Search

Drawing on recent European research (a thirty-two-case project inquiring into the decision processes surrounding permits for major private European development projects--Czech Republic two, England eleven, France five, Germany two, Hungary two, Italy five, Netherlands five) this article confronts the values, choices, and conduct seen as being involved in land and resource development. Viewing progressive changes in government, business, and social mores as unwillingly encouraging an operating environment of unexpected and justified license, it prompts real estate professionals to consider how the emerging imperative of sustainability will affect ethical standards and, through them, development practices. Conceiving development processes as driven by accountancy economics, (an economics primarily concerned with profit and loss and balance sheet calculation rather than wider capital considerations), it argues that these are prone to overlook many other forms of capital. Often marked by the common pursuit of cash profits, jobs, and monetary wealth. these include social, welfare, community, cultural, and various forms of resource, capital. By definition, planning is concerned with futures. By default it appears lo have become little more than a cipher for short-term political goals. Regulatory regimes, designed to protect rights and freedoms, are regularly being overridden and (national) open local government replaced by covert, elitist decision-making practices. Placing democracy and due process under threat, a form of municipal entrepreneurialism may be emerging. This shows Yiftachel's (1996) dark side of development control lo facilitate not just social engineering but private profiteering. With no one to speak for the environment. Agenda 21 sustainability and subsidiarity (the principle adopted by the European Union that decision all should be taken at the lowest possible level) seen only of interest to cities if they serve the same ends. In the face of this, it is argued, real estate professionals have a moral obligation to protect land and resources for the benefit of countless future generations. To ignore this duty may prejudice the existence of both. Thus, with current ethics in the property industry seen as a sham, a means to replace or renew them is suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we have briefly presented a general model for the Out-Of-Shelf, examined the results of the European Out-Of-shelf Index, which addresses only fast-moving items, and briefly presented our method of work for the development of a new algorithm that could capture more OOS cases. Yet, the development of precise association rules is a matter of investigation. The dynamically changing environment and the existence of divergent cases regarding the Out-Of-shelf problem do not permit the development of one solution that fits all cases. Thus, an OOS algorithm requires careful analysis of the problem, which could be served by the incorporation of several variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information on the Biocidal Products Directive (BPD) in Europe. The main aims of the BPD are presented. It explains the scope of the directive. The definition of a biocidal product is given. It describes the dossier that must be submitted by an applicant to be able to be given authorisation to market a biocidal product.

This chapter presents an analysis of brainwashing theories in European parliamentary and administrative reports on cults and sects. Why brainwashing notions have been so readily adopted in the European context needs further analysis. One could say this has occurred because of the tendency to accept the word of apostates when claims are made and accounts offered about what happened to them when they joined newer religions. Those claims and accounts are apparently more culturally coherent if use is made of concepts such as brainwashing and mind control.

Introduces a series of articles on religious minorities in some European countries.