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Introduction Hyperbilirubinemia is the most common cause of neonatal hospitalization in the first month after birth. Understanding the underlying causes of jaundice helps identify newborn at risk faster. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of jaundice in neonates with diabetic mothers on the 3rd to 5th day of after birth. Material and Method 120 pregnant mothers aged 18 to 40 years who had diabetes during pregnancy (familial or gestational diabetes) and were treated with insulin were included in this descriptive epidemiological study. All demographic information of the mother and infant is recorded in the checklists and after delivery, mothers are advised to visit the clinic on a routine checkup for jaundice (jaundice visible in the sclera) on the third to fifth day after birth. After a thorough neonatal examination, a total bilirubin test will be performed. Results Of 120 diabetic mothers, 54 (45%) had no jaundice, 24 (20%) had clinical jaundice, and 42 (35%) needed phototherapy. Statistical analysis showed that there were no significant differences between the three groups without jaundice, clinical jaundice and need for phototherapy in terms of gender, gestational age and Rh factor incompatibility but there was a significant difference between type of feeding, birth weight and incompatibility of ABO system. . Further statistical analysis showed that only birth weight factors and blood group incompatibility were associated with icterus. Conclusion Maternal diabetes and neonatal jaundice appear to be associated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Lipid peroxidation is a prominent manifestation of free radical activity in biological systems, and it is involved in the development of different diseases such as cancer or cardiovascular and liver diseases. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is globally recognized as a scientifically accepted biomarker of oxidative stress. Due to the significance of MDA as a marker of lipid peroxidation and because of its elevations in various diseases, the assessment of MDA with new and reliable assays, the development of a fast, sensitive, and selective method to detect MDA with simple instruments is necessary. Methods: This study used the electro polymerization of a low toxic and biocompatible polymer with entitle poly arginine-graphene quantum dots-chitosan (PARG-GQDs-CS) as a novel strategy for surface modification of glassy carbon (GC) surface and preparation a new interface for measurement of MDA in human exhaled breath condensate (EBC). Nanocomposite PARG/CS/GQDs the method of precipitation out of place (ex situ) on the electrode surface was prepared. To verify sequestration nanobiopolymer synthesized Scanning electron microscope images (SEM) were recorded. To identify and study the behavior of malondialdehyde electrochemical methods such as cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry were used. Results: The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images indicated immobilization of uniformly CS and GQDs onto PARG film. The modified electrode appeared as an effective electro activity for detection of MDA. Under the optimized analysis conditions and physiological pH, the prepared sensor showed one oxidation processes for MDA at potentials about 1 V vs. Ag/AgCl with a low limit of quantification (LLOQ) 5.94 nM. Conclusion: The Glassy carbon electrod modified by poly-arginine/chitosan/graphene quantum dots, has good electrical activity for Electro-oxidation malondialdehyde that could be due to synergistic effect poly-arginine, graphene quantum dots and chitosan to create many active sites for this purpose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: With the increase in the number of premature neonates, there are concerns about the complications of this group. One of the common complications of preterm neonates is fungal sepsis. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of intravenous fluconazole on fungal sepsis and other complications related to premature newborns under 1200 g in a neonatal intensive care unit. Methods: The study was conducted by field trial. The intervention included intravenous injection of fluconazole (3 mg/kg, twice per week for 6 weeks) in neonates weighing less than 1200 gr in the Izadi Hospital in Qom, Iran. The intervention was conducted on September 2016 in entire population of the study. The control group was retrospective and from neonates admitted to Izadi Hospital, which were hospitalized before intervention. The outcomes (such as the need for amphotericin injection, death, fungal sepsis, time taken to reach enteral feeding and length of stay) were compared between the two groups. Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding their sex ratio (P=0.139), gestational age (P=0.834), type of delivery (P=0.841) and birth weight (P=0.458). After the intervention, fungal sepsis (from 65% to 48.3%) and the need for amphotericin injection (from 27.1% to 5%) were significantly reduced, and the mortality rate decreased from 40% to 28.3%, but this decline was not statistically significant (P=0.178). After the intervention, the length of stay in hospital (P=0.142) and neonatal intensive care unit (P=0.422), time to reach the weight of 1500 gr (P=0.717), and time taken to reach enteral feeding (P=0.289) did not change significantly. Proportion of pneumothorax, apnea, necrotizing enterocolitis, retinopathy of prematurity and need for respiratory support did not change significantly. Conclusion: The present study showed that administration of venous fluconazole could reduce fungal sepsis in neonates weighing less than 1200 grams in the intensive care unit. However, this study failed to demonstrate the effect of fluconazole on death, pneumothorax, apnea and need for respiratory support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hyperbilirubinemia is the most common cause for readmission in the early neonatal period 5 to 36 percent of healthy term infants who are discharged from hospital are again hospitalized due to severe to moderate hyperbilirubinemia. Detection of major and minor risk factors associated with neonatal jaundice helps to identify high-risk infants and prevent neonatal jaundice. This study was performed aiming to evaluate the major and minor risk factors associated with jaundice in infants hospitalized. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 2207 term infants (<15 days) with hyperbilirubinemia (>15 mg/dl) in neonatal clinic or emergency unit or neonatal intensive unit, of Mashhad Ghaem Hospital, Iran, from April 2010 to May 2016. The jaundice of infants was confirmed by the pediatrician and laboratory tests. Then the researcher-made questionnaire containing maternal information and neonatal characteristics was completed. Values were expressed as mean±SD. Student t-test and Mann-Whitney test were used as appropriate. P-value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Sixty one percent of neonates had major risk factors and 80% of neonates had minor risk factor for jaundice. For neonatal jaundice, the most common major risk factors were significant weight loss (27.5%), jaundice visible in the first 24 hours (16.3%), history of treatment with phototherapy and exchange transfusion in sibling (14.8%), Gestational age of 35 to 36 week (9.9%), ABO incompatibility (9.2%), RH incompatibility (3.3%) and G6PD deficiency (3.33%), and the most common minor risk factors were age over 25 years (51.4%), male (49.7%), history of hyperbilirubinemia in sibling (22.3%), diabetic mother's infants (1.5%). Conclusion: The major risk factors for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia were significant weight loss, jaundice visible in the first 24 hours, history of treatment with phototherapy and exchange transfusion in sibling, gestational age of 35 to 36 week, ABO incompatibility, RH incompatibility and G6PD deficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: Bacterial infectioins in particular meningitis, pneumonia and septicemia are still some of the most causes of mortalities in children.The aim of present study was to identify the most common bacterial agents causing infectionis in children under 14 and detection of antibiotic resistance paterns. Material and Methods: During two years,1897samples were obtained from the patients suspected bacterial infectioins. They were investigated for bacterial cultures, age, sex and antibiogram patterns. The species were identified by biochemical and serological methods. Results: Of 1897 samples, 563 (29.6%) had positve bacterial culture. Of these 74.7% were gram negative and 25.3% gram positive . The most common species were Escherichia coli(34.1%), Staphylococcus aureus (17.1%), Psuedomonas aeroginosa (12.4%), Kelebsiella (11%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (5.7%). The most effective antibiotics against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria were ceftriaoxne, nitrofurantoin, nalidixic acid, amikacin and gentamycin. Conclusion: The gram negative bacteria in particular Escherichia coli, Psuedomonas aeroginosa and Kelebsiella are the predominant causes of bacterial infections in children under 14 in these regions. Most species showed a high relative resisitance to routine antibiotics such as ampicillin, trimethoprim and chloramphenicol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]