3 results
Search Results
2. Contextualizing remote fall risk: Video data capture and implementing ethical AI.
- Author
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Moore, Jason, McMeekin, Peter, Parkes, Thomas, Walker, Richard, Morris, Rosie, Stuart, Samuel, Hetherington, Victoria, and Godfrey, Alan
- Subjects
RISK assessment ,COMPUTERS ,PREDICTION models ,RESEARCH funding ,ARTIFICIAL intelligence ,PRIVACY ,PRODUCT design ,PILOT projects ,WEARABLE technology ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,DIAGNOSIS ,GAIT in humans ,HOME environment ,TELEMEDICINE ,SOUND recordings ,NEUROLOGICAL disorders ,ACQUISITION of data ,ARTIFICIAL neural networks ,MEDICAL needs assessment ,DATA analysis software ,COMPARATIVE studies ,INDIVIDUALIZED medicine ,ACCIDENTAL falls ,VIDEO recording ,MEDICAL ethics ,SENSITIVITY & specificity (Statistics) ,ALGORITHMS ,OPTICAL head-mounted displays ,EVALUATION - Abstract
Wearable inertial measurement units (IMUs) are being used to quantify gait characteristics that are associated with increased fall risk, but the current limitation is the lack of contextual information that would clarify IMU data. Use of wearable video-based cameras would provide a comprehensive understanding of an individual's habitual fall risk, adding context to clarify abnormal IMU data. Generally, there is taboo when suggesting the use of wearable cameras to capture real-world video, clinical and patient apprehension due to ethical and privacy concerns. This perspective proposes that routine use of wearable cameras could be realized within digital medicine through AI-based computer vision models to obfuscate/blur/shade sensitive information while preserving helpful contextual information for a comprehensive patient assessment. Specifically, no person sees the raw video data to understand context, rather AI interprets the raw video data first to blur sensitive objects and uphold privacy. That may be more routinely achieved than one imagines as contemporary resources exist. Here, to showcase/display the potential an exemplar model is suggested via off-the-shelf methods to detect and blur sensitive objects (e.g., people) with an accuracy of 88%. Here, the benefit of the proposed approach includes a more comprehensive understanding of an individual's free-living fall risk (from free-living IMU-based gait) without compromising privacy. More generally, the video and AI approach could be used beyond fall risk to better inform habitual experiences and challenges across a range of clinical cohorts. Medicine is becoming more receptive to wearables as a helpful toolbox, camera-based devices should be plausible instruments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Generating synthetic mixed-type longitudinal electronic health records for artificial intelligent applications.
- Author
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Li, Jin, Cairns, Benjamin J., Li, Jingsong, and Zhu, Tingting
- Subjects
COMPUTER simulation ,PRIVACY ,INTENSIVE care units ,CLINICAL decision support systems ,VITAL signs ,ARTIFICIAL intelligence ,PATIENT readmissions ,CATASTROPHIC illness ,TREATMENT effectiveness ,HOSPITAL mortality ,PATIENT monitoring ,COMPARATIVE studies ,MEDICAL ethics ,CRITICAL care medicine ,TIME series analysis ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,DECISION making in clinical medicine ,ELECTRONIC health records ,ARTIFICIAL neural networks ,PREDICTION models ,ALGORITHMS ,PROBABILITY theory ,EVALUATION - Abstract
The recent availability of electronic health records (EHRs) have provided enormous opportunities to develop artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms. However, patient privacy has become a major concern that limits data sharing across hospital settings and subsequently hinders the advances in AI. Synthetic data, which benefits from the development and proliferation of generative models, has served as a promising substitute for real patient EHR data. However, the current generative models are limited as they only generate singletype of clinical data for a synthetic patient, i.e., either continuous-valued or discrete-valued. To mimic the nature of clinical decision-making which encompasses various data types/sources, in this study, we propose a generative adversarial network (GAN) entitled EHR-M-GAN that simultaneously synthesizes mixed-type timeseries EHR data. EHR-M-GAN is capable of capturing the multidimensional, heterogeneous, and correlated temporal dynamics in patient trajectories. We have validated EHR-M-GAN on three publicly-available intensive care unit databases with records from a total of 141,488 unique patients, and performed privacy risk evaluation of the proposed model. EHR-M-GAN has demonstrated its superiority over state-of-the-art benchmarks for synthesizing clinical timeseries with high fidelity, while addressing the limitations regarding data types and dimensionality in the current generative models. Notably, prediction models for outcomes of intensive care performed significantly better when training data was augmented with the addition of EHR-M-GAN-generated timeseries. EHR-M-GAN may have use in developing AI algorithms in resource-limited settings, lowering the barrier for data acquisition while preserving patient privacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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