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The aim of this paper is to investigate the link between regulations and size of country-level investment crowdfunding markets in Europe. The author discusses the outlook and potential drivers behind the size of investment crowdfunding markets across European countries, with deeper insight into a leading market of the United Kingdom. The conclusions are supported by a quantitative analysis. Key findings indicate that regulatory aspects of investment crowdfunding correlate, on average, stronger with market size than non-regulatory factors. Besides, the size of population matters for crowdfunding market volumes, and British regulatory framework for investment crowdfunding appears as an attractive role model to consider in Poland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the decision of the European Commission in the matter of the proposed Council Directive on the common system of financial transactions. It upholds that The European Commission has made the correct choice of indicating art. 113 TfUE as the legal basis of the proposed Council Directive on the common system of financial transactions and amending Council Directive 2008/7 [COM (2011) 594 final]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to present an overview of the three-cycle study system in Poland, its implementation process, historical development and implications. It is presented in the context of the implementation of the national qualifications framework and the Bologna Process. The author first introduces the international context and common European rules. Next, the situation concerning the higher education in Poland is covered. The author also discusses selected issues related to the functioning of the three-tier system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]