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The possibility of using of para-aramid fibrids and pulp as a binder of para-aramid fibers during production of electrical insulation heatresistant paper have been studied. It has confirmed by microscopy the presence branched structures in para-aramid pulp and fibrids, as well as presence of the film structure in fibrids. The Influence of consumption of fibrids and pulp on general indicators such as density, tensile strength, elongation, tear resistance, electric strength, capillary rise, air permeability of non calendered and calendered heat resistant insulating paper have been obtained. It have been determined that after calendering the density of para-aramid paper increases about by three times. Based on the obtained results the optimal consumption of a binder has been found. It has been showed that using para-aramid fibrids or pulp as a binder is possible during production of para-aramid electrical insulation paper. The using of fibrids (at the same consumption) more increases the main indicators of quality of para-aramid paper than pulp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The possibility of using of para-aramid fibrids and pulp as a binder of para-aramid fibers during production of electrical insulation heatresistant paper have been studied. It has confirmed by microscopy the presence branched structures in para-aramid pulp and fibrids, as well as presence of the film structure in fibrids. The Influence of consumption of fibrids and pulp on general indicators such as density, tensile strength, elongation, tear resistance, electric strength, capillary rise, air permeability of non calendered and calendered heat resistant insulating paper have been obtained. It have been determined that after calendering the density of para-aramid paper increases about by three times. Based on the obtained results the optimal consumption of a binder has been found. It has been showed that using para-aramid fibrids or pulp as a binder is possible during production of para-aramid electrical insulation paper. The using of fibrids (at the same consumption) more increases the main indicators of quality of para-aramid paper than pulp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Technology Audit & Production Reserves is the property of PC TECHNOLOGY CENTER and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies is the property of PC TECHNOLOGY CENTER and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of ScienceRise: Juridical Science is the property of PC TECHNOLOGY CENTER and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies is the property of PC TECHNOLOGY CENTER and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper, a study of non-homogeneous time series, as a special case of a class of non-stationary time series, which are not given to stationary by integrating the 1st and 2nd order was carried out. Because of the presence of non-homogeneous components, time series is characterized by a non-linear trend, periodic components with variable amplitude, as well as a non-permanent structure. A method for identifying the series of this class based on statistical characteristics, using statistical tests and criteria was proposed. This method allows reasonable approach to selecting a method for forecasting a number of changes with respect to all the hidden features of the original data, as well as the reasons and assumptions of various forecasting methods. For example, in the construction of forecasting models of the non-homogeneous time series using statistical forecasting methods, such as AR (p), MA (q), ARMA (p, q), AR (p) + linear trend, ARCH (p), GARCH (p, q), SV (p), is inadequate in view of violating the requirements for applying these methods, in particular time invariance. An adaptive approach for forecasting non-homogeneous time series based on the method of singular spectrum analysis and presentation of time series in several phase spaces is proposed in the paper Another problem in forecasting the time series is a risk assessment in decision-making based on the forecasting model. A method for estimating the maximum level of losses in forecasting non-homogeneous time series with a given probability was developed in the paper. A confidence interval of forecasting non-homogeneous time series of exchange rates, which allows estimating the adoption of one or other solutions depending on the amount of the transaction was built. The results obtained in this paper can be used for a sound approach to the selection of a forecasting method in automated systems, as well as in the evaluation of making management decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improving the efficiency of the strategic development plans of the construction industry is possible by studying and elaborating the clustering algorithm of Ukrainian regions in the construction sphere. The aggregation algorithm of the feature space of the building complex of the territory was considered in the paper. The building complex of each area is described by a set of characteristics that can be called features. Herewith, the system of considered estimated figures cannot be fully used for the regional differentiation within the Ukraine since a number of indicators that form the system conditions are of national nature and do not contain a specific set of numerical and categorical data. Achieving the goal of improving the efficiency of the strategic development of the construction industry is possible provided solving the following problem: to construct an aggregation algorithm of features, allowing to determine the essential factors of influence and reduce the space dimension in clustering objects. The algorithm, considered in the paper is based on using two criteria: the correlation coefficient and the consistency criterion. This allows to reduce the dimension of the feature space of the building complex of the territory. As a result of the study, aggregates of indicators, in which the consistency criterion is equal to zero, were obtained. A study of the proposed algorithm allows to conclude on the presence of consistent relationships between the indicators, forming the functioning of the building complex of the region. It is an intermediate step in constructing the conceptual grouping schema of areas, as well as allows to construct a more accurate clustering of areas for management decision-making in the construction sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The approaches to developing the feasibility study of projects in the field of energy and energy saving are presented in the paper. This is important because, until recently, the post-Soviet countries continue to use the «reduced costs» for the study of the prospects of investment projects. However, it is not always feasible to use the products of leading companies-manufacturers of energyefficient equipment and technologies. The paper shows that developing the feasibility study of investment projects should be carried out in two stages: stage 1 -- preliminary (technical) study and stage 2 -- detailed (full) study. With specific examples, it is demonstrated that the prospects of using various types of lighting devices should be assessed with an allowance for possible risks, and also taking into account the market value of lamps and their disposal costs, considering the life of lamps, electricity tariffs and operation time during the day. Similar approaches to determining the prospects of using wind turbines have shown that it is necessary to take into account all significant factors, including political risks, and make decision based on the NPV and IRR values. Preliminary (technical) study of the projects often helps to avoid labor costs for developing the detailed feasibility study. This approach allows to be critical of «energy saving myths» (assertion of unconditional feasibility of using energy-efficient equipment, which allegedly must replace traditional equipment). In any case, it is the economic characteristics, such as NPV, Payback Period and IRR that should determine the feasibility of energy saving projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problems of restoring the domestic compressor, Poltava, which is used in Ukrainian trolleybuses YuMZ (Southern Machine-Building Plant, Dnepropetrovsk) are considered in the paper. New technical documentation of the process of restoring the basic compressor assemblies, which affect the reliability and quality of the unit are developed. These studies are currently required as more and more rolling stock, operated at Ukrainian enterprises, is purchased at domestic enterprises. The trolleybus model YuMZ T-1, T-2 is also equipped with the domestic compressor. Since the compressor is a modern Ukrainian development, there is a need in the accompanying technical documentation for maintenance and repair. New technical documentation for the new domestic compressor are created and analyzed in the paper, which allows to improve the repair quality, operational reliability and safety of the trolleybus. The studies and the results are first obtained and important for both the enterprises, servicing this machinery, and the administrative board of the depot, which prioritize service quality improvement when using resource-saving technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cluster analysis is relevant and widely used in information systems, medicine, psychology, chemistry, biology, public administration, philology, marketing, sociology and other disciplines. However, the wide use causes coherence and unambiguity problems of the mathematical apparatus for cluster analysis. In particular, taking into account that clustering data can have different physical meaning and that the objects similarity criteria are not universal and can be defined for different applied problems in different ways, building alternative (to the already known) similarity coefficients, which meet the emerging needs for grouping objects of new applied problems is relevant. Therefore, the purpose of the paper is to improve the efficiency of solving the cluster analysis problems by developing general methods and algorithms for clustering objects based on the "angular" and ''length" metrics and binary relations. General method for clustering objects based on fuzzy binary relations is developed in the paper. Semimetrics, characterizing the proximity degree of vectors of object features by the "angular" and "length" similarity are determined. Clustering algorithms, based on grouping objects by the introduced angular and length semimetrics are built. Software implementation of this method has shown its effectiveness in solving various applied problems and ease of use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Technology Audit & Production Reserves is the property of PC TECHNOLOGY CENTER and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Technology Audit & Production Reserves is the property of PC TECHNOLOGY CENTER and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Technology Audit & Production Reserves is the property of PC TECHNOLOGY CENTER and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of ScienceRise: Juridical Science is the property of PC TECHNOLOGY CENTER and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of ScienceRise: Juridical Science is the property of PC TECHNOLOGY CENTER and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Studying the free surface behavior in various flight conditions of spacecraft (SC) is one of the most important tasks of innertank hydrodynamics and the dynamics of this surface allows determining the nature of fuel reorientation. Fluid motion in rectangular-shaped SC tank under constant horizontal disturbing force is considered in the paper. In case of translational acceleration of tank there are no studies on the motion nature of free surface of fluid. In the paper such tasks are proposed to solve by dividing the potential of fluid speed by the relative component of speed potential relative to tank and its walls. This provision is the basis for analytical researches. The paper also gives the adaption of the proposed model to existing conditions and results of numerical calculations. This paper gives an algorithm for calculating the profile of free surface of liquid for flat tanks depending on the values of relative loading under a uniformly accelerated motion of tank with acceleration at various points of time. It was found that for approximate estimation, the value of tank bottom baring can be determined by constructing the points of intersection of free surface profile with a profile of the tank bottom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studying the free surface behavior in various flight conditions of spacecraft (SC) is one of the most important tasks of innertank hydrodynamics and the dynamics of this surface allows determining the nature of fuel reorientation. Fluid motion in rectangular-shaped SC tank under constant horizontal disturbing force is considered in the paper. In case of translational acceleration of tank there are no studies on the motion nature of free surface of fluid. In the paper such tasks are proposed to solve by dividing the potential of fluid speed by the relative component of speed potential relative to tank and its walls. This provision is the basis for analytical researches. The paper also gives the adaption of the proposed model to existing conditions and results of numerical calculations. This paper gives an algorithm for calculating the profile of free surface of liquid for flat tanks depending on the values of relative loading under a uniformly accelerated motion of tank with acceleration at various points of time. It was found that for approximate estimation, the value of tank bottom baring can be determined by constructing the points of intersection of free surface profile with a profile of the tank bottom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with the problem of developing e-books - the basic elements of electronic educational resources. One of the main issues of creating such web-books is highlighted, namely, algorithmization of creating training exercise on the example of solving a system of linear algebraic equations using Cramer's rule in the Adobe Captivate environment. The main features of training exercise is automatic help for students, as well as ability (even with wrong answers) to complete it with the corresponding theoretical explanation. The main features of the Adobe Captivate environment - a powerful software program for creating electronic books, are described in the paper. Namely, one can record a sequence of actions on the screen, but it will not be a typical video track, but a set of interactive slides, in which users can repeat actions on the screen, choose something etc. Therefore, development of training exercise for solving the SLAE (system of linear algebraic equations) using Cramer's rule in the Adobe Captivate environment was a solvable algorithmized problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Technology Audit & Production Reserves is the property of PC TECHNOLOGY CENTER and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Technology Audit & Production Reserves is the property of PC TECHNOLOGY CENTER and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Using mechanically deboned poultry meat (MPMO) to sell as mincemeat or recipe ingredient has a number of negative aspects that lie in the oxidation and microbiological stability reduction, caused by production factors and biochemical properties of such raw product as a result of the transition of bone marrow lipids and hemoproteins. On this basis, the paper is aimed at using protective protein emulsions (PPE) that contain mostly natural components and allow to some extent eliminate the negative impact of phospholipid compounds, heme pigments and so on. The results of the design and scientific substantiation of technological solutions that allow to increase the functional and technological and improve consumer properties of mechanically deboned poultry meat (chicken) by adding the PPE, protein preparation from pork skin ScangelA95, sodium ascorbyl palmitate antioxidant are given in the paper. It was found that introducing the proposed PPE leads to increased shear stress limit, reduced intensity of a specific dirty red color of MDPM towards pale red and pink, approximating color to characteristic for minced chicken from shin muscles, loss of gloss and matte appearance, improved mincemeat stability, which lies in reduced oxidation product formation intensity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SPN-structure, along with a Feistel network and a Lai-Massey scheme is one of the most common high-level constructs for building symmetric block ciphers. At the same time, not so many papers are devoted to the evaluation of its effectiveness, so research in this area are extremely important. The evaluation method, based on the possibility of distinguishing the SPN-structure from a random permutation is considered in the paper. This method was successfully applied to the Feistel network and the Lai-Massey scheme, so it was expedient to apply it to the SPN-structure as well. To solve this problem, the authors have put forward and proved a theorem on the maximum likelihood of distinguishing the SPN-structure from a random permutation. Algorithm-distinguisher that allows to make a distinction with a certain probability was developed for the 2-round structure. Also, it was proved that it is impossible to make a distinction for 3 or more rounds of the SPN-structure. The results can be used to compare the effectiveness of the SPNstructure with other high-level constructs of symmetric block ciphers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of energy dissipation in the main gas transportation on linear regions of pipelines and its impact on the hydraulic efficiency factor reduction is considered in the paper. The results of analytical studies of the potential and kinetic energy conversion into internal energy are presented. The primary objective of the research is to determine the effect of energy dissipation in the pipeline throughout the entire route on the hydraulic efficiency of the gas transportation system as a whole, and consequently on the hydraulic efficiency factor reduction in particular. In the paper, the above analytical studies are given and compared with experimental data. Positive convergence of predicted and actual results and their impact on the hydraulic efficiency factor was revealed. These findings are important to take into account for the operating gas transportation companies. The results allow to increase the capacity of main gas pipelines and thereby increase the hydraulic efficiency factor. The principle of implementation of the task and use of its results is demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the results of the development of methods for the gas chromatographic determination of the content of dissolved components: gases (H2, CH4, C2H6, C2H4, C2H2, CO, CO2, C3H8, C3H6, H2S); ionol; furan compounds (furfural; acetylfuran; 5-methyl-furfural; 2-furan-methanol) in the energy oils (transformer, cable, condenser, turbine). The purpose of the paper was to reduce the errors of measurement methods and improve the accuracy of measurement results in determining the content of dissolved components in the energy oils by the static version of the extraction-gas chromatographic measurements using gas chromatographic analysis of equilibrium phases - gaseous or liquid extracts. For modern energy oils, the values of the distribution coefficients in the system "energy oil - dissolved gas - gas-extractant" using static and dynamic variants of extraction-gas chromatographic measurements were defined; formulas for calculating the concentrations of ionol and furan compounds in the energy oils based on accepted mathematical models of extraction processes for measurements were obtained; optimum procedures of extraction-gas chromatographic determination of the content of dissolved gases, ionol and furan compounds in the energy oils for developing optimal gas scheme of multichannel gas chromatograph were selected. The conditions for implementing the extraction-gas chromatographic measurements using appropriate adsorbents in packed chromatographic columns in determining the content of: dissolved gases - by the absolute calibration using the distribution coefficients for these gases instead of the corresponding Ostwald coefficients; ionol or furan compounds - by adding corresponding pure component or various extractant volumes in the energy oils. In the presence of emulsion water in the energy oil, oil is dried by silica gel (in determining ionol) or sodium sulfate (in determining furan compounds. The results of the calculations are assessed). It was found that it is necessary to perform temperature programing of the corresponding chromatographic column after the evolution of the chromatographic peak of the last determined component. The developed techniques can be used in determining the concentrations of dissolved components in the energy oils for technical diagnostics of oil-filled electrical equipment; quality indicators of the energy oils; compatibility of mixed energy oils and sensitivity of these oils to ionol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of the study of pharmaceutical wastewater treatment from organic impurities through sorption and desorption of organic solvents by polymeric membrane elements are presented in the paper. The processes of sorption by membrane elements are characterized by high efficiency, energy saving, possibility of fine separation of mixtures with obtaining high-quality products and their undeniable environmental safety. Sorption process lies in passing of certain organic compounds (solvents) of wastewater to the body of nonporous polymeric membrane elements (adsorbent), with the possibility of further desorption of absorbed compounds. Using such membrane technology allows to achieve a significant impurity concentration reduction, high wastewater treatment efficiency and raw materials consumption coefficient reduction due to the return of organic solvents in the production process. Membrane sorption with the subsequent desorption is a multifactorial process that is associated with the dissolution of organic components in polymeric membranes, which is accompanied by swelling of the membrane materials in organic solvents. The results of experimental studies of the dissolution kinetics of polar and nonpolar molecules in nonpolar membranes, swelling processes of polymeric membrane materials in organic solvents, diffusion coefficients of the most common solvents in polymeric membranes are given in the paper. Based on the experiments, the mathematical model of the adsorption process of organic solvents by polymeric membrane elements was developed. Mathematical model adequately describes the concentration distribution over the polymeric membrane element thickness. The model takes into account all process peculiarities, including swelling. Based on the model, concentrations of the most common organic solvents in industry were calculated in different sections of membrane elements. The results of experimental and theoretical research can be used in designing plants for water treatment from organic solvents, particularly, in selecting the fixed-bed adsorber design in the form of membrane attachment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Results of experimental and theoretical research of the laboratory prototype of "diaphragmless" non-thermal electroacoustic transducer of original design, working as a broadband acoustic monopole are discussed. Radiation patterns of acoustic emission, current-voltage characteristic of corona discharge at the given electrode geometry were investigated, based on which a theoretical scheme for calculating the acoustic emission power depending on the magnitude of the potential difference between the electrodes was built. The calculation of the basic characteristics of the loudspeaker was performed within the quasi-stationary approximation using a standard three-component hydrodynamic model of weakly ionized gas, supplemented by the equations of chemical kinetics. It is shown that the sound generation process is a scalar effect, arising due to the gas ionization degree modulation. The theoretical model, developed in the paper is the basis for a detailed simulation of sound generation processes, and possible improvement of the proposed design of so-called "ionic loudspeaker". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Semigraphical model of railway stations operation for technical and operational evaluation of their technology is presented in the paper. The paper is aimed at improving the model structure to simplify the mechanical engineer's interaction with a computer at the stage of a formal description of the model. In the simulation, railway station is considered as a complex system, in which maintenance of facilities by technical means and executors is carried out by performing manufacturing operations with them in accordance with the process. The developed semigraphical model includes the model of the station technical support, the model of the station operation, a list of serviced facilities, list of facility service technologies. Construction of these models is performed using the methods of graph theory and object-oriented analysis. The proposed model enhances the rate of human-machine interaction through automated insertion of the full range of operations that meet the facility service technology, automated modification of groups of operations and automated calculation of the station operation indicators in the schedule. The model is implemented as a supplement to the AutoCAD package. Using the proposed semigraphical model allows to reduce the load on mechanical engineers in developing operation technologies of stations and complex analysis of their operation by reducing routine operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies is the property of PC TECHNOLOGY CENTER and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies is the property of PC TECHNOLOGY CENTER and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies is the property of PC TECHNOLOGY CENTER and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper deals with developing views on the humidity of food raw materials and products from them that allow to predict and scientifically justify functional and technological role of a particular component of food raw materials or product in terms of its interaction with water. It is noted that despite the variety of humidity research methods and plenty of information, obtained using them, the content of the concepts of "free" and "bound" water is not clear enough, their role in the material, absolute and relative content is not investigated fully and accurately. The aim of the research was to obtain new scientific data about the condition and structure of water in various food products and raw materials, depending on their processing technologies; define correlation between the results of studies of humidity in food raw materials and products, obtained by different thermodynamic and molecular-kinetic methods. Within the main concept of the paper, the notion of "system water" was introduced, and expediency of calculating molar concentrations for the food system components was justified. Using different thermodynamic and molecular-kinetic methods, system water of different food raw materials and products was investigated. The patterns of changes in the condition and structure of water in food raw materials and products, occurring in their processing were determined by compiling information on the water condition and structure during interaction with the components that make up food raw materials and products. It is noted that the research results and obtained patterns for the system water of food raw materials and products allow to visualize the processes of humidity change under different external factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper considers forming interphase adsorption layers in emulsions and foams using a surfactant mixture and milk proteins. The main objective of the study is to substantiate using the surfactant mixture and milk proteins, which define the dispersed system stability. The emulsion formation process at temperatures above the fat crystallization temperature was carried out by determining the boundary shear stress, formed interphase adsorption layers, which was performed in 4×3600 s (interphase adsorption layer formation time that has the largest value of the boundary shear stress at a temperature of 20±1 °C. Behavioral mechanisms of surfactants and milk proteins on the interphase surface were substantiated in the paper in order to determine their rational concentrations. The presented method allows to define the layer strength of the system without surfactants and, with introducing the surfactant mixture, determine the rational composition of the surfactant mixture, which allows to vary the strength of interphase adsorption layers and as a result produce foam-emulsion systems with the high foaming ability, stability and ductility. Research results can be applied by food technologists, as well as technologists specialized pastry shops to create foam-emulsion systems such as creams, souffle, ice-cream, etc. We propose to use milk proteins and surfactant mixture to control the stability of dispersed systems such as foams and emulsions, as well as stable foam-emulsion systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An approach that allows to assess the behavior of network traffic of high-speed communication networks, which has selfsimilarity properties using the nonlinear dynamics methods is proposed in the paper. The number of Internet users is growing every year, which leads to an increase in the load on the communication channels. The works of many researchers have shown that network traffic possesses self-similarity property, caused by the TCP protocol behavior. With the advent of high-speed data transmission technology, this property of the network traffic has become particularly evident. Communication networks of information systems with TCP protocol are considered in the paper as nonlinear systems that exhibit chaotic properties under certain computer network parameters. Studies have shown that in the model network there are unwanted chaotic phenomena, which negatively affect its performance. The results can be used to modify existing networks and design new ones. The proposed technique allows to predict the network traffic behavior under certain values of the computer network parameters at longer time axis intervals through its analysis at relatively small segments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper describes developed by authors informationmeasuring system of diagnosing damping characteristics of rolling stock dampers. The system includes the hardware for gathering and digital processing of vibration accelerations and software for accelerometer sensor signal processing. It suggests testing procedure to determine the damping characteristics and algorithms to calculate damping parameters, namely the logarithmic decrement and natural oscillation frequency of the structure. It proposes to use an alternative error-correcting method, which lies in calculating the logarithmic decrement in the frequency domain. The advantage of this method is the high determination accuracy of damping parameters and the absence of highfrequency noise effect on the calculation result since the frequency and quality factor determination proceeds in the low frequency signal range and noise is of high-frequency nature. The paper also proposes software, developed in the LabVIEW graphical programming environment that implements the standard and the suggested algorithms and presents the comparative analysis of the experimental data processing results. It also shows the results of system approbation during testing the locomotive CHS-8 and passenger cars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with increasing the operating durability of a fine-size tool. Applying this tool has economic benefits for producers since it leads to lower costs of the tool purchased. Using the method of low-temperature implantation, modified coatings of titanium and chromium nitride on tool steel substrates were obtained. Structure and physicomechanical properties of these coatings and their use as protective coatings on fine-size tools were investigated in the paper. Due to properly selected modes (U discharge=400 V, I discharge=0.5 a, U target=2 Q, I target=50 mA, U substrate=25 kV, 35 mA=I substrate, r gas=3.32-10-2 Pa) introduced ion dose (5.73-1016--6.73-1017 ion/cm²), materials of the target (Ti and Cr) and substrate (R18 and HVG) as a result of experimental researches, high-quality protective coatings were produced, microhardness increased by 2.2-2.5 times. Practical use of research results has revealed an increase in operating durability of fine-size steel tool by 1.5-2 times. Applying ion-plasma treatment allows to produce steels with modified protective coatings and increase the operating durability of fine-size steel tools and small, but those that are key machine parts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the results of experimental investigations into the hydrodynamics and heat exchange specific to the filtration drying of wheat grain. The result of experimental investigations into the hydrodynamics has been generalized based on the inner problem, exterior problem and a mixed problem of hydrodynamics. The experimental data representations in the form of dimensionless numbers are easy-to-use in practice and enable determine the energy cost and the economic feasibility of the process. Determining the optimal parameters of filtration drying process was ensure by the investigation into heat exchange specificities and their generalization in the form of dimensionless numbers that would enable to compute the heat rejection factors, with the filtration modes and physical parameters of the heating medium being known. Obtained are the design dependences to determine the internal diffusion coefficients against the temperature of a heating medium and the initial moisture content of grains. The resulting design dependency may be used to predict the duration of the wheat grain filtration drying. Determined are the rational modes of drying for seed grain and food grain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trend and decomposition approaches to non-stationary time series forecasting are considered in the paper. According to them, various hybrid models for non-stationary time series forecasting, as well as identification methods for these models based on the combined use of the "Caterpillar"-SSA and Box-Jenkins methods were proposed. Hybrid mathematical models of the trend approach to forecasting, based on the "Caterpillar"-SSA and Box-Jenkins methods lie in modeling the process as deviation of actual time series values with respect to the trend component, which is represented in the proposed models by the linear recurrence formula (LRF) of the "Caterpillar"-SSA method and its approximation by the SARIMA model. The main goal of the decomposition approach to forecasting based on the "Caterpillar"-SSA and Box-Jenkins methods is the decomposition of the original time series into multiple time series with a simpler structure, considered independently of each other using the "Caterpillar"-SSA method; forecasting the data of decomposition components by SARIMA models and calculating the total forecast by combining forecasts of the constructed simplified models. The proposed models were tested on the electricity and natural gas consumption time series, and their forecasting results were compared with the results, obtained by classical probabilistic SARIMA models, generalized for the case of several seasonal components. The obtained results allow to conclude that for effective forecasts, it is necessary to carry out decomposition of the studied time series and combine different models, describing both statistical and deterministic time series components that provides the best forecasting quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the problem of determining the optimal volume of ordering goods with the deferred delivery cost payment taking into account input control errors, the time factor when making financial calculations and inflation. Solving this task is difficult non-trivial process that requires applying evolutionary optimization methods that do not depend on the choice of the starting point and do not need additional constrains on the objective function characteristics. The most efficient way to find the optimum of constrained problems using evolutionary algorithms is applying adaptive and problem-oriented penalty functions. However, the main problem that accompanies their use is the solution quality sensitivity to the choice of the individual parameters of penalty elements, calculation methods of which are not always known. The paper proposes using fuzzy penalty functions, the main idea of which is to replace the constraints as inequalities by a set of fuzzy variables. The algorithm for implementing the method in full search space of possible solutions was explored. The aspects of software implementation of the technology were examined. The experimental verification of the method was performed, and the results of a comparative analysis of the dynamic and adaptive penalty functions were given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Activity model of the labor safety engineer was developed in the paper using homogeneous Markov chains with discrete states and time. Management systems in the organizational-technical systems consist of individual processes and relationships among them. Forming a rational combination of parametric and structural system characteristics will allow to create new models, methods and tools to achieve the goals of these systems. The paper examines the activities of the labor safety engineer. When constructing Markov models, decomposition of the studied system into separate states with building multiple relations among the given states is the most difficult task. In the developed oriented graph, nodes correspond to states and edges of the graph form communication interaction channels, which transmit control actions. A directed graph can be represented by an adjacency matrix. Each row of the adjacency matrix displays transitions to other system states. Due to the fact that the transition probabilities of the system are related to the process execution time, it is possible to estimate the total workload of labor safety engineer. For that, the ratio of total state probabilities by groups of processes was found. The results indicate that there is some increase in the portion of time that is given to information processes to the detriment of other job duties. Markov model allows to obtain a quantitative description of the job strain of the labor safety engineer, which is regulated by the enterprise standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The value of the research is based on the fact that the impact of the strategic regional development programs is evaluated by the expenses criterion (as an integral indicator) that helps control the regional budget expenditure. The results of the research are reflected in the paper that presents economic and mathematic models of optimizing expenses on implementing the range of regional programs, with respect to minimizing expenses on the selected multitude of the regional development indicators. The models facilitate optimal management for implementing the range of development programs. Matrix and integral equations of the suggested model help analyse the dynamic change in the regional welfare indices as well as accomplishments in the regional development programs. The paper presents the notion of optimal strategy of the regional development. The strategy is important for eliminating the descriptive development strategies and specifying the managerial aspects of their implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The method of leaks localization from underground water supply system on the basis of acoustic portraits pipelines comparison was proposed in the paper. The parameters of wavelet neuron network was suggested to use as the acoustic portraits, which was taught to approximate the acoustic signal, received on the soil surface above the place pipeline stowage. Forehanded search and elimination of underground water supply leakages is an urgent task, which shows a considerable practical interest. The most promising approach to the search leaks was the passive location method, which is based on the analysis of pipelines acoustic signals. The information in this acoustic signal is sufficient to make a conclusion on the present or absence of leaks. The author of previous research described the other way to search leaks, which is based on the signals' classification with the help of artificial neuron network. The significant drawback of this approach is the necessity to study ANN (artificial neuron network), and it demands a great scope of training data and time consuming. There is an alternative way in this research, namely the leakage search method on the basis of acoustic portrait comparison. The acoustic portrait is the set of parameters, characterized the state of pipeline. The research results have shown that wavelet neuron network can be used as the acoustic portrait. The simplest criteria, the distance between parameter vectors, was used during the research to compare the acoustic portraits. The leak search method described in this paper is characterized by low computational complexity and requires a small amount of training data and that is the main advantage. The subject of future researches should be the development of more effective acoustic portrait matching criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The scale of production of surfactants as one of the most popular products of petrochemical synthesis are determined by a number of factors, among which the availability of accessible and commercially attractive materials is the most important. For a long time, oleochemical and petrochemical products were used as raw materials, but today, because of the instability in the global market of raw materials, the issues of finding new and diversification of existing sources of raw materials become particularly relevant. One of such sources may become production and consumption waste, produced in large quantities in every country. It is globally recognized that resource-oriented consumption waste treatment can be a powerful source of secondary material-energy raw materials for many industries, including the petrochemical. In the paper, the possibility of using a narrow fraction of pyrolysis condensate that boils at a temperature above 350 °C and contains more than 50% of aromatic hydrocarbons to synthesis anion-active surfactants was experimentally confirmed. Pyrolysis condensate is obtained during thermal processing of waste tires of vehicles which, at significant accumulation in the environment is an important factor of environmental hazards in all regions of Ukraine. For the synthesis of surfactants, technology of processing the mentioned fraction by sulfonation at 50-60 °C using SO3 as sulfonating agent and extraction of sulfonates by aqueous isopropanol solution is recommended. Composition and properties of the resulting product depend on the sulfonation conditions. All samples obtained are water-soluble. In order to confirm the practical significance of the results, the paper gives the results of using the synthesized product in compositions for cleaning oil-contaminated soils. The cleaning efficiency of soils is 85-90%, which is not inferior to surfactants, based on traditional raw materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with solving environmental problems of soda producing enterprises. A promising direction is developing lowwaste technologies, which consist in processing wastes with obtaining products that are in great demand. As a commercial product, it is proposed to obtain chemically precipitated calcium carbonate, which is widely used as a filler to create various composite materials. The most bulky waste of soda ash production using ammonia process is distiller slurry, which is formed in an amount of 8-10 m3 per 1 ton of product and contains calcium ions. According to the results of complex theoretical and experimental studies, it is found that the best way to produce synthetic calcium carbonate is its precipitation from distiller liquid (clarified part of distiller slurry) using carbonate ion-containing solutions. Excessive mother liquor of purified sodium bicarbonate production or sodium carbonate solution with a predetermined concentration can be used as precipitant. The paper presents the results of studies of the dependence of precipitation degree and basic physicochemical characteristics of calcium carbonate on the process parameters. Process conditions (temperature, reaction time, the ratio of reactants), which allow to obtain a product that meets modern requirements for filler, are defined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The developed construction method of the intact surface of surgical accesses and its visualization for the problems of planning stereotactic interventions on the human brain is described in the paper. This representation allows to combine the surgery risk estimates with the patient's skull geometry, thereby ensuring a reasonable choice of surgical access by surgeon-specialist. The method consists of the reconstruction of the object, on which the surgeryrisk data is further directly applied. A distinctive feature of the reconstruction method, described in the paper is that the construction of a geometric object is made based on surgical accesses. Also, due to using connectivity of vertices obtained during reconstruction, filtration of the resulting geometry without the need for additional transformations is possible. The research results can be used to create the neurosurgery planning system that will allow to reduce the mortality rate of the human brain surgeries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To develop effective measures on preventing landslide processes it is necessary to investigate the driving forces and improve models of violations of local stability of slopes for cases when the shear forces are caused by the weight of the mass, as well as possible macroelectrokinetic phenomena in soils. The potential difference in soils can be caused not only by an external electric field, but also when filtering rainwater or groundwater on slopes - analogue of streaming potential, known in colloid chemistry. Potential difference can lead to known electrokinetic phenomena - electrophoretic movement of negatively charged soil particles towards excess positive charge (potential), herewith, repulsive forces, causing soil loosening occur. During the imposition of a constant electric field, all disperse systems are exposed to polarization by both the active and reactive (capacitive) component of the electrical conductivity. In the latter case, this is caused by the polarization of the electric double layer of soil particles. The results of theoretical and experimental studies of polarization phenomena in the soil mass, being dielectric by its electrical properties are given in the paper. It is shown that the internal polarization field is directly proportional to the external electric field intensity. Described theoretical concepts on the dielectric polarization of soils and the experimental data can be used as a basis for preventing hazardous processes such as landslides, slips and other adverse processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper considers the issue related to the improvement of the existing methods of calculating a tool for external magnetic-pulse straightening of auto body parts. The purpose of the research is to calculate the field density ratio, excited in two-frequency induction systems, i.e. tools for external magnetic-pulse straightening of dents in auto body metal coatings. The calculated ratios for the field density, excited in two-frequency induction systems, i.e. the tools for external magnetic-pulse straightening of dents in auto body metal coatings are obtained in the paper. This allows solving the problems related to the space-time distribution of the resulting magnetic field strength in sheet metal dents, i.e. improving induction system efficiency that is the main direction in designing special devices. The research results can be used by scientists and teachers, postgraduate students, students of educational institutions and experts in transport enterprises for improving production efficiency [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the most promising way of restructuring the financial system in Ukraine, in particular a single regulator (mega-regulator), thus allowing to avoid contradictions in the system of state regulation and control in the financial sphere and create a stable basis for the successful integration of Ukraine into the global financial system. The main purpose of state financial agencies is stabilizing the financial system, taking into account the positives and drawbacks of state regulation in the financial sector. Reforms for regulation and supervision in the financial market of Ukraine should be implemented in four main areas: -- unifying the rules and regulations of state regulation in the financial market with the gradual concentration of regulatory functions in a single state body; -- separating supervisory functions from regulatory and implementing the system of prudential supervision in all major segments of the financial market; -- increasing the role of self-regulatory organizations of professional participants and establishing their closer connection with regulatory bodies; -- significant improvement in financing state regulators, including from market sources. The need to concentrate efforts on developing the mechanisms of the state influence on financial stability, system analysis and implementing measures to prevent systemic risks, ensuring effective ma nagement of the financial system liquidity, modernizing and improving the transparency of financial legislation and implementing existing legislative norms by all subjects of financial relations is noted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the popularity of the term «innovation» in scientific researches of the XXI century there is no definition that would display the main properties of this category. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the essence of the notion of «innovation». The paper is devoted to the investigation of the main approaches to the notion of «innovation» consideration. The defining characteristics of this category were analyzed; the conditions of the transformation of a novelty into innovation were identified. The criteria of classification of the types of innovation, their peculiarities, advantages and disadvantages were determined. As a conclusion we give some recommendations for classification of innovation improvement and specify the category «innovative activity». We revealed that the views of scientists on the category of «innovation» are significantly different that can be explained by the specific of use of innovation, the particularity of the approach to the subject and object of research. We analyze the main features of the category and according to them specify the notion of «innovation» which can facilitate its scientific interpretation and practical using. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]