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This paper applies Bayesian inference with normal-normal conjugate to forecast renewable energy generation. The generation forecasts a probability distribution rather than a quantitative value. An assumed normal distribution is initialized for renewable energy generation. This assumed normal distribution's parameters, the mean μ, and the standard deviation σ, are inferred by Bayesian inference afterward. However, applying Bayesian inference barely shall encounter an intractable integral. To circumvent the intractable integral, this paper considers the normal-normal conjugate method. This method fixes the assumed normal distribution's σ and characterizes μ as another normal distribution and then infers the latter normal distribution parameters. A case study of waste-to-energy generation forecast in Taiwan is investigated in this paper. It has been found from the investigation that the Bayesian inferred probability distribution outperforms the assumed one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reconfiguration of the power distribution system allows for minimal real power losses and compliance with the required bus voltage limits of the power system. This paper proposes the network reconfiguration of the IEEE 33-bus radial distribution system using heuristic optimization algorithms. This problem-solving approach has the advantage of identifying the optimal system configuration solution by evaluating all possible solutions to the problem. The least power losses, voltage deviation, and compliance with the required bus voltage limits of the power system determine the optimal solution. To solve this problem, three types of heuristic optimization algorithms are used: Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Multi-Verse Optimization (MVO), and Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO). Using heuristic optimization algorithms to solve the reconfiguration problem, the active power losses of the power distribution system decreased by 46%. The optimal results obtained using the GWO algorithm are compiled in less time than other algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper accentuates the study of LLC resonant converter by a comparative analysis of the properties of LLC resonant and pulse width modulation direct current-direct current converters. Lately, LLC resonant converters have become more appealing and desirable in many applications than other pulse width modulation converters (e.g., Buck, Boost, Cuk) for their soft-switching techniques like zero voltage switching, zero current switching as well as low electromagnetic interference. This paper presents an analysis of efficiency variation, output voltage's ripple, and various transient performances like percentage overshoot, and the settling time with the variation of load current in a comparative way between LLC resonant converter's buck, boost operation, and conventional pulse width modulation converter's buck, boost operation. Feedback prop ortio nal-i ntegr al-d eriva tive duty cycle controller is used in all converter topologies for some specific analysis. A fixed input voltage of 100 V is selected for simulation and an output voltage of 24 V for buck operation and 120 V for boost operation are chosen. For simulation purposes, MATLAB/SIMULINK software is used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Business Administration & Social Studies is the property of Aves Yayincilik Ltd. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Business Administration & Social Studies is the property of Aves Yayincilik Ltd. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Dental caries, a multifactorial chronic disease, affects a majority of the world's population and is regarded as the foremost global burden on oral health. Fluorides, while effective in reducing cavities on smooth enamel and cementum surfaces, are less effective in protecting occlusal pits and fissures, where the majority of cavities occur. Pits and fissures are highly susceptible to cavities due to their complex surface morphology, which promotes plaque retention. If they have a narrow and deep morphology, they are almost impossible to clean. Consequently, the prevalence of occlusal caries lesions on permanent posterior teeth exceeds that of caries on smooth surfaces. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses have determined that pit and fissure sealants, which form a physical barrier between the tooth surface and oral environment, are the most effective treatment option for preventing pit and fissure caries. In this review paper, the general characteristics of pit and fissure sealants, as well as their classification, materials used as sealants and current application techniques are evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Control of robots to ensure safe operation has been a current research topic ever since the manipulators were utilized in industrial applications. Humans and robots work together collaboratively more often these days. Providing a safer operation has become an issue that requires more attention. In this paper, the application of a control algorithm that combines a proportional plus derivative controller with an overshoot avoidance trajectory tracking mechanism is introduced. The operation of the algorithm is illustrated on a two-link planar manipulator. The performance is shown both by means of graphs of end effector trajectories and mean absolute error metric. The results indicate that depending on the gain of the proportional plus derivative controller, desired trajectories can be followed very closely and the error becomes negligibly small. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the complex interactions that exist between national ancillary service markets and local flexibility in Türkiye's changing power landscape. The significance of grid flexibility is escalating, especially with the country's transition from a predictable energy generation model to one predominantly fueled by intermittent renewable sources, coupled with the imminent integration of nuclear power. Ancillary services, encompassing functions such as frequency control, voltage regulation, and system restart, play a pivotal role in upholding grid stability. The study particularly underscores the significance of frequencyrelated ancillary services in preserving grid equilibrium. Moreover, it emphasizes how important electricity distribution businesses are as major players in improving grid stability. These businesses can actively participate in ancillary service markets and support grid stability by utilizing local flexibility solutions like distributed generation, energy storage, and demand response. This benefits the grid as well as consumers. The central objective of the study is to explore the synergies between local flexibility solutions and national ancillary markets. A case study is employed to evaluate the potential benefits and profitability associated with the integration of these components for an electrical distribution company. A combination solution utilizing solar panels, battery storage systems, electric vehicle charging infrastructure, and a natural gas turbine within the gearbox company's network is the subject of a case study that is presented. The concept of local flexibility and its mutually beneficial relationship with the national auxiliary service markets are also clarified in the study. The findings demonstrate the potential profitability and advantages of battery storage for the national energy grid. A substantial increase in prices for Frequency Restoration Reserve is imperative to render the natural gas turbine economically sustainable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates outage management in electricity distribution networks through the application of artificial intelligence techniques. The core of the system utilizes a diverse dataset compiled from outage management system records, weather forecasts, and geographical data to predict potential electricity outages. The data is rigorously analyzed to determine correlations between various weather conditions and outage occurrences, with particular emphasis on the impact of wind speed and storm conditions. The predictive model, a cornerstone of this research, employs a hybrid artificial intelligence algorithm that integrates outputs from convolutional neural networks, recursive neural networks, and extreme gradient boosting. The predictions are further refined using a feedforward neural network and distributed to specific districts based on historical data trends. Comparative analysis against a naive model based on historical averages highlights the superior performance of the hybrid model, showcasing its reduced error rates and enhanced predictive accuracy. This decision support system not only provides reliable outage predictions but also facilitates more effective management strategies, thus improving operational efficiencies and customer service in electricity distribution. The findings underscore the potential of advanced analytics in transforming utility management and pave the way for further innovations in smart grid technology and outage prevention strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Identifying complications related to enteral nutrition at home in children is important in terms of establishing standard discharge education and training programs to support parents in managing complications. The study aimed to synthesize current evidence on the complications of pediatric enteral nutrition at home. Methods: The study was conducted according to PRISMA recommendations. Eight databases were reviewed between 2012 and 2022 in Turkish, German, and English languages. Articles were assessed in three stages: title, abstract, and full text. The review included 18 studies that met all the inclusion criteria. The Joanna Briggs Institute Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instruments were used to assess the quality appraisal of the studies. Results: A total of 18 studies with 19,531 children were included from 14 countries. The outcome measures were major and minor complications with pediatric enteral nutrition at home. 11 of the 18 papers included were retrospective studies on complications of PEG. In studies reporting the overall rate of major complications ranged from 0% to 14.3%, and the most common complications were reoperation (2.64%-12.4%), and gastrocolic fistula/perforation (0.9%-3.8%). In studies reporting the overall rate of minor complications, the rate ranged from 16.4%-73.6% and the most common complications were infection (8.2%-31.9%), dislodgement (1.6%-21%), skin granulation (4%-50.4%), and vomiting (1%-49.89%). Conclusion: This systematic review reveals that the rate of complications in pediatric enteral nutrition at home cannot be underestimated. Healthcare providers should plan their practice considering these complications to support parents in managing complications of pediatric enteral nutrition at home. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Exenatide (twice daily) has been used as a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist in patients with diabetes with inadequate glycemic control for over a decade. In this paper, we aimed to investigate the long-term glycemic control and change in body weight in patients treated with exenatide. Methods: A total of 287 patients who were treated with exenatide twice daily between 2012 and 2022 were included in this retrospective study. The changes in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and body weight were assessed over time after exenatide administration. The administered insulin dosage and metabolic parameters were documented. The baseline data were compared over a period of 3 months to 3 years. Results: The study included 101 (36%) males and 186 (64%) females, with an average age of 56.4 ± 10.7 years. The baseline HbA1c level was 8.0 ± 1.8%, and the body mass index was 38.8 ± 5.9 kg/m². The HbA1c level had decreased by 1.29% from the baseline at 3 months (P < .001), which continued up to 3 years (−0.63%, P = .010). During the 3-year period, body weight continued to decrease significantly (−12.1, P < .001). Glucose levels were significantly reduced, but the lipid levels and glomerular filtration rate after exenatide treatment were similar. Notably, exenatide administration resulted in a decrease in insulin dosage for patients treated with insulin. Conclusion: Exenatide therapy produced continued improvements in glycemic control and progressive weight loss for 3 years in patients with diabetes in a real-life setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Business Administration & Social Studies is the property of Aves Yayincilik Ltd. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this era of rapidly advancing technology, artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force, even being called the Fourth Industrial Revolution, along with gene editing and robotics. While it has undoubtedly become an increasingly important part of our daily lives, it must be recognized that it is not an additional tool, but rather a complex concept that poses a variety of challenges. AI, with considerable potential, has found its place in both medical care and clinical research. Within the vast field of pediatrics, it stands out as a particularly promising advancement. As pediatricians, we are indeed witnessing the impactful integration of AI-based applications into our daily clinical practice and research efforts. These tools are being used for simple to more complex tasks such as diagnosing clinically challenging conditions, predicting disease outcomes, creating treatment plans, educating both patients and healthcare professionals, and generating accurate medical records or scientific papers. In conclusion, the multifaceted applications of AI in pediatrics will increase efficiency and improve the quality of healthcare and research. However, there are certain risks and threats accompanying this advancement including the biases that may contribute to health disparities and, inaccuracies. Therefore, it is crucial to recognize and address the technical, ethical, and legal challenges as well as explore the benefits in both clinical and research fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Anatolian Physics & Astronomy is the property of Aves Yayincilik Ltd. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Anatolian Physics & Astronomy is the property of Aves Yayincilik Ltd. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

OBJECTIVEJn Tiirkiye, anti-tobacco legislation (Law No. 4207 on the Prevention and Control of Harms of Tobacco Products) aims to ensure a "tobacco-free" life for current and future generations. Thus, there are observations of violations in the hospitality sector. In this study, we aimed to observe the status of hospitality venues' violation of the law in 11 different cities in Tiirkiye. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This descriptive study examined 772 hospitality venues in Ankara, Burdur, Diyarbakir, Giresun, Hatay istanbul, izmir, Kars, Kayseri, Samsun, and Zonguldak between August 1 and October 10, 2023. The Google Forms survey, Microsoft Excel, and IBM SPSS Statistics (Version 23) programs were used for data collection, entry, and analysis. A logistic regression model was used to understand the associations between non-compliance and the characteristics of the venues. RESULTS: During the observation of indoor spaces, tobacco products were used in 282 venues (37.1%). Non-compliance in bars, pubs, traditional coffee houses, and hookah cafes was statistically significantly higher than in the other venue types [odds ratio (OR)= 3.031,95% confidence interval (Cl): 1.699 to 5.408, P < 0.001 ]. The presence of a retractable roof and/or side wall (OR=5.362, 95% Cl: 3.51 8 to 8.1 73, p < 0.001), later hour observations (OR= 2.120, 95% Cl: 1.399 to 3.212, p < 0.001), and the existence of outdoor venues where smoking is permitted (OR= 3.165, 95% Cl: 2.1 70 to 4.61 7, p < 0.001) also increased indoor violations. CONCLUSION: The findings provided scientific evidence that violations of Turkish anti-tobacco legislation exist in hospitality venues. The public authorities are advised to play their vital role in preventing violations in indoor spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the epidemiological, clinical, and molecular data of mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II) patients and their outcomes using the national registry of patients in the Russian Federation (RF). Materials and Methods: In the retrospective cohort study, the authors included data from the Russian national registry of MPS II. Results: The prevalence of MPS II in RF is 0.62 per 100 000 live births or 0.09 per 100 000 population with the majority of patients in the Central (n = 36) and the Volga Federal District (n = 35). Males were 157 (99.4%), positive MPS II family history had 47 (29.7%) patients. The median age of the first symptoms was 1.8 (0.8-2.6) years, ranging from 0.1 to 19 years, and the age of diagnosis was 4.0 (2.5; 5.9) years, ranging from 0.1 to 38.9 years. A genetic study was available for the analysis in 116 (73.4%) patients. Single nucleotide variants in the IDS gene were found in 98/116 (84.5%) patients, and 18 further patients (15.5%) had gross rearrangements. About 59/98 (60.2%) patients had missense, 15/98 (15.3%) had frame-shift variants, 12/98 (12.2%) had splice site, and 11/98 (11.2%) had nonsense variants. One (1.0%) patient out of 98 patients had a small deletion. Pathogenic, likely pathogenic variants, and variants with uncertain significance were found in 54 (55.1%), 36 (36.7%), and 8 (8.2%) patients, respectively. About 138 (87.3%) patients received enzyme replacement therapy. Conclusion: The prevalence of MPS II in the RF is higher than that in some European countries and closer to the Asian population. The registry is a convenient tool for disease epidemiology and monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to review the value of endoscopic ear surgery as adjunct to microscopic surgery in management of cholesteatoma. It aimed to determine the accessibility of hidden sites and to assess surgical outcomes in cholesteatoma surgery with the adjunct use of an endoscope. An extensive review of literature on PubMed was performed to select studies about the use of an endoscope either as an adjunct to or as a replacement for a microscope in cholesteatoma surgery and studies with comparative surgical outcomes of endoscopic ear surgery and microscopic ear surgery in cholesteatoma surgery. The majority of the studies use endoscopic ear surgery as an adjunct or combined with traditional microscopic ear surgery (observational or operative) while a minority use exclusive transcanal endoscopic cholesteatoma surgery. Endoscopic ear surgery in cholesteatoma provides superior visualization of hidden areas with highest risk for residual cholesteatoma, like the sinus tympani. The use of an endoscope showed reducing residual and recurrence cholesteatoma, especially in canal wall up procedure. Transcanal endoscopic cholesteatoma surgery is minimally invasive and uses a natural access and a step-by-step pursuit of cholesteatoma through the middle ear. This review acknowledges the value of microscopic ear surgery but highlights the benefit of endoscopic ear surgery in cholesteatoma surgery, whether used combined or exclusively, by enhanced visualization and ability to visualize hidden areas for identification and removal of cholesteatoma residues and by so reducing recurrence. Endoscopic ear surgery helps in decision making intraoperatively and in preventing unnecessary tissue removal. However, the microscope affords greater comfort in mastoid drilling and cannot be replaced by the endoscope in all cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alongside the historical use of the microscope, endoscopic ear surgery has been developed for several years. Its advantages are now widely recognized, for example its wider view and its clear superiority to detect "hidden cholesteatoma". However, its use remains restricted to some teams, and its indications and applications are still debated in the otologist community. This review of the literature presents advantages, results, and limitations of both approaches. Moreover, the article highlights current evidence of equivalence or superiority of one of the other approach according to the different otologic surgical procedures. However, more studies about endoscopic ear surgery are required with longer follow-up and larger sample size. Finally, authors proposed a decision-making tree to guide the ear surgeon to the best practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Dissertations play a crucial role in developing research skills and clinical practices and they are required to complete the training program. The transformation of these dissertations into scientific publications is essential for clinicians pursuing academic careers. This study aims to evaluate the dissertations in the field of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery in terms of publication rates and bibliometric parameters, and to analyze these data by making comparisons within and between these fields in Türkiye. Methods: The study included 1273 dissertations in thoracic and cardiovascular surgery registered in the National Thesis Center between 1995 and 2020. Data were obtained from search engines, and bibliometric parameters were collected, including publication status, publication time, research method, author's gender, affiliation, citation count, and journal index. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS, and bibliometric networks were visualized using VOSviewer. Results: The overall publication rate was 39.5%, with thoracic surgery at 37.4% and cardiovascular surgery at 40.4%. Dissertations from universities had higher experimental and prospective study rates (17.2%) compared to training and research hospitals (2.9%), showing a significant difference (P < .001). Male researchers had a higher conversion rate of dissertations into articles (40.9%) compared to female researchers (31.7%) (P = .019). Articles published in SCIE journals had a shorter time to publication (3.7 years) and received more citations compared to other indexes (P < .001). Conclusions: The findings indicate that dissertations in thoracic and cardiovascular surgery in Türkiye have comparable publication rates to other medical specialties, with a significant preference for SCIE journals. The study highlights the need for improved research infrastructure in training hospitals. The higher publication rates and shorter publication periods of experimental studies underscore their scientific value and the motivation of researchers in these fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Anatolian Physics & Astronomy is the property of Aves Yayincilik Ltd. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Modern research in psychiatry is increasingly focusing on the possible identification of potentially useful biomarkers for early and differential diagnosis and patient-tailored therapy. In this context, old and new biomarkers are gaining attention, and bilirubin could represent a low-cost and widespread tool in this regard. In the following paper, we present a case report of a patient with juvenile-onset schizophrenia successfully treated with oral risperidone on 2 separate occasions, whose clinical exacerbation phases overlapped with hyperbilirubinemia peaks, while comfort phases were associated with serum bilirubin within the normal range. The patient was later diagnosed with Gilbert's syndrome, a benign, congenital condition of hyperbilirubinemia, with alternating phases of mostly asymptomatic bilirubin levels. This case highlights a possible relationship between psychotic symptoms and plasma bilirubin levels. While not representing by itself a sufficient condition to determine a relationship between the 2 phenomena, it poses a relevant question for future clinical and research investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conventional protection systems in distribution systems are capable of identifying low-impedance faults since such faults produce high fault current levels. But in a high impedance fault case protection schemes fail to detect a fault due to the fact that such faults do not generate enough fault current to operate conventional protection devices and fuses. This paper presents a novel algorithm for high impedance fault detection in medium voltage distribution systems. The proposed algorithm leverages multi-resolution analysis using discrete wavelet transform analysis for improved reliability and accuracy, extracting d5 coefficients at the transformer secondary terminal of all phases and the neutral, calculating their energies and integrating and calculating the average slope and comparing them to a threshold slope value in order to take the right decision for high impedance fault detection. The research explores the algorithm's effectiveness through extensive testing using MATLAB/Simulink software, demonstrating its potential as a valuable tool for enhancing the reliability of medium voltage distribution systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In ensuring sustainable power delivery under rapid growth in demand, modern power grids are characterized by advanced solutions such as flexible alternating current transmission systems and distributed generation. However, flexible alternating current transmission systems and distributed generations are often planned by their respective system operators, ignoring their coordination and impacting system-wide performance. This paper develops a bi-level optimization approach for flexible alternating current transmission systems and distributed generation coordination in an integrated transmission and distribution network to improve available transfer capability, power losses, and voltage deviation. The approach comprises inner and outer optimization. Inner optimization implements a hybrid of particle swarm optimization and Active Power Flow Performance Index for flexible alternating current transmission systems' planning. At the same time, the outer optimization employs multi-objective particle swarm optimization, which targets distributed generation planning at the distribution network--the integrated transmission and distribution network models' both transmission and distribution section. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed approach, two models of distributed generations, only real power and real and reactive power injections, were separately coordinated with a thyristor-controlled series compensator and static synchronous series compensator. Results show superior available transfer capability enhancement with thyristor-controlled series compensator-power injectionsDG and static synchronous series compensator-power injectionsDG, compared to the non-coordinated scenario. Pareto front plots of available transfer capability, power losses, and voltage deviation are such that after some maximum available transfer capability, the slope of the Pareto approaches zero. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is spreading like wildfire and has posed significant challenges to the delivery of healthcare in all affected countries. Populations worldwide are vulnerable to the virus, which is highly infectious in nature. With the consequential lifestyle changes resulting from lockdown and quarantine, compromised mental health was part of the repercussions that affected most people, including the public, healthcare workers, and those unfortunate ones who fell victim to the COVID-19 infection. This is a narrative review article that aims to dwell into and discuss the impact of COVID-19, focusing on neuropsychiatric implications and the subsequent provision of oral care. Articles were searched from online databases such as MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar, and the keywords used to identify the papers were "COVID-19," "Neuropsychiatry," and "Dental care delivery." Any conventional and effective prevention of oral diseases and self-administered care may be doubtful considering dental care access and delivery are not operating in the usual way during this trying time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A previous version was presented as an oral paper at the Annual National Conference of The Indian Psychiatric Society (ANCIPS), Ranchi, India, 2018. ABSTRACT Intracranial space-occupying lesions (ICSOLs) like hematomas, neoplasms, granulomas, or brain abscesses can present with diverse neuropsychiatric manifestations. Subtle cognitive deficits, anxiety, affective symptoms--especially depression, personality changes, and psychosis, most commonly hallucinations, have been associated with organic etiology. Catatonia has seen a paradigmatic shift in its etiological basis and space-occupying lesion is a rare yet important cause to be investigated for, as it poses a challenge in terms of searching for early clinical indicators of cerebral pathology and difference in treatment outcome due to etiology. Here we present a case of catatonia due to ICSOL in a patient of affective disorder with a history of recurrent catatonic episodes, highlighting the importance of approaching each catatonic presentation as a syndrome with diverse possible etiology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objective is to study to what extent the development of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is associated with assisted conception (AC) and in vitro fertilization (IVF) in a tertiary referral hospital. Materials and Methods: This study is a retrospective observational cohort study. Very-low-birth weight (VLBW) infants with gestational age (GA) <32 weeks or birth weight <1500 g were admitted to the neonatal unit of a tertiary care hospital between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2021. The study determined the degree of ROP developed according to the type of fertilization used for conception. Main outcome measures were ROP prevalence in pregnancies obtained after IVF/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in the period from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2021, in a tertiary hospital. Results: Of the 408 infants included in the study sample, 105 (25.7%) were born following AC and 12.4% of these developed ROP. In our sample, the practice of IVF was not associated with an increase in the incidence of VLBW infants (R² = 0.12; P = .29). Conclusion: Conception achieved via AC or IVF is not significantly associated with ROP in any degree of severity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The purpose of this study is to compare the surgical outcomes of open appendectomy (OA) and laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) for pediatric acute appendicitis in order to guide its future management. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective study including all children under the age of 14 years, who underwent appendectomy for acute appendicitis, during a period of 6 years (2013-2018). We divided our patients in two groups based on the surgical modality: the laparoscopic and open group. P values of less than .05 were considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 690 appendectomies were identified: 151 (22%) were performed laparoscopically and 539 (78%) via laparotomy. The demographic data were comparable between the 2 groups. There was no statistical difference regarding the age, sex. However the frequency of obese patients was higher in laparoscopic approach (P < .001).The mean operative time was significantly longer in the Laparoscopic group (77 ± 39, 6 minutes) compared with Open group (57 ± 27 minutes) (P < .001). Prophylactic drain placement was significantly more common in the open appendectomy group (P = .034). Patients undergoing laparoscopic appendectomy experienced a quicker recovery to apyrexia, reduced use of postoperative analgesics, and postoperative antibiotic compared to those undergoing open appendectomy (P < .05). The mean length of hospital stay was respectively 4 ± 1 day in LA group and 4 ± 2 days in the OA group. No significant difference was observed. The results showed no significant difference between the 2 groups regarding the incidence of wound infection, intra abdominal abscess, intestinal obstruction and umbilical hernia (P > .05).There was no death in this study. Conclusion: Laparoscopic appendectomy is safe and feasible for the management of appendicitis without significant influence on the complications rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: The Turkish Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) 2017 revealed that 17.9% of students aged 13-15 used tobacco products and 7.7% smoked cigarettes. Given the high prevalence of smoking, it is important to evaluate the factors associated with quit attempts among adolescents. This study aimed to identify the factors associated with Turkish adolescents' attempts to quit smoking using Structural Equation Model (SEM) analyses. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study utilized the data from GYTS 2017, which is a cross-sectional, nationally representative, schoolbased study carried out below 18-year-olds. The study population (n = 18 985) consisted of students who had smoked cigarettes within the past year. After excluding inconsistent responses, 9735 students remained for the analysis. The outcome was an attempt to quit smoking within the past year. Structural Equation Model (SEM) was used for data analysis. The model had good fit (CFI = 0.917, TLI = 0.900, RMSEA = 0.032). RESULTS: Of the 9735 students, 66.4% were male. In the past 12 months, 56.3% (95%CI: 55.3%-57.3%) of smokers attempted to quit. Exposure to anti-tobacco policies (β = 0.114. P < .001) had positive direct effects, whereas sociodemographic factors (β = -0.086. P < .001), nicotine dependency (β = -0.037. P = .008) and exposure to second-hand smoke (β = -0.051. P < .001) had negative direct effects on quit attempts. CONCLUSION: More than half of the smokers attempted to quit, and nicotine dependence predicted quit attempts. Exposure to secondhand smoke decreased cessation attempts. Anti-tobacco policies such as sale restrictions and warnings of the dangers of tobacco products should be given high priority and enforced fully since they are the strongest predictors of quit attempts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AIM: This study aims to retrospectively evaluate the incidence and stage of oral mucositis in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. METHODS: A total of 102 patient records of patients hospitalized between 2014 and 2019 in the adult hematopoietic stem cell transplantation clinic of a tertiary university hospital in Turkey were evaluated. Data were collected through a retrospective evaluation of patient records. Records made according to the WHO Oral Toxicity Scale included in the patient records during hospitalization in the adult hematopoietic stem cell transplantation clinic were evaluated. Oral mucositis data from recordings were analyzed at baseline, and on days 5, 10, 15, and 30). RESULTS: 96.1% (n = 98) of 102 patients developed oral mucositis; only 10.7% had Grade 3, and 2.7% had Grade 4. Oral mucositis development time was 8.28 ± 0.32 days, and recovery time was 14.25 ± 0.78 days. It was determined that smoking, diagnosis, transplantation type, and preparatory regimen affected the oral mucositis healing process. CONCLUSION: While the incidence of oral mucositis in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in our study was similar to be similar with the reported findings in the literature, the proportions of Grade 3 and 4 oral mucositis were lower in our study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AIM: This research aimed to assess the financial literacy levels of healthcare professionals working at a Provincial Health Directorate and examine their relationships with various financial domains. METHODS: The study utilized a cross-sectional online survey. The financial literacy scale was employed to assess the financial knowledge and compentencies of healthcare professionals, providing a structured evaluation of their understandig across various financial domains. Statistical analyses, including correlation analysis, independent samples t-test, and one-way ANOVA, were performed using SPSS-25 and R programs. RESULTS: A total of 240 participants took part, comprising 52.1% males and 47.9% females, aged between 20 and 65 years. Younger healthcare professionals (p=.017) and males (p=.001) demonstrated higher financial literacy levels. Significant correlations were found between financial literacy and domains such as investment instruments, debt and risk management, and personal finance management. Weak but positive relationships were observed between financial literacy and digital assets, indicating emerging trends in digital finance awareness. For instance, males exhibited higher proficiency in investment instruments and debt management, while younger professionals displayed higher knowledge in investment areas. CONCLUSION: The findings underscore the importance of targeted financial education for healthcare professionals, highlighting the need for sector-specific training programs. Enhanced financial literacy is essential for improving financial decision-making, ultimately benefiting both personal financial well-being and professional performance in the healthcare sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AIM: To determine the effect of kangaroo mother care (KMC) on perfusion index, heart rate, and oxygen saturation in premature infants who were discharged early and admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in the following days. METHODS: This study has a randomized controlled experimental design and uses a pretest--posttest control group model. This study included infants between December 2019 and December 2020 who were discharged early and subsequently admitted to the NICU. Experimental (n = 38) and control (n = 38) groups were assigned using the simple randomization technique at the NICU of a private university hospital in Istanbul, Türkiye. Heart rate, perfusion index, and oxygen saturation levels of the experimental group in which KMC was applied and the control group in which KMC was not applied were compared. Measurements of these parameters were made at 15-minute intervals for 45 minutes (0--1, 15, 30, 45 minutes). Data were collected via the Mother and Infant Introductory Information Form, Kangaroo Mother Care Preparation Checklist, Kangaroo Mother Care Physiological Parameter Monitoring Form, and Noninvaziv Pulse Co-Oximetry. Statistics of these data were performed with the independent sample t-test, Pearson's Chi-square, Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: In the experimental and control groups, infants' gestational age (31.11 ± 3.25 and 31.61 ± 3.04, respectively; p = .491) and weight (1778.29 ± 436.93 and 1953.29 ± 345.74, respectively; p = .057) were similar, and the differences were statistically insignificant. Before KMC, there was no difference between the heart rate, oxygen saturation, and perfusion index values of the experimental and control groups (p > .05). From the first 15 minutes after the application of KMC to 45 minutes post-KMC, there was a significant decrease in (p = 0.001) and stabilization of heart rate and oxygen saturation in the experimental group compared with the control group. The heart rates in the experimental group at 15th, 30th, and 45th minutes during KMC were lower than in the control group (147.63 ± 11.04; 142.47 ± 11.94; 136.82 ± 13.22 and 153.13 ± 8.73; 154.50 ± 7.27; 154.84 ± 7.05, respectively). Also, their oxygen saturation during KMC was higher than in the control group (96.68 ± 2.08; 97.24 ± 2.18; 97.87 ± 1.66 and 94.79 ± 1.27; 94.66 ± 1.45; 94.39 ± 1.38, respectively). This significant difference between KMC on heart rate and oxygen saturation in the experimental group compared to the control group continued for 45 minutes after KMC. The perfusion index was significantly higher at 30 minutes and 45 minutes during KMC. However, although it continued after KMC, this change in perfusion index was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Kangaroo mother care helps to regulate the heart rate, oxygen saturation, and perfusion index of premature infants who were discharged early and admitted to the NICU in the following days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents a comparative analysis of coupled and uncoupled inductors within an interleaved boost converter. The study includes the derivation of steady-state variables and magnetic equations for each inductor configuration. To mitigate input current ripple issues in the conventional boost converter, interleaving techniques are employed. Additionally, the volume concerns associated with interleaving are addressed through the application of inductor coupling techniques. An interleaved boost converter topology with an input voltage of 200 V, an output voltage of 400 V, and a power rating of 3700 W has been designed with different inductor configurations. The advantages and disadvantages of each configuration have been comparatively analyzed. The utilization of coupled inductors results in a more compact, efficient, and cost-effective design when contrasted with the uncoupled configuration. The magnetic flux densities of each inductor configuration are compared to evaluate performance outcomes. To ensure accurate core loss calculations in ANSYS Maxwell, core loss coefficients provided by the manufacturer were not directly used. Instead, new coefficients were derived by generating data sets at five different frequencies. The finite element method (FEM) is used for the analysis of the proposed inductors, and analytical loss calculations are validated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rise in energy costs and growing environmental concerns are driving investments in energy-saving technologies, particularly in the maritime industry, including fishing, marine operations, and shipbuilding. Shaft generators are highly favored for their ease of installation, cost-effectiveness, reliability, and low maintenance costs as an energy production system of choice. These systems are well-suited to meet the energy demands of military vessels. As current energy costs and environmental pressures continue to escalate, shaft generators are recognized as pivotal technologies supporting energy conservation efforts. This study provides a comprehensive comparative analysis of the design and energy efficiency of two different shaft generator models employed on military ships. Using ANYSYS/Maxwell for design and analysis, the study evaluates power, torque, and efficiency across both models. The results emphasize that the efficiency of a shaft generator depends mainly on two factors: the number of motor poles and the operating frequency of the system. Moreover, the efficiency tends to decrease as the number of motor poles increases, but it improves as the system frequency rises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Insights gained during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has underscored the critical role played by both innate and adaptive immune responses in determining the severity of diseases. This newfound understanding holds significant potential to bring about a paradigm shift in the diagnosis, treatment, and management of autoimmune conditions. Advanced technologies that are emerging in the field are expected to play a pivotal role in this transformation. These include the utilization of multi-omics analysis to stratify disease states, the application of precision medicine through the integration of digital technologies, and the implementation of telemedicine to bridge existing regional disparities in healthcare provision. The objective of this descriptive review is to offer a detailed overview of reclassifying cytokine storm diseases, explore the use of machine learning methodologies in autoimmune diseases, and highlight the importance of incorporating telemedicine and innovative prevention strategies into the management of rheumatoid arthritis. Through this review, we aim to present the most recent research findings and expert insights, and discuss the future prospects and directions in these areas of research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with depression in approximately 15% of patients, most of whom have been studied using questionnaires. As the depression questionnaire includes questions about physical symptoms, caution should be exercised when interpreting the results due to an underlying disease. In addition, few studies have been conducted on other psychiatric disorders. Here, we examined the validity of diagnosing rheumatoid arthritis complicated by psychiatric disorders using a questionnaire. Methods: Forty-nine outpatients with RA who consented to participate in this study were included. The patient background information included age, sex, type of anti-rheumatic drug, prednisolone use, presence of diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and C-reactive protein. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) questionnaires were used; scores of =10 on the PHQ-9 and =16 on the CES-D were considered the cut-off. The psychiatrist was blinded to the questionnaire results and arrived at a diagnosis based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV (DSM) in a separate room. Additionally, the specificity and sensitivity of the PHQ-9 and CES-D were examined. Results: Eleven patients had abnormal psychiatric diagnoses. The PHQ-9 had a specificity of 0.98, a sensitivity of 0.36, a positive predictive value of 0.80, and a negative predictive value of 0.89. The CES-D had a specificity of 0.87, a sensitivity of 0.91, a positive predictive value of 0.51, and a negative predictive value of 0.98. Conclusion: The PHQ-9 and CES-D may help screen for psychiatric disorders associated with RA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to compare oral care with suction sponge swabs and standard sponge swabs to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Methods: This research was a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design. The study sample consisted of 57 adult patients who remained intubated. Routine oral care was applied to the patients in group I using 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate solution and oral care stick 4 times a day for 7 days at 6-hour intervals. Oral care was given to the patients in group II using a suction swab and 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate solution 4 times a day for 7 days. Every morning for 7 days, the intraoral mucosa of all groups of patients was assessed. The tracheal aspirate culture sample was taken from the patients after 48 hours and 7 days. The same forms for the posttest data of both groups were filled out 7 days later. The data were evaluated using the single-blind study. Results: Fewer patients developed VAP in group II than in group I. However, the superiority of 2 oral care materials in preventing VAP was not statistically significant (P > .05). In addition, regular care given to both groups was oral, and its effectiveness on mucosa was statistically significant (P < .05). Conclusion: Regular oral care positively affects the oral mucosal condition. Standard oral care sticks and suction oral care sticks are essential for providing oral hygiene for patients in the intensive care unit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The temporal bone and mandible, an articular disc, a number of ligaments, and numerous related muscles make up the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) which is a unique joint that not only permits sliding motion of the surfaces in one plane but also is the only joint where both the joints work together to create the bicondylar articulation. The American Academy of Orofacial Pain defines TMDs (temporomandibular joint disorders) as an umbrella term that covers a set of musculoskeletal and neuromuscular conditions involving the masticatory musculature, the TMJ, and/or their associated structures with several etiologies ranging from inflammation to degenerative diseases causing muscle spasm and fatigue. Since TMDs (temporomandibular joint disorders) involve muscular, skeletal, and disc components, the imaging modalities used for diagnosis should be inclusive of these components. For the sake of understanding the imaging of the joint can be categorized into modalities to visualize soft and hard tissues. Due to the involvement of both soft tissue and osseous components in TMJ disorders, it is important to carefully evaluate patients and choose the best investigative modality, as they are becoming more prevalent. The present narrative review focuses on the different imaging modalities used in temporomandibular joint disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study addresses the theoretical and practical knowledge gap concerning traumatic dental injuries (TDI) within the medical education curriculum and among medical practitioners. The significance of addressing this gap is heightened by the fact that many TDI cases present to hospital emergency departments, where physicians often lack sufficient knowledge and experience in TDI management. Studies indicate significant deficiencies in educational programs in this regard, which consequently limit the capacity for emergency intervention. Therefore, the authors propose the integration of dental trauma education into the medical curriculum, expanding it to encompass both theoretical knowledge and practical applications. Diversified teaching methodologies are recommended to transmit this topic to medical students, including simulation-based learning, online courses, and interdisciplinary collaborations. It is believed that these approaches will increase students' learning effectiveness and enable them to make more competent interventions in emergencies. As a result, integrating dental trauma education into the medical curriculum is expected to improve the quality of patient care in emergency medicine by enhancing clinicians' clinical skills. The need for integrating this topic into the curriculum underscores the necessity of enriching medical education with a multidisciplinary approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects and outcomes of the hybrid education model, which became widespread during the pandemic period, on medical students with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms. Methods: A thorough sociodemographic data form and the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) were distributed to 531 medical students for this cross-sectional study. The students were contacted via online platforms and offered to complete the form using a Google Forms survey application. Results: It was shown that the individuals in the group with probable ADHD were less motivated outside of the university (P=.002), experienced greater difficulty focusing and paying attention (P < .001), and spent more time in front of screens outside of the classroom (P=.001). Similarly, negative affect scores related to eating habits were higher in the group with probable ADHD (P=.005). Moreover, physical complaints were found to be more frequent in the probable ADHD group (P=<.001). Conclusion: The findings of the present study corroborate the strong negative correlation that existed during the COVID-19 pandemic between ADHD symptoms and satisfaction with the educational system. Low motivation, concentration problems, poor eating habits, physical complaints, and more screen time have all been linked to symptoms of ADHD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we provide an update on autism spectrum disorder (ASD), including epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, clinical presentation, instrumental investigations, early signs, onset patterns, neuropsychological hypotheses, treatments, and long-term outcome. The prevalence of this condition has increased enormously over the last few decades. This increase prompted a search for possible environmental factors whose effects would add up to a genetic predisposition leading to the development of autism. But the genetic and environmental variables involved are extremely numerous, and conclusive data regarding the etiopathogenesis are still far away. Assuming that a well-defined etiology is still found today only in a minority of cases, numerous pathogenetic mechanisms have been hypothesized. Among these, we mention oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, alteration of the intestinal microbiota, immune dysregulation, and neuroinflammation. These pathogenetic mechanisms could alter epigenetic status and gene expression, finally leading to ASD. Inherent in the term spectrum is the great clinical heterogeneity of this condition, mainly due to the frequent comorbidity that characterizes it. The earlier the diagnosis is made and the earlier psychoeducational treatment begins, the better the prognosis. In this sense, the role of pediatricians can be decisive in making children with signs suggestive of autism undergo a specialist diagnostic course. The development of increasingly advanced cognitive-behavioral educational techniques has considerably improved the prognosis of affected individuals, even though only a small minority of them come off the autistic spectrum. Pharmacological therapies are used to treat comorbidities. During childhood, the most important prognostic factor for long-term outcome seems to be intellectual functioning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing demand for sustainable energy solutions has sparked a growing interest in solar power plants (SPPs) as a viable option for reducing reliance on conventional energy sources. With the integration of SPP, the potential arises for a decrease in grid dependency during the day and improved stability in demand-side load profiles. To enhance the contribution of SPP toward sustainable energy solutions, it is crucial to explore effective load management strategies, including peak clipping. This paper investigates peak clipping as one of the demand-side management (DSM) techniques facilitated by SPP. The objective of this study is to provide comprehensive insights into the practical application of peak clipping techniques and their impact on improving the load factor (LF). To achieve this objective, the analysis in this study utilizes real data derived from an operational SPP located in the central campus of Manisa Celal Bayar University. To evaluate the impact of SPP on peak clipping and LF, a series of diverse case studies which encompass a range of campus scenarios are undertaken. The aim is to thoroughly analyze and understand how SPP systems affect peak clipping and LF under different circumstances. The analysis reveals significant improvements in LF resulting from the integration of the SPP, ranging from 1.04% to 10.62%. Results show that transition to online education and reduced campus population positively impacted LF during coronavirus disease 2019 compared to pre-pandemic times. These findings align with the dynamics of the campus lifestyle and underscore the favorable effects of these factors on LF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper was to provide a concise review of modern standards in the management of unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP). This article can be used as a proposal for unilateral vocal fold paralysis treatment and as a possible indication for referral to a tertiary laryngology center. Unilateral vocal fold paralysis is a common condition, mainly caused by iatrogenic, neoplastic, or idiopathic causes. The initial treatment consists of vocal therapy with or without injection laryngoplasty. If voice impairment persists, a permanent reconstruction is usually proposed, mainly consisting of an adduction thyroplasty with or without arytenoid adduction or, to a lesser extent, laryngeal reinnervation, according to the patient's wishes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dental fluorosis is a specific disturbance in enamel formation that leads to subsurface porosity during the late secretory and maturation phases due to excessive fluoride ingestion. The conventional management of teeth discolored by fluorosis involves performing vital tooth bleaching, microabrasion, placement of veneers or crowns, etc. The ultimate choice of treatment is based on the severity of the disease. This paper highlights a clinical case of generalized mild fluorosis treated using the resin infiltration technique, thus reviewing the mechanism of action and clinical procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dynamic sinonasal douchemaneuver is a unique maneuver that can be applied both inside the nose and to all sinuses due to the integrity of the mucosa of the nose and paranasal sinuses. This dynamic maneuver can be used as part of the treatment of nasal and paranasal sinus diseases by ensuring that the fluid taken into the nose reaches the sinuses with appropriate positioning and the patient's nasal breathing movements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Estimating the state of charge (SOC) of a battery in the lithium-ion batteries used in hybrid vehicles is of high significance to ensure safe operation and to prevent overmuch charging and discharging. Despite the great importance of the parameter SOC, this parameter cannot be directly measured from the battery terminals. Thus, there is the need to estimate it. So far, various methods for estimating the SOC of lithium-ion batteries have been introduced. In this paper, by using the estimator of recursive least squares, firstly, the battery parameters are estimated and calculated and also the modified particle filter has been used for estimating the SOC of the battery. The standard particle filter has the problem of particle degeneracy phenomenon that decreases the estimation accuracy. Thus, in modified filter based PSO, the difference evolutionary algorithm (DEA) and Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) applied to the standard PF that causes the estimation of SOC more accurate and consistent. To obtain an accurate and reliable method for estimating SOC, the desired battery must be modeled that in this paper, the first order resistor capacitor (RC) model has been used to have the high accuracy and low calculation complexity. This model is able to model the dynamic behavior of battery and for this reason it is suitable for hybrid vehicles application. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, this method is compared with other methods that results represent the effective performance of the proposed method compared to other methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]