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A highly efficient, novel, two‐phase liquid method using phase transfer catalyst is reported to prepare β‐lactam‐conjugated silver nanoparticles as an approach to improve antibacterial activity of β‐lactams. In the method assisted by cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, NaBH4 reduced AgNO3 producing silver NPs that are coated with β‐lactams. The studies conducted provide a generalized method applicable to all types of β‐lactam substrates for capping on silver NPs. The NPs have been characterized by UV–Visible, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, x‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document provides information on the synthesis and characterization of novel β-lactam compounds. The authors conducted studies using different starting materials and reaction conditions, and the results are summarized in tables and schemes. The document also includes detailed experimental procedures and characterization data for the synthesized compounds, such as physical properties and spectroscopic data. The information presented can be useful for researchers studying β-lactam compounds and their properties. The authors acknowledge their affiliations and declare no conflicts of interest. Additional characterization spectra can be found in a separate publication. [Extracted from the article]

This paper demonstrates the use of laser technology in environment scanning for performing indoor positioning and mapping. A 360-degree LiDAR forms the core of the project and the input device used for understanding its surrounding. Hector SLAM and ROS are the two technologies implemented in this project. Hector SLAM where SLAM stands for Simultaneous Mapping and Positioning, is the algorithm used to map the environment and improve navigation accuracy. The aim of this project is to allow an autonomous mobile robot to understand an unknown environment and map its surroundings to perform further tasks using the created map. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel, facile, highly efficient and stereoselective protocol for the synthesis of cis-3-allyl-3-phenylsulfinyl-β-lactams and 3-allylidene-β-lactams from cis-3-allyl-3-phenylthio-β-lactams using Selectfluor both as an oxidizing agent and as an eliminating agent with temperature as a control parameter over the reaction outcome has been reported. The methodology is able to conquer the earlier reported shortcomings of long reaction time (24–90 hrs.) and lack of control over product ratio. The synthesized compounds will serve as important synthons for compounds of enhanced biological activity and potency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study based on a broad framework with input, throughput, output and feedback first presented by Ludwing Von Bertalanffy. The investigation utilised an evaluative approach. Samples of 50 staff nurses were collected using random sampling by lottery. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection. The overall pre-test knowledge mean score was 14.14±1.629. After administration of the self-instructional module, the post-test mean score increased to 20.56±4.362. The hypothesis H1 expressed that there will be a considerable distinction between pre-test and post-test information scores of nursing officers regarding urinary tract infection. The 't' test was discovered to be more prominent than the table worth. Acquired worth was (10.353), and table worth was (2.045). It showed the effectiveness of the SIM. The study was no significant relationship with demographic variables because the chi-square value was less than the table value. Thus, the H2 has been dismissed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypertension is one of the serious medical condition that has risk factor for developing cardiovascular diseases. Around 33% of individuals having hypertension are undiagnosed and those who are diagnosed are not taking proper treatment. One of the significant reason for hypertension is premature death. In this review, we focused on modern directions of hypertension management with an attention on screening, diagnosis and drug selection. In urban areas of India hypertension incidence is estimated upto 20 to 40% and in rural area it is upto 12 to 17%. Hypertension shows no symptoms and during routine check-ups we can diagnose it. For management of hypertension the guidelines were developed by ministry of health. Various threats were identified regarding management of hypertension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drilling muds with less environmental impact are highly desired over conventional diesel-based mud systems, especially in light of the emerging strict environmental laws. In this article, a novel oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion drilling fluid formulated with a methyl ester extracted from Indian mango seed oil was evaluated. The effect of the weight percent of different constituents of the emulsion/suspension including the oil phase, bentonite, and polyanionic cellulose polymer on the rheology and the fluid loss was examined. The methyl ester oil phase/mud system displayed superior physical, chemical, rheological and filtration properties relative to the diesel and the mango seed oil. Eco-toxicity of the methyl ester and diesel (O/W) emulsion mud systems was assessed using the acute lethal concentration test. The Indian mango methyl ester (O/W) emulsion mud displayed much less impact on fish population. Flow characteristics collected from the flow model at 85 °C suggested excellent shear thinning behavior of the Indian mango methyl ester (IMME) (O/W) emulsion mud. Moreover, the IMME (O/W) emulsion displayed strong pseudoplastic behavior, an attractive feature in a drilling mud, with increasing clay content and polymer concentration. The methyl ester mud was thermally stable over a wide range of the constituent concentrations. Furthermore, a particle size analysis revealed that engineered drilling muds targeting suspension of particles with certain size range can be formulated by changing the volume fraction of the methyl ester in the mud system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medicinal chemistry of heterocycles especially β-lactams have been an important discovery in today’s mankind. β-Lactam nucleus is structural feature and core of the biological activity of one of most successful classes of therapeutics to date characterized by a broad spectrum of activity and low toxicity. It constitutes classes of drugs that includes the antibiotics like penicillins, cephalosporins, clavulanic acid, monobactams and also shows wide range of important biological activities such as anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and anti-malarial. The monocyclic β-lactams and their hetero-substituted conjugates are also applied for the synthesis of many classes of compounds which include taxol derivatives, alkaloids and amino acids. Antimicrobial resistance is one of the major and growing concerns in hospital and community acquired infections and new anti-microbial agents are therefore urgently required. So now, the organic chemists have focussed on the modification of existing molecules for the synthesis of new compounds having diverse pharmacological activities with broad spectrum activity. Monocyclic β-lactams are stable to hydrolysis by β-lactamases in comparison to other β-lactams and thus are attractive platform for searching anti-bacterial agents. The discovery of differently substituted 3-alkyl/aryl β-lactams having significant anti-microbial activities have given insight that substitution at C-3 and C-4 of β-lactam ring affects the biological activity of the ring. So, keeping this in mind and synthetic utility of β-lactams here we have made an attempt towards the feasibility and efficiency of 3-(p-substituted-phenylthio)-β-lactams towards Lewis acid functionalization reactions. In our previous works, we have explored the synthetic utility of cis-3-chloro-3-phenyl/benzyl/methylthio-β-lactams as suitable substrate for the Lewis acid catalysed nucleophilic substitution. The current work is designed to explore the effect of electronic changes at phenylthio group at C-3 on the products profile in the Lewis acid catalysed nucleophilic substitution reactions. The synthetic utility 3-(4′-substitutedphenylthio)-azetidin-2-ones towards Lewis acid catalyzed C-3 functionalization reactions have been studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An operationally simple, highly efficient and stereoselective method for oxidation of trans‐3‐phenylthio‐β‐lactams to trans‐3‐phenylsulfinyl‐β‐lactams is reported. High selectivity and yields were obtained under mild conditions. The probable mechanistic scheme for the formation of oxidized product is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]