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2. Molecular simulation of different types of polysilsesquioxane doped cellulose insulating paper: A guide for special cellulose insulating paper.
- Author
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Zeng, Zhenglin, Tan, Weimin, Deng, Yanhe, Cheng, Quan, Fu, Liuyue, and Tang, Chao
- Subjects
CELLULOSE fibers ,CELLULOSE ,GLASS transition temperature ,MODULUS of rigidity ,BULK modulus ,ELASTIC modulus ,DIELECTRIC properties - Abstract
To develop special insulating paper is of great significance to promote the service life of transformers. Using molecular simulation to guide the development of special insulating paper can greatly reduce the trial-and-error rate and waste of resources in traditional experiments. The effect of different types of polysilsesquioxane (POSS) on cellulose insulating paper was investigated by using molecular simulation. This paper investigated the thermal stability and mechanical properties and electrical characteristics of caged POSS, semi-caged POSS, and ladder-like POSS doped cellulose insulating paper. The results show that POSS with all types can enhance the performance of cellulose insulating paper, and ladder-like POSS possess the best modification effect. The glass transition temperature was increased by 58 K, and the bulk modulus, shear modulus, and elastic modulus of cellulose insulating paper doped with ladder-like POSS can improve up to 27.07%, 45.67%, and 41.28%, respectively. Meanwhile, the dielectric properties of ladder-like POSS modified insulating paper are also significantly improved. The findings of this paper propose a method for the preparation of ladder-like POSS modified insulating paper, which provides theoretical guidance for the experimental preparation of special insulating paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Assessing the potential utilization of super teak for furniture, flooring, veneer, pulp paper and wood pellets.
- Author
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Indrawan, D. A., Damayanti, R., Ozarska, B., Illic, J., Pari, G., Krisdianto, Dewi, L. M., Pari, R., Agustiningrum, D. A., Adi, D. S., Sofianto, I. A., Djarwanto, and Rahmanto, R. G. H.
- Subjects
WOOD pellets ,WOOD-pulp ,PAPER pulp ,WOOD floors ,TEAK ,WASTE paper ,EUCALYPTUS - Abstract
Super teak is a fast grown species of teak (Tectona grandis Linn. f) derived from several clones. This has facilitated plantation rotations as short as 5 years. The main target of conventional plantation teak was initially for high value logs. Young teak wood from plantation forest usually has a small diameter. Moreover, the wood from very young stems is unsuitable for direct utilization, but advance wood processing technology can improve the wood properties of small diameter logs. This study aimed to assess the potential utilization of young super teak for high quality products namely furniture, flooring, and veneer, and assess the possibility of the use of manufacture waste for pulp paper and wood pellets as side products. The evaluation were carried out according to the National Indonesian Standard and other international standard requirements. 18 logs from wet (Bogor) and dry (Magetan) sites representing large, medium, and small diameter classes were collected. According to SNI 01-0608-1989 Timber for Furniture, 5-year-old super teak was suitable for furniture production. Furthermore, according to SNI 7732.1: 2011: Teak Veneer, the super teak was classified as Grade C because of the presence of sapwood, pinholes, tight and lose knots. According to Australian Timber Flooring Association, 5-year-old super teak was classifiesd as soft flooring group, the same group as mature teak & radiata pine. The young super teak was classified as Class Quality/Group II with very low active alkali consumption and low Kappa Number according to Indonesian wood fibre criteria for pulp and paper materials and Association of Pulp and Paper in Brazil. Finally, based on SNI 802: 2014 Wood Pellet, the super teak was recommended as by-products for utilising the wood waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Properties and potential use for paper pulp of four less-known hardwoods originated from natural tropical rainforest in South Sulawesi Province of Indonesia.
- Author
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Lempang, Mody and Pasaribu, Gunawan
- Subjects
PAPER pulp ,HARDWOODS ,JACKFRUIT ,WOOD ,SPECIFIC gravity ,HARDWOOD forests ,BIOMASS conversion - Abstract
Wood is biomass made from lignocellulose, the main raw material for pulp production, both species of hardwood and softwood. Utilization of as much wood as possible, including less-known wood species, is widely open because the availability of good quality wood for industry raw materials is increasingly limited. In general, all wood species can be used for paper pulp. But the selection of types of lignocellulosic material with specific properties, such as physical, anatomical and chemical, play an important role in efficiently using wood as raw materials for pulp and paper. This research was carried out to examine wood properties (specific gravity, fiber quality and cellulose content) of four less-known hardwoods from natural tropical rainforest in South Sulawesi province of Indonesia and assessed their potential use for paper pulp. Those hardwood species comprised of cempedak (Artocarpus integer Merr.), jabon merah (Anthocephalus macrophyllus Hav.), saling-saling (Artocarpus teysmanii Miq.) and simpur (Dillenia serrata Thunb.). The specific gravity determined by the weight of oven dried wood and volume of air dried wood where the wood volume be measured by water immersion method, the fiber dimensions measured through maceration preparations which was made using the Franklin procedure, while TAPPI method used for chemical analysis. In condition to paper pulp raw material, the specific gravity (0.40 – 0.69) is categorized as moderate, the fiber quality is classified as good (class II), and cellulose content (40.12% - 52.47%) is categorized as moderate to high for all those less-known hardwoods. All four less-known hardwoods studied potentially use for paper pulp raw materials. But simpur has the most potential due to long fiber and higher specific gravity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Effect of fly ash and paper pulp material composition variations on papercrete products using heating method at 110°C for 6 hours.
- Author
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Amin, Muhammad, Handoko, Anton Sapto, Hendronursito, Yusuf, Suka, Ediman Ginting, Nabila, Syendy, and Rajiman
- Subjects
FLY ash ,PAPER pulp - Abstract
Variation of fly ash and pulp paper composition at 110°C for 6 hours was carried out to discern the effect of fly ash and pulp paper addition in papercrete. sixth variations in paper pulp and fly ash composition were employed to perceive the characteristic that occurs in the sample. The papercrete material composition was weighed, mixed until it became homogeneous and then casted in a mold with a size of 18 x 5 x 2 cm
3 . Papercrete samples were allowed to stand within the mold at room temperature for 24 hours and released from the mold to stand again for the next 24 hours, after which it heated at 110°C for 6 hours. Characterization using XRF, SEM-EDX as well as Mechanical and physical tests carried out after the samples was cold. Papercrete with sample code K6 has the highest flexural strength and density value of 2.03 MPa and 2.4 gr/cm3 while papercrete with sample code K1 has the lowest flexural strength and porosity value of 0.4 MPa and 17.89%. Characterization shows that the chemical composition of the samples was dominated by the oxide compound CaO and SiO2 in papercrete. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. High enhancement, low cost, large area surface enhanced Raman scattering substrates all by atomic layer deposition on porous filter paper.
- Author
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Niu, Feng, Hu, Yimin, LeKarz, Stephen, and Lu, Wei
- Subjects
SERS spectroscopy ,ATOMIC layer deposition ,FILTER paper ,SURFACE plasmon resonance ,RAMAN scattering ,SURFACE area - Abstract
We successfully developed an atomic layer deposition (ALD) method for making Ag noble nanoparticles on cheap, commercial filter paper consisting of three-dimensional porous glass fibers and investigated the evolution of Ag nanostructures with some key process parameters. By tuning Ag particle sizes and controlling the cycle numbers of ALD deposited Ag films, we were able to obtain high-density isolated Ag nanoparticles with average sizes in 3–9 nm without the formation of agglomerates and continuous Ag films. We proved the presence of strong localized surface plasmon resonance peaks near a target wavelength of 632 nm. We further proved the presence of surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) signals on the Ag coated filter paper substrates using pyridine as the test analyte. Our results demonstrate that ALD is a very promising technique for a rational design of SERS substrates and, thus, has great potential for the fabrication of large-area, low-cost SERS substrates for future commercial applications, as compared to other existing techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Fabrication of negative magnetostrictive Japanese traditional paper (washi) with cobalt ferrite particles.
- Author
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Kurita, Hiroki, Rova, Lovisa, Keino, Takumi, and Narita, Fumio
- Subjects
MAGNETOSTRICTION ,FERRITES ,COBALT ,JAPANESE language ,WOOD-pulp ,CELLULOSE fibers ,MAGNETIC particles - Abstract
The cellulose fibers that form washi are longer than those of regular paper made from wood pulp. Hence, the mechanical properties of washi can be higher than those of conventional paper. This study evaluated the magnetic, magnetostrictive, and tensile properties of negative magnetostrictive cobalt ferrite (CoFe
2 O4 ) particle dispersed handmade washi (washi−CoFe2 O4 ). The CoFe2 O4 additives magnetized the washi, which displayed negative magnetostriction with the fiber direction perpendicular to the magnetic field and in the parallel fiber direction. Concerning the mechanical properties, the washi−CoFe2 O4 displayed an elongation of up to 77% after yielding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Production process analysis using six sigma approach and failure mode effect analysis to reduce sheet break on core board paper products PT. Indonesian Papertech, Subang.
- Author
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Rahayu, Apsari Dita Indah, 'Azzam, Abdullah, Susilo, Heri, Alditama, Rizky, and Rusli, Fahrul Triyulianto
- Subjects
FAILURE mode & effects analysis ,SIX Sigma ,MANUFACTURING processes ,CARDBOARD ,PAPER products - Abstract
Quality and productivity are the things that are most often the focus of discussion in the production process. PT. Papertech Indonesia is one of the companies producing cardboard products or paper board industry (hard paper). The products produced in addition to core paper also produce other types of paper including: Chip Board, Super Chip Board, Cone Board, Core B. In producing paper, the thing that most affects the quality of a product is the change grade or the change in the type of product. If at the time of change grade there is an error in the settings it will cause problems, namely sheet break or broken paper. Sheet Break is broken paper which can cause a decrease in machine productivity and add defective products in the warehouse, this defect product is meant to not meet the specifications of the consumer. Six Sigma approaches and Failure Mode Effect Analysis (FMEA) used in this study to determine the sigma level value for sheet breaks, factors that cause sheet breaks and find solutions to reduce risk. The results showed that there are two machines that often experience Sheet Break, namely Couch Roll & Lumbreaker and Dryer 1st Group machines which are caused by various factors. Based on the value of the Risk Priority Number which is the largest for the cause of Sheet Break, namely unstable vacuum during Change Grade, Lack of understanding and skills in the Change Grade state, Lack of understanding of the steps for Change Grade. Based on these results, recommendations are given to minimize the causes of priority Sheet Breaks carried out for each category and each cause, one of the recommendations given is the use of appropriate vacuum equipment, conducting regular monitoring, training employees and implementing Kaizen. With these recommendations, PT. Indonesian papertech can use these recommendations as a form of improvement in order to minimize the occurrence of sheet breaks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Property evaluation and optimization of recycled paper composition.
- Author
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Mishra, Paritosh, Negi, Prateek, Kanojia, Ravi, Prasad, Brijesh, and Singh, Prem
- Subjects
RECYCLED paper ,WASTE paper ,BOND strengths ,TENSILE strength ,ADHESIVES - Abstract
This work relates to the development of recycled paper from waste paper with the objective of optimization of the composition. The paper properties are much affected with composition like amount of waste paper, fresh paper, cotton shreds, adhesives and water. Samples were made by taking different composites and tests were performed to evaluate properties i.e. thickness, coefficient of friction, moisture content, scott bond strength, tensile strength. The testing concluded that the samples which were having cotton shreds and adhesives showed very good results closer to the fresh paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Cellulase production by Actinomycetes ID07–278 from grass and sugarcane bagasse for paper industry applications.
- Author
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Rachmayati, Rike, Rizkia, Firda, Agustriana, Eva, Nuryati, Yulianti, Siti Eka, Sutrisno, Aji, and Rahmani, Nanik
- Subjects
BAGASSE ,SUGARCANE ,CELLULASE ,PAPER industry ,ACTINOBACTERIA ,ENERGY industries ,INDUSTRIAL costs - Abstract
Cellulase enzymes in the refining process in paper making are known to reduce energy and grinding costs. The industry requires large amounts of cellulases related to the low activity of cellulases produced. The optimization process is known to increase the value of cellulase activity produced. In the process of cellulase production, carbon sources based on cellulose waste, such as grass and bagasse, can reduce production costs. The purpose of this study is to find out the optimum fermentation carbon source that produces the highest cellulase activity between grass and bagasse by actinomycetes ID07–287. It also aims to increase the value of cellulase activity by optimizing the concentration of selected carbon sources and the pH of the fermentation media. This research includes the preparation of grass biomass and bagasse, the production of cellulase enzymes for the selection of the optimum carbon source, and the optimization of the production of carbon source concentrations and the pH of the fermentation media. Based on the research results, it is known that grass is the best fermentation carbon source, with an activity value of 0.086 U/mL. The results of optimization of production, at a concentration of 2%, is the optimum concentration with an activity value of 0.099 U / mL and the pH of the fermentation media 9 produces an optimum activity value of 0.107 U/mL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Comparison of power generation from restaurant wastewater treatment in microbial fuel cell using carbon felt electrode with carbon paper electrode.
- Author
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Chowdary, K. R. Vineela and Ethiraj, Baranitharan
- Subjects
MICROBIAL fuel cells ,CARBON electrodes ,CARBON paper ,WASTEWATER treatment ,DEIONIZATION of water ,POWER density - Abstract
The major aim of this study is to compare the power generation of carbon felt electrode and carbon paper electrode operated Microbial fuel cells (MFC) using restaurant wastewater. Restaurant wastewater samples were collected from MFC with carbon felt electrode (N=13) and carbon paper electrode (N=13) operated for 10 days (G power 80%). Voltage was measured using a multimeter and current, power, power density was calculated from it for both groups. The Power generation was found to be high in MFC operated with carbon felt electrode (410 mW/m
2 ) due to its active surface area, strong conductivity, and good biocompatibility compared to carbon paper electrode (121 mW/m2 ). The independent sample T-test was done which showed that the power generation of MFC operated with carbon felt electrode (p<0.001) found to be significantly higher compared with MFC operated with carbon paper electrode. The study shows that carbon felt electrode operated MFC is able to achieve higher power generation compared to carbon paper electrode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Method for using natural silk fibers for producing valuable grade paper.
- Author
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Alimova, Khalimakhon, Bulanov, I. A., Umurzakova, Khalima, and Sobirov, Kuziboy
- Subjects
COTTON fibers ,PAPER pulp ,NANOFIBERS ,NATURAL fibers ,SPIDER silk ,RAW materials ,FIBERS - Abstract
The article examines the structure of silk fibers and ways of efficient use of fiber waste. Based on the analysis of the composition and structure of the fibers, it is possible to use them for paper production. The use of short staple fibers in the production of stock paper and the processes of preparing them for incorporation into paper pulp are widely covered. Information is provided on the technological process of cleaning fibers before adding them to paper pulp. The influence of the mass fraction of fibers in paper on its strength, breaking and tearing has been thoroughly analyzed and illustrated by means of graphs. For the production of high-quality paper, for example, valuable paper, for the preparation of paper used in printing, drawing, painting, etc. Fiber semi-finished products must be cut to the required length and separated into individual fibrils before crushing (grinding). The technology of preparation of natural silk waste as raw material for paper production is presented. In addition to silk fiber cotton fiber was also studied in the research work. Theoretically, the effect of fibers in tearing and breaking of paper is shown in the pictures. The use of fibers in the production of anti-counterfeiting paper and the process of adding them to the pulp are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Modified nanocellulose by trivalent cationic ions as an antimicrobial agent for paper-based food packaging.
- Author
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Wulansari, Anggraini, Kusumaningrum, Wida Banar, Zulfiana, Deni, and Masruchin, Nanang
- Subjects
FOOD packaging ,ANTI-infective agents ,CONTACT angle ,SURFACE charges ,RECYCLED paper ,CELLULOSE - Abstract
Paper-based food packaging serves to maintain product quality for a longer period. The addition of nanocellulose as a coating agent on paper can improve the quality of the recycled paper. Modification of nanocellulose with Al3+ can occur due to the interaction between Al3+ ions and the electrostatic negative surface charge of nanocellulose which can degrade microbial cells. Modification of nanocellulose was carried out by soaking it in AlCl3 solution then homogenized by an ultrasonic wave which was used for defibrillation of nanocellulose and encourage crosslinking of nanocellulose and Al3+ ions. The paper coating technique uses a deep coating by immersing the paper in modified nanocellulose suspension. The variations of AlCl3 concentration used were 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.15 N as much as 25 ml on 1 g dry base nanocellulose. The concentrations of nanocellulose used were 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 g in 25 ml of Al3+ solution. The results of paper water absorption and WVTR test showed that modified nanocellulose can reduce the absorption of water vapor and water absorption from the paper, so it has water resistance. Nanocellulose coated can increase the hydrophobicity of the paper based on contact angle test. Antimicrobial test on coating paper also showed antimicrobial activity on E.coli test bacteria and not on S. aureus bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Determination of bactericidal effect of piper betel leaf extract on bacteria by filter paper disc method to check antimicrobial efficacy.
- Author
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Mohammed Ali, S. P. and Pan, Ieshita
- Subjects
FILTER paper ,ETHANOL ,DISTILLED water ,BACTERIAL growth ,PATHOGENIC microorganisms ,EXTRACTS - Abstract
Effect of a natural compound extracted from Piper Betel leaf by determining bactericidal and or bacteriostatic effect to check antimicrobial efficacy on the pathogenic microorganisms. Bioactive compound extracted in different solvents i.e distilled water, ethanol, and methanol, and its effectivity was determined by measuring the zone of clearance (1 group and 96 samples per group by keeping threshold 0.05 and G power 80%, coincidence interval 95%, and enrollment ratio as 1) by agar diffusion method using kanamycin (30) as a control for the different time period (24 Hrs, 48Hrs and 72Hrs) at 37°C. Promising results were found for the zone of clearance in Escherichia.coli with a significance of about P<0.001 in the ethanol extract after 72 hours of incubation. Compared to 10% extract application where growth of S.aureus was reduced to 4%, addition of 100% crude inhibits bacterial growth up to 95% approximately. For S.aureus and E.coli though ethanol extract was found effective however no significant effect was observed for inhibiting Pseudomonas. Novel bioactive compound extracted from Piper Betel leaf was found effective against pathogens and can be used as a natural component with antimicrobial efficacy in the field of medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Future of sugarcane bagasse paper: A review.
- Author
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Azmi, Annur Azlin and Othman, Siti Amira
- Subjects
NON-timber forest products ,ENVIRONMENTAL degradation ,BAGASSE ,PAPER industry ,MAGNETIC materials ,WASTE products ,SUGARCANE ,FOOD packaging - Abstract
Generally, development in the pulp and paper industry requires extensive cutting of trees, which in effect contributes to deforestation. The dramatic growth in demand for wood supply, combined with the increasingly increasing cost of timber, has created a surge of interest in the use of non-wood plant fibres for paper production in widely developed countries. The use of waste material in pulping and paper-based industries could be beneficial as it helps prevent the need for disposal, which currently increases agricultural costs and causes environmental deterioration due to pollution and fires. The manufacture of sugarcane bagasse paper may help to minimize deforestation in the development of paper utilizing wood, which also contributes to the creation of biodegradable, biocompatible, and eco-friendly paper utilizing non-wood fibre. This would help the industry to develop sustainable technology in the current economy and environmental order. In the meantime, the magnetic material inside the paper acts as a filler can improves the quality and strength of the paper. While the incorporation of paper radiation will also improve the quality of pulp production, by preventing the presence of fungi on paper. This will be widely used on food wrapping or packaging that is clean is the most important aspect that should be taken to prevent food from being damaged. Biodegradable implies that it can be spontaneously broken down by microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi under some circumstances such as temperature, humidity and others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Performance and emission evaluation of mahua oil biodiesel blends in a common rail direct injection diesel engine.
- Author
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Chandrasekharan, Thiagarajan, Muthuswamy, Prabhahar, Jayapalan, Senthil, Balsing, Samuvel Michael, Sekar, Prakash, and Kuppuswami, Surendrababu
- Subjects
DIESEL motors ,PARTICULATE matter ,SOOT ,CARBON monoxide ,CARBON emissions ,FILTER paper ,POLLUTION - Abstract
Five fuels were tested in a common rail direct injection (CRDI) diesel engine to see how they affected soot particle distribution and the engine's controlled and unregulated emission characteristics (M15, M25, and M35). The findings demonstrated that regulated emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), and particulate matter (PM) could be efficiently controlled to a very low level when mahua oil biodiesel (MOB) in diesel was utilized in conjunction with ideal engine working situations. Paper filters were employed to remove diesel dust. Entire particulate matter main particles were < 100 nm in width, with the average diameter for the biodiesel mixes falling among 20 and 26 nm. PM particles had uncontrolled emissions including Pb, Mn, and Ba, while M100 had 56.72% fewer xylene emissions, 22.49% fewer toluene emissions, and 19.45% fewer benzene emissions compared to M0. As a result, MOB is a wonderful option for reducing pollution from diesel engines and other sources, both in the form of controlled and unregulated emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. The continuity of local built environment case in design of neo vernacular concept.
- Author
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Mutiari, Dhani and Permana, Alvian Bayu
- Subjects
BUILT environment ,VERNACULAR architecture ,ARCHITECTURAL style ,LOCAL culture ,PAPER products ,EXPERTISE - Abstract
Neo vernacular is a modern architectural style inspired by traditional vernacular buildings. The concept of neo vernacular architecture is a continuance of the Klaten people's ancient identity as part of Javanese culture, particularly in Central Java. One technique to construct architectural works founded in the local culture is to look for values rooted in Javanese culture. This paper is the product of a final project whose goal is to develop a sustainable architectural identity in Klaten based on local wisdom, which will be applied to the "nadir" transit hotel. This transit hotel should be able to accomplish the goal and objective of a successful Klaten city with devoted, intelligent, autonomous, and cultural citizens. The location, 53 meters south of Klaten Station, is one type of development of supporting facilities for the commuter line scheme. This is one of the KAI activities at Klaten Station that attempts to make it easier for visitors to obtain long-term support. Folk architecture gives rise to vernacular architecture, which evolves from it. It arose from and was entrenched in the ethnic community's traditions, and skilled craftsmen built it with years of expertise. The gunungan and Klaten limasan house concept is an alternative that is integrated with contemporary design to create a transit hotel with a character that may reflect the city of Klaten's identity as an independent and cultured district. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Study of pulp and paper making characteristic produces from sago fiber waste.
- Author
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Maurila, Talita Dara, Rahmayanti, Handika Dany, Ardiani, Septia, Hastuti, Novitri, and Indrawani, Dian Anggraini
- Abstract
This study is about the characterization of pulp and paper from sago fiber waste. The process has several stages: preparing a solution, sago fiber analysis, pulping process, and printing process. The required solutions are NaOH solution (technical), 10% BaCl2 solution, 0.1 N HCl solution, 60% ethanol solution, phenolphthalein indicator solution, 1% starch indicator solution, sindur methyl indicator solution of NaOH titration, borax solution, Na₂S solution (technical), and THIO solution (1 N; 0.1 N). The pulping process is carried out by inserting sago fiber and solutions into a rotary digester machine for 4 hours (170oC). Then, it is removed after 24 hours and dried by a spinner machine. Characterizations on the sample include: chemical and physical properties, mechanical properties, and optical properties. The result shows that sago fiber waste can be used as raw material for paper. The value of grammage of 62 g/m2, thickness of 0.1294 mm, water absorption capacity of 627.27 g/m2, water content of 9.83%, ash content of 26.26%, pH of 7.9, tensile strength of 14.22 MD and 13.33 CD, brightness of 19.8%, and opacity 22.78. The pore diameter of the paper is 4.608 nm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Water absorbency of oil palm empty fruit bunch paper.
- Author
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Susiani, Susiani, Suryadi, Gema S., Rahmayanti, Handika D., Oktavia, Evi, Ananto, Purnomo, and Sarono, Sarono
- Abstract
Paper-making raw materials are a mixture of pure wood pulp and recycled pulp. Recycled pulp is obtained from used paper imported from abroad, in addition to the development of paperless culture also has an impact on the reduced availability of raw materials. Empty bunch fiber of palm oil is one of the natural materials that have the potential to be used as an alternative to a pulp for the manufacture of cardboard paper because it has a high holocellulose content. This study has successfully developed cardboard paper developed from oil palm empty fruit bunch pulp with 6 variations of treatment, steam, no steam, NaOH 2.5%, NaOH 5% and mill duration (20 minutes and 30 minutes). The developed cardboard paper is then tested for its water absorbency. Water Absorbency value testing is done by the Cobb method (60). Based on the test results obtained the water absorption values is in the range of 500 - 600 g/m2. Cartons that received treatment, no steam, added NaOH 2.5%, and milled for 30 minutes, has the lowest water absorption value compared to others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Investigation of surface free energy of palm oil-based offset printing ink on coated paper.
- Author
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Suryadi, Gema Sukmawati, Nikmatin, Siti, Susiani, Susiani, and Setyaningsih, Dwi
- Abstract
The widely use of petroleum-derived mineral oils for the production of offset printing inks has resulted in several environmental impacts. The suitable approach to develop alternative resources is palm oil fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) as a substitute for petroleum-based solvent. This study aimed to investigate the surface properties of palm oil-based offset ink on gloss-coated paper surfaces in terms of printability. The "green" varnishes were prepared with palm oil FAME as solvent, rosin-modified phenolic resin, and different vegetable oils linseed oil (FAME-LO) and soybean oil (FAME-SO) have been used as drying oils. The FAME-based Cyan offset printing inks have been prepared their properties compared with standard conventional inks. Printing tests were carried out using the IGT-A2 printability tester. Contact angles of water, methanol, and hexane on the surface of printed ink were measured using Contact Angle Analyzer. The surface free energy (SFE) and its components were calculated using Girifalco-Good-Fowkes-Young, Owens-Wendt, and van Oss-Chaudhury-Good methods. The results showed that as the liquid contact angle increased, the surface energy decreased. The surface energy of FAME-SO ink printed samples 36.36 mJ/m2 was higher than the unprinted paper 35.84 mJ/m2. Since high surface energy will affect the bond strength of the ink to the substrate, this will be an advantage for multicolor prints requiring good ink adhesion, which will enlarge the acceptance of other colors to be printed on the previous color. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Review paper of two-phase flow boiling pressure drop in propane refrigeration system.
- Author
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Virgian, Edo Widi and Pamitran, Agus S.
- Abstract
This paper is about paper or journal review of two-phase flow boiling pressure drop in propane (R290) refrigeration system and summarized several researches that will useful in terms of HVAC-R equipment especially in heat exchanger i.e., evaporator design. Early researcher has been conducted research with respect to the channel dimension (diameter and aspect ratio) as in Coleman (2000). Recent research of flow boiling with combined parameters such as heat transfer coefficient (HTC) and pressure drop shown that some parameters affected pressure drop inside unconventional channel (mini and microchannel) such as superficial vapor velocity, mass quality, mass flux, heat flux, saturation temperature (and pressure), and Reynolds number where flow regime of the pressure drop are mostly annular flow, intermittent flow, slug and churn flow but less or few of them found a relation of channel dimension i.e. diameter and aspect ratio towards two-phase flow pressure drop (as in Coleman (2000)). It is recommended that for further study and research, study of two-phase flow boiling pressure drop must conduct in the unconventional channel such as minichannel or microchannel i.e., capillary tube and incorporate Reynolds number of the flow (both vapor and liquid), channel dimension (diameter and aspect ratio), surface tension, and shear stress influence from two-phase flow fluid and then plot the data to the recent and or existed flow pattern map of any flow regimes especially to the refrigerants ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Semantic citation for paper correlation using recurrent neural networks.
- Author
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Abdillah, Gunawan and Ilyas, Ridwan
- Subjects
RECURRENT neural networks ,NATURAL language processing - Abstract
Paper Correlation is the study of creating an automated machine to assess the relationship between two or more papers. This study continues to develop in the natural language processing field. In this paper, we begin to enter into this study by conducting research to find the relationship between two citation sentences. The citation sentences contained in the paper can be used as a basis for assessing the relationship between two papers. In this research, the semantic similarity between citation sentences is included in.8 semantic classes. We use the Recurrent Neural Networks method and its variations and use SMOTE to deal with imbalanced data. The data representation that we use is word2vec to convert the sentence into a vector. We develop this research by adding data to see the algorithm's capabilities from previous research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Analysis of the content of lead compounds (Pb) on typed paper as wrapping Sala Bulek on body health.
- Author
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Asman, Aulia, Barlian, Eri, Fatimah, Siti, Dewata, Indang, Hermon, Dedi, Razak, Abdul, Sari, Serly Mutia, Asman, Auzia, and Zamil, Ilham
- Subjects
LEAD ,LEAD compounds ,CONTENT analysis ,ENVIRONMENTAL engineering ,HUMAN body - Abstract
Lead is a heavy metal that can have a negative effect on human health. Lead enters the human body through the respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, and skin. Food can be contaminated with lead if the packaging is not proper, for example, salabulek wrapped in typed paper can enter the body. This study aims to prove the presence of lead content in salabulek sold at Pasar Kota Pariaman due to the use of typed paper as wrapping. This research method is descriptive and was conducted at the Water Laboratory, Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Andalas University. The number of samples was 24 samples consisting of 12 samples of salalauak wrapped in typed paper and 12 samples not wrapped in typed paper using total sampling technique. Sample examination using ICP (Inductively Coupled Plasma). The results showed that all salabulek sold by traders at Pasar Kota Pariaman were positive for lead, both wrapped in typed paper and unwrapped. The average lead content in packaged salalauak was 0.172 ppm and unwrapped salabulek was 0.167 ppm. Conclusion. All samples of salabulek contained lead metal and there was an increase in lead levels due to packaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Thermal and mechanical behavior of used food backing paper – Epoxy recycling materials.
- Author
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Issa, Tarik T., Dawood, Abdul Salam Tawfeeq, Naoum, Fatin Emad, Joseph, Ghenwa Gassan, Ali, Rania Hussien, Nadhir, Rania Duraid, Radam, Sarah Monieer, and Farooq, Mariam Wissam
- Subjects
EPOXY resins ,VALUES (Ethics) ,SURFACE roughness - Abstract
Used food paper in strips shape were mixed in a different weight percentage 1,2,3,4 respectively with epoxy resin. Discs of 10 cm diameter and 0.8 cm thickness were prepared in a hard shape. The thermal conductivity were tested for each combination showing that the maximum value of 0.989 w/m.°c signed at the combination (Epoxy 6 – Paper 4) Wt.%. And the mechanical properties representative by the hardness reflect the same behavior and recorded the maximum value of 80.21, meanwhile the surface roughness follow the other values in same manor with maximum value 0.50 µm. The increasing in used paper content showing that this increasing will lead clearly to improve the thermal and some mechanical properties of epoxy resin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Assessing the effect of size and content of shredded paper fiber on the properties of asphalt binder.
- Author
-
Al-Zerejawy, Hussein K. and Al-Humeidawi, Basim H.
- Subjects
ASPHALT ,ASPHALT pavements ,ROAD construction ,MANUFACTURING processes ,WASTE products ,FIBERS - Abstract
The construction of a new road has many environmental consequences, as it consumes a significant amount of materials and energy. Additionally, the price of crude oil, which is the primary source of the bituminous binder has climbed dramatically in recent years. These factors have caused a rise in the overall cost of asphalt pavement. An effective way to increase the asphalt mixture industry's long-term viability while also decreasing costs is to develop new materials and technologies that use recycled and environmentally friendly resources in the manufacturing process. The primary goal of employing waste materials as modifiers such as Shredded Paper Fibers "SPF" is to improve performance, save resources, protect the environment from pollution and study the influence of content and sizes on the properties of pure bitumen. The "SPF" was individually mixed with pure bitumen binder at a proportion of (0.25, 0.5, and 0.75) % from the weight of bitumen using two different sizes (14×6×1) mm and (7×3×1) mm. Several tests were conducted to assess the properties of the developed binder such as penetration, ductility, softening point, penetration index, and viscosity. The results showed that the modified asphalt binder has fewer values of penetration and ductility by 50 % and 51% respectively compared with pure bitumen for the smallest size of "SPF". The use of these modifiers leads to an increase in the penetration index to 0.47 and viscosity to 2.5 times when used smallest size and percent of 0.75%. The use of these modifiers leads to an increase in the penetration index to 0.47 and viscosity to 1.8 times when used smallest size and percent of 0.75%. The knowledge gap in this study suggests an alternative for cellulose fibber from waste recourse, however, the shredded paper is suggested as a stabilizer to asphalt used for Semi-Flexible Pavement "SFP", and where drain down is recognized obviously with neat asphalt. The results also demonstrated that enhanced asphalt binders might significantly alter the characteristics and performance of asphalt mixtures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Ethereum smart contract security: Design, risks and protection approaches.
- Author
-
Chen, J., Li, J., Ling, X., and Goh, W. W.
- Subjects
BLOCKCHAINS ,ACCOUNT books ,MARKET sentiment ,ELECTRONIC paper ,CONTRACTS - Abstract
A concept of the smart contract powered by Ethereum has raised the attention of investors in the crypto-currency market in the light of the distributed account book techniques in the Era of Blockchain 2.0. Based on the digitalization of the financial tools, smart contract adopts the smart validation and execution of the computation protocols extending the blockchain to the application level of use to reinforce the security and transparency of transaction deals. This paper aimed to investigate the principle, functions, ground mechanism of the smart contract, and protection approaches and evaluated the security issues existed in the investment process. Lastly, the paper summarized the Smart Contract design and development, loopholes, and protection approaches in the Smart Contract applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. A mathematical formulation and reduction of cutting stocks problems in paper-mill industries.
- Author
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Vaishali, Kumari and Pal, Ashok
- Subjects
CUTTING stock problem ,LITERATURE reviews ,PATTERNS (Mathematics) ,PAPER industry - Abstract
The "Trim loss issue" (TLP) perhaps uttermost intriguing issues with regards to structure of advancement research It targets to determine the best cutting example of several things of varying lengths from a load of regular size measurable to meet the clients' wants while reducing waste due to trim misfortune. The subsequent numerical pattern is exceptionally nonconvex in nature went with a few imperatives with additional limitations of paired factors. This evades the utilization of straight advancement techniques. In this review work we utilize synergetic differential advancement (SDE) for the arrangement of this sort of issues. Four theoretical yet significant instances of trim misfortune issue emerging are used in the paper industry the test. The exploratory outcomes contrasted and those of different procedures show the capability of the SDE to take care of the issue. This paper includes introduction which explains a complete terminologies related to cutting stock problem, in literature review section we discuss various mathematical model which already exist in literature, in next section we discuss about mathematical formulation to reduce wastage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Does watermelon rind waste (Citratus Lannatus) have the potential to be an environmentally friendly paper towel?
- Author
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Latif, Antinah, Ardiani, Septia, Rahmayanti, Handika Dany, and Situngkir, Yessy Yerta
- Subjects
PAPER towels ,TENSILE strength ,WATERMELONS ,CHEMICAL properties ,MANUFACTURING processes ,OPTICAL properties - Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the preparation and characterization of paper towels from watermelon rind waste. The paper towel manufacturing process had several stages: the drying process, pulping process, bleaching process, and printing process. There were five treatments, including paper towels use of NaOH 2.5 M with pulp recycling, paper towels use of 1 NaOH with pulp recycling, paper towels use of 1 NaOH, paper towels use of 1 NaOH with additives, and paper towels use of 1 NaOH with different drying time (110
o C for 60 minutes with ten days of the natural drying). Several characterizations have been employed, such as physical and mechanical properties and optical and chemical properties. The treatments of paper towels were tested, and the test results were compared with SNI 7891: 2017. From the FTIR test, it was observed that the functional groups formed from paper towels from watermelon rind waste. From the Microscope test, paper towels from watermelon skin should be added with materials with long fibers. Based on Physical and Mechanical Characterization, paper towels comply with the SNI. Based on optical characterization, it complies with the SNI for treatments 4 and 5. Chemical characterization is higher than standard. It can be concluded that the natural paper towels from watermelon rind waste comply with the standard of SNI ISO 7891:2017 about Basic Paper towels within the parameter of grammage and water absorption capacity, Tensile strength except for the parameter of tensile strength, pH extract, and fluorescence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Online source tracing of waste paper by smoke based on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy.
- Author
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Chen, Ziang, Zhai, Ruoyu, Cai, Yuyao, Ye, Yanpeng, Sun, Zhongmou, and Liu, Yuzhu
- Subjects
WASTE paper ,LASER-induced breakdown spectroscopy ,INCINERATION ,AIR pollution ,FISHER discriminant analysis ,SMOKE - Abstract
Paper is a widely used material and common recyclable household waste in waste disposal, which gets more attention nowadays for the misclassification of recyclable waste. In this work, an online source tracing system combined with machine learning algorithms to identify and classify the smoke of waste paper incineration based on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was established. Four types of waste paper, including tissue, corrugated paper, printing paper, and newspaper, were taken as examples. The smoke of four different waste papers was detected by LIBS and then further analyzed. The detected spectra with C, N, O, Mg, Al, and Ca could hardly be distinguished artificially. The random forest algorithm and the linear discriminant analysis were introduced to classify the smoke, and its accuracy reached 95.83%. The results indicate that source tracing of waste paper can be realized by identifying and classifying the smoke via the developed system. This could provide some reference for helping us to monitor the effectiveness of waste classification and incineration and monitor the atmosphere pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Recycling of waste paper and treatment of wastewater using organic filters - A review.
- Author
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Murugesan, Sandhiya, Ramasamy, Vetturayasudharsanan, Varatharajan, Ragavi, Ilanchelian, Subiksha, and Chandrasekar, Shivaranjith
- Subjects
WASTE treatment ,WASTEWATER treatment ,WATER purification ,RECYCLABLE material ,WASTE paper ,WASTE management ,PAPER recycling - Abstract
Paper is now an integral feature of humanoid existence in a multitude of ways, and it is getting more and more popular. In ordinary life, a massive portion of paper is consumed. The difficulty of finding feedstock is becoming ever more acute as paper consumption rises. This ultimately led to the extraction of resources. Since the demand for paper has skyrocketed, recycling paper has become much more popular. The accumulation of vast quantities of waste paper in any big organization, notably institutions of higher education such as schools and universities, seems to be fairly prevalent. It's also worthwhile to make optimum use of recyclable materials (office files, craft papers, registers, etc.). A recyclable machine will help minimise energy consumption and paper waste. The valuable feature of salvaging would be that it lessens the environmental impact by a couple of percent. The design and fabrication of both humanly and remotely controlled paper recycling programmes are studied using previous literature. producing a lightweight, easily handled composting machinery that can be deployed to ease the process and reduce the cost of paper production. Then the effluents would be treated employing various natural filters due to paper recycling. Hibiscus, gooseberry, and vetiver are being used to treat the contaminated water. All of these constituents operate together to clear the water of surplus particles. Waste water treatment is indeed a process of preventing impurities from effluent and transferring them to an effluent that may be recycled into the water cycle. The process of turning waste water into fresh water that can be dispersed directly into the ecosystem. The effluent holds a variety of natural substances, which may also degrade the overall quality of the water. As nothing more than a corollary, water treatment principally helps to clear debris and other pathogens. The level of trash, which is routinely emitted into the ether, is reduced in terms of treatment of wastewater, boosting the atmosphere's health. In this study, both paper reutilization and waste water treatment studies are carried out using various literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. The impact of paper sludge waste on physical & mechanical properties of cementitious materials.
- Author
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Vaičienė, Marija, Banevičienė, Vilma, and Malaiškienė, Jurgita
- Subjects
WASTE paper ,MECHANICAL behavior of materials ,ULTRASONIC testing ,PAPERMAKING ,LIME (Minerals) - Abstract
The global production of paper is on the rise, thus leading to increasing amounts of waste in different stages of paper manufacture. Paper sludge waste is the most abundant and there is a big potential to reuse it after appropriate processing. This research paper analyses paper sludge waste fired at 900°C temperature for 2 h in terms of mineral composition, particle density and water demand in cement-based mixtures, as well as the effect of paper sludge waste on the density, ultrasonic pulse velocity, compressive strength and mineral composition of cement-based specimens. In the cement paste mixtures 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10% of cement was replaced with paper sludge waste fired at 900°C temperature for 2 h. The ratio between water and solid substances was 0.35. Gehlenite and calcium oxide were found to prevail in the mineral composition of paper sludge waste, whereas water demand of cement-based mixture incorporating paper sludge waste increased 30%. The intensity of XRD curves revealed that a higher content (more than 7.5%) of paper sludge waste fired at 900°C temperature for 2 h in the mix increases the amount of portlandite and reduces the amounts of cement minerals: alite and belite. An empirical equation was drawn on the grounds of statistical analysis to calculate the compressive strength according paper sludge waste content fired at 900°C temperature for 2 h. The correlation and determination factors more than 0.9 demonstrate that the change of compressive strength in relation to paper sludge waste content can be described by the second degree polynomial equation and the optimum content of paper sludge waste fired at 900°C temperature for 2 h in the cement matrix is 5%. The highest density and ultrasonic pulse velocity values of cement stone specimens after 28 days of curing were obtained of specimens containing 5% paper sludge waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. The impact of paper sludge waste on physical & mechanical properties of cementitious materials.
- Author
-
Vaičienė, Marija, Banevičienė, Vilma, and Malaiškienė, Jurgita
- Subjects
WASTE paper ,MECHANICAL behavior of materials ,ULTRASONIC testing ,PAPERMAKING ,LIME (Minerals) - Abstract
The global production of paper is on the rise, thus leading to increasing amounts of waste in different stages of paper manufacture. Paper sludge waste is the most abundant and there is a big potential to reuse it after appropriate processing. This research paper analyses paper sludge waste fired at 900°C temperature for 2 h in terms of mineral composition, particle density and water demand in cement-based mixtures, as well as the effect of paper sludge waste on the density, ultrasonic pulse velocity, compressive strength and mineral composition of cement-based specimens. In the cement paste mixtures 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10% of cement was replaced with paper sludge waste fired at 900°C temperature for 2 h. The ratio between water and solid substances was 0.35. Gehlenite and calcium oxide were found to prevail in the mineral composition of paper sludge waste, whereas water demand of cement-based mixture incorporating paper sludge waste increased 30%. The intensity of XRD curves revealed that a higher content (more than 7.5%) of paper sludge waste fired at 900°C temperature for 2 h in the mix increases the amount of portlandite and reduces the amounts of cement minerals: alite and belite. An empirical equation was drawn on the grounds of statistical analysis to calculate the compressive strength according paper sludge waste content fired at 900°C temperature for 2 h. The correlation and determination factors more than 0.9 demonstrate that the change of compressive strength in relation to paper sludge waste content can be described by the second degree polynomial equation and the optimum content of paper sludge waste fired at 900°C temperature for 2 h in the cement matrix is 5%. The highest density and ultrasonic pulse velocity values of cement stone specimens after 28 days of curing were obtained of specimens containing 5% paper sludge waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Recontextualizing the apartment complexes with a unified smart RFID card.
- Author
-
Satapathy, Chirag, Binani, Sanskriti, and Singh, R. Raja
- Subjects
SMART cards ,APARTMENT complexes ,ELECTRIC vehicle charging stations ,ELECTRONIC paper ,IDENTIFICATION cards ,VENDING machines ,DEBIT cards - Abstract
In order to accommodate the country's growing population, the number of apartment complexes has increased dramatically. Most new apartment complexes include a variety of modern amenities such as a supermarket, a medical centre, EV charging stations, vending machines, and many more. To use these amenities, we normally need to have a credit or debit card, or even cash on hand. Also, there are numerous identity and government cards that a person must carry with them at all times. Keeping track of all these cards can prove to be quite tedious and time-consuming. Furthermore, the majority of these apartments feature the standard lock and key method of unlocking the doors of the residing occupants which adds to the load of carrying about house keys along with all of the other cards. Life would be so much easier if we could replace all of these numerous bank cards with just one. Using a single card to access all services, such as EV charging or purchasing items, and even as your home door key. With the tap and go feature, the user does not have to pay at the same time but can make a payment all at once when the statement arrives at the end of the month, saving both time and keeping track of all transactions with ease. Hence, we propose in this paper a smart card that uses RFID technology to access all of the many amenities in apartment complexes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Metaverse in tele-medical healthcare paper is for special session on future applications-metaverse.
- Author
-
Dewan, Charul, Kumar, T. Ganesh, and Gupta, Sunil
- Subjects
SHARED virtual environments ,DATA privacy ,DIGITAL health ,VIRTUAL reality ,HOSPITAL admission & discharge ,TELEMEDICINE ,DIGITAL technology - Abstract
The Tele care medicine information system (TMIS) enable patients to gain admission to healthcare services over long distances. Patients and physicians seek medical information over an unsecured public channel. On the one hand, storing medical information in servers facilitate medical diagnosis, thereby, optimizing the use of digital health assets while on the other hand data is susceptible to various attacks. Thus, it is necessary to ensure data privacy, integrity, and confidentiality in TMIS system. Multiple approaches have been suggested for this purpose to authenticate the medical data, but there is still a systemic gap that has to be filled. In this paper, we will show the future scope of tele-medical healthcare and that is metaverse. Metaverse is a combination of digital technologies like virtual reality, augmented and physical reality. It has a role in healthcare as metaverse technology will provide more accurate data within the virtual world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. The smart home automated control system development.
- Author
-
Zakozhurnikov, Sergei, Pikhtilkova, Olga, Pronina, Elena, and Raff, Oleg
- Subjects
SMART homes ,AUTOMATIC control systems ,HOUSING management ,ELECTRONIC paper ,ENERGY consumption - Abstract
The paper describes a smart home control system, which includes lighting, microclimate and security subsystems, as well as control algorithms for various operating scenarios. The process of the system operation is described in detail, the visualization of the system is presented in the form of a 3d model. The article shows the practical significance of the system, describes its functionality. The work is of undoubted relevance, since the introduction of a house management system can improve conditions of life and achieve high energy efficiency rates. The article presents in detail each element of the control system, namely: a control device, a control object, a set of sensors. On the example of the lighting subsystem, the process of creating the entire automated control system is described. An algorithm for automatic lighting operation is obtained and described. To control the system, a human-machine interface was developed in the OpenHab program. A panel with indicators of the light sensor is presented, its functionality is described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Removal of ammonia nitrogen and COD using waste paper sludge and cockle shell as an alternative composite adsorbent for the treatment of landfill leachate.
- Author
-
Izat, Yahaya, Zawawi, Daud, Baharudin, Ridzuan Mohd., Munirah, Mat Daud Azra, Wesam, Al Madhoun, and Arif, Rosli Mohd
- Abstract
The potential of Waste paper sludge (WPS) and cockle shell (CS) as an alternative composite absorbent has been investigated to obtain the optimum mixing ratio in removing two working parameters such as ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and COD. Both WPS and CS were mixed together in different ratio. The absorption batch study includes the preparation of 5g composite adsorbent, 200 mL of raw leachate sample at pH 8.64, with a shaking speed of 200 rpm for 300 minutes at room temperature. The result shows, the optimum ratio obtained for composite mixture absorbent is (1:7) and the concentration capacity achieved for the ratio was 502 mg/L and 540 mg/L for NH3-N and COD. The percentage optimum removal is 50.20% NH3-N and 81.25% COD respectively. The optimum pH and absorbent dosage expressed the result at pH 7 and 50 g with the percentage optimum removal value is 50.10% NH3-N and 88.89% COD; and 503 mg/L NH3-N and 320 mg/L COD; and 51.98% NH3-N and 89.51% COD; and 484 mg/L NH3-N and 302 mg/L COD, respectively during the experiment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. An investigation into the strength development of cement concrete blended with hypo sludge ash.
- Author
-
Ingale, Sujata and Nemade, Pravin
- Subjects
CONCRETE ,WASTE paper ,LIME (Minerals) ,CONCRETE mixing ,MAGNESIUM oxide ,CONCRETE additives ,CEMENT admixtures - Abstract
The study aims to produce concrete using various percentages of hypo-sludge ash (HAS) in place of cement. The waste paper sludge ash is composed of magnesium oxide and calcium oxide. Therefore, it can be tested as an innovative cement replacement, providing a solution for traditional concrete. For this study, the various proportions of ash used are 5%, 10%, and 15% by weight of cement. The mixed design carried out was as per the Indian standard code. The ingredients used for concrete making are cement, aggregates, hypo sludge ash (HSA), superplasticizer, and water. A test mix was carried out to check the behaviour of a concrete mix, and its physical and hardening properties were checked. Cube samples were cured for 3, 7, 14, and 28 days to check hardening properties. Experimental analysis shows that by replacing 5% cement with HSA, the strength results obtained are close to the reference concrete. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. The hydrophobicity characteristics of soda pulp of rice straw modified with water-soluble chitosan.
- Author
-
Yusron, Muhammad, Karimah, Azizatul, Nursyirwan, Muslimatul Rahmi Delfi, Jayanti, Mayang Aristika, Tuwalaid, Bagaskoro, Ardana, Ady, Sari, Fahriya Puspita, and Fatriasari, Widya
- Subjects
CHITOSAN ,RICE straw ,GROUP formation ,WHEAT straw ,PAPER pulp ,DELIGNIFICATION ,RICE ,FUNCTIONAL groups - Abstract
Rice straw can be an alternative material for producing great pulp and paper also can be produced by several variations of the pulping process. This study was conducted to prepare and evaluate the hydrophobic rice straw pulp soda using atmospheric hot soda (AHSP) and soda (SP) pulping methods and modified with water-soluble chitosan treatment. The pulps were modified with water-soluble chitosan treatment at 1% and 2%. The screen pulp yield, kappa number, and delignification selectivity were analyzed to evaluate the properties of the pulp, while hydrophobicity properties were evaluated by its water absorption capacity and wettability. The FTIR was used to investigate the possibility of a new functional group formation after modification. The screen pulp yield of AHSP (29.22%) was relatively higher than SP (21.94%). However, SP pulp has a lower kappa number with higher delignification selectivity than AHSP pulp. After pulp modification, the hydrophobicity of the modified pulp increases in line with the increasing concentration of water-soluble chitosan. The AHSP pulp with a 2% water-chitosan treatment has the highest hydrophobicity indicated by the lowest water absorption capacity at 60 minutes i.e 41.99%. Therefore, based on hydrophobicity analysis, AHSP and SP modified with a 2% water-soluble chitosan treatment have better hydrophobicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Turbo polar codes: A review paper.
- Author
-
Mohammed, Hadeel A. and Hamad, Ahmed A.
- Subjects
TURBO codes ,LINEAR codes ,ERROR-correcting codes ,WIRELESS communications ,SIGNAL-to-noise ratio - Abstract
Polar code is a class of linear error-correcting codes that may demonstrably achieve the capacity of discrete memoryless channels. In the last decade, they have piqued the interest of industry and academia, such as the 5G (5th generation) wireless communication system standardization process. Although polar codes are proven to achieve the Shannon limit, their performance degrades at finite-code lengths, particularly in low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) environments. So in a regime with finite _length, the performance of polar code may be improved by several techniques, such as Turbo Polar Codes (TPCs). Various Soft_in_Soft_out (SISO) decoder techniques, such as soft_cancellation (SCAN), belief_propagation (BP), and soft_successive_cancellation_list (SSCL) can be utilized in TPC. On the other hand, using a simple scaling factor scheme to minimize the overestimation of extrinsic information and its correlation with intrinsic information can further improve performance. Different termination techniques are proposed in the literature to reduce the required number of iterations, especially at high SNR. Error detection and correction systems are utilised to reduce energy consumption. This paper reviews some of the recent decoding techniques used in TPC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Genetic variation of Eucalyptus urophylla at seedling stage from provenances of East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia.
- Author
-
Nuroniah, H. S., Darwo, Yulianti, Lelana, N. E., Putri, K. P., Darmawan, U. W., Danu, Mindawati, N, Herdiyantara, B., and Kusuma, Y.
- Subjects
EUCALYPTUS ,GENETIC variation ,TREE breeding ,SEEDLINGS ,MATERIALS testing ,PAPER pulp - Abstract
Species producing raw material for pulp and paper that can be grown in the high altitude lands are still limited. One of the potential species for this area is Eucalyptus urophylla. Tree breeding strategy by a progeny test is performed to increase its productivity. The initial selection is implemented at the nursery level by assess the variation of family (mother trees' progeny) (F1). The research aimed to determine the F1 variation by the growth performance of 6 months old F1 seedlings. Samples consisted of progeny from 27 family originated from provenances of East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Indicators of growth performance and determination of rankings are assessed from the seedling's diameter, height, and robustness. The results showed that E. urophylla had high growth performance variation. Based on their growth performance, the best seedlings were from the family of A25, A27, A23, A19, A20 and A21. Genetic diversity among F1 categorized moderate, based on heritability of height (H
2 =0.37), diameter (H2 =0.45) and robustness (H2 =0.6). Coefficient of genetic variance (CGV) and coefficient of phenotypic variance (CPV) are more than 20%, and 27 mother trees are divided into 4 clusters. The existence of genetic diversity at the seedling level becomes the material for further testing in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Management smart building with photovoltaic using (ANN) to increase energy efficiency.
- Author
-
Jalal, Bareq Musaab and Al Rubayi, Rashid H.
- Subjects
ENERGY consumption ,BUILDING-integrated photovoltaic systems ,DIESEL electric power-plants ,ELECTRIC power ,INTELLIGENT buildings ,ENERGY management ,ELECTRIC power consumption ,ELECTRONIC paper - Abstract
the issue of rising electricity demand in the building sector is one of the major challenges. Therefore, the Building Management System (BMS) inside the building. Since the PV, national grid, and diesel generators supplies building electrical power, so the Energy Management System (EMS) technologies are necessary to study the priority of PV to supply building power to save energy. This paper proposes a Smart Building Management System (SBMS) used with Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) in addition lighting systems. HVAC is controlled with occupancy sensors, temperature control, and load control. Lighting systems are controlled through occupancy sensors and daylight sensors to make them operate to minimize electricity consumption. Using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) control of the EMS in this work, SBMS and EMS are created and simulated using two case studies to supply public buildings. The first situation is SBMS without EMS and the second situation is SBMS with EMS. Finally, the results showed the impact of SBMS on the reduction of energy consumption for HVAC systems and lighting (20% on summer day and 11% on winter day), as the energy consumption was reduced for both HVAC and lighting by about (54% on a summer day and 44% on a winter day) because we added the scenario of case two to the one scenario case in a public building. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Propose a new watermarking technique in digital video using facial landmarks.
- Author
-
Haytham, Sarah and Hassan, Nidaa Flaih
- Subjects
DIGITAL watermarking ,DIGITAL video ,SIGNAL-to-noise ratio ,ELECTRONIC paper - Abstract
The advancement of multimedia made Technology for digital Video Watermarking is becoming widely recognized as a crucial tool for copyright enforcement, thus it identifies the video content and discourages unauthorized users from accessing or using it. New watermarking algorithm is presented in this paper the digital video based on landmarks of faces, landmark of a face is localized of certain characteristic points on the face, which made these marks an optimal host. Embedding the secret message in video frames will be used the Least Significant Bit (LSB) technique which slightly changes in the video. confidentiality is improved by encrypting the watermark before embedding it in the video frames with the SALSA20 Stream, which increases the watermark's security and power, The results of the experiments show that the suggested algorithm achieves significant imperceptibility and excellent resistance to different attacks. Peak to Signal Noise Ratio (PSNR) is higher and of higher quality in the attached video. According to experimental findings, the suggested algorithm achieves great resilience to several forms of attacks. Four statistical measures are used to evaluate the proposed algorithm, they are: Uses Peak Signal Noise Ratio (PSNR), Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR),Mean Squared Error (MSE), and Normalized Cross-Correlation (NCC), and the results are satisfied. The suggested algorithm achieves great resilience to several forms of attacks, also an acceptable level of transparency is obtained present in the embedded version. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Ultrasonic propagation characteristics of partial discharge in oil-impregnated paper traction transformer.
- Author
-
Mu, Guowei, Dai, Quanmin, Chai, Shuying, and Yang, Peng
- Subjects
ULTRASONIC propagation ,PARTIAL discharges ,SOUND pressure ,ULTRASONIC waves ,HEAD waves ,ACOUSTIC emission ,ACOUSTIC field - Abstract
Partial Discharges (PDs) are a significant factor in reducing the insulation life of traction transformers. In recent years, the Acoustic Emission (AE) method has become the most advanced method for detecting PD signals in transformers. The AE method utilizes AE sensors placed on the transformer tank to detect ultrasonic signals emitted by PD and determine the Time Of Arrival (TOA) of the head wave. The windings and cores of a traction transformer consist mainly of metal, which greatly affects the propagation of PD ultrasonic waves. This paper establishes a 110 kV "pressure acoustic, transient" physical field model of the traction transformer with dimensions of 4.63 × 1.48 × 2.84 m
3 . The model is used to carry out the PD pressure acoustic physical field simulation study of the traction transformer, to clarify the physical characteristics of the ultrasound of the PD defects, and to establish observation points on the transformer tanks to receive ultrasonic time-domain waveforms for PD detection. The simulation results indicate that PD ultrasonic waves exhibit complex propagation characteristics, including reflection, refraction, and reverberation, as they pass through the windings and cores to the observation points. The TOA of the head wave in the ultrasound time-domain waveform is indicated by the first maximum value of the wave crest line. Finally, this paper proposes a multi-level localization method based on the AE method to determine which winding generates the PD in the large-scale traction transformer using only four dynamically moving observation points. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Determination of insecticide vector distribution on local production filter paper non-gradient.
- Author
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Meilyanawati, Debora, Sutresno, Adita, Shanti, Made Ray Suci, Setiawan, Andreas, and Setiyaningsih, Riyani
- Subjects
FILTER paper ,INSECTICIDE application ,INSECTICIDE-treated mosquito nets ,INSECTICIDE resistance ,INSECTICIDES ,CYHALOTHRIN ,PAPER products ,DATA quality - Abstract
The application of insecticides on local product filter paper can be made in three ways: droplet use pipette, manual spray, and printing spray. Insecticides play an essential role in a paper, mainly used for testing susceptibility. The way the insecticide is applied affects the distribution on the paper surface. The purpose of calculating the distribution of insecticides on local filter paper is to determine the amount of insecticide in the cavity volume of ordinary paper. The research aims to get the data quality of impregnated paper local production with various spray techniques. To determine the volume of voids on paper and determine the distribution of insecticides can be using ImageJ software. The type of paper used is locally produced filter paper with insecticide lambda cyhalothrin with a predetermined concentration. The study results showed that with the spray machine method, the distribution of insecticides was more evenly distributed than the standard spray method. The range of paper cavity volumes with a spray machine is shorter than the volume range of paper cavities sprayed manually (0.005113), while those with ordinary sprays are (0.007349). These differences indicate that the spray machine is better than the manual spray method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Effect of binary blending of waste paper sludge ash and granite dust in fine grained soil stabilization.
- Author
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Hamzah, Khudhur Jaber and Jafer, Hassnen M.
- Subjects
WASTE paper ,SOIL stabilization ,WASTE products ,GRANITE ,DUST - Abstract
This study aims, through experimental works, to develop a new and sustainable binder by reusing two waste materials, namely waste paper slag ash (WPSA) and granite dust (GD) to stabilize fine-grained soil and reduce the environmental impacts resulting from improper disposal in addition to reducing the use of cement and lime in soil stabilization. The soil utilized in this research was obtained from a site near 80th Street in Babylon Provence. The experimental works included sieve and hydrometer analysis, consistency limits, compaction test, and unconfined compression strength test at 3, 7, and 28 days of curing. Various binary blended binders derived from mixing of WPSA and GD at different proportions; 10:0, 7.5:2.5, 5:5, 2.5:7.5, and 0:10 were utilized. These binary blended binders were mixed with the virgin soil at 10% in the samples testing procedure. The results showed that the use of the mixture containing GD alone resulted in a reduction in the LL, PL, and PI, and when increase the percentage of WPSA in the mixture, LL and PL were increased while PI decreased. Moreover, the maximum dry density of the treated soil increased with the use of GD, however, it decreased significantly after the employing WPSA in the binder used. As per the outcomes of the compressive strength test, it was shown that the use of the mixture WPG0 that contains (100% WPSA) gave the highest compressive strength, which is equivalent to 14 times of that for the virgin soil after 28 days of curing. The strength then dropped with increasing the percentage of granite dust in the mixture. However, mixtures contained both of WPSA and GD exhibited acceptable compressive strength throughout the time of curing as the results indicated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Investigation on the potential use of waste paper to produce papercrete bricks.
- Author
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Niyomukiza, John Bosco, Odeke, Bernard Joseph, Owori, David, Tiboti, Paul, Kiwanuka, Moses, and Mbujje, Joel Webster
- Subjects
WASTE paper ,BRICKS ,CONSTRUCTION materials ,LOAD-bearing walls ,BUILDING materials industry ,COMPRESSIVE strength - Abstract
A significant demand has been placed on the building material industry, especially in the last decade due to the increasing population, which causes a chronic shortage of building materials. The current study aims at utilizing waste paper to produce papercrete bricks and study their engineering properties, a step towards sustainable development. Papercrete is rapidly gaining popularity in the building construction industry worldwide because of its environmental friendliness, low-cost and lightweight. The study considered literature and related ideas up to conceptualization and design of the trial ratio used in testing. Trial mixes of paper sludge, sand, and cement at different proportions made papercrete bricks of dimensions 220×110×102 mm. The tests conducted included compressive strength and water absorption. The mixes of paper sludge, sand, and cement in the ratio of 50, 35, and 15%, respectively, gave the best results. The compressive strength increased with the increase in the curing period. The rate at which the papercrete bricks absorbed water reduced as the curing period increased for all the papercrete trial mixes. It was concluded that percentages of paper sludge less than 50% are recommended for non-load bearing walls such as parapet walls and partition walls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. The effect of electric field on the pyrolysis of transformer insulation oil–paper based on molecular dynamics.
- Author
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Zhang, Xiaoxing, Cai, Fujin, Jin, Shuo, Lin, Hui, Fang, Rui, and Wu, Yunjian
- Subjects
TRANSFORMER insulation ,ELECTRIC field effects ,MOLECULAR dynamics ,INSULATING oils ,ELECTRIC fields - Abstract
The regular operation of transformers is significantly impacted by the insulation effectiveness of the transformer insulation oil–paper. In order to explore the mechanism of the influence of an electric field on the thermal decomposition performance of insulating oil–paper, this paper simulated the process of electrothermal coupling decomposition of insulating oil–paper from the micro-level based on molecular dynamics. It was determined that the insulating oil is made up of three 16-carbon hydrocarbon molecules, while the insulating paper is made up of 30 fibrous disaccharide molecules. Using the molecular dynamics simulation approach, the pyrolysis of the insulating oil and insulating paper under various electric field strengths was simulated, and the lysis of reactants and the distribution of products were statistically examined. This paper also studied how the electric field affected the microscopic process of the insulating oil–paper pyrolysis. The findings demonstrate that under the influence of electrothermal coupling, the big molecules of the insulating oil and insulating paper are pyrolyzed to produce a variety of tiny molecules. For the insulating oil, it is easily subject to electron displacement polarization under the influence of an external electric field since it contains non-polar molecules, especially impacted by an electric field of 100 V/m. For the insulating paper, its polar nature, on the other hand, makes itself a good candidate for guiding polarization when exposed to an external electric field. So, the greater the electric field strength is, the greater the impact on the thermal decomposition of the insulating paper is. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. The impact of information technology on fake news.
- Author
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Karnyoto, Andrea Stevens, Sun, Chengjie, Liu, Bingquan, Wang, Xiaolong, and Masiku, Hendrianto
- Subjects
INFORMATION technology ,FAKE news ,SOCIAL media ,DEEP learning ,COACHING psychology ,REINFORCEMENT learning ,TOILET paper - Abstract
Fake news is false or misleading information presented as news. False stories tend to spread farther, faster, and more broadly than true stories. Some individuals and organizations intentionally applied misleading information for certain benefits. The internet goes quickly, mobile devices became popular, and social media users grow more significant in number, make no boundaries world and connect every user. As a result, information circulates in immense numbers makes to handle fake news manually is impossible. Fake news also affects human psychology. Hoax related to how to cure COVID-19 and the lack of toilet paper has led to casualties and riots. Fake news potentially differs in writing technique compare to real information. In this paper, we discussed a few studies related to fake news detection. Their algorithm can capture writing style in content viz lexicon, syntax, semantic, and discourse. Also, those studies implemented user-based, content-based, and social context-based. It used machine learning, deep learning, and reinforcement learning. Furthermore, education plays a vital role in making people understand the impact of fake news. Itis necessary to do a campaign for all internet users. The national government necessity collaborates with society implement the particular rule for better internet environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. The effect of spent coffee grounds in increasing the calorific value of waste paper briquettes.
- Author
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Kamal, Dianta Mustofa, Susanto, Iwan, Zainuri, Fuad, Nufus, Tatun H., and Maulidya, Galuh Ineza
- Subjects
BRIQUETS ,WASTE paper ,COFFEE grounds ,WOOD waste ,CHARCOAL - Abstract
Briquettes produced from scrap paper are known for their low calorific value. The calorific value of briquettes from waste paper is in the fourth rank after waste wood, charcoal, and sawdust. Therefore, the correct ratio of composition mixture to create a higher calorific value is required. Spent Coffee Ground (SCG) has been selected as an added material in the composition of biomass mixture since SCG has a high calorific value and is easily found. The purpose of the study is to find the correct ratio that may increase the calorific value of the bio-briquettes made of scrap paper, based on comparative testing and analysis. There are four composition mixture samples used in the study. The first composition mixture is 90% of scrap paper and 10% adhesive; the second one is 70% of scrap paper, 20% of SCG, and 10% adhesive; the third composition mixture is 50% of scrap paper, 40% of SCG, 10% of adhesive; and the fourth composition mixture includes 30% of scrap paper, 60% of SCG and 10% of adhesive. The study shows that the greater ratio of SCG used in the composition will result in a higher calorific value. The research concludes that briquettes achieve their best performances in the composition mixture of 40% of SCG. In the proposed ratio, briquettes are not brittle and produce 5.366 kcal/kg of calorific value; 6.58% of water content; 5.37% of ash content; 28.28% of volatile matter; and 8.91% of shatter index. Therefore, the studied composition can be considered to produce the most efficient biomass briquettes made from scrap paper [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Possibility of removing residual optical brightening agents in paper-based cultural artefacts contaminated with offset OBAs.
- Author
-
Huang, Hsiao-Ju, Li, I.-Cheng, Huang, Bo-Wun, and Wu, Han-Chung
- Subjects
OPTICAL brighteners ,WATER damage ,COMMUNITIES ,POSSIBILITY ,CORAL bleaching ,HYDROGEN peroxide ,DAYLIGHT ,CARBON offsetting - Abstract
This study explores the possibility of removing residual optical brighteners in paper, caused by the migration of OBAs from commercially available papers through water during an instance of water damage. From the standpoint of conservation treatment, this OBA removal experiment was conducted in the hope of providing a treatment method for the removal of OBAs as a reference point for the conservation community. This study presents an example case of removing offset OBAs, and the results of the removal experiment are discussed in order to explore the feasibility of the proposed treatment method. The results demonstrated that the removal of offset OBAs using a compatible conservation treatment is feasible. A combination of daylight bleaching with alkaline water and aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution is recommended, and the time of exposure to sunlight should be shortened as much as possible if performed on a bright, sunny day. However, performing such treatment on the actual cultural artefact will require careful assessment with regards to necessity and safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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