objective weighting method to give weight to the indicators. Secondly, the risk assessment model of sewage treatment PPP project is established by using Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) multi-objective decision-making method. Finally apply the model to the Shanghai city Bailonggang sewage treatment project risk evaluation, the results show that the operation process of sewage disposal PPP projects need to focus on professional talents loss of monitoring and control, construction safety, the effects of government credit risks, and the sensitivity analysis to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed selection model. It is hoped that the above research can provide useful reference for the construction risk assessment of sewage treatment PPP projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is outward-looking, being part of China's 'Going Out Strategy' while Africa's current regional infrastructure programmes are primarily inward-looking as they seek to deepen the continent's regional integration. This paper argues, drawing from international cooperation theory, that China and Africa can cooperate in implementing BRI despite the apparent conflict in their infrastructure connectivity aspirations. They can coordinate their policies for the purpose of mutual benefit through enhanced connectivity and trade between Africa and China on the one hand and deepened African regional integration and intra-African trade on the other. This could be achieved by using Africa's regional programmes as building blocks for cooperation in BRI. This paper also highlights lessons from BRI that Africa could use to fast-track implementation of its own initiatives including the mobilisation of stakeholders by political leaders, creation of dedicated institutions and funds, and building of local capacity in the infrastructure sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-tech zones are an important platform for local governments in China to carry out regional collaborative innovation and an important carrier for the construction of a regional innovation ecosystem. The evolution path of innovation ecosystem in a high-tech zone is divided into three stages: enterprise collection, industrial cluster, and system integration. The innovation subjects form a complex network system that transcends the physical boundary. This paper studies the relationship between innovation input, innovation output, and innovation environment from the perspective of cluster innovation ecosystem structure. Using data mining technology, this paper establishes an index variable system of the innovation ecosystem in a high-tech zone, which includes innovation input, innovation output, and innovation environment. Based on the data of the Nanning National High-tech Zone in China, empirical tests were carried out, using factor analysis and regression analysis to analyze the quantitative relationship between the input, output, and innovation environment of the Nanning High-tech Zone's innovation ecosystem, and to explain the relationship between each other and the overall innovation of the high-tech zone. This research has certain practical significance for enriching and perfecting the theory of industrial clusters and studying the evolution of the innovation ecosystem of high-tech zones from a micro level. It has important, enlightening significance as a reference for the construction of innovative high-tech zones and the enhancement of high-tech zones' independent innovation capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After the promulgation of the “water pollution control action plan” in China, zero liquid discharge (ZLD) of flue gas desulfurization (FGD) wastewater has become a hot spot for electric power conservation. In this paper, key factors affecting spray evaporation and optimum conditions were studied through laboratory experiments and industrial applications. The research results show that small atomized particle size, high flue gas flow rate, and high flue gas temperature were conducive to the complete evaporation, The optimum parameters through our lab test are listed as, flue gas temperature 300°C, the liquid flow rate 150 ml/min, the compressed air flow rate 15 L/min and the flue gas flow rate 300 m³/h; What’s more, industrial test was conducted in one specific power plant, the system can be safely run and the complete evaporation can be realized. The bypass flue has no adverse effects on subsequent equipment. This paper provides an optimized scheme for the FGD wastewater ZLD process and data to support achieving the FGD wastewater complete evaporation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water quality pollution has become a primary environmental global concern as society is changing. The pollution of environmental resources is an issue of social concern worldwide, particularly the deterioration of water quality. Groundwater quality deterioration has been the focus in the water quality field. A precise predictive model is needed to obtain a clear understanding of the factors controlling groundwater quality conditions, to assess how to reduce risk and to optimize urban water quality management for the purpose of improving water quality in urban groundwater systems. Therefore, how to improve the accuracy of rating prediction calculated by the water quality systematic assessment model becomes the focus of this study. Combining back-propagation (BP) neural network with a genetic algorithm, this paper proposes the water quality, systematic assessment model, based on genetic algorithm optimized BP neural networks and its potential application to a typical urban groundwater quality system assessment in northwest China. In this study, nine main factors were used as indicators of qualifying water quality that encompasses pH, ammonia, chloride, nitrite, dissolved solids, chemical oxygen demand and fluoride ions. The method is illustrated with water quality of 223 variables data from a surveillance system of fifteen groundwater water monitoring sites in Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China during the 1996–2015 period. Firstly, using Shannon entropy (information gain) to classify the recorded data into five categories. Referring to (in terms of) the groundwater quality criterion in 2017 (GB/T14848-2017), following data pre-processing to provide more abundant information for recognition. Second, correlations were analyzed using the Spearman correlation. Water quality ratings were significantly highly correlated with statistical measures of the chloride, nitrite, dissolved solid and fluoride ions. Then principal component analysis methods are deployed for dimension reduction. On this basis, the evaluation index is refined; the basic structure of the back-propagation neural network (BPNN) is introduced, and a genetic algorithm is used to improve BP neural network. The results indicated that a genetic algorithm-back propagation neural network (GA-BPNN) model accounted for an accuracy of 90.91%, which was much higher than 63.64% on accuracy by BPNN. And thus, it is important to develop GA-BPNN modeling methods to enhance the evaluation accuracy of water quality parameters. This method can be used as a decision support tool to evaluate the impact of urban groundwater utilization on water quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Lurgi gasification technology has attracted significant commercial interest in China owing to its suitability for production of synthetic natural gas (SNG). However, hazardous trace elements (HTEs) in Lurgi gasification ash have the potential risk of contaminating surface and groundwater. In this paper, the HTEs in ash with different particle sizes from Lurgi gasifier and the HTEs concentrations of leachates were investigated by using an ICP-MS (Thermo Fisher, ELEMENT2/XR) and a direct mercury analyzer (DMA 80). Moreover, the mass loading (f(x)) and ecological risk index (RI) was introduced to evaluate the risk level of HTEs in Lurgi gasification ash with different particle sizes. The content of Be, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Ba, Pb, U and As in fine ash (<3 mm) accounts for 40–55% of the total content. HTEs are more likely to concentrate in the fine ash with a particle size of less than 3 mm and a large specific surface area in the Lurgi gasifier. The pH range of the leachate is from 8.2 to 10.1. As and Cd presented the highest leachability, and more than 85.9% of As and over 54.1% of Cd in the ash were transferred into the leachate. The concentration of As, Cd, Be and Cr in the leachate is negatively correlated with the ash particle size, while Pb is positively correlated. The mass loading index of Lurgi ash with particle size of 3 ~ 6mm is the smallest, less than 10%. And the ecological risk index (RI) of Lurgi gasification ash increased with the decrease of particle size, but all of them were at low-risk level. However, in some cases, the leached concentrations of arsenic exceed the allowable limit of the secondary groundwater standard in China. • Twelve HTEs were evaluated to assess the potential hazard of these solid wastes when disposed. • HTEs are more likely to be concentrated in the fine ash with a particle size of less than 3 mm. • The ecological risk index (RI) was introduced to evaluate the risk level of HTEs in Lurgi gasification ash. • Distribution and leachability of hazardous trace elements (HTEs) in ash with different particle sizes are studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil erosion is the primary cause of land degradation, which directly leads to ecological environment deterioration. Nowadays, soil erosion has grown up to be a global public nuisance and have menaced the surviving of human being and the development of society. Fully understanding the soil erosion distribution characteristics is of great significance for formulating reasonable and effective control measures. Based on the RUSLE model and GIS technology, this paper quantitatively analyses soil erosion distribution characteristics in Dianchi watershed, explores the relationship between erosion and topography, such as elevation and slope. The results show that the erosion amount of Dianchi watershed in 2014 was 2,250,100 t a-1, and the average erosion modulus was 861.09 t km-2 a-1. The entire watershed is dominated by tiny erosion, but the intensity of erosion gradually increases from the centre to the periphery. The erosion at the south and north ends of the watershed is most significant. A significant positive correlation was found among soil erosion, altitude and slope. As the altitude increases, the erosion becomes more intenser. As slope increases, the erosion becomes more significant. The average elevation increased by 200 m, and the degree of soil erosion increased by 1.24 times. For each level of slope increase, the soil erosion modulus increased by 497.28 t km-2 a-1. Soil erosion mainly occurs in an area representing 17.73% of the basin. Additionally, soil erosion is mainly distributed among areas greater than 2,200 m above sea level and above 35°; thus, this region is the critical area of erosion limitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the face of global climate anomalies and frequent rainfall, China's large and medium-sized cities are extensively and frequently flooded, so urban waterlogging becomes increasingly severe. As an important means of management of rain and flood resources, Sponge City provides a new way to solve urban waterlogging. In this paper, taking the waterlogging regulation in the Old Urban Area of Qingyang as an example, with the construction of Sponge City as the concept, the current waterlogging was analyzed through the field investigation and simulation. According to the local characteristics of climate and rainfall, terrain, and topography, and soil and water body, systematic regional waterlogging regulation measures of "source reduction, process control, and terminal storage" were put forward address the actual situation of collapsible loess and soil and water conservation in the cities on the Loess Tableland, which provided experience and reference for similar water problems in other cities on the Loess Tableland in Northwest China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper the attempt is to raise another dimension of trade, namely, the value of Chinese currency vis-à-vis US dollar. One of the main motivations of our paper is to address the prime question of whether the Chinese currency is actually undervalued or has it been appreciating over the years? The current trade war is, at least, in part driven by the nervousness on the part of the USA that the Chinese currency is actually undervalued and, hence, leads to USA having a mounting current account deficit. Our study shows that Chinese Yuan has been growing at half per cent per annum in the past 22 years. China's Current Account Balance (CAB) has remained positive and growing, whereas, USA's CAB has remained negative. There is an 80% correlation between USA's loss and China's gain in share of foreign reserves, which has grown at 9% p.a..in recent years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current era of Industrial 4.0, open innovation, and the sharing economy, innovation ecosystems are formed through government-industry-university (triple helix) interaction. The concept of responsible innovation has emerged to explore how innovation can be conducted in a transparent, trustworthy, and sustainable way so as to respond to the public interest. While current literature provides a conceptual framework, details of how responsible innovation can be formed, developed, and sustained in the sharing economy, in particular in developing countries, have been under-explored. This paper aims to explore factors of responsible innovation, linking dimensions with business practice, and identify the dynamic stages of the industry life cycle. Through an in-depth case study of China's shared bicycle industry and the firm Hellobike, this paper has prioritized factors which lead to responsibility, such as user safety and friendliness in product design, real-time operations combined with big data, collaboration between industry and local government for industry standardization, and user credit systems. It has enriched key dimensions based on literature and case studies and proposed dynamic interaction models for industry, government, users, and universities at different stages of responsible innovation in the shared bicycle sector. From this empirical study, future research areas have been identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate description and analysis of the dynamic behavior of state variables in multi-effect distillation (MED) desalination process is a challenge for its characteristic of numerous variables and their complex correlation. This paper is aimed at exploring the dynamic response of state variables with the derived dynamic model in MED desalination process, including evaporate temperature, salinity, evaporation mass flow rate and brine pool level. Adopting the reported modeling strategy, a rigorous dynamic model of the MED is established by coupling the dynamic equations of mass, salt and energy balance of the system, considering the relation between the state variables and the operating time. The dynamic model is solved in finite time and the influence on state variables is investigated under specific conditions, that is, by importing disturbance in feed temperature, feed flow and/or steam flow. From the point view of process control, the indices of maximum deviation (MD), response time (RT) and transition time (TT) are applied to analyze the transition process of state variables, serious parameters of which are significant for PID controller and control scheme deployment, especially in multistage and integrated process. The parameters of a designed nine effects advection MED plant in China are taken as the initial input data of the model in simulation and analysis part. Simulation results demonstrate the transition process and the approximate data of MD/RT/TT for the state variables in the case plant. The evaluation process might promote the practical application of dynamic simulation result for control scheme implement and the further control strategy research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China has emerged as the second largest economy in the world during the globalization in the last forty years. However, in the last decade, Chinese manufacturing has also demonstrated its dark side causing wide range of concerns globally and directly jeopardize people's health because of serious pollutions. How could the world keep its industrialization yet without damages to the natural environment? The paper proposes a new framework entitled 'IE³' by integrating three domains of knowledge--Industrial Entrepreneurship, Industrial Engineering and Industrial Ecology. The IE³ model provides a potential answer to the future development pathway for industrialization, changing from pursuit of quantity to quality via considering resources efficiency and ecology efficiency. The novelty of the research lies in incorporating three originally separated theories into a comprehensive system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water and sediment regulation scheme (WSRS) is an annual water conservancy project which aims to alleviate sand depositions and reduce flood risks in the Yellow River of China since 2002. There are few researches on the sand bar within Yellow River tail channel and its estuary from each WSRS effect, though these relative researches are important to be carried out for a better understanding of WSRS. By interpreting two GF-1 satellite images in the end of 2013 and the start of 2015 after carefully controlling some potential bias factors from the change of water level, precipitation or tidal, we compared and analyzed the change of sand bars by one WSRS implemented in 2014 in this paper. Our results indicated this WSRS changed obviously the area/shape of sand bars. It made the area of the river sand bar decreased totally by 5.55 km2, while the estuarine sand bar increased by 2.08 km2. And it achieved the highest scour efficiency (90.11%) in the straight channel, but it achieved the lowest scour efficiency (44.71%) in the more bends channel. From the prospect in the change of estuarine sand bar, the west side area increased, while the east side area shrank. There were some broken small sand bars on the north side and they were forming a large sand bar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of financial development in enhancing water resources and its utilization is imperative for attaining the country's sustainable development. This paper used different stages of financial development indices and their resulting impact on water resource utilization in order to examine the threshold effect in China by using panel data from 2004 to 2015. This study put forward the threshold effect hypothesis by establishing a general equilibrium model. Further, the study employed the panel threshold model and panel fixed effect model to test the above hypothesis empirically. The results show that the single threshold effect exists in the relationship between financial development and water resource utilization. The impact of financial development on water resource utilization is not a simple linear relationship. When the growth rate of financial development is lower than the threshold value, there is a certain "threshold effect". Spatial heterogeneity affects the relationship between financial development and water resource utilization. Finally, the study found financial development in coastal areas with abundant water resources is relatively higher. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Raw water after chlorination disinfection will produce a variety of chlorinating organic compounds, known as disinfection by-products (DBPs). After investigation, the main DBPs exceeding the standard in northeast China is trichloroacetaldehyde (CH) stipulated in the standards for drinking water quality (GB5749-2006). However, the scale of water treatment plants in such areas is mostly smaller than 5 × 104 t/d and due to the problems of testing capacity and cost, the detection of CH cannot be realized. Once the raw water quality changes, the safety of the factory water quality cannot be guaranteed. In this paper, chlorination experiments were carried out on the raw water of the Mopanshan Reservoir in cold areas of northeast China, which contained a high level of natural organic matter. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to conduct statistical analysis on the results, and the formation model of CH based on water temperature (T), pH, turbidity, chlorine dose (Cl) and permanganate index was established. It can provide a good way to predict the formation of CH in water treatment plants with similar raw water characteristics and disinfection methods in cold areas of northeast China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the landscape pattern and ecotourism carrying capacity of Pan’an Lake Wetland Park in Xuzhou city were analyzed by means of geographic information system technology, field investigation, questionnaire survey, and other methods. The results showed that: (1) In the classification of first-level landscape elements, water patches accounted for 63.879% of the total area and had a high degree of aggregation; the number of green space patches was the largest and the average patch density was the largest; the construction land area was the smallest, the aggregation degree was the lowest; Shannon diversity index (SHDI) was 0.872, Shannon evenness index (SHEI) was 0.794. (2) In the classification of second-level landscape elements, the area of water surface was 2.256 times of wetland, the area of multi-layer green space was 2.19 times of grassland. The area of building was the largest in construction land. The shape index (LSI) of road was the largest. The SHDI was 1.538, and the SHEI was 0.791. (3) The ecotourism carrying capacity of Pan’an Lake Wetland Park was 23,226–35,240 persons/day, 8,477.49–12,862.6 thousand persons/year, watching-birds capacity was the limiting factor of ecological capacity, while catering facilities were the limiting factor of facility capacity. (4) Landscape pattern has a certain impact on the carrying capacity of ecotourism. The higher evenness index increased the possibility of tourists’ diversion in different scenic spots in peak season and the bird watching capacity should be improved by increasing the LSI of the roads in Pan’an Lake Wetland Park. Ecotourism carrying capacity may be increased by increasing construction land area, but the ecological effect of wetland park may be reduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low impact development (LID) technology has become a crucial urban design tool in Europe and North America. In China, although LID is still a new technology to them, the Chinese government is charmed by this technology, and they have come up with the policy that builds sponge city through the LID technology. The goal of “Sponge City” is to achieve efficient stormwater management and wastewater treatments. This paper discusses this stormwater management and wastewater treatments, as well as their evaluation, through various case studies. Recommendations will be provided for the researchers and professionals based on the discussion of these cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The benefits of water resource utilization include social benefits, economic benefits, and ecological environmental benefits, so it is difficult to evaluate them comprehensively by adopting the traditional cost-income analysis method. Catastrophe evaluation method, which majors in dealing with uncertain problems, evaluates system synthetically based on the internal mechanism of the system. It calculates the evaluation value of the system in the condition that the relative importance of the indexes is determined and the exact weights are unknown. In this paper, the comprehensive evaluation model of water resources utilization benefits is established based on the catastrophe evaluation method. Moreover, the method which embodies the important roles of various benefits effectively is applied to evaluate the comprehensive benefits of different water resources utilization schemes from 2000 to 2005 in Zhengzhou City of China. The results show that the method has good flexibility and provides a new idea for a comprehensive evaluation of water resources utilization benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines empirically the role of selected macro-economic variables in determining FDI inflows in the context of BRICS countries. The study employed the Pooled Mean Group (PMG) Auto-Regressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) method for annual dataset over the period 1994 to 2018. The findings of the study indicate that factors like GDP, trade openness, exchange rate, gross capital formation and availability of infrastructure facilities are significant in long run. The country-specific analysis for short run indicates that among BRICS, the FDI determining variables differ in each country. Among BRICS, China is the finest country with the significant and positive effects of examined variables in stimulating FDI inflows. As BRICS economies are facing challenge at the global level, the study suggested the need of adoption of liberal policies to attract more FDI along with growth promotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quality of product water by seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) desalination has an impact on consumers' health. In this paper, data of product water were obtained from three full-scale SWRO desalination plants for the benefit of a drinking-water supply system in China. Qualities of this product water were analyzed by 103 items. Moreover, challenges and future research needs of the product water by SWRO desalination were pointed out. The results showed that inorganic chemicals and disinfection by-products accounted for about 42% and 33% of the total measured indicators, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water accessibility assessment (WAA) is very important to the ecological restoration of freshwater wetlands and water resources management due to an intensive human disturbance. This paper develops a quantitative methodology for WAA in the Yellow River Delta National Nature Reserve (YRDNNR), from which an assessment of water accessibility is made on the freshwater wetlands. The assessment uses a Water accessibility index (WAI) model by employing GIS network analysis and spatial statistical analysis. Five indicators for the model cover both natural and anthropogenic factors, including distance from freshwater resources, average elevation, road density, ditch density, and number of culverts at the grid scale. The values of the WAI model are between 0.26 and 0.82. The WAI has a significant and positive spatial autocorrelation. There are totally 12 freshwater marsh patches exist in the YRDNNR. The highest WAI value in the freshwater marsh patch occurs near the estuary area of the Yellow River, while the lowest WAI value lies farthest from the Yellow River. There are two freshwater restored wetlands that have lower WAI values, from which a scientific restoration strategy is presented to remove the paddy field, roads and other facilities between two wetlands and the Yellow River Course. The results of the WAI model have been validated by matching the ratio of water body area within patches and consulting with local administrators, which indicates a satisfied WAI assessment effectiveness. The proposed WAI can help administrators to guide wetland ecological restoration and to plan for freshwater resources management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Migrant children are an unintended consequence of the widened rural-urban gap in China. In Dengfeng, a county-level city in central China, many of the 70,000 full-time martial arts students were rural-to-urban migrant children 'floating' with their parents from one place to another. Drawing on 12 months of ethnographic fieldwork, this paper explores why these migrant children 'migrated' to martial arts schools for educational purposes and how they and their parents seek to establish a new value system within which different forms of capital can be accumulated, disseminated, and transformed as society expects. This paper argues that the (imaginary) transition between and flow of economic, cultural, social, and symbolic capital construct a path to an aspirational future used by both these martial arts students and their parents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water is the source of life and human activities can not be separated from water. Especially the quality of drinking water is closely related to human health. The paper constructed game models involving water quality inspection bodies and supervision authorities. Then the paper analyzed the influencing factors to the supervision efficiency of regulatory authorities, including the punishment intensity of the regulatory authority, reputation loss of the water quality inspection bodies and penalty from superior authority due to failure to punish the water quality inspection bodies and so on. Finally the paper put forward specific measures to solve the problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To develop an applicable indicators system and a reasonable model to evaluate water resources management in China, this paper explored adaptation relationship and weights between the bottom indicators and subsystems based on global principal component analysis method. Additionally, this paper obtained coordination degree and coordinated development index though simulation and applied K-means to reveal the law of coordinated development. The empirical results showed that (i) water efficiency, water supply, water demand, and water structure were four subsystems in evaluation indicators system, and the scores of water supply subsystem were the lowest among them; (ii) research samples were divided into five clusters according to the coordinated development index, and the overall water resources in the east and south were abundant, while in the west and north were poor; and (iii) water efficiency was relatively high in regions with shortage of water resources or more developed economies. Thus, it can be concluded that the distribution of water resources was uneven, and water efficiency was the key subsystem to improve coordinated development of water resource management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid, stable, and healthy development of China's economy, sports return to the masses' demands, form a natural concept, and become popular with people. Gradually, water sports become the first chosen leisure and sports for the people in their spare time. Such fitness activities have provided broad development space for the development of national fitness. However, with the development of economy and the deterioration of ecological environment, the utilization of water resources does not accord with the concept of sustainable development. In this paper, the megacity of scarcity of water resources-Xi'an city was taken as the research object, the water resources carrying capacity and its problems were analyzed by building an evaluation system. The study proposes the countermeasures and suggestions on developing water sports by analyzing the water resources carrying capacity. Also, this paper aims to provide theoretical basis for the development and succession of water sports in large and medium-sized cities under drought stress. The results could provide reference for the development of national fitness in the region, and program support for the development of water sports industry to promote water resources protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines trade frictions between US and China and if these have an effect on ASEAN's trade ties with the former countries. Since the early 1990s, there have been friction between these two countries whereby US blamed the Chinese government for its trade deficits and pointed to low value of Yuan compared with USD as a culprit. Though former US presidents had taken a softer approach in dealing with China on this issue, current president Donald Trump has been unrelenting and has taken a hardline stance. Trump's presidential campaign was founded on correcting US economic imbalances and he fulfilled his promises by imposing high tariffs on Chinese products. The sticky point is whether this policy will achieve its objectives since there are many US companies operating in China and who export their products in significant quantities to their home market. This trade friction will undoubtedly have spill over effects on the trading partners of both countries, namely ASEAN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the role of innovation policy and the main facilitators to promote China's international trade in the European Union. The theme Innovation Policy of China to potentiate their international trade in the European Union (EU), from 2014 to 2019. To undertake this, research was established the literature survey. The results show that regarding the research areas there is a multiplicity of themes, including Trade Policy, Digital Trade, International negotiations, Multilateral relations, Leadership, China – Politics & Government, Digital Trade Apps, International Trade, Trade Balance, and Goods balance. Also, the US–China trade war has consequences on the GTC because China, but also the EU and other countries are focussing their trade interest in other regions, especially consumers in Asia, Eurasia, Africa, and South America. For future studies, it is suggested to expand the search for articles concerning China and EU Trade on other databases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While scholars have studied extensively the individual determinants of willingness to pay (WTP) for improvement in environmental quality, few have delved into the nonparametric nature of such determinants. This study identifies the different major determinants for high and low WTP groups for improvement of water quality in Miyun Reservoir, Beijing. Using QR, interval regression, and Tobit model, this study finds that household income is highly and positively correlated with maximum WTP. In addition, attitude towards the environment, environmental knowledge, demand for improvement in environmental quality, education, and being male are all positively correlated with maximum WTP. In contrast, age is negatively correlated with maximum WTP, consistent with many existing studies. Compared with interval regression and Tobit, QR reveals more interesting results. We find that household income is more significantly correlated with WTP above the median maximum WTP value than below. For the top 1% of maximum WTP group, all nine determinants are highly significant, suggesting that the well-educated ones who command high salaries should be the target group of such policy initiative. By using QR, this paper sheds light on the varying public preferences rooted in income distribution and ability to pay in a fine-grained manner, and thus provides insight into effective policy targeting to implement water policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water pollution can be transferred either through natural water bodies or, indirectly, through economic activities. The former is a physical transfer, which has been extensively investigated and just used for controlling pollution of transboundary river basin. The latter is a virtual transfer. Trade and economic globalization increased the needs of transportation, it leaded to energy consumption increasing, so that environmental pollution is worsening in China, in this paper, we analyzed the path of multimodal transport, built a multimodal transport mode on low-carbon goals and cost-selection goals in low-carbon environment, then using genetic algorithms and math methods to solve the modal, we got the conclusion that transportation take a very important role in reducing carbon emissions and costs; although the cost and carbon emissions is a contradiction, but in multimodal transport, through rational optimization, enterprises can meet the economic interests, at the same time, also realize low-carbon transport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the influence of natural factors and human activities on the evolution of groundwater quality, the analysis on applicability of groundwater plays an important role in guiding its development and utilization. Based on 44 groups of groundwater samples in dry and wet seasons of People's Victory Canal Irrigation Area in 2016, this paper uses single-factor evaluation and exceeding standard rate to analyze the applicability of groundwater as drinking water and reveal the main exceeding standard factor. US Salinity Laboratory diagram is used to evaluate the applicability of groundwater as irrigation water. Based on the three aspects of scaling, bubbling and corrosion, the applicability of groundwater for industrial use is evaluated. The results show that groundwater in the study area is not suitable for drinking, while the hardness and total dissolved solids contribute most to the groundwater quality exceeding standard. The over-standard contribution rates of total hardness, total dissolved solids, Cl- and SO4 2- in wet season are lower than those in dry season, while the over-standard contribution rates of NH4 +, NO3 - and NO2 - increase. Except the four areas of G01, G08, G11 and G20, the groundwater in other areas can be used as irrigation water for agriculture, but the possibility of salt damage caused by long-term irrigation is greater. When groundwater in the study area is used as industrial water, more than 80% of the areas will not produce corrosiveness but will produce a large amount of bubbles and boiler scale. Therefore, it is not suitable for industrial water use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, the desulfurization wastewater produced from flue gas desulfurization (FGD) has complex compositions, discharging of FGD wastewater results not only consumption of large quantities of water resources but also destruction of the environment. With the implementation of "The Action Plan for Prevention and Treatment of Water Pollution" in China, the discharging requirements for FGD wastewater from coal-fired power plants are increasingly stringent. Besides, the traditional chemical precipitation method can no longer meet the needs of the current "zero discharge" policy. Thus, advanced treatment of desulphurization wastewater has become an inevitable trend. It is necessary to analyze the existing advanced treatment technologies for desulfurization wastewater and find out the difficulties and problems existing in these technologies. Then, the rationalizations of these technologies will be proposed, and improvable system will be designed as well as the goal of "zero discharge" achieved gradually. This paper will discuss the characteristics of desulphurization wastewater and introduce the current status of existing wastewater treatment techniques by comparing their advantages and disadvantages. In the end, combined with technologic development and the analytic results above, a new concept of "thermal membrane hybrid method" is being proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the problem of rough irrigation habits and low irrigation efficiency in Hetao irrigation area in China, which only pays attention to increasing yield, this paper proposes a method of accurate extraction of canal information based on fusion of rules and image enhancement in order to improve the level of canal irrigation management in Hetao irrigation area. Accurate calibration of canal information is the premise of precision irrigation management. For satellite remote sensing, it is difficult to collect information with high accuracy in sub lateral ditches in the field. For ground stations, calibration work is difficult to move flexibly with the target. Therefore, based on UAV remote sensing images and object-oriented segmentation method, a fusion of rules of two spectral features and two shape features was adopted. The optimal combination rule of "image enhancement splicing threshold 2%, normalized chromatic aberration coefficient a = 0.1, b = 0.9, c = 1.2, spectral average less than 98, minimum enclosure rectangle aspect ratio between its minimum value and 1, extension line greater than 1 meter" was obtained. The information of some ecological canal system in Hetao Irrigation District of Inner Mongolia was extracted, and the recognition accuracy reached sub lateral ditches level. The two evaluation methods of canal system calibration were put forward and the experiment was evaluated. The correct rate of sample 1 interpretation of combination rules was 87.5%, SNR (Signal-to-Noise Ratio) of classification results was 7.602, which provided accurate canal system information for precise irrigation operation and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Textile industry is a significant water consumer and wastewater discharger. China has been the largest textile producer in the world over the years. Textile wastewater has become an important source of pollution that affects the water environments in China. This paper mainly discusses the current status and challenges of the water pollution control in Chinese textile industry, including wastewater discharge, wastewater characteristics, discharge standards, wastewater treatment and reuse technologies, costs, and emerging contaminants. The wastewater treatment and reuse technologies in Chinese textile industry have been developed significantly, but the wastewater management has been imprudent. With the consumers' growing demands for novel textile products and the stricter environmental protection requirements, Chinese textile water pollution control needs a systematic solution. To effectively improve pollution control and environmental sustainability, it is necessary to change the end-of-pipe control to the whole process design and control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]