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Copyright of Natures Sciences Sociétés is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Résumé: Cet article retrace la prise en charge scientifique, politique et réglementaire des perturbateurs endocriniens entre 1990 et 2019 afin d'expliquer comment ces substances sont passées d'un objet scientifique à une catégorie réglementaire. L'histoire scientifique des perturbateurs endocriniens, l'estimation des coûts qu'ils engendrent et leur responsabilité dans les pathologies humaines modernes font déjà l'objet de nombreux travaux. Nous proposons une approche originale issue d'une étude en sciences sociales s'appuyant sur des entretiens, l'étude d'archives et de documents scientifiques, administratifs et associatifs, en vue de comprendre pourquoi, encore aujourd'hui, la question de la définition et de l'identification des perturbateurs endocriniens fait débat. Ce travail montre que dans les années 1990 l'invention et la diffusion de l'expression « perturbateurs endocriniens » suscitèrent le rassemblement de scientifiques de disciplines différentes (biologistes, écotoxicologues, chimistes, épidémiologistes, endocrinologistes, etc.) en vue de créer une communauté de recherche. C'est au gré des transferts dans les espaces administratifs, politiques et médiatiques que les perturbateurs endocriniens sont devenus une catégorie réglementaire. À partir de leur inscription dans le droit européen en 2009 dans le Règlement (CE) N̊ 1107/2009 concernant la mise sur le marché des produits phytopharmaceutiques, les experts scientifiques, fonctionnaires européens et parties prenantes ont dû élaborer de nouvelles manières de caractériser cette catégorie de substances chimiques. Ne pouvant pas reproduire les modes de gestion classiques reposant sur l'identification d'un effet néfaste comme dans le cadre du règlement relatif à la classification, à l'étiquetage et à l'emballage des substances et des mélanges (par exemple, pour les substances cancérigènes), une identification en trois étapes a été proposée, fondée sur l'identification d'un effet néfaste d'un mode d'action endocrinien et l'établissement d'un lien causal entre le mécanisme et l'effet. This paper retraces the scientific, political, and regulatory history of endocrine disruptors from 1990 through 2019 and explains how they became a regulatory category. Much work has already examined their scientific history, estimates of the costs they generate, and their responsibility for modern human disorders. We propose an original approach derived from the sociology of science, based on interviews and the study of archival and more recent scientific, administrative, and organizational documents to understand why the definition and identification of endocrine disruptors remain a topic of debate even today. This work demonstrates that in the 1990s the invention and diffusion of the term "endocrine disruptors" inspired interaction between scientists from different disciplines (biologists, ecotoxicologists, epidemiologists, and endocrinologists) to create a transdisciplinary research community. Its transfer to the administrative, political, and media areas made these endocrine disruptors into a regulatory category. They entered European law in 2009 with Regulation (EC) No. 1107/2009 concerning the placing of plant protection products on the market. At that point, scientific experts, European officials, and stakeholders had to develop new ways to characterize this category of chemical substances. The conventional management methods based on the identification of an adverse effect, as in the Regulation on the classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures (for carcinogenic substances, for example), cannot be applied to these chemicals. Accordingly, a three-step identification process has been proposed that requires the identification first of an adverse effect and then of its endocrine mode of action, and finally the establishment of a causal link between the mechanism and the effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Oncologie (Tech Science Press) is the property of Tech Science Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article reports that management sciences, like all fields of knowledge and especially the human and social sciences, operate as an inexact science often by borrowing from other disciplines.

This paper aims to review the definitions and vagueness of the concept of imaginary and symbolic, and to relate its limits and its reach within the research in Communication. The difficulties of the approach in Communication to a notion of course of the sense are addressed. Inherited from the School of Grenoble, this notion underlies the theory of the imaginary. Communication is here considered to be insufficient for the study of the catalysis of imaginaries and the production of symbolic images which are present in communication phenomena. This is due not only to the inadequacy of a process that is described in terms of sender-message-receiver, but especially to the self-evidence of imaginary and symbolic, as expressed in the language, resulting in a reduction of the imaginary to its social symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Annales: Histoire, Sciences Sociales is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In France, more and more employees, whether they are employed by state-owned or private enterprises, readily admit they suffer from stress. Although subjected to both deep and difficult transformations, post office counter clerks do not use the word. A three-year research study with counter clerks of La Poste, led by clinical sociologists from the viewpoint of clinical sociology, invites us to question the notion of stress. To begin, the paper takes the opportunity to clarify the use that a clinical sociologist makes of this English notion usually connected with individual psychology. It then shows in which circumstances the counter clerks, including those who work in offices considered 'calm', are in fact confronted with working conditions that qualify as stressful. Finally, through clinical cases, the paper contests the North American view of stress by showing that it is essentially founded on an individual understanding of this pathology and that it abusively overlooks the collective dimension of work in its account of a real suffering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Movement & Sport Sciences / Science & Motricité is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The theoretical and methodological works of Sir Karl Popper that have in sight the status, the scope as well as the methods of human sciences/social sciences are still important, outstanding and influential among the specialists. In what concerns the effort carried on by the scientific community in order to build up the human sciences, Popper points out and analyses - beginning with the '40's of the XXth century - some obstacles inherent to these sciences that appear in the very process of their "construction". According to their nature, a demarcation has been introduced (by A. Boyer) between the so-called "epistemological obstacles" and "real obstacles" that threaten the "house" of humanities. Our paper proposes, on Popperian basis, a critical analysis of the "epistemological obstacles", especially having in sight the scientism, the essentialism and the positivism from the point of view of the challenges of the knowledge society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A conference paper on pluralism from an intercultural epistemology perspective is presented. It discusses the problem with moral pluralism and the relationship between moral pluralism and cultural pluralism and presents several arguments in favor of cultural pluralism including the recognition, ontology, and utility of plurality. The four conditions to establish an intercultural epistemology including perspectivism, relativity of the truth, and epistemological and axiological agnosticism are also mentioned.

A conference paper on the political and legal aspects of laicism in Québec and France is presented. It defines the concept of laicism, comments on the separation of Church and State, and discusses the fear of communitarianism, the erosion of common values, and the threat to democracy. Additional topics include liberty of conscience and equality, reasonable accommodation and State neutrality, and the contributions of religions to social tolerance.

A conference paper on the evolution of laicism in Québec from 1760 to circa 2012 and the teaching of laicism in Québec's public schools is presented. It discusses Québec's transition from a clerical to a secular historiography after 1947 and the influence of the Catholic Church. Further topics include the founding of the Mouvement laïque de langue française (MLF), or the French language secularism movement, in April 1961, the emancipation of women, and the involvement of the Québec government.

A conference paper reflecting on the legislative bill for a secularism charter in Québec initiated by the political party Parti Québécois (PQ) is presented. It offers four reasons speaking against the need for such as charter. Further discussions include political philosophy, the separation between the State and the Catholic Church, the PQ's argument for such a charter, the concern over a hierarchy of fundamental rights, and the wearing of religious symbols by public employees.

A conference paper analyzing the history of the relationship between families and politics in Québec is presented. It discusses the six types of family structures according to French demographer Emmanuel Todd, including the egalitarian nuclear family, and the British Empire's differentialist colonial philosophy compared to the French Empire's universalist and assimilation philosophy. The political differences between Québec's Montréal and Québec regions are also noted.

A conference paper comparing liberal multiculturalism and republican multiculturalism is presented. It comments on pluralism and multiculturalism and presents liberal, republican, and communitarian criticisms on multiculturalism. The interculturalist model in the Bouchard-Taylor report, which was written by Canadian philosopher Charles Taylor and sociologist Gérard Bouchard in 2008 and concerns reasonable accommodations with regard to cultural differences in Québec is also discussed.

Copyright of Journal of Human Mediated Interactions / Revue des Interactions Humaines Médiatisées (RIHM) is the property of Europia Productions and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Population (00324663) is the property of Institut National d'Etudes Demographiques and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Criminologie is the property of Presses de l'Universite de Montreal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Papel Político is the property of Pontificia Universidad Javeriana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Natures Sciences Sociétés is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Natures Sciences Sociétés is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Presents an introduction to papers related to sociology that appeared in the 2005 issue of the journal "Social Compass."

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Copyright of Revue Française de Gestion is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Nouvelles Perspectives en Sciences Sociales is the property of Editions Prise de parole and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Sociologie de l' Art is the property of L'Harmattan Edition Diffusion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article presents abstracts on social science research including the emergence of interdisciplinarity in academic education and research, existence of knowledge or disciplines that are fundamental in interdisciplinarity and the methodological foundation between post-modern cultures and social and natural sciences.

Copyright of Nouvelles Perspectives en Sciences Sociales is the property of Editions Prise de parole and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Nouvelles Perspectives en Sciences Sociales is the property of Editions Prise de parole and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Natures Sciences Sociétés is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Sociologia Internationalis is the property of Duncker & Humblot GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Natures Sciences Sociétés is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revue d'Économie Régionale & urbaine is the property of Librairie Armand Colin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Politiques Sociales is the property of Service Social dans le Monde, asbl and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Sciences Sociales et Santé is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revue Tiers Monde is the property of Librairie Armand Colin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revue Tiers Monde is the property of Librairie Armand Colin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revue Tiers Monde is the property of Librairie Armand Colin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Sociologie & Sociétés is the property of Presses de l'Universite de Montreal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Sociologie & Sociétés is the property of Presses de l'Universite de Montreal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Sociologie & Sociétés is the property of Presses de l'Universite de Montreal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The closure of Université de Moncton's sociology department in the spring of 1969 constitutes a unique event in the history of Canadian academics. In this paper, the authors examine the causes behind this closure. They present an intermingling and collision of motivations of different actors and movements in Acadian academic life during the late sixties: student associations, the young sociology professors, the professors association, the university administration, etc. Beyond being simply a historical anecdote, the closing of the sociology department symbolizes a larger political crisis, where two social conceptions compete: the administration envisaged a rational administration of the social, while the sociology students and professors wished for a society based on socialist and participative principles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Sociologie & Sociétés is the property of Presses de l'Universite de Montreal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)