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The article reports that four men gathered information in the U.S. for 15 years so that Doctor Alfred C. Kinsey and his assistants at the Institute for Sex Research of Indiana University may have enough data for the book "Sexual Behavior in the Human Female." The men have a secret code that they use to write down their notes. They also avoided travelling together in case an accident removes their secret. The publisher W.B. Saunders Co. of Philadelphia guaranteed 250,000 copies of the book in the first printing.

Examines the consequences of a population explosion. Citation of the negative aspects of breeding several children without the means to provide for their social of educational development; Observation of the changing trend favoring family restriction; Concern over the lowering of the death rate since the 1880's; Importance of collecting statistics to determine the actual balance between human production and mortality to asses the direction of the human population; Impact of medicine on the death rates of children and adults; Recommendation for the human race to adopt a behavior suitable to survival of the race.

The article offers information on several scientific papers presented at a recently held meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) in Boston, Massachusetts. Dependence of biology on physics was discussed by several naturalists including Richard S. Bear, Ernest C. Pollard and Barbara W. Low. All living creatures including human beings are affected by the laws that govern matter and the study of matter comes under physics.

The article presents TIME magazine's "Men of the Year 1960." They include Linus Paulilng, Edward Teller, Joshua Lederberg, Donald Glaser, Robert Woodward, Charles Stark Draper, Emilio Segre, John Enders, Charles Townes, and James Van Allen.

Reflects on prematurity and uniqueness in scientific discovery. Cases of prematurity in the history of biology; Reasons for the prevalence of the proposition that artistic creations are unique and scientific creations are not among scientists; Relevance of structuralist philosophy to the issues.

This article discusses the development of a computer technique to cultivate the possibilities of a new discipline called chemical paleogenetics as well as analyze the relations among protein sequences. The phylogenetic tree shows the source of present-day organisms on the basis of a computer analysis of homologous proteins of cytochrome c.

Focuses on the biological chemistry of copper. Investigation into the qualities of copper as a biological agent; Questions raised about a copper-containing-protein in animals called hemocyanin; Observations on the function of copper in higher animals.

The article focuses on the use of computers to consider large numbers of characteristics in classifying many phenomena like living organisms, fossil organisms and even imaginary organisms. Computer programs has led to a renewed interest in the principles of classification. Methods of numerical taxonomy is being applied in the field of taxonomy or biological classification.

The article discusses the life cycle of a frog and the hormonal mechanism and chemical changes associated with the transformation of a tadpole into a frog. The frog begins its life as a swimming organism that breaths by means of gills and feeds on water plants. The first sign of change appears when the buds near the end of the animal's trunk start to develop into limbs or the jumping legs of the animal.

The article discusses the chemistry of cell membranes. Cell membranes are vital components of cells, and they form a complex structure of folds within the cell. The walls of the living cell are made up partially of fatty substances termed phospholipids. It seems that some of these substances play an active part in the transportation of other substances across the walls.

The article discusses the functions of thymus glands in the human body. Thymus glands are the primary source of lymphocytes in mammals. When lymphocytes are released into the body circulation, they settle in organs like the spleen or the lymph node. The cells from the thymus provide boost to the cells responsible for immunological functions of the body. Thymus glands also produce antibodies that help animals drive bacteria and viruses.

The article discusses the issue on the fundamental particle of life, the cell. The anatomical and chemical views of the cell have come together to establish that cell is not just a mere droplet of living substance but it is an extremely organized factory of molecules. The characteristic of the functional anatomy of the living cell should start with the idea that there is no such thing as a typical cell. For numerous types of cells, they are all consist those vital part of a cell.

The article presents the experiment on how to make impressions of biological specimens in plastic by George and Anna Higley of Snoqualmie, Washington. They make transparent impressions of small plants and animals in clear plastics, whom amateur naturalists find it as a new field of activity to work with. According to the author, the impressions are simple and less costly and can be enlarged into fine details by an ordinary slide projector.

The article studies the buoyancy of marine animals, particularly the common deep-sea squids or the Cranchidae. There is no limit on the function of the buoyancy organ of the Cranchidae. Their method of achieving buoyancy is virtually unaffected by external water pressure. Compared to fishes, squids need not alter the quantity of its coelomic fluid as it changes depth.

The article focuses on the biology of heavy water and on growing experimental organisms in water with deuterium isotopes. Organisms may be compelled to utilize essential foodstuffs containing deuterium instead of deuterating the whole organism. Hydrogen and other important elements may be replaced in living matter by their rare nonradioactive isotopes.

The article discusses the relationship between light and all living things on Earth. Plants need light to supply energy and complete the process of photosynthesis. The spectrum of sunlight at the earth's surface are effective in the photobiological process. It is also asserted that the process of photosynthesis relatively changed the character of the earth's atmosphere and furnished the essential conditions for the efflorescence and evolution of life.

The article reports on the understanding of life processes through the study conducted in the U.S. which involves the transitory combination of the enzyme and the substance upon which it acts. Enzymes are catalysts, although not all, which are substances that accelerate reactions without themselves being chemically changed. They have the capacity to reduce activation energies and they permit reactions to take place at lower temperatures.

The article examines the role of pressure in the physical and chemical processes of life. Pressure centrifuge can be used to measure the effects of various pressures on the plasmagel system. Cell division and amoeboid movements are examples of the biological processes which have been examined by means of high pressure.

The article discusses various unusual ways of sperm transfer. A basic requirement of animal reproduction is the union of the egg and the spermatozoon. However, in some group of animals the sequence of events does not conform to the normal pattern. Examples of these animals are sponges, spiders, leeches and bedbugs, which effect the union of the egg and the sperm by less direct means. Some animals use cells other than the germ cells to convey sperm to eggs, while others submit the spermatozoa to apparently unnecessary hazards.

The article investigates the growth and development of mushrooms. Mushrooms are popular in cookery especially as garnish for steaks. According to the author, literature dealing with mushroom growth is very limited. An author's encounter with mushroom buds in the pavement in Woods Hole, Massachusetts one summer triggers the author's interest to conduct the study.

The article features the Yerkes Laboratories of Primate Biology, a scientific establishment which is used to house various kinds of monkeys in the U.S. Most of the inhabitants were born on the premises, and from birth have been reared and observed with elaborate care. There is a nursery for the youngsters, a maternity ward for expectant mothers, a small hospital for the sick, and a collection of spick-and-span apartments.

The article focuses on a study conducted by Cambridge scientists James D. Watson and Francis Crick according to which deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the master molecule of life. It explains the double-helical shape of DNA. It states that the famed spiral-staircase structure of DNA is hidden the mysteries of heredity, the growth of disease and aging in higher creatures like man, perhaps intelligence and memory.

The article briefly examines the scientific basis of the expected developments, their probable nature and the responsibility they present to both scientists and the public. What has happened in biology in the last two decades is not a revolution but a scientific fulfillment. Modern biology started about 100 years ago with the foundation of researcher Charles Darwin's theory of evolution, which ties together all living organisms into a single historical process of parenthood. The achievement of the last decades is the understanding of the nature, function and changes of the organic substrate of evolution, the genetic material, human responds and what kind of descendants it will in turn produce.

The article presents information on various publications. From John P. Kennedy, State Librarian of Virginia, there is a bulky Calendar of Transcripts, including the Annual Report of the Department at Archives and History. The preparation of a manual of theoretical biology for the general scientific public is really a far more difficult enterprise than in days of Herbert Spencer's "Principles of Biology," when protoplasm could be regarded as simple homogeneous fluid. The latest issue of the Harvard University Bibliographical Contributions deserves wide advertisement and circulation.

Discusses the concept of biological evolution. Information on the difference of opinion among several biologists regarding factors and causes of origin; Comments on naturalist Charles Darwin's theory of evolution; Comment on the theory that human evolution originated from Matilda and chimpanzees; Results of the study of anthropoids; Opposition of the theory of evolution by anti-evolutionists and religious groups; Statement that altruism is a factor in human life which can be developed and increased by a right direction of social evolution.

Students of civilization whose social studies have begun with biology as a point of departure have lately elaborated with an alluring richness of detail the theory of the burden of civilization. It is suggested that among civilized peoples each succeeding generation elaborates the social environment, increases the number of demands made upon the members of society, and complicates generally the problem of living and working. Sir Francis Galton put this theory briefly when he said several years ago: "Our race is overweighed. It will degenerate under circumstances which make demands that exceed its powers."

The article reports on the move of the American Institute of Biological Sciences to conduct a meeting at the University of Colorado in Boulder to revise the high school biology curriculum. It mentions that the educators wanted for the first-year biology student to absorb more strange new term than he does in any foreign language course. It states that the Colorado group had decided to work on the three central ideas of biology.

The article presents information about the book "The Doctrine of Evolution: Its Data, Its Principles, Its Speculations and Its Theistic Bearings," by Alexander Winchell. Among the numerous persons who have of late examined the doctrine of evolution is Alexander Winchell, of the University of Syracuse and late the chancellor or presiding officer of that institution. He was better prepared than most who have attacked the doctrine, by previous preparation in practical biology, having labored in descriptive geology and palmuntology with tolerable success and having also some knowledge of zoology and botany.

Focuses on the concept of finalism or teleology in evolution. Comments on the Darwinian theory of natural selection which can explain all the facts of adaptation and progressive evolution; Reports on chance variation thrown up by mutation and hereditary recombination; Information about the production of all kinds of new recombinations of genes; Concept of Darwinism of today which is based on the theory of natural selection.

The article discusses the ethical concerns related to research in genetics. It states that manipulation of nature through man's activities and scientific research is resulting in pollution and population increase. It states that techniques like amniocentesis, genetic engineering, and human cloning present ethical concerns. It includes views of several notable people on ethics of genetic research, including biologist Joshua Lederberg and embryologist Robert T. Francoeur.

The article discusses recent research on working of human brain. It states that research is being done to understand molecular biology of brain functions like memory through surgery, genetic engineering, and electric stimulation. It states that the research would enable scientists to analyze the possibilities of making changes in human mind. Physicist Gerald Feinberg says brain only differs from inanimate matter by self-awareness and higher complexity.

Presents developments on issues related to biology in the U.S. Details on the science of animal behavior; Efforts of the researchers to rediscover the works of Austrian monk Gregor Johann Mendel; Awareness on the physical basis of heredity; Determination on the direction of tendon-fibers and bone struts; Analysis of the chemical messengers discharged into the blood; Capacity of the newt's egg to induce the supernumerary embryo; Characterization of the chromosomes.

Profiles the zoologist Elie Metchnikoff, who first revealed the important features of biological immunity. Role of white corpuscles or leucocytes in protecting the body from disease; Reproduction of syphilis in chimpanzee; Belief that science can change maladjustments in the bodily organization; Biology as a way of thinking.