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Looks at measures being taken by the US Treasury Department's Bureau of Engraving and Printing (BEP) to prevent counterfeiting of American paper money. The redesigned $100 bill; Technological innovations which are making it more difficult to tell a forged bill from a genuine one, including high-quality color copiers. INSETS: Getting less than you paid for, by D. Christensen;The new currency sports several security-enhancing features.

The article focuses on wildfires in the western U.S. and its impact on health of people due to a rare fungal infection. It mentions that Leda Kobziar, a fire ecologist at the University of Idaho in Moscow, examined how microorganisms like bacteria and fungi are transported by wildfire smoke. Kobziar's team identified 10 types of bacteria and fungi based on DNA tests. Kobziar informed that even in smoke from high-temperature fires, about 60 percent of bacterial and fungal cells were alive.

Reports the concerns of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency on the risk of dioxin on health. Toxicity of dioxin and furan; Incidence of cancer; Contamination of dioxin in food packaging materials. INSETS: How much dioxin did you consume today?;Anatomy of a dioxin and a furan.

The article focuses on the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on college campuses in the U.S. It is noted that universities that opened their campuses in the fall 2020 experienced an uncharted, experiment in infection control. Some universities that opened in the fall included the University of Wisconsin–Madison, University of Washington, Seattle and Rice University, Houston. It mentions that at the University of Wisconsin, many students tested positive when campus opened in late August 2020.

The article explores in 2021, the second summer of a different pandemic with many heartbreaking parallels, Brood X cicadas again sent people in the eastern United States onto their lawns in wonder, or into hiding from the mini projectiles and their high-decibel din.

The article offers profiles of young scientists, including condensed matter physicist Andrea Young, neural engineer Maryam Shanechi and astrochemist Brett McGuire.

Provides information on the use of cellulose by researchers at the University of Texas in Austin, as the main ingredient for making electronic paper. Typical strategy for making e-paper; Goal of the researchers for using cellulose; Paper-making process through the use of cellulose.

Investigates the pervasiveness of dioxin contamination in the paper manufacturing industry in the U.S. Use of a chlorine pulp-bleaching process in paper mills; Identification of which bleaching steps are important in dioxin formation.

Reports on the recommendation made by a panel from the U.S. National Academy of Sciences on the proper storage of data printed on paper and kept by the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration. Transfer of records on acid-free paper or microfilm; Rejection of magnetic or optical storage; Institution of a screening process to check conditions of paper.

Reports on steps taken by the U.S. federal government to block the presentation of about 100 unclassified scientific papers at the 26th Annual International Technical Symposium of the Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) in San Diego on August 22, 1982. Reason for withdrawal of the papers; Concerns of executive director of SPIE on the number of papers involved and swiftness of government's actions.

The article discusses efforts to avoid cognitive bias attributable to humans in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine-learning algorithms. An overview of the biases in algorithms' predictions of African Americans' committing drug crimes, in which they were erroroneously predicted to commit more crimes than whites, is provided.

The article discusses the controversy surrounding two virology studies that found a mutated version of the H5N1 avian influenza virus could be transmitted to mammals through the air which includes one by Ron Fouchier at Erasmus Medical Center in the Netherlands and one by Yoshihiro Kawaoka at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. The debate regarding a recommendation against publishing the research by the U.S. National Science Advisory Board on Biosecurity (NSABB) is presented.

Reports on the removal of some sensitive sections form the paper presented by Charles A. Zraket, executive vice president of The MITRE Corp. in Bedford, Massachusetts by the U.S. Department of Defence. Reasons for the removal; Views of Zraket on the removal; Topic discussed in the paper.

The article focuses on aspects of the increase of suicide rates in the U.S., particularly among veterans and members of the armed forces. Topics discussed include the interpersonal theory of suicide was introduced by psychologist Thomas Joiner in 2005, various predictors of suicide, like the limits of depression and mental illness, and the future for treatments that target emotions, such as guilt, in soldiers who are at risk to act on their suicidal behavior.

Focuses on the knowledge and use of astronomy by early Americans. Evidence offered by astronomers about the astronomical devices used by early Americans; Classification of the sun-watching sites in Chaco Canyon, the center of Pueblo Indian culture; Reference to a research paper by Stephen C. McCluskey published in 'Journal for the History of Astronomy' about solstice markers used in New Mexico and Arizona.

This article probes the issues and controversies surrounding the scientific and medical research conducted by immunologist Thereza Imanishi-Kari, molecular biologist David Baltimore and colleagues in the U.S. Scientists reading the April 25, 1986 issue of "CELL" journal were surprised by one research team's bold report. Imanishi-Kari, Baltimore and their colleagues described experiments with mice that had been engineered to carry a foreign gene. When the researchers examined immune-system cells from the transgenic mice, they found large amounts of a type of antibody displaying the characteristic chemical signature, or idiotype, of the foreign gene. That would have been a routine finding if the team had also determined that in most cases the inserted gene had turned on and directed these cells to produce the antibody it encoded. Instead, they reported that the foreign gene was not turned on in most of the cells, but rather it had somehow influenced the mouse's own genes to mimic the foreign gene's idiotype. In other words, many of the mouse's own genes apparently gained the ability to direct immune-system cells to produce copycat antibodies carrying the signature of the inserted gene. This unprecedented finding, later dubbed idiotypic mimicry, provided the central conclusion of the paper. And it was precisely that conclusion that Margot O'Toole, a postdoctoral scientist working with the same mice under Imanishi-Kari's supervision, challenged in May of 1986. INSET: The question of confirmation..

Focuses on a pair of studies conducted by the U.S. Bureau of Mines to analyze the quantity and source of heavy metals in wastes from Washington, D.C. and urban regions in Maryland, Florida and Oklahoma. Amount of waste paper and plastics discarded annually; Comparison of antimony, mercury and arsenic concentrations found in municipal solid wastes and those found in Eastern coal.

The article discusses the geological impact of deep underground storage of carbon dioxide (CO2) produced from fossil fuel-fired power plants. Topics include data on cumulative earthquakes in the eastern and central U.S. between 1970 and 2013, induced seismicity from hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, and tests of the deep carbon storage of CO2 generated by agribusiness company Archer Daniels Midland (ADM) in Decatur, Illinois. INSET: When the Earth moves.

Focuses on the study conducted by the American Physical Society (APS) on the feasibility of directed-energy weapons. Distinction between directed energy weapons and kinetic energy weapons; Major technical criticisms on the APS study; Destruction of incoming missiles by beaming energy into them.

The article discusses marijuana. Topics include research that suggests marijuana is less dangerous than highly addictive drugs such as heroin, but not harmless, the physiological effects of marijuana on various regions of the brain, how marijuana's major psychoactive ingredient tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) affects the brain protein cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1), the role the concept of addiction plays in the legalization debate, and marijuana's effect on the teenage brain.

Focuses on the use of kenaf as a material for newsprint in the U.S. paper-pulp mills. Characteristics of kenaf; Quality of kenaf paper; Advantages of processing kenaf.

Deals with a method developed by Chaomei Chen of Drexel University in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania for effectively visualizing a network of nodes and links, by reducing the number of links that must be shown and appropriately weighting the remaining ones while still preserving a given network's basic structure. One way to try to get a handle on what is happening in a scientific field; Information on the botulinum toxin research; Description of Chen's computer program called CITESPACE.

An interview is provided with Maya Ajmera, Society for Science and the Public chief executive officer (CEO). When asked about her competition in the Intel International Science and Engineering Fair (ISEF), she comments on her developing a love of science during the competition. She discusses her efforts as a high school student to work at a University of California, Davis laboratory. When asked about her ISEF project, she comments on research in preventing forest fires.

Reports that the decision taken by the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) to halt the presentation of about 100 scientific papers at the Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers meeting has resulted in confusion regarding clearance procedures. Withdrawal of the clearance given to participant Robert M. Silva for presenting three papers on scattering in optical materials; Importance of Silva's papers for the DOD.

The article discusses information reported online September 24, 2009 in three papers in "Science" on findings of water on the lunar surface and in volcanic rock. The findings are said to indicate that more liquid water may be available to future human explorers of the moon than previously thought. The likely concentration of water in sunlit lunar soil is noted. Researcher Roger N. Clark of the U.S. Geological Society and coauthor of two of the mentioned papers is cited.

The article discusses predictions of scientists and science writers on science-related news stories in 2019, including the Parker Solar Probe's reaching the sun in August 2019 and China's plan to land a spacecraft on the moon in 2019. Topics, including regulation of the gene-editing technology CRISPR/Cas9, water pollution in the U.S. from polyfluoroalkyl substances, or PFAS, and safety standards for driverless vehicles, are discussed.

States that several teams of geologists have pieced together enough evidence to show that a large earthquake hit Seattle about 1,000 years ago. Impact on hazard planners in the area; Five related papers in the December 4, 1992 issue of `Science' magazine; Comment from geologist Robert C. Bucknam of the US Geological Survey in Denver; Study of a raised terrace at Restoration Point on Puget Sound; More.

Reports on the congressional investigations made regarding scientific fraud and misconduct in Washington D.C. Question over a study on insertion of foreign genes into immune cells in mouse; Citation of the misleading information found in the paper; Allegation of altering laboratory notes.

The article reports on a study published in the September 10, 2013 issue of "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences" by evolutionary biologist Daniele Fanelli and epidemiologist John Ioannidis on evidence of bias and statistical exaggerations in behavioral research papers. They looked at meta-analyses of research in behavioral, genetics, and biobehavioral fields from the U. S., Europe and Asia, finding a higher rate of overestimation in behavioral research by American authors.

The article focuses on a study published in the "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences" in July 16, 2018 which shows that wildfires have worsened extreme air pollution in U.S. northwest. Topics include smoke from blazes ravaging western states stated to have counteracted clean air improvements, and over the same period of time, smog and haze has tended to decrease across the rest of the country.

This article reports on the decision made by the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) to release the names of the two scientists who joined its ongoing inquiry into the allegations of scientific misconduct and fraud surrounding a research paper published in the April 25, 1986 issue of Cell. The paper described a novel mechanism for immune system regulation. Stewart Sell, an immunologist at the University of Texas Health Science Center in Houston, Texas, and William R. McClure, a biochemist at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, joined the original three-member panel in October 1989 and are now actively investigating the dispute, Suzanne W. Hadlet, acting director of the Office of Scientific Integrity of NIH. NIH initially refused to release their names because of the extreme publicity surrounding the dispute. The original panel released a report in February 1989 that cleared the cell coauthors of fraud, misconduct, manipulation of data, or serious conceptual errors. But NIH reopened its inquiry in April 1989 as allegations continued to surface, including congressional testimony from Secret Service agents who reported that someone had altered dates on laboratory pages describing key experiments published in the scientific paper.

Reports on the discovery of trace quantities of the most toxic dioxin and furan in milk in the U.S. Contamination of consumer paper products used in the packaging of milk by the toxins; Migration of toxic chemicals from bleached paper cartons into milk; Risk of developing cancer.

The article discusses research by neuroscientists James Giordano and Rachel Wurzman published online October 31, 2011 in "Synesis" on the use of brain-based technologies in warfare. The paper explains the emerging technologies such as supersoldiers and argues the U. S. should support neuroscience research in the interest of national intelligence and security. Ethical and legal issues associated with using neuroweapons are also discussed.

Information is provided on a paper presented at the August 2010 meeting of the American Sociological Association by sociologist Robert Sampson. The presentation addressed U.S. criminal justice statistics during the past 15 years that show a drop in crime rates, but a steep rise in prison populations.

The article presents a study which examines the wateriness of the lunar interior in 2010. The suggests that, opposite to recent work, the lunar interior is as bone-dry as scientists believed 40 years ago, when the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) astronauts carried home the first moon rocks. New analysis of chlorine in the rocks studied show that the moon comprises of only one--10,000 thousand to one-100,000 thousand the water that the interior of the Earth does.

The article discusses emerging statistical methods for assessing baseball fielding skill, as reported at the 2009 Joint Statistical Meetings in August 2009. New York Mets statistician Benjamin Baumer is cited regarding a discrete model that divides the field into zones. Statistician Shane Jensen and his paper in the June 2009 issue of "Applied Statistics" is cited regarding a proposed method that models the field as a smooth, continuous playing surface.

This article reveals the number of traffic accidents occurred in the U.S. from January 1, 1975 through December 31, 2003. The Department of Transportation reported 1,284,629 traffic accidents during the period. The sex differences in the accident cases are examined. Male fatalities outnumber female fatalities by a factor of 3 or more. The scientific conclusions on the sex differences are stated in this article.

Reveals that the study of prime numbers has long been a central part of number theory. Definition of prime numbers; Rules as applied to primes, p and composite numbers, nm; Remarks from Linda Westrick, a high school senior at Maggie L. Walker Governor's School in Richmond, Virginia regarding the study of the number derivative.

The article reports that teenagers are more likely to major in science in college if their science classes are full of interested students. Zahra Hazari and her colleagues asked college students in the U.S. to fill out a survey. They found that if students remembered their high school science classmates as enthusiastic, they had more chance of pursuing STEM career.

The article reports on the invention of a skin patch for influenza vaccination, while the patch are studded with tiny needles that dissolve in the skin to offer painless influenza prevention. It mentions effectiveness of the patches and how it can boost U.S. vaccination rates. It also presents the views of vaccine researcher Myron Levine on the same.

The article presents a list of stories selected by the editor for 2016, which includes stress in adolescents due to lack of sleep and confronting disagreements, rise of hate incidents due to racism in the U.S., and discovery of gravity waves which was predicted by scientist Albert Einstein.

The article focuses on racism in the U.S. after the election of Donald Trump as U.S. presidents. It states that racism victimizes children and adults. It also explores the effect of racism on the mental health of those hated, threatened or attacked because of their color or roots. Also mentioned are how discrimination may emerge and the negative effects of racism.

Highlights the paper presented at the 1979 Particle Accelerator Conference in San Francisco, California, regarding Japan's experiments on electron accelerators synchrotron. Japan's plan to construct a new accelerator, called Tristan; Project under construction for the study of synchrotron radiation.

Highlights the paper presented at the 1979 Particle Accelerator Conference in San Francisco, California, proposing methods to reduce noise problems in free-electron lasers (FEL). Features of FEL; Technological innovations in the field of FEL; Important applications of FEL.

Reports on the agreement reached between geodesists and physical oceanographers on the slope of the sea level along the west coast of the U.S. Presentation of a paper by Bruce Douglas of the National Ocean Survey that might settle the dispute; Contention of geologists regarding the direction of the Pacific Ocean slopes since a survey in 1920; Results of oceanographers' verification of geologists' claims regarding the slopes.

Reports that U.S. geophysicists have successfully forecasted the main earthquake, its precursors and aftershocks in the Oaxaca area in southern Mexico according to a special paper delivered at a meeting of the American Geophysical Union in San Francisco. Universities involved in the research; Analysis of two distinct phases of activity before a major earthquake.

Reports on the creation of a strain of the fungus Trichoderma that can convert wood, paper, cloth and plant materials into ethanol, by industrial chemists at the Rutgers University in New Jersey. Method adopted by the chemists during the creation process; Potential industrial application of the research; Comparison of the process with other similar processes used for production of ethanol.

Announces that physicists at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab) in Illinois observed data deviations which suggest that quarks may be made up of still smaller building blocks. The data from an analysis of debris scattered from high-energy collisions between protons and antiprotons; A report from members of the team that operate the Collider Detector at Fermilab in a paper submitted to `Physical Review Letters.'

Reports that the Department of Energy announced that it will gradually declassify information related to its inertial-confinement fusion program. Four papers in the October 24, 1994 issue of `Physical Review Letters' which reveal details of experiments conducted over the last few years involving the powerful Nova laser at the Lawrence Livermore (Calif.) National Laboratory.

Discusses the work of researchers at the Argonne National Laboratory who fashioned what is thought to be the firest radiation detector designed to scan paper. Use of this device to assay 1,504 archived notebooks; Discovery of World War II-era technical notebooks that probably carried radioactive contamination.