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Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Pecuarias is the property of Universidad de Antioquia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal (RBSPA) is the property of Revista Brasileira de Saude e Producao Animal (RBSPA) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archivos de Zootecnia is the property of Archivos de Zootecnia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Archivos de Zootecnia is the property of Archivos de Zootecnia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Scientiarum: Animal Sciences is the property of Universidade Estadual de Maringa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal (RBSPA) is the property of Revista Brasileira de Saude e Producao Animal (RBSPA) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Scientiarum: Animal Sciences is the property of Universidade Estadual de Maringa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Scientiarum: Animal Sciences is the property of Universidade Estadual de Maringa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Scientiarum: Animal Sciences is the property of Universidade Estadual de Maringa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Scientiarum: Animal Sciences is the property of Universidade Estadual de Maringa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Scientiarum: Animal Sciences is the property of Universidade Estadual de Maringa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Pecuarias is the property of Universidad de Antioquia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal (RBSPA) is the property of Revista Brasileira de Saude e Producao Animal (RBSPA) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Colloquium Agrariae is the property of Asociacao Prudentina de Educacao e Cultura (APEC) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Nova Economia is the property of Nova Economia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archivos de Zootecnia is the property of Archivos de Zootecnia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Scientia Agraria Paranaensis is the property of Revista Scientia Agraria Paranaensis and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Context: Most Brazilian beef breeding programs perform selection for young bodyweight, which will inevitably increase mature weight due to the genetic correlation among weights at different ages. Aims: The objective of the present study was to estimate genetic parameters for bodyweight from birth to maturity in Gir, Guzerat, Nelore and Caracu cows born between 1981 and 2014 at Centro APTA Bovinos de Corte, Instituto de Zootecnia, Sertãozinho, São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: The model included the fixed effects of contemporary group (herd and year of birth), month of birth and previous reproductive status (calved = 1, or not calved = 0), the linear and quadratic effects of animal and cow age as covariates, and direct additive genetic, maternal genetic and maternal permanent environmental effects as random effects. The genetic parameters were estimated by univariate analysis of weights adjusted at birth, and at 120, 210, 378, 450 and 550 days of age, and annually from 2 to 10 years. In addition, multivariate analysis was performed considering weights at birth, and at 210 and 550 days, and at 5 years of age for all breeds. Key results: For the different breeds, the heritability estimates ranged from 0.28 to 0.49 for birthweight, from 0.11 to 0.31 for weaning weight, from 0.25 to 0.43 for yearling weight, and from 0.25 to 0.69 for weights from 2 to 10 years of age. The genetic correlations were high and positive, indicating that selection at any age will affect weights at the other ages. Conclusions: The results suggest the possibility of genetic progress for weights at different ages and the use of the young weights to monitor the mature weight of the animals. Implications: As the trait most strongly correlated with mature weight was yearling weight, already used as the selection criteria for females in the breeding program of the Instituto de Zootecnia, selection indexes should be derived to keep the mature cow weight constant, since heavier cows could be undesirable for pasture-based Brazilian production systems. Selecting cattle for bodyweight at young ages alters mature weight, which may not be desirable due to the rearing of cows in extensive pasture systems and the increased nutritional requirements of larger animals. High and positive genetic correlations indicated a strong association among measurements at different ages, and selection for the desired mature weight should be performed through selection indices to simultaneously select the desired weight at young age and at maturity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Periódico Tchê Química is the property of Grupo Tche Quimica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Nucleus Animalium is the property of Fundacao Educacional de Ituverava and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Simple Summary: We aimed to evaluate the reproductive efficiency of Nelore cows in fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) programs with early resynchronization. During the 1st resynchronization, the rates were 45.22% in the R30 group and 46.67% in the R22 group (p = 0.742). The cumulative pregnancy rate after the 1st FTAI, the 1st and 2nd resynchronizations were 80.77% in the R30 group and 82.91% in the R22 group (p = 0.643), with no significant difference observed. Follicular dynamics were also monitored, with ovulation occurring in 78.95% of cases in the 1st FTAI, 91.67% in the 1st resynchronization, and 88.98% in the 2nd resynchronization. The findings indicate that early and conventional resynchronization protocols perform similarly, with early resynchronization offering advantages in reducing the calving interval. Furthermore, the relationship between follicular diameter and ovulation confirms the importance of follicle size as an indicator of reproductive success. We aimed to evaluate the reproductive efficiency of Nelore cows in fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) programs with early resynchronization. A total of 468 Nelore cows were divided into two experimental groups: R30—conventional resynchronization at 30 days (n = 234); R22—early resynchronization at 22 days (n = 234). Both groups followed a synchronization protocol using intravaginal progesterone devices combined with the administration of steroids and gonadotropins. The R30 protocol involved resynchronization 30 days after FTAI, while the R22 protocol implemented early resynchronization 22 days after FTAI without prior pregnancy diagnosis. In both groups, one FTAI was followed by two resynchronizations. The results showed similar pregnancy rates between the groups, with the pregnancy rate in the 1st FTAI being 50.85% in the R30 group and 48.72% in the R22 group (p = 0.742). During the 1st resynchronization, the rates were 45.22% in the R30 group and 46.67% in the R22 group (p = 0.742). The cumulative pregnancy rate after the 1st FTAI, 1st, and 2nd resynchronizations was 80.77% in the R30 group and 82.91% in the R22 group (p = 0.643), with no significant difference observed. Follicular dynamics were also monitored, with ovulation occurring in 78.95% of cases in the 1st FTAI, 91.67% in the 1st resynchronization, and 88.98% in the 2nd resynchronization. The mean diameter of the ovulatory follicle was 13.64 ± 3.48 mm, and the largest follicle diameter was significantly greater (14.47 ± 2.76 mm) in cows that ovulated compared to those that did not (11.54 ± 4.24 mm) (p < 0.05), reinforcing the association between follicle size and the likelihood of ovulation. These findings indicate that both early and conventional resynchronization protocols perform similarly, with early resynchronization offering advantages in reducing the calving interval. Furthermore, the relationship between follicular diameter and ovulation confirms the importance of follicle size as an indicator of reproductive success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Nutritional strategies such as supplementation may be effective in maintaining the productivity of beef cattle raised on pastures. To optimize animal production, feed additives are used together with supplements to ensure an interaction between basal and supplementary resources. This study aimed to evaluate how additives in protein–energy supplements (PESs) improve beef cattle raised on pasture. Five cattle were tested via a 5 × 5 Latin square design, with treatments including a mineral mixture (MM) and a PES with or without additives such as monensin sodium, functional oil, or active yeast. Compared with MM, the PES increased total dry matter intake (DMI), crude protein intake, and nitrogen levels. However, the additives did not significantly impact nutrient intake or digestibility. The PES also increased microbial nitrogen synthesis and efficiency. Pasture-based beef cattle production systems aim to maximize the interaction between forage and supplements to increase activity. In addition, supplementation and the use of food additives help optimize production efficiency and improve the use of additional nutrients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the use of additives in protein–energy supplements (PESs) on the intake, digestibility, and ruminal parameters of beef cattle raised on pasture in the rearing phase. Five male cattle were allocated to a 5 × 5 Latin square design, with five experimental periods and five treatments. The animals were kept under continuous grazing in individual paddocks of marandu palisadegrass (Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu). The treatments consisted of a mineral mixture (MM) (0.080 kg/animal/day), PES (4.0 kg/animal/day), PES with monensin sodium (120 mg/animal/day), PES with functional oil (2500 mg/animal/day) and PES with active yeast (4000 mg/animal/day). PESs increased the total dry matter intake (DMI) (kg/day) and the DMI in terms of % body weight (%BW) and increased the intake of crude protein (CP) and the dry matter intake of digestible organic matter (DOM). The use of additives did not affect nutrient intake or digestibility. Compared with MM, the PES increased the concentrations of ruminal ammonia nitrogen and serum urea nitrogen. In addition, there was an increase in fecal nitrogen, retained nitrogen, microbial nitrogen synthesis and microbial efficiency. The use of monensin sodium, functional oil and active yeast in protein–energy supplements for beef cattle in pastures did not affect the nutritional parameters under the conditions observed in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tropical pastures intercropped with legumes have been gaining prominence for increasing the efficiency of livestock production systems when compared to pasture monocultures. Here, our objective was to understand the fermentation processes that tropical grass and legumes underwent when included in ruminant diets, which have previously been found to optimize animal performance while reducing the intensity of enteric CH4 emissions. For this purpose, three areas containing pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) and Urochloa spp. were sampled. Samples were dried, grounded, chemically analyzed, and included in five proportions (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) of pigeon pea in the diet. The diets were then analyzed using an in vitro fermentation technique. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS statistical software, considering bottles as replicates, and our results suggest that a 25% inclusion of pigeon pea is optimal for balancing CH4 mitigation and fermentation efficiency, highlighting the importance of more studies with this legume due to its benefits, especially as a supplement during drought periods that impact the production and quality of tropical pastures. It is important to consider that pigeon pea's secondary compounds may have positively modulated the fermentation process and reduced CH4 emissions. However, excessive legume inclusion can negatively affect digestibility and animal health, impairing animal performance and the sustainability of pasture-based production systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the fermentative parameters and chemical compositions of corn grain silages rehydrated with different moisture levels, inoculated with bacteria (Lentilactobacillus hilgardii combined with Lentilactobacillus buchneri), and investigate the impact of this strategy on silage at different storage times. The study was carried out in the Animal Nutrition Laboratory, Rio Verde, Brazil. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, in a triple factorial scheme, with six replications per treatment. At 30 and 40% moisture levels, the inoculant increased acidity. However, it was only at 35% moisture level that the inoculated silage achieved the pH within the appropriate range (4.16). In the silage without inoculant, the effluent loss was lower only in the silage with 30% moisture (9.11 g kg-1 DM). The presence or absence of the inoculant does not affect the concentration of crude protein and total carbohydrates. Rehydration with 35% moisture is recommended for quality silage production. Although the inoculant does not affect the chemical composition of the silage, its use is essential to ensure a proper fermentation process, preserve the quality and also to reduce nutrient losses during the moist grain silage preparation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines CH4 and N2O fluxes during the dry season in two distinct areas of the Pantanal: Barranco Alto Farm (BAF), dominated by grasslands, and Passo da Lontra (PL), a forested region. As climate change increases the occurrence of droughts, understanding greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes in tropical wetlands during dry periods is crucial. Using static chambers, CH4 and N2O emissions were measured from soils and tree stems in both regions, with additional measurements from grass in BAF. Contrary to expectations, PL—characterized by clayey soils—had sandy mud samples that retained less water, promoting oxic conditions and methane uptake, making it a CH4 sink. Meanwhile, BAF's sandy, well-drained soils exhibited minimal CH4 fluxes, with negligible methane uptake or emissions. N2O fluxes were generally higher in BAF, particularly from tree stems, indicating significant interactions between soil type, moisture, and vegetation. These findings highlight the pivotal roles of soil texture and aeration in GHG emissions, suggesting that well-drained, sandy soils in tropical wetlands may not always enhance methane oxidation. This underscores the importance of continuous GHG monitoring in the Pantanal to refine climate change mitigation strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal (RBSPA) is the property of Revista Brasileira de Saude e Producao Animal (RBSPA) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Scientiarum: Animal Sciences is the property of Universidade Estadual de Maringa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Veterinaria Brasilica is the property of Acta Veterinaria Brasilica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As the balance of forces in Brazil shifted toward conservatism in the 2010s, regional agricultural elites and Jair Bolsonaro formed a political-economic movement. This article analyses the constitution and consolidation of this movement, here called agri-bolsonarism, considering its connections with national agricultural associations and transnational agribusiness corporations and its relations with agrarian and climate politics. The research is based on participant observation in business associations, corporate and state archives and interviews with private and political leaders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Agroveterinarias is the property of Revista de Ciencias Agroveterinarias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archivos de Zootecnia is the property of Archivos de Zootecnia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: This study aimed to verify whether adding a combination of additives (blend) to the diet of dairy calves after weaning can improve animal performance and health and influence the profile of ruminal short-chain fatty acids and intestinal microbiota. Methods: We used 35 Holstein calves, males, with an average age of 70 days and an average body weight of 68 kg. The treatments used were negative control (T-0: without additive), positive control (T-Control: flavomycin + monensin), T-500 (500 g blend/ton), T-1000 (1000 g blend/ton), and T-1500 (1500 g blend/ton). The additives were classified as zootechnical (probiotics, prebiotics, and essential oils of cinnamon and oregano) and nutritional additive (minerals). Results: Weight gain and daily weight gain were higher for calves in the T-Control, T-500, and T-1000 groups. The concentration of heavy-chain immunoglobulins was higher in the blood of calves in the T-Control and T-500 groups when compared to the other groups. In the T-1500 groups, higher levels of reactive oxygen species were observed, while, in the T-0 and T-1500 groups, higher levels of TBARS and glutathione S-transferase activity were detected. The 15 abundant microorganisms in the calves' feces, regardless of treatment, were Treponema suis, Treponema saccharophilum, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Pseudoflavonifractor sp., Roseburia faecis, Rikenellaceae, Enterobacteriaceae_f, Clostridium sp., Roseburia intestinalis, Aeromonadales_o, Prevotella copri, Treponema succinifaciens, Eubacterium sp., Treponema porcium, and Succinivibrio sp. The T-1000 group showed greater alpha diversity for the intestinal microbiota than T-Control, T-0, and T-500. The additive combination (T-1000) increased the bacterial activity in the ruminal fluid, and the animals of T-1000 had a higher concentration of short-chain fatty acids compared to T-0 and T-1500; this difference is because, in these calves, the production of acetic, butyric, and propionic acid increased. Conclusions: The combination of additives had positive effects on animal health, ruminal volatile fatty acid production, and intestinal microbiota, resulting in animals with more significant weight gain and feed efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Pecuarias is the property of Universidad de Antioquia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background and aims: The Brachiaria sp. (synonymous with Urochloa) is one of Brazil's main grass species used in livestock production and has become the focus of breeding genetic programs to enhance its resistance to drought, flooding, and pests, as well as improving its palatability to animals. However, there is a limited understanding of how genetic breeding can affect the soil microbiome and its potential functions. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the impact of four different Brachiaria varieties on the soil prokaryotic and fungal communities, with focus on the N-cycle. Methods: We combined molecular techniques, such as quantitative PCR and amplicon sequencing, to target prokaryotic and fungal communities and traditional soil and plant chemical analyses. The treatments were composed of the varieties of B. brizantha cv. Marandu (BM), B. ruziziensis (BR), Brachiaria spp. cv. Ipyporã (BI), B. brizantha cv. BRS Paiaguás (BP) and control without plants. Results: Our findings revealed that all varieties improved soil porosity, P content, organic carbon, and potential functions as Chemoheterotroph, Aerobic-Chemoheterotroph, and Pathotroph-Saprotroph groups. Soil acidity, nutrient availability, and porosity were the main drivers of the microbial communities. The study also identified the ability of each variety to recruit microbial nitrogen-fixers and ammonia-oxidizers. Conclusion: We highlighted that Brachiaria varieties can favor soil microbial communities related to the release of nutrients, resistance to pathogens, and environmental stress. Also, the BI variety showed a higher potential to improve soil quality by increasing soil porosity and potential AMFs. Besides that, all varieties showed some potential to benefit intercropping and crop rotation systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Factors such as social isolation, environmental unpredictability, and the need for physical containment are commonly present in experimental flow respirometry trials, which in turn are highly likely to induce voluntary and the autonomic fear responses in animals. These responses can introduce biases, often invisible, to study interpretations. In this study, we employed a protocol to train 30 Nellore cattle for non-ventilated and valved facial mask flow respirometry trials. The training lasted 127 days and consisted of gradually altering the animals' environment and associating it with positive stimuli. During this period, we evaluated the pattern of evolution of the animals' reactivity through behavioral and physiological measures. An unsupervised artificial intelligence model was employed to identify dissimilarity patterns among the animals. Overall, animals classified as less reactive (n = 17) presented reduced aversive behavioral responses to containment (e.g., trunk movement, attempts to remove the mask) and to the use of the valved facial mask, while those more reactive (n = 13) had a progressive increase in these responses. At the end of the training, less reactive animals could be contained in the chute and wear the valved facial mask for 25–30 min without apparent behavioral and physiological changes. Training is instrumental in identifying and selecting cattle that exhibit greater cooperation with experimental conditions required in flow respirometry assays, like restraint and the use of a valved facial mask. In our study, a tailored training protocol for Nellore cattle facilitated their participation in flow respirometry assays with a valved facial mask. Over 127 days, 30 entire Nellore males, weighing 450 ± 25 kg and averaging 32 ± 2 months, underwent training from May to September 2022. The regimen involved gradually altering the animals' environment and providing positive reinforcement, divided into three phases. Physiological and behavioral responses to containment routines and facial mask use were meticulously assessed. Principal component analyses revealed dissimilarity patterns among the animals. Animals classified as less reactive showed increased acceptance of handling, reduced reactions to weighing, and greater tolerance of the facial mask. In the final phase, the least reactive animals tolerated wearing a valved mask for extended periods without notable changes in respiratory rate. The training protocol effectively identified and selected Nellore cattle displaying enhanced cooperation with restraint and mask use during flow respirometry assays, without apparent behavioral or physiological alterations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The incorporation of monensin into cattle diets can significantly alter the physicochemical properties of excreted manure, potentially affecting waste management and treatment systems given the persistence of substantial concentrations of ionophores in the effluent. This study assessed the impact of monensin on the compositional characteristics of cattle manure and its implications for anaerobic digestion efficiency, with and without the separation of manure fractions across two hydraulic retention times (HRTs). Manure samples were collected from cattle fed with doses of monensin at 0, 1.8, 3.6, 5.4, and 7.2 mg per kg of dry matter intake. The HRTs investigated were 20 days (HRT20) and 30 days (HRT30). Increasing monensin inclusion in the diets resulted in a notable decrease in the quantities of total solids (TSs), volatile solids (VSs), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) per animal per day, accompanied by an increase in lignin content and mass. Fraction separation during anaerobic digestion enhances the reduction of TSs, VSs, and NDF, thereby optimizing biogas and methane production potentials and elevating methane concentrations. The presence of monensin correlated with the reduced degradation of organic components during the anaerobic digestion process. To maximize the efficiency of the anaerobic digestion of manure from cattle diets supplemented with monensin, a 30-day HRT combined with fraction separation is recommended. This approach can enhance biogas yield and methane content, thereby improving the sustainability and efficacy of waste treatment processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integrated crop–livestock systems (ICLS) have sustainably intensified modern agricultural practices worldwide. This research assessed how production systems and crop types impact the chemical properties of an Oxisol in the Brazilian Cerrado, the grain yield of corn intercropped with palisade grass (Urochloa) in the off-season in an ICLS, and the grain yield (GY) of soybean in succession. Intercropped and monocropped systems were assessed in a three-year field experiment: corn + Urochloa ruziziensis–soybean; corn + U. brizantha cv. Piatã–soybean; corn + U. brizantha cv. Paiaguás–soybean (ICL–Paiaguás); corn–soybean under a no-tillage system (NTS); corn–soybean under a conventional tillage system (CTS); Piatã grass–continuous grazing (Perennial Piatã); and Paiaguás grass–continuous grazing (Perennial Paiaguás). The residual impact of phosphate fertilization was more pronounced in the ICLS treatments. In the soil layer from 0.0 to 0.2 m depth, ICLS–Paiaguás and Perennial Piatã had the most positive effects on soil chemical quality. In the last year, grain yield was highest in corn monoculture under the NTS and soybean in succession under the ICLS. ICL–Paiaguás improved soil chemical properties for soybean in succession. These results confirm that an intermittent pasture system for legume crops in sequence is an alternative that can maintain or improve soil chemical composition, and that CTS should be avoided in tropical sandy soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: The future of livestock farming is based on grazing management practices that balance using natural resources and forage technical efficiency for cattle. Aims: This study aimed to investigate the bromatological characteristics and cattle performance under continuous and intermittent stocking systems in Panicum maximum cvv. Mombaça and Tanzania pastures, as well as identify the appropriate height for managing these forages. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were used from selecting studies available in scientific article format in electronic databases: Google Scholar, ISI Web of Science, and PubMed. We identified 4691 documents, of which 13 were submitted to meta-analysis. Key results: Tanzania pasture presented 564.25 ± 38.56 g kg−1 of leaf biomass dry matter (DM) and 3.09 ± 0.34 of leaf stem−1 ratio in intermittent stocking system, which was higher than continuous system, with values of 313.10 ± 38.56 g kg−1 DM (P = 0.0380) and 1.04 ± 0.34 (P = 0.0216), respectively. Animals' average daily gain was greater in continuous stocking system than intermittent system, with values of 0.91 kg day−1 and 0.67 kg day−1, respectively. Additionally, post-grazing height ≥31 cm for Tanzania increased average daily gain by 28.3% (P = 0.0263), and height ≥39 cm for Mombaça increased average daily gain by 38.1% (P = 0.0002). Conclusions: Post-grazing residues from the intermittent method or constant pasture height from the continuous method are the main indicators for adapting pasture management. Therefore, grazing management at heights between ≥31 and 39 cm for Tanzania and Mombaça is promising for animal performance. Implications: Results provide subsidies for decision making regarding grazing management to maximise animal productivity. The future of livestock farming is based on forage management practices that balance the use of natural resources and the technical efficiency of forage farming for cattle. Therefore, we investigated the methods of using Panicum maximum cvv. Mombaça and Tanzania forages, and our findings demonstrate that post-grazing residues are the main indicators for adapting grazing management. Managing pasture at heights between ≥31 and ≥39 cm for both cultivars increases cattle performance, a basic strategy for competitiveness in pasture-based livestock farming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Agriculture worldwide has been challenged by how to grow sustainably to feed a rising population without depleting natural resources. This is also the case in Brazil and, in particular, for beef farming, which is carried out across the country in all biomes and plays a relevant role in Brazil's economy. This article reviews the major changes in beef farming over the last few decades toward a sustainable intensification of grass-fed beef. We also discuss the potential impact of technological developments on small- to medium-scale farms and reflect on some initiatives that may help farmers stay up-to-date with climate-friendly technologies. Their persistence will rely on their ability to remain competitive, which requires the incorporation of sustainable technologies, the development of new capabilities such as digital literacy, and access to credit and technical assistance. This study has implications for policymakers, financial institutions, and extension services. Brazil is the second largest beef producer and a leading exporter, contributing to some 3000 t CWE in global markets (27.7% of market share). The sector has experienced substantial development, but yields remain far below potential, and there are growing concerns regarding land use change and greenhouse gas emissions. The need for sustainable technologies, such as sound pasture management and integrated farming systems, is evident, but adoption may be low amongst farmers unable to keep up with technological advances. This article describes the historical developments of Brazilian beef farming towards sustainability and discusses possible socioenvironmental outcomes. We combined an extensive literature review, public data, and our own insights as senior researchers to achieve that. The trajectory shown here evidenced the technological intensification of Brazilian beef farming, with strong support of public policies for decarbonizing agriculture. Nonetheless, the pace of this transition may affect small to medium farmers with limited access to information, technologies, and credit. Our recommendations involve a broad program of technical assistance and training on sustainable technologies, including financial and digital literacy. A novel approach to financing farmers is suggested to support a sustainable and inclusive transition in beef farming in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Simple Summary: During the reception stage, received beef calves are considered "high risk", experiencing low feed intake, which leads to negative energy balance and increased susceptibility to diseases. This can result in high morbidity and mortality and substantial economic losses. For this reason, the primary goal at receiving is to boost nutrient intake, which can be accomplished by enhancing the energy content of the diet. This can be achieved by increasing levels of concentrate (CON), along with calcium propionate (CaPr) at daily doses of 20 g/hd/d. The findings suggest a daily CaPr supplementation of 20 g and a CON level of 50% over a period of 42 d significantly enhances growth performance, dietary utilization, and economic return in high-risk calves. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of daily calcium propionate (CaPr) supplementation (0 or 20 g/calf) on growth performance, dietary energetics, body fat reserves, serum metabolites, and hematological responses in high-risk beef calves fed diets with varying (50, 60, or 70%) concentrate (CON) levels. In addition, a cost/income analysis of CaPr supplementation was carried out. Forty-eight crossbred bull calves (152.8 ± 1.56 kg body weight and 5.5 months of age) were involved in a fully randomized experimental design employing a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments. Calves were allocated (n = 8 per treatment) to individual pens (3.14 × 5.25 m) and were subjected to one of the following treatments during 42 d: No CaPr supplementation in diets containing 50, 60, or 70% CON (NoCaPr + 50, NoCaPr + 60, NoCaPr + 70, respectively) or daily CaPr supplementation dosed at 20 g/calf in diets containing 50, 60, or 70% CON (20CaPr + 50, 20CaPr + 60, 20CaPr + 70, respectively). Non-supplemented calves exhibited decreased dry matter intake (DMI) with increasing CON levels in their diets, while CaPr-supplemented calves displayed the opposite effect (interaction, p = 0.04). In calves fed a lower-CON diet (50%), those supplemented with CaPr showed greater average daily gain (ADG, 20.2%, p = 0.05) and lower DMI (2.2%, p = 0.03), resulting in improved ADG/DMI ratio, dietary energy, and energy retention (24.6, 14.4, and 18%, p < 0.05). These effects diminished when calves received diets with 60 or 70% CON but led to a 14.2% increase in rump fat thickness (p = 0.04). Only in non-supplemented CaPr calves, increasing the level of CON from 50 to 70% in the diet increased ADG (21.2%), decreased DMI (2.2%), and improved the ADG/DMI ratio (22.7%), with no impact on dietary net energy utilization. Non-supplemented calves exhibited an increase in lymphocytes as CON levels rose in their diets, whereas CaPr-supplemented calves showed the opposite effect (interaction, p = 0.05). Supplementation of CaPr decreased total protein (TP, p = 0.03) and albumin (ALB, p < 0.01) serum concentrations, with lower concentrations observed in 20CaPr + 50. CaPr supplementation reduced (p = 0.01) total cholesterol (TCHO) levels. An interaction between CaPr and CON level (p = 0.02) was observed since TCHO levels remained consistently low at higher CON levels. Glucose was decreased with increasing levels of CON (p = 0.02) but not (p = 0.85) for CaPr-supplemented calves. NoCaPr + 50 and NoCaPr + 70 increased (p = 0.05) ALB concentration. Gamma glutamyltransferase levels increased (p = 0.05) with increasing CON levels irrespective of CaPr supplementation. Comparing the profit within the same CON level in the diet, CaPr treatments yielded higher income, with the largest difference in profit observed when CaPr was supplemented at 50% CON level (USD 29 more/calf). In conclusion, CaPr supplementation proves to be an effective strategy for enhancing growth performance and dietary energy among high-risk beef calves, resulting in greater economic returns. The groups that received CaPr demonstrated superior profitability, particularly in calves fed diets with lower CON levels. Under the conditions in which this experiment was carried out, the optimal response occurred when the low-CON diet (50%) was supplemented with CaPr. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Agroveterinarias is the property of Revista de Ciencias Agroveterinarias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Ciencia Animal - RECIA is the property of Revista Colombiana de Ciencia Animal - RECIA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)