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Fine-grained vehicle type recognition using on-road cameras is among interesting topics in machine vision. It has several challenges like inter-class similarity, different viewing angles, and different lighting and weather conditions. This paper presents a novel approach for vehicle classification based on a novel augmentation method and deep learning. In the proposed smart augmentation, the vehicle images of each class are registered on the reference vehicles of all other classes and then added to the training set of that class. In this way, we will have a lot of new images which are very similar to both reference and target classes. This helps the CNN model to handle inter-class similarities very well. In the test phase, the input image is registered on every reference image in parallel and applied to the model. Finally, the winner is determined by summing up the provided scores of all models. The targeted data augmentation along with the proposed classification strategy has high recognition power and is capable of providing high accuracy using small CNNs or any other classification method without the need for large datasets. The proposed method achieved a recognition rate of 99.8% with only 150K parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Propagating micro-cracks in a structure decreases its load-bearing capacity and leads to the collapse of the entire structure. Addition of various additives in all kinds of concrete or concrete ingredients, as several studies have shown, could significantly make concrete reclaim from the specifications and attributes point of view. A possible manner to the common ruin and expensive preservation of concrete infrastructure, utilizing encapsulating healing factors is helpful for the self-healing of concrete. The selfhealing concrete with microencapsulated Preyssler, and calcium nitrate was studied in this paper. Microcapsules were synthesized by in-situ polymerization of urea-formaldehyde as a shell around the core materials inclusive of Preyssler, calcium nitrate. Physicochemical characterization of microcapsules was conducted by Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and Transmission Electron Microscope. The mechanical assessment of cementitious specimens with different dosages of microcapsules (0%,0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2%) was performed by compressive tests. Also, by measurement before and after damage after 10 days, the self-healing potential was tested. After the concrete was damaged by exerting 30% of its final load, all samples were incubated by immersion in water. According to the results, the sample containing 0.5% UFN, the sample containing 1.5% UFP, and the sample containing 1.5% UFNP have higher repair rates than others. This scope of research because of its interdisciplinary nature would own several possibilities to be pioneering with making an opening gate to link sciences and engineering such as material, chemistry, science, nanotechnology, and the field of engineering to persuade a wide spectrum of contribution in engineering sciences and usages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Constructing dual‐ion energy storage devices using anion‐intercalation graphite cathodes offers the unique opportunity to simultaneously achieve high energy density and output power density. However, a critical challenge remains in the lack of proper anodes that match with graphite cathodes, particularly in sustainable electrolyte systems using abundant potassium. Here, a surface grafting approach utilizing multifunctional azobenzene sulfonic acid is reported, which transforms V2C MXene into a high‐kinetics K+‐intercalation anode (denoted ASA‐V2C) for dual‐ion energy storage devices. Importantly, the grafted azobenzene sulfonic acid offers extra K+‐storage centers and fast K+‐hopping sites, while concurrently acting as a buffer between V2C layers to mitigate the structural distortion during K+ intercalation/de‐intercalation. These functionalities enable the V2C electrode with significantly enhanced specific capacity (173.9 mAh g−1 vs 121.5 mAh g−1 at 0.05 A g−1), rate capability (43.1% vs 12.0% at 20 A g−1), and cycling stability (80.3% vs 45.2% after 900 cycles at 0.05 A g−1). When coupled with an anion‐intercalation graphite cathode, the ASA‐V2C anode demonstrates its potential in a dual‐ion energy storage device. Notably, the device depicts a maximum energy density of 175 Wh kg−1 and a supercapacitor‐comparable power density of 6.5 kW kg−1, outperforming recently reported Li+‐, Na+‐, and K+‐based dual‐ion devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The basic strategy to mitigate water crisis is to save agricultural water consumption by increasing productivity, which will result in more income for farmers and sustainable production. Due to the economic importance of barley production in the country, it is necessary to study the volume of irrigation water and water productivity to produce this strategic product. Based on extensive field research on irrigation water management and application of different irrigation methods in barley farms, the innovations of this research were: a) measuring water consumed and determining water use efficiency in barley production, b) the up-to-date of the measurements and research findings, c) findings applicability for application in agricultural planning at the national and regional levels, d) the ability to development the findings in barley farms at the national level to improve water use efficiency. The hypotheses of this research are: a) barley irrigation water is various in different regions, b) water applied in barley farms is more than the required one, c) the water use efficiency of barley is different in the main production areas, and d) The applied water of barley is not the same in different irrigation methods. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to determine the water consumed and water use efficiency in barley production; to measure the water applied to barley farms in the main production areas; to compare the water measured in the production areas with the net irrigation requirement; and finally to determine water use efficiency of the barley in the main production areas in the Iran. Materials and Methods For this purpose, the volume of irrigation water and barley yield in 296 selected farms in 12 provinces (about 75% of the area under cultivation and production of barley in Iran) including Khuzestan, East Azerbaijan, Ardabil, North Khorasan, Fars, Khorasan Razavi, Tehran, Semnan, Markazi, Isfahan, Hamedan and Qazvin were measured directly. Farms in the mentioned provinces were selected to cover various factors such as irrigation method, level of ownership, proper distribution and quality of irrigation water. By carefully monitoring the irrigation program of selected farms during the growing season, the amount of irrigation water for barley during one year was measured. At the end of the season and after determining the average yield of barley during the 2020-2021 year, the values of irrigation water productivity and total water productivity (irrigation+effective rainfall) were determined in selected barley farms in each region. The volume of water supplied was compared with the gross irrigation requirements estimated by the Penman-Monteith method using meteorological data from the last ten years, and compared with the values of the National Water Document. Analysis of variance was used to investigate the possible differences in yield, irrigation water and water productivity in barley production. Results and Discussion To assess the reliability of statistical analysis, we evaluated the sufficiency of the number of measurements needed for both the quantity of irrigation water and the ley yield on the farms. Subsequently, we computed statistical indices, such as the mean and standard deviation. The results showed that the number of measurements of irrigation water and barley yield was to be 296 and 283, respectively, which was more than the number of measurements required for irrigation water (41 dataset) and yield (50 dataset). Therefore, the sufficiency of the data for the statistical analysis was reliable. The results showed that the difference in yield, volume of irrigation water and water productivity indices were significant in the mentioned provinces. The volume of barley irrigation water in the studied areas varied from 1900 to 9300 cubic meters per hectare and its average weight was 4875 cubic meters per hectare. The average barley yield in selected farms varied from 1630 to 7050 kg ha-1 and the average was 3985 kg ha-1. Irrigation water productivity in selected provinces ranged from 0.22 to 1.53 and its weight average was 0.90 kg m-3. Average gross irrigation water requirement in the study areas by the Penman-Monteith method using meteorological data of the last ten years and the national water document were 4710 and 4950 cubic meters per hectare, respectively. Irrigation efficiency of barley fields in the country is estimated at 6265% without deficit irrigation. Conclusion In order to reduce water consumption and improve water productivity, it is suggested to manage water delivery to farms during the season and deliver water rights to them according to crops water requirements. To reduce water losses and enhance productivity in the barley farms, it is suggested the application of modern irrigation systems according to the farms conditions with the suitable operation; and modification and improvement of surface and traditional irrigation methods. Note that, water is only one of several necessary and effective inputs in the optimal and economic production of barley. On the other hand, attention should be paid to the optimal application of other inputs including: seeds, fertilizers, equipment and tools etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the capability of a novel non-Lead composite shield with a lower density compared to commercial Lead shield to protect against 10-100 keV X-ray. Materials and Methods: In the present study, Monte Carlo calculations were performed to study the attenuation properties of a composite designed shield. For this reason, the attenuation rate of 8-material alloy including Tungsten, Bismuth, Barium, Gadolinium, Cesium, Cerium, Tin, and Antimony elements was compared to the 8-layers combination of these elements. Tungsten, Gadolinium, Cerium, and Bismuth were selected to simulate 4-layer and an alloy shields. The resulting X-ray fluence spectra attenuated by the designed shields were calculated. Results: Preliminary results showed that at the energy of 68 keV, the attenuation value by the 8-layer composition was 2.6 times higher than the value achievable by the alloy. It should be noted that the attenuation of 4-layer shield combined from Tungsten, Gadolinium, Cerium and Bismuth in the energy range of 72-100 keV, was 3.5 times higher than that of the alloy shield built from these elements. Conclusions: According to the results, a combination of Tungsten, Gadolinium, Cerium, and Bismuth materials can be effectively used to create non-Lead shields. The four-layer shield with higher density offers better attenuation compared to the alloy shield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the major issues related to traffic monitoring systems is analysis of the behavior of vehicles and identification of their characteristics. In this paper, an automated algorithm is proposed for calibration of road cameras. This calibration is used to estimate the speed and dimensions of passing vehicles. By using this method, a motion plane is obtained in the initial frames according to the direction of moving vehicles. After modeling the background, removing shadows, and identifying the exact boundaries of passing vehicles, a number of common vehicles are recognized through the bag of words method. Given the actual metric dimensions of these vehicles and the equivalent dimensions on the motion plane, the metric coefficients are calculated and the calibration process is completed. Each passing vehicle is projected on the motion plane, and speed and dimensions are calculated by tracking it along the road. To test the accuracy of the proposed method, a ground-truth video dataset is constructed by simultaneously capturing road vehicles using RGB and speed cameras. Furthermore, to identify common vehicles, a dataset of vehicle images is collected. The proposed method is evaluated based on our dataset and the mean error of 1.15 km/h is achieved. Accordingly, it outperforms previous methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let and be positive integers. We study , the class of all groups that for all subsets and of of sizes and , there exist and such that is subnormal in . In fact, if is a finite group, then we find some sharp bounds for and such that implies that is a nilpotent group. Also we find a bound depending only on and for the order of all nonnilpotent finite groups in . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the significance of groundwater resources in arid and semi-arid regions and the effect of climate change on these resources, the present research aims to assess climate change in the Minab plain and its effect on groundwater level variability in the future period. Climate change was explored by the climatic model CanESM2 using the SDSM4.2 software package, and the effect of climate change on groundwater resources was quantitatively modeled in the GMS10.0.5 software package under the emission scenarios of RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5. The results for the effect of climate change in the future period (2035) in the context of these scenarios showed that temperature will increase by 1.88°C, 2.60°C, and 4.28°C and precipitation will decrease by 34.19%, 42.08%, and 59.43% versus the reference year, respectively. The results for the application of the climatic scenarios using the groundwater model revealed that due to the decline of precipitation in this period, the mean groundwater level balance in the future periods leading to 2019, 2024, 2029, and 2035 versus the reference year (2003-2004) will be -13.8, -18.9, -22.1, and -24.7 m/yr in RCP2.6, -13.8, -18.9, -22.7, and -25.1 m/yr in RCP4.5, and -14.2, -19.2, -23.0, and -25.4 m/yr in RCP8.5, respectively. The mentioned changes are only based on predicting changes in precipitation and temperature parameters in the future period in Minab plain, and if exploitation continues, the deterioration of conditions in this plain will increase. So, it is recommended to planners and authorities adopt strategies for adaptation to new climatic conditions and water scarcity in the region and accommodate themselves with future conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study focuses on the development of silanized graphene oxide reinforced basalt fiber/epoxy composites for enhanced tribological and viscoelastic properties. The modified-graphene oxide nanoplatelets were characterized using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and Raman analyses. Pin-on-disk wear test and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis were conducted to determine the tribological and viscoelastic properties of the fabricated specimens with different silanized-graphene oxide loadings in the matrix (0–0.5 wt.% at a step of 0.1). The multiscale specimens were fabricated using the hand lay-up technique. The best silanized-graphene oxide loading for effectively enhancing the tribological properties was found to be 0.4 wt.%, whose wear rate and friction coefficient were 62% and 44%, respectively lower than those of the neat basalt/epoxy composite. The examination of the worn surfaces showed the enhanced basalt fiber/epoxy bonding in graphene oxide-reinforced specimen. From the results of dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, the specimen filled with 0.4 wt.% silanized-graphene oxide demonstrated the highest increase of 130% and 13.6℃ in the storage modulus and glass transition temperature as compared to the neat composite. This study indicated that the addition of silanized-graphene oxide considerably enhanced the tribological and viscoelastic properties of the fibrous composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Hydatid disease is a common health problem in developing countries. The liver and lungs are the most common organs affected by this infection. Hydatid cyst is very rare in the inguinal area. The aim of this case report was to introduce a patient with multiple hydatid cysts in the right inguinal area who developed symptoms of inguinal hernia. CASE REPORT: The patient is a 92-year-old man who was referred to Imam Reza Hospital in Mashhad due to pain, swelling and redness in the right inguinal area. The patient's blood tests showed an increase in neutrophils, and a decrease in eosinophils, basophil and monocyte. Ultrasound examinations of the patient revealed right inguinal hernia and hydatid cysts in the liver, abdomen and pelvic cavity. Finally, the patient was operated with a diagnosis of incarcerated inguinal hernia. During the operation, multiple cysts were observed in the inguinal area; the cysts were removed and sent to pathology. Pathological findings confirmed the presence of hydatid cyst. After 2 days, the patient was discharged in relatively good general condition and with albendazole (400 mg) twice daily for 6 months. At the end of the treatment period, no signs of recurrence of hydatid cyst were observed in the patient. CONCLUSION: According to the cases reported in patients diagnosed with hydatid cyst with inguinal pain, the possibility of migration or hernia of hydatid cyst should be considered, because knowing its presence is useful for preoperative planning and reduction of complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Electron beam irradiation is one of the effective ways to control foodborne pathogens. We evaluated the effect of electron beam irradiation on survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica serovar Thyphimurium in minced camel meat during refrigerated storage. Methods: The meat samples were inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 and S. enterica serovar Thyphimurium and then irradiated with doses of 0, 1, 2, 3, and 5 kGy. The samples were stored at 4±1 °C and evaluated microbiologically up to 10 days. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 18. Results: The microbial loads of minced camel meat samples were significantly reduced (p<0.0001) with increasing the dose of irradiation. The most effective dose was 5 kGy that highly reduced S. enterica serovar Typhimurium, and completely destroyed E. coli O157:H7. However, E. coli O157:H7 was more sensitive to electron beam irradiation than S. enterica serovar Typhimurium. Conclusion: Electron beam irradiation effectively reduced the population of both E. coli O157:H7 and S. enterica serovar Typhimurium in minced camel meat in a dose dependent manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Desertification is the third most important global challenge after crisis of water shortage and drought in the 21st century. Many countries, especially developing countries, are faced this phenomenon. Identifying the regions exposed to this phenomenon is so important for combating desertification. Regarding to the importance of this phenomenon, in this study, we assessed desertification in Kashan, Iran, using IMDPA model and GIS software. According to the region condition, water was selected as the criterion and some indices were identified for it. For monitoring, the effect of criterion and indices changes was investigated during 1966–1974, 1974–1992, 1992–2002 and 2002–2011. Finally, for providing the desertification early warning system, data related to the criterion and indices were collected during 2003–2011 and the threshold of each index was determined. The results showed that the class of desertification based on Electrical Conductivity index was very severe in the study area, so this index is one of the most important desertification indices in arid areas in Iran. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Desertification is the third most important global challenge after crisis of water shortage and drought in the 21st century. Many countries, especially developing countries, are faced this phenomenon. Identifying the regions exposed to this phenomenon is so important for combating desertification. Regarding to the importance of this phenomenon, in this study, we assessed desertification in Kashan, Iran, using IMDPA model and GIS software. According to the region condition, water was selected as the criterion and some indices were identified for it. For monitoring, the effect of criterion and indices changes was investigated during 1966–1974, 1974–1992, 1992–2002 and 2002–2011. Finally, for providing the desertification early warning system, data related to the criterion and indices were collected during 2003–2011 and the threshold of each index was determined. The results showed that the class of desertification based on Electrical Conductivity index was very severe in the study area, so this index is one of the most important desertification indices in arid areas in Iran. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: With the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic, healthcare providers have made increasing use of inpatient teledermatology; however, few studies have analysed the impact of teledermatology on patient outcomes. In this study, we investigated the diagnostic concordance between the primary team and teledermatologist, and we analysed the impact of this technology on the diagnosis and management of erythroderma, a condition with high morbidity and mortality. Overall, out of 2987 inpatient teledermatology encounters reviewed, we found 33 cases of erythroderma, and, of these, 78.8% had a change in diagnosis after teledermatology consult, 81.8% were recommended biopsy and all patients had a change in topical/systemic therapy. We hope to promote further study of the efficacy of teledermatology as it may begin to address large gaps in dermatological access to care particularly in regional and community hospitals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study 3-Thue–Morse groups, but these are the groups satisfying the semigroup identity x y 2 x y x 2 y = y x 2 y x y 2 x. We prove that if G is a 3-Thue–Morse group then 〈 x , x y 〉 is soluble for every x and y in G. Furthermore, if G is an Engel group without involution then we show that G is locally nilpotent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of erbium (Er) addition at various weight percentages (0-0.6 wt.% at an interval of 0.2) on the microstructural features, tensile properties and wear behavior of as-cast Al-7.5Si-0.5Mg alloy were evaluated. The microstructure of the specimens was examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The obtained results clearly demonstrated that the incorporation of erbium decreased the a-Al grain size and eutectic Si, and altered the Si morphology from plate to semi-globular. Further addition of erbium (> 0.2 wt.%) did not alter the eutectic morphology and size. Moreover, the Al3Er phase was also observed in the eutectic region after modification. Out of the erbium contents used, 0.2 wt.% erbium showed the best influence on the tensile and wear properties. Compared with those of unmodified specimen, the values of ultimate tensile strength and elongation were enhanced by 31 and 39%, respectively through 0.2 wt. % erbium addition. Additionally, a remarkable enhancement in the wear properties was observed with the addition of 0.2 wt.% erbium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The vanadium impurity effects on the electronic and optical properties of titanium carbide graphene-like (Ti2C:V) are investigated in the density functional theory framework to obtain the corresponding density of states, band structure, dielectric function, energy loss function, reflectivity and absorption spectrum. The electronic and optical results indicated the metallic behavior of the Ti2C and Ti2C:V nano-sheets along the graphene sheet (E||x) and the normal direction (E||z), so that the static amount of the real part of the dielectric function is big and the main large peaks of the imaginary one are located at infrared area. For Ti2C, the results of the real and imaginary parts of the dielectric function in all major peaks are due to the inter-band transitions at high energies, while radiation tends to zero. Absorption is connected to transitions between the occupied and unoccupied states of light which is a mutual effect of electrons; in other words, optical absorption is a result of inter- and intra-band transitions. On Eloss curve of both compounds, there is no energy loss for the case of zero energy, and in the case of E||x, the metallic character of the material is more than E||z case. In addition, in the highest peak in the UV region, the real part of the dielectric function is zero. Unlike the E||z case, reflectivity is almost 100% in E||x case at low energies (less than 1 eV). The increment of absorption in UV region implies the metallic character of Ti2C:V. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, the reinforcing effects of CaCO3 nanoparticles on the mechanical properties of E-glass chopped strand mat (CSM)/epoxy composites have been investigated. The CaCO3 nanoparticles were functionalized with 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS), and the characterization techniques illustrated that functionalized-CaCO3 (f-CaCO3) was successfully prepared. In the composite fabrication stage, various f-CaCO3 loadings (0.5, 1, 3, and 5 wt%) were incorporated into the epoxy resin, and then the multiscale composites were prepared using the hand lay-up technique. Among these composites, the sample containing 0.1 wt% f-CaCO3 demonstrated the highest interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) (33% increase in comparison with the neat sample). Moreover, the maximum tensile strength and modulus were observed for the 3 wt% and 5 wt% f-CaCO3 additions with 19% and 41% improvements, respectively as compared to the neat sample. The examination of the fracture surface showed that the nanocomposite matrix was better bonded to the fibers in comparison to the neat epoxy matrix. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Gel polymers are considered as new dosimeters for determining radiotherapy dose distribution in three dimensions. Objective: The ability of a new formulation of MAGIC-f polymer gel was assessed by experimental measurement and Monte Carlo (MC) method for studying the effect of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) in prostate dose distributions under the internal Ir-192 and external 18MV radiotherapy practices. Method: A Plexiglas phantom was made representing human pelvis. The GNP shaving 15 nm in diameter and 0.1 mM concentration were synthesized using chemical reduction method. Then, a new formulation of MAGIC-f gel was synthesized. The fabricated gel was poured in the tubes located at the prostate (with and without the GNPs) and bladder locations of the phantom. The phantom was irradiated to an Ir-192 source and 18 MV beam of a Varian linac separately based on common radiotherapy procedures used for prostate cancer. After 24 hours, the irradiated gels were read using a Siemens 1.5 Tesla MRI scanner. The absolute doses at the reference points and isodose curves resulted from the experimental measurement of the gels and MC simulations following the internal and external radiotherapy practices were compared. Results: The mean absorbed doses measured with the gel in the presence of the GNPs in prostate were 15% and 8 % higher than the corresponding values without the GNPs under the internal and external radiation therapies, respectively. MC simulations also indicated a dose increase of 14 % and 7 % due to presence of the GNPs, for the same experimental internal and external radiotherapy practices, respectively. Conclusion: There was a good agreement between the dose enhancement factors (DEFs) estimated with MC simulations and experiment gel measurements due to the GNPs. The results indicated that the polymer gel dosimetry method as developed and used in this study, can be recommended as a reliable method for investigating the DEF of GNPs in internal and external radiotherapy practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Desertification phenomenon is described as one of the most obvious forms of natural resources degradation in the world. This phenomenon, which occurs because of natural factors or anthropogenic factors, is accounted as the third most important global challenge after crisis of water shortage and drought in the 21st century. Awareness of desertification criteria and indicators, investigation of a regional model and determining the most important factors affecting desertification are essential for combating desertification. So in this study, IMDPA model (Iranian Model of Desertification Potential Assessment) was used in order to prepare Atlas of Iran desertification. 8 criteria and 130 indicators affecting desertification have determined for this model. Regarding to these criteria and indicators and quantifying them in arid, semi-arid and dry sub-humid region of Iran, the map of desertification intensity was prepared. The results of this study showed that 88.73% of the country surface was affected by desertification that is equal to 143365238.6 hectare. The surface more than 49425703.3 hectare equal to 30.59% of total surface of country was in low desertification class, the surface more than 935677913.6 hectare equal to 57.91% was in class II or medium and the surface about 371621.7 hectare equal to 0.23% was in class III or intense. Class IV of desertification or very intense was omitted regarding to IMDPA model and 8 criteria, and natural desert areas which their surface was equal to 15624274.3 hectare or 9.67% is beyond this class. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Desertification phenomenon is described as one of the most obvious forms of natural resources degradation in the world. This phenomenon, which occurs because of natural factors or anthropogenic factors, is accounted as the third most important global challenge after crisis of water shortage and drought in the 21st century. Awareness of desertification criteria and indicators, investigation of a regional model and determining the most important factors affecting desertification are essential for combating desertification. So in this study, IMDPA model (Iranian Model of Desertification Potential Assessment) was used in order to prepare Atlas of Iran desertification. 8 criteria and 130 indicators affecting desertification have determined for this model. Regarding to these criteria and indicators and quantifying them in arid, semi-arid and dry sub-humid region of Iran, the map of desertification intensity was prepared. The results of this study showed that 88.73% of the country surface was affected by desertification that is equal to 143365238.6 hectare. The surface more than 49425703.3 hectare equal to 30.59% of total surface of country was in low desertification class, the surface more than 935677913.6 hectare equal to 57.91% was in class II or medium and the surface about 371621.7 hectare equal to 0.23% was in class III or intense. Class IV of desertification or very intense was omitted regarding to IMDPA model and 8 criteria, and natural desert areas which their surface was equal to 15624274.3 hectare or 9.67% is beyond this class. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ixazomib is a second-generation proteasome inhibitor that has been approved in the combination treatment of multiple myeloma and is currently under clinical investigation for the management of Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia. While cutaneous adverse events secondary to proteasome inhibitors have been reported, the side effect profile of ixazomib remains to be documented. We report two patients, one with multiple myeloma and one with Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia, who developed cutaneous necrotizing vasculitis after the initiation of ixazomib. Both patients exhibited no signs of systemic vasculitis and completed their anti-cancer regimens with resolution of their respective eruptions following dose reductions in ixazomib and initiation of low-dose prednisone. A collaborative effort towards the characterization of such cutaneous toxicities facilitates early intervention, maintenance of life-preserving anti-cancer therapy, and allows clinicians opportunity to better understand the pathophysiology of vasculitis. Moreover, appropriate identification and characterization of cutaneous toxicities from novel therapies allows providers to accurately identify safety concerns, treat toxicity, and improve patient quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Approximately 34% of soils in Asia are influenced by salts. With about 25 million ha of saline and alkaline lands, about 15% of the country, Iran has the most saline lands in Asia after China, India, and Pakistan due to its geographical position, climate and human activities. This research was done due to determine the effective factors on soil and water salinization. At the first the boundaries of this region were characterized using GIS, then landuses were determined for field survey and also soil sampling in nine landuses were done according to both factors of planting pattern and water resources in each unit. The soil profile was prepared and soil samples were obtained from surface depths of (0 - 50 cm) and some factors such as soil texture EC, SAR, pH, CaCO3, Cl and potassium were measured. For study of water resources some samples were obtained from 30 wells and alsofrom upland runoff, then soil and water sample were analyzed and some parameters such as EC, SAR, Cl- and pH were measured. Finally, according to data base, geological map, topography map, landuse map, soil and water measured data and alsofield studies, soil and water salinization schedule and region status were investigated. The results showed that important factors influencing water salinization in Ghaleh Ghazi region (Iran) are geological formations located in aquifer recharge and climate condition. Important factors of soil salinization in region are irrigation with saline water, improper irrigation method, unsuitable planting method, climate condition and landform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four 5-, 10-, 20- and 30-story moment frames, representing low-, mid-, and two high-rise structures, were subjected to a great number of idealized directivity pulses. The amplitudes and periods of pulses vary from 0.02 g to 1.0 g and 0.5 to 12 sec, respectively. Over 1400 nonlinear dynamic analyses of low- to high-rise moment frames were performed which were feasible through using modified fish-bone model. The distribution of interstory drift along the height was studied and two applied contours were proposed: (i) the maximum interstory drift contour, and (ii) the critical story contour. These contours were demonstrated versus the ratio of natural period of the structure to the pulse period and the response modification coefficient (R-factor). Hence, the contours could provide the possibility of investigating the measure of damage, its location and also the conditions leading to collapse based on these parameters. These investigations justify the vulnerability of flexible buildings versus long-period directivity pulses. They also show that some near-fault directivity pulses could impose serious damage to low-rise buildings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Vitamin D deficiency has been known as one of the most important factors having effect on pathogenesis and progression of hypertension. The purpose of present study was to determine vitamin D status in patients with hypertension in Yazd. Methods: Fifty six patients(21 men and 35 women) aged 25-50 years who had profile in AZAD SHAHR health and treatment center of Yazd whose hypertension remeasured to diagnosis of indispensable hypertension (systolic blood pressure over 140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure over 90 mmHg) participated in this cross-sectional study. Data were collected by blood sampling to measure serum 25 Hydroxyvitamin D, PTH, calcium, sodium, potassium, phosphorus and magnesium. Vitamin D deficiency was determined at the level of 25 Hydroxyvitamin D lower than 30 ng/ml. In this study sever deficiency of vitamin D deficiency defined as 25 Hydroxyvitamin D lower than 10 ng/ml, moderate deficiency defined as 25 Hydroxyvitamin D between 10-19.9 ng/ml and mild deficiency defined as 25 Hydroxyvitamin D between 20-29.9 ng/ml. Results: The results show that 19 of patients (33.9%) had sever deficiency, 16 had moderate (28.6%) and 7 had mild vitamin D deficiency (12.5%). Only 14 of participants had normal status (25%). All patients had normal serum PTH, calcium, sodium, potassium, phosphorus and magnesium. There wasn't any significant relationship between gender or age and vitamin D status. Conclusion: We observed a high frequency of vitamin D deficiency in hypertensive patients in this study. In addition, the effect of resolving vitamin D deficiency on blood pressure is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this work was to enhance the mechanical properties of E-glass chopped strand mat (CSM)/epoxy composite via the incorporation of CaCO3 nanoparticles in the matrix. 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane as an organosilane compound was utilized to functionalize the surface of CaCO3 nanoparticles. The multiscale composites containing functionalized-CaCO3 (f-CaCO3) with various weight fractions (0.5, 1, 3, and 5 wt.%) were prepared to explore the effects of f-CaCO3 on the flexural and wear properties. The results of the three-point bending test demonstrated that 1 wt.% f-CaCO3 addition led to a maximum enhancement of 44% in the flexural strength of the CSM/epoxy composite. In addition, 42% enhancement in flexural modulus was achieved with the addition of 3 wt.% f-CaCO3. The results of the wear tests showed that the f-CaCO3/epoxy matrix could provide enhanced wear resistance and the maximum resistance was obtained via adding 3 wt.% f-CaCO3. Incorporation of 3 wt.% f-CaCO3 resulted in 56% and 43% reductions in wear rate and friction coefficient of the CSM/epoxy composite, respectively. It was also found that the silanization of CaCO3 had a significant effect on flexural and wear properties. Scanning electron microscopy analysis of the fracture and worn surfaces clearly revealed that the nano-CaCO3 addition resulted in improved fiber-matrix interfacial bonding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Land surface temperature (LST) is one of the key parameters in the physics of land surface processes from local to global scales, and it is one of the indicators of environmental quality. Evaluation of the surface temperature distribution and its relation with existing land use types are very important to investigate the urban microclimate. Land use planning in the cities must be in accordance with sustainable development goals to make the urban environment without soil, water and air pollution. In the arid and semi-arid regions, understanding the role of land use changes in the formation of urban heat islands is necessary to provide urban planning to control or reduce surface temperature. Internal factors and environmental conditions of the Yazd city have important role in the formation of special thermal conditions in the Iran. In this paper, we used the Temperature Emissivity Separation (TES) algorithm for LST retrieving from TIRS data of the Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM). The Root Mean-Square Error (RMSE) and Coefficient of Determination (R2) were used for validation of retrieved LST values. Land use types of the Yazd city were identified and relations between land use types, land surface temperature and NDVI index were analyzed. The Kappa coefficient and overall accuracy were calculated for accuracy assessment of the land use classification. The results of this study showed that optical and thermal remote sensing methodologies can be used to research urban environmental parameters. Finally, it was found that special thermal conditions in Yazd city were formed by land use changes. Increasing the area of asphalt roads, residential, commercial and industrial types and decreasing the area of the parks, green spaces and fallow lands types of land uses in the Yazd city caused a rise in surface temperature during the 11-year period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports results from the largest international dose survey in paediatric computed tomography (CT) in 32 countries and proposes international diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) in terms of computed tomography dose index (CTDIvol) and dose length product (DLP). It also assesses whether mean or median values of individual facilities should be used. A total of 6115 individual patient data were recorded among four age groups: <1 y, >1-5 y, >5-10 y and >10-15 y. CTDIw, CTDIvol and DLP from the CT console were recorded in dedicated forms together with patient data and technical parameters. Statistical analysis was performed, and international DRLs were established at rounded 75th percentile values of distribution of median values from all CT facilities. The study presents evidence in favour of using median rather than mean of patient dose indices as the representative of typical local dose in a facility, and for establishing DRLs as third quartile of median values. International DRLs were established for paediatric CT examinations for routine head, chest and abdomen in the four age groups. DRLs for CTDIvol are similar to the reference values from other published reports, with some differences for chest and abdomen CT. Higher variations were observed between DLP values, based on a survey of whole multi-phase exams. It may be noted that other studies in literature were based on single phase only. DRLs reported in this article can be used in countries without sufficient medical physics support to identify non-optimised practice. Recommendations to improve the accuracy and importance of future surveys are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports results from the largest international dose survey in paediatric computed tomography (CT) in 32 countries and proposes international diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) in terms of computed tomography dose index (CTDIvol) and dose length product (DLP). It also assesses whether mean or median values of individual facilities should be used. A total of 6115 individual patient data were recorded among four age groups: <1 y, >1-5 y, >5-10 y and >10-15 y. CTDIw, CTDIvol and DLP from the CT console were recorded in dedicated forms together with patient data and technical parameters. Statistical analysis was performed, and international DRLs were established at rounded 75th percentile values of distribution of median values from all CT facilities. The study presents evidence in favour of using median rather than mean of patient dose indices as the representative of typical local dose in a facility, and for establishing DRLs as third quartile of median values. International DRLs were established for paediatric CT examinations for routine head, chest and abdomen in the four age groups. DRLs for CTDIvol are similar to the reference values from other published reports, with some differences for chest and abdomen CT. Higher variations were observed between DLP values, based on a survey of whole multi-phase exams. It may be noted that other studies in literature were based on single phase only. DRLs reported in this article can be used in countries without sufficient medical physics support to identify non-optimised practice. Recommendations to improve the accuracy and importance of future surveys are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prognostic value of adnexal findings in chronic GVHD (cGVHD) has not been investigated in children. Dermatologic examinations were performed in a severe cohort of 11 children with skin cGVHD seen over a 2-year period. Findings were compared with 25 additional patients with skin cGVHD and 97 control patients. In 36 patients with skin cGVHD, nail dystrophy was present in 45% of patients, and was significantly associated with sclerotic disease and lung cGVHD. Pterygium inversum unguis (PIU) was associated with severe lung disease, with significantly lower % predicted FVC and FEV1 in those with PIU than those without. Forty-four percent of GVHD patients had preceding peripheral edema and 56% had preceding peripheral eosinophilia. Peripheral edema and eosinophilia were significantly associated with sclerotic cGVHD and persisted until the diagnosis of cGVHD in all patients. Comparison of data with control patients showed that incidence of nail dystrophy, incidence of peripheral edema and mean peak peripheral eosinophil count of patients with skin cGVHD was significantly higher than those without cGVHD. This study suggests that nail dystrophy, persistent peripheral edema and persistent peripheral eosinophilia are harbingers of severe cGVHD of the skin in children. The presence of PIU may be a harbinger of severe lung involvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: Burn injury is not a disease، but it is a disaster with many social، economic and mental effects which contribute to the problem and make it several times larger. Several studies have examined various factors in burn. In this study، we evaluated the effect of L-glutamine on biochemical tests in mice with second degree burns. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study، 30 male mice were included and randomly divided into two groups. First، the mice underwent general anesthesia and then using an iron plate with 80°C thermal injury for duration of one second، a second-degree burn injury was induced on the animal's skin. In the case group، the mice received glutamine powder (1 g/kg/day) dissolved in water. The control group did not receive such supplementation. The data gathered on different days and analyzed by SPSS software. Results: There was no significant difference between two groups regarding weight and serum albumin، urea، and creatinine levels. The mean of serum levels of albumin is (4.93“0.24 and 4.84“0.79) on day 1 and 22th respectively (P≤0.4) and in the control group on day 1 and 22th (4.21 “ 0.46 and 4.21 “ 0.45) respectively (P≤0.7). The mean of serum levels of urea is (30.10 “ 3.3 and 30.48 “ 4.27) on day 1 and 22th respectively (P≤0.3) and in the control group on day 1 and 22th (25.89 “ 0.14 and 25.89 “ 2.4) respectively (P≤0.7). The mean of serum levels of creatinine is (0.82 “ 0.17 and 0.86 “ 0.25 on day 1 and 22th respectively (P≤0.9) and in the control group on day 1 and 22th (0.86 “ 0.14 and 0.86 “ 0.19) respectively (P≤0.4). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that glutamine did not have any significant effect on biochemical parameters in burn. The role of glutamine in burn wound healing has not been established completely، but there is a lot of evidence supporting the beneficial effects of glutamine for treating burns. However، further research is necessary in order to understand which stage of the treating process glutamine supplementation affected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High cost and low electrochemical stability of the interconnection in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) in the presence of H2SO4 are one of the main issues hindering the commercialization of these devices. This manuscript presents the utilization of cost-effective steel in an attempt to minimize the PEMFC interconnection costs with a thin-film solid oxide coating (TFSOC) providing sufficient corrosion resistance for efficient long-term operation. Novel Ti0.50-y/2Si0.50-y/2Nby1,2O2 as TFSOC was deposited on the C45E steel as a metal interconnect utilizing a sol–gel process at various annealing temperatures. The analysis of the phase and surface morphology demonstrates that lower annealing temperatures developed nanometric crystallite size of 68 nm, more uniform structure and higher corrosion resistance. Under standard test conditions, the TFSOC demonstrated high polarization resistance (1.3 kΩ cm2) even after 720 hours (h). Electrical conductivity of the TFSOC as low as 1.4 × 10−2 (Ω m)−1 and activation energy of 0.20 eV were achieved, which helps to maintain the PEMFC output power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the challenges faced and the strategies employed by Filipino educators in teaching English expository writing based on their lived experiences. Participants who were enrolled in the program Doctor of Philosophy in Education, major in English during the School Year 2022-2023 in a private university in the Philippines were selected through convenience sampling method. Labov's thematic analysis approach was utilized as the framework for narrative analysis. Based on the findings of this research, the participants normally experience the challenges of cultural diversity, writing proficiency, time constraints, resource limitations, diverse learning styles, and student engagement. In order to navigate such challenges, however, the participants employ various strategies. For cultural diversity, the participants resort to the enhancement of a culturally inclusive content, respectful feedback, and peer collaboration. In terms of writing proficiency, the participants utilize the strategies of differentiation, skill building, and individualized support. To address time constraints, the courses of action of educators are prioritizing key concepts, chunking and sequencing, and structured lesson plans. In coping with resource limitations, the teachers of English expository writing utilize adaptable materials, minimalist approaches, and collaborative learning in their teaching methods. As regards diversity in students' learning styles, the teachers adapt multimodal instruction, student choice, and universal design. Lastly, the lack of student engagement is being addressed through interactive activities, real-world relevance, and gamification. A researcher-designed comprehensive training and development plan was recommended to further improve the educators' skills in teaching expository writing. This training and development model is envisioned to provide opportunities for teachers to upskill their pedagogies and better improve their teaching effectiveness. To verify the validity of the results, it is strongly recommended that a larger-scale variant of this study be conducted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Iron is an essential mineral that supports numerous biological functions. Studies have reported associations between iron dysregulation and certain cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, but the direction of influence is not clear. Our goal was to use computational approaches to better understand the role of genetically predicted iron levels on disease risk. We meta-analyzed genome-wide association study summary statistics for serum iron levels from two cohorts and two previous meta-analyses. We then obtained summary statistics from 11 neurodegenerative, cerebrovascular, cardiovascular or lipid traits to assess global and regional genetic correlation between iron levels and these traits. We used two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to estimate causal effects. Sex-stratified analyses were also carried out to identify effects potentially differing by sex. Overall, we identified three significant global correlations between iron levels and (i) coronary heart disease, (ii) triglycerides, and (iii) high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels. A total of 194 genomic regions had significant (after correction for multiple testing) local correlations between iron levels and the 11 tested traits. MR analysis revealed two potential causal relationships, between genetically predicted iron levels and (i) total cholesterol or (ii) non-HDL cholesterol. Sex-stratified analyses suggested a potential protective effect of iron levels on Parkinson's disease risk in females, but not in males. Our results will contribute to a better understanding of the genetic basis underlying iron in cardiovascular and neurological health in aging, and to the eventual identification of new preventive interventions or therapeutic avenues for diseases which affect women and men worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Faculty perspectives on the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in higher education are crucial for AI's meaningful integration into teaching and learning, yet research is scarce. This paper presents a study designed to gain insight into faculty members' (N = 122) AI self-efficacy and distinct latent profiles, perceived benefits, challenges, use, and professional development needs related to AI. The respondents saw greater equity in education as AI's greatest benefit, while students and faculty members' lack of AI literacy was among the greatest challenges, with the majority interested in professional development. Latent class analysis revealed four distinct faculty member profiles: optimistic, critical, critically reflected, and neutral. The optimistic profile moderates the relationship between self-efficacy and usage. The development of adequate support services is suggested for successful and sustainable digital transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urtica species is an angiosperm plant in the Urticaceae family. It serves as a traditional food and medicinal herb, possessing high nutritional value and various bioactive compounds, including polysaccharides, flavonoids, and polyphenolic compounds. In the realm of animal feeds, Urtica spp. can replace traditional protein feed sources and high-quality forage, thereby reducing feed costs. Moreover, Urtica spp. extract exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and boosts immune regulation. Hence, Urtica spp. plays a beneficial role in enhancing animal performance and improving their immune function. Recently, with the development of sustainable farming techniques, the demand for feed additives that prioritize safety, the absence of drug residues, and environmental friendliness have grown. Consequently, Urtica spp. and its extracts have received widespread attention in animal production. This article summarizes the biological functions of Urtica spp. and its application in animal husbandry while also outlining future prospects for its application. It will provide a scientific basis and reference point for the application of Urtica spp. in animal health and breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on the field of education, with particular focus on its implications for academic integrity and the adoption of comprehensive assessment approaches. This research fits within the specific setting of university students and faculty members in the Kingdom of Bahrain. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was designed to examine the impact Artificial Intelligence (AI) in field of education, with particular focus on its implications for academic integrity and the adoption of comprehensive assessment approaches. A total of 218 participants were randomly selected from 250 employed in this survey study. Results: Out of 250 invited participants, 203 responded to the survey. This study evaluated the influence of Educational Impact (EI), Policy and Ethics (PE), and Pedagogical Implications (PI) on Academic Outcomes (AO). Results revealed a significant association between EI → AO with a beta of 0.490, t-value of 4.504, and p <0.001. PI also showed a significant relationship (β=0.454, t =2.330, p = 0.010) with more variability. PE's impact on AO was modest (β = 0.243, t = 1.977, p = 0.024). Overall, EI was the strongest AO predictor. The R² value was approximately 39%, indicating a good fit. Conclusion: The research reveals a strong link between the Educational Impact (EI) of AI and academic success in Bahrain's universities, with EI being the primary predictor. Both Policy and Ethics (PE) and Pedagogical Implications (PI) play crucial roles in this relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study deals with the development of interlayer hybrid composites with improved low-velocity impact response. In the composites produced using the hand lay-up technique, glass, carbon, and Kevlar woven fabrics were used as reinforcement materials and epoxy resin was used as the matrix material. Shear thickening fluid (STF) was impregnated into the fabric for enhancing their performance. The effect of hybridization with different stacking sequences and the impregnation of STF on the peak load, deflection at peak load, energy absorption, impact strength, and damage degree were investigated. All samples were subjected to 3.12 m/s and 4.42 m/s impact velocities using a drop-weight impact tester applying 200J and 400J impact energy levels, respectively. The results revealed that in samples containing neat fabrics, the performances of the pure Kevlar samples were much better in comparison to hybrid samples, especially under high impact energy. However, STF significantly improved the impact strength and energy absorption (up to 30 times) of all samples, including hybrid ones. On the other hand, as the impact energy increased, the use of a Kevlar reinforced plate on the impact surface was crucial, providing higher energy absorption, and no perforation was observed since most of the energy was required to initiate the damage. In the samples with Kevlar in the intermediate layer, however, the majority of the impact energy caused propagation and expansion of the damage. According to the findings, up to 50% cost savings were achieved in STF-impregnated hybrid samples containing Kevlar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

DFT calculations are used to disclose the mechanism of Brønsted base-mediated cyclization of (2-alkynylbenzyl)oxy nitriles for the synthesis of benzofuroazepines. In 2015, the synthesis of substituted benzofuroazepines was reported by Zeni et al. via a stepwise mechanism known as 7-endo-dig. However, DFT calculations revealed that the anionic aza 8π-electrocyclization is more favorable than the proposed 7-endo-dig mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biowaste-derived carbon quantum dots (CQDs) offer a wide range of applications, including bioimaging, drug degradation and manufacturing of sensors, photodetectors and photosensitisers. However, inaccurate measurements of their quantum confinement and valence/conduction band potentials complicate their application predictability. Herein, we report carbon dots synthesized hydrothermally (600 °C; 6 h) using sugarcane bagasse powder (SC-CQDs). These SC-CQDs were characterized through UV-visible, fluorescence, PXRD, XPS, DLS, FTIR, Raman, SEM, EDAX and TEM analyses. The obtained SC-CQDs resemble amorphous N-doped multilayer-nanographene-type spherical particles with a size of 9.09 nm and has a band gap of 2.46 eV (λabs: 298 nm) with –COOH/–OH functionalities. The quantum confinement and valence/conduction band potentials were estimated using Brus-Kayanuma quantum mechanical (BKQM) and virtual molecular dynamics (VMD) equations. These CQDs are potential candidates for sunlight-mediated methylene blue degradation in water within 36 min for up to four catalytic cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The carbon spheres synthesized by pyrolysis of resorcinol–formaldehyde (RF) semiconducting resins exhibit enhanced activity for electrocatalytic oxygen reduction. The spheres consist of narrow reticulated carbon layers, which are derived from the donor–acceptor π-stacking interaction of the resins, and show high electron conductivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]