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Neodymium (Nd) magnets (Nd 2 Fe 14 B) are key materials for achieving high energy conversion efficiency. The coercive forces (fields) of the magnets are often reinforced by adding dysprosium (Dy), especially at high temperatures. To understand the magnetic properties of Dy-substituted systems (Nd 1 − x Dy x) 2 Fe 14 B, it is important to study those of Dy 2 Fe 14 B and Nd 2 Fe 14 B and analyze the difference in detail from a microscopic viewpoint. Applying a recently developed atomistic model approach, we investigated thermodynamic properties of these magnets. We studied the temperature and field dependences of the magnetizations, and anisotropy fields and energies. We found that the simulation results captured the characteristic features of the experimentally observed data. We discuss the detail with the magnetization profiles of the component atoms. Furthermore, we investigated the effect of Dy random substitution on the coercivity in two systems: one in contact with vacuum and the other in contact with a grain boundary phase. We found that the threshold fields increased almost linearly with the concentration of Dy atoms in both systems, which was compared to the results of the layer-by-layer substitution effect analyzed in our previous work. We discuss the influence of the arrangement of Dy atoms on coercivity enhancement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Element substitution of BaTiO 3 -based compounds has been demonstrated as a powerful way for designing novel electronic materials (such as polar metals and multiferroics). To trigger magnetism into ferroelectric BaTiO 3 , general substituted elements are magnetic transition metals (such as Mn, Fe, and Co). The doping effect of rare-earth elements (such as Dy) in BaTiO 3 -based compounds was barely investigated. Here, we report the coexistence of magnetism and electric polarization in epitaxial Dy 0.5 Ba 0.5 TiO 3 films. The single-crystalline films were synthesized by high-pressure magnetron sputtering. The crystal and electronic structures were characterized by high-resolution x-ray diffraction, x-ray photoemission spectroscopy, and resonant soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy. Room-temperature electric polarization was demonstrated by optical second-harmonic generation. Temperature-dependent magnetic hysteresis loops were measured to reveal the revolution of magnetism on temperature. Surprisingly, it is uncovered that the Curie temperature of electric-polarized Dy 0.5 Ba 0.5 TiO 3 films is around 100 K, far above the critical temperature of non-polarized DyTiO 3 (near 60 K). Our work provides another view to understand the magnetoelectric materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

DyPc2 and DyPc2•CH2Cl2 were prepared using the solvent thermal method. The x-ray diffractometer and the Fourier transform infrared spectrometer were used to explore the structure changes between DyPc2 and DyPc2•CH2Cl2. The results clearly demonstrate that the CH2Cl2 molecule can alter the crystal structures and, thus, change the molecular stacking structures of DyPc2 without destroying molecular integrity. Geometry optimization further proved that DyPc2 belongs to the space group P212121, while DyPc2•CH2Cl2 crystallizes in the space group Pnma. It is clearly demonstrated that the different molecular environment affects the structure of a single DyPc2 molecule to some extent, such as the twist angles of two Pc rings and the Pc−Dy−Pc angles. The molar magnetic susceptibility and hysteresis loops for DyPc2 and DyPc2•CH2Cl2 were also measured and compared. The negative Weiss constants were obtained by the Curie−Weiss law fitting above 50 K. The hysteresis loop for DyPc2•CH2Cl2 is wider than that of DyPc2, implying that the magnetic relaxation of DyPc2 slowed down, while quantum tunneling of the magnetization is prevented efficiently after absorbing CH2Cl2 molecules. This work clarifies the correlation between the molecular environment and magnetism of single-molecule magnets, which is helpful for their design guideline and future applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetocaloric properties of TbCrO3 and TmCrO3 are reported and compared with those of the previously reported rare-earth chromites RCrO3 (R = Gd, Dy, Ho, and Er) and other perovskite-type oxides. The samples of TbCrO3 and TmCrO3 in this work were synthesized using a citrate gel combustion technique, and their magnetic properties were investigated and compared with those reported previously on RCrO3 (R = Gd, Dy, Ho, and Er). The Cr3+–Cr3+ ordering temperatures were found to strongly depend on the ionic radii of the rare-earth. By fitting the dc magnetization data with modified Curie–Weiss law including the Dzyaloshinsky–Moriya antisymmetric exchange interaction (D) and the symmetric exchange constant Je, spin canting angles (α) were obtained. In general, α was found to increase with the decreasing ionic radii of R3+ in RCrO3. The magnetocaloric properties investigated included the magnetic entropy change (−ΔS) for a given change in magnetic field (ΔH), the corresponding adiabatic temperature change (ΔTad), and their relative variations (ΔTad/ΔH) and (−ΔS/ΔH). It is observed that for RCrO3, (−ΔS) measured in the vicinity of the ordering temperature of R3+–R3+, varies almost as G2/3 where G is the de Gennes factor. Among RCrO3, GdCrO3 shows the largest value of (−ΔS/ΔH), because of its largest G factor and its magnitudes of (ΔTad/ΔH) and (−ΔS/ΔH) compare well with the reported values for the perovskites GdFeO3 and EuTiO3. These comparisons presented here provide useful information on the potential use of these materials in magneto-refrigeration technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In composite magnets, an in-depth understanding of magnetization reversal behaviors promotes optimizing the structure design of a magnet and improving its performance. In this work, the perpendicular magnetic anisotropic Ta/La–Pr–Fe–B/Dy/La–Pr–Fe–B/Ta multilayers have been prepared by adjusting the thickness of the Dy layer. The domain reversal evolutionary procedure has been investigated in different aspects including the characterization of domain morphology, micromagnetic analysis, and irreversible reversal distribution. It is confirmed that the nucleation mechanism is dominant in determining the coercivity of the multilayers with Dy diffusion. Dy diffusion helps to enhance the coercivity of the multilayers. The formation of Dy-containing hard magnetic phases and rare-earth-rich grain boundary phases by adding the Dy element leads to a strong nucleation field and isolation of hard magnetic phase grains, respectively. Our results aid in the understanding of magnetization reversal behaviors and enhance the magnetic properties of highly abundant rare-earth permanent magnetic multilayer films with the doping element. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cryogenic magnetocaloric effect has attracted great attention due to its application in cryogenic refrigeration technology, which is essential for space science and quantum computing. In this study, the magnetocaloric effect of Gd2GeMoO8 (GGMO) and Dy2GeMoO8 (DGMO), which were prepared by simple solid-state reactions, had been investigated. The XRD refinement analysis suggested that GGMO and DGMO crystallize in a tetragonal structure. A large magnetic entropy change (ΔSM) of −41.2 J kg−1 K−1 was observed at 1.8 K for GGMO under a magnetic field (ΔH) of 7 T. A moderate ΔSM of −14.1 J kg−1 K−1 was obtained at 4.5 K under a ΔH of 7 T in DGMO. The refrigeration capacity and relative cooling power reached 257.4 and 337.8 J kg−1 for GGMO and 133.3 and 143.7 J kg−1 for DGMO, respectively, under a ΔH of 0–7 T. Our results suggest that GGMO is a competitive cryogenic magnetic refrigeration material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Breaking the topological protection of surface states of topological insulators is an essential prerequisite for exploring their applications. This is achievable by magnetic doping, in reduced dimensions, and predictably by introducing disorder beyond a critical level. In certain cases, the former is also known to induce a transition from weak anti-localization (WAL) to weak localization (WL). Here, we report the occurrence of paramagnetism, hopping conduction, and WL in chemically prepared unannealed Dy x Bi 2 − x Se 3 (x = 0 , 0.1, and 0.3) nanoplates primarily via dc magnetization, resistivity, and magnetoconductance measurements. The paramagnetism in the magnetic-atom-free Bi 2 Se 3 nanoplates is ascribed, using density functional theory calculations, to the acquisition of magnetic moments by defects. The defect density in pure Bi 2 Se 3 is estimated to be high (∼ 10 19 defects/cm 3). Successive Dy doping brings in further incremental disorder, apart from the Dy atomic moments. The nanoplates are shown to sequentially exhibit thermally activated band conduction, nearest neighbor hopping, Mott variable range hopping (VRH), and Efros–Shklovskii VRH with decreasing temperature. WL is evident from the observed positive magnetoconductance. Annealing converts the WL behavior to WAL, arguably by setting in the topological protection on a substantial reduction of the disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Nd-Fe-B (tNFB=30 nm)/[Dy (tDy nm)/Nd (tNd nm)] (tDy/Nd=20 nm) (thickness tDy=0-10 nm) thin films were deposited on Al2O3(0001) substrate and subsequently in-situ annealed at 470°C. As-deposited Nd-Fe-B thin films with a highly perpendicular orientation of c-axis were deposited by introducing bcc-Mo(111) single crystal buffer layer. After post-annealing, the grain size of the Nd-Fe-B/Dy/Nd thin films with the tDy=10 nm and tNd=10 nm becomes large due to the Dy and the Nd atoms thermal diffusion, while DyFe2 and Dy oxide compounds are formed in Nd-Fe-B layers, which is confirmed by means of a combination of atomic force microscopy observation and X-ray diffraction measurement. The Hc of Nd-Fe-B/Dy/Nd thin films with the tDy=10 nm and tNd=10 nm was approximately the same value of the Nd-Fe-B thin films without Dy/Nd double layer annealed at 470°C. On the other hand, Hc is enhanced to be about 22.1 kOe in the annealed Nd-Fe-B/Dy/Nd films with the tDy=0.8 nm and tNd=19.2 nm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary prerequisite for successful single grain growth of a REBa2Cu3Oy bulk superconductor is the determination of an optimized growth temperature window of the given system. In our recent work, addition of 20 wt. % of Dy2BaCuO5 (Dy-211) to the GdBa2Cu3O7-δ bulk sample [(Gd,Dy)BCO] enhanced superconducting properties. Then, different isothermal dwell times were tested at various undercooling temperatures to find the temperature window appropriate for the single grain growth by a top-seeded infiltration growth process performed in air. Nearly perfect single-grain (Gd,Dy)BCO crystals were grown. A systematic and detailed investigation of the microstructure, composition, and physical properties of the single-grain (Gd,Dy)BCO superconductors was carried out. The superconducting transition was sharp with the onset at 92.9 K. The field dependence of the critical current density (Jc) was determined at several temperatures. At 77 K, a self-field Jc of 55 kA/cm² and a trapped field of 0.19 T were achieved. The possibilities for further improvement of the microstructure and superconducting performance are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Infiltration of an optimal amount of liquid (Ba3Cu5O8 denoted further as "035") for efficient peritectic growth is a primary requirement in the infiltration growth (IG) processing of high-quality REBa2Cu3O7-δ products. Recently, we optimized the Dy content and the time-temperature schedules for top-seeded IG processing of (Gd,Dy)Ba2Cu3O7–δ [(Gd,Dy)BCO] single grain superconductors. Aiming to fabricate larger sized (Gd,Dy)BCO (80 wt. % Gd2BaCuO5 and 20 wt. % of Dy2BaCuO5) single grain bulk superconductors, different liquid phase [LP = ErBa2Cu3O7–δ (Er-123) and mixed with 035] sources were employed and the LP content was optimized by varying its mass. The increase in Er-123+035 mass assured an abundant amount of liquids for peritectic reaction. The Er-123+035 ratio of 1:1.4 was found to be optimum. The optimized liquid phase infiltration enabled an effective control of (Gd,Dy)2BaCuO5 (211) secondary phase size and content in final microstructures. Bulk single-grain (Gd,Dy)BCO superconductors were fabricated by the top-seeded IG process with an LP mass of 1 and 1.4 wt. %. A fully grown single grain bulk (Gd,Dy)BCO superconductor was attained. The sufficient LP infiltration resulted in a greatly improved critical current and trapped field performance. Scaling of bulk volume flux pinning force was studied with the aim of identifying flux pinning mechanisms effectively occurring in the material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laser power-dependent Raman spectroscopy is deployed to probe Fano interference in asymmetrically broadened T g modes and the associated line shift in three technologically sound, meticulously characterized rare-earth sesquioxide systems. Group theoretical analysis is accompanied to introspect the Raman-active optic modes in cubic, monoclinic, and trigonal phases and identify the laser heating-induced local phase transitions. With increasing laser intensity, a regular redshift and larger negative asymmetry in the Raman peaks are detected, which is attributed to moderations in Fano scattering by enhanced electron–phonon coupling amid the focussed photoexcited electron plasma and is illustrated using a Feynman diagram. A quantitative study is thereby performed to unveil the intrinsic nature of discrete-continuum Fano resonance in the nanoparticles of interest emphasizing the high sensitivity of Raman spectra to the excitation strength that perturbs the generic vibrational features at the Brillouin zone center by influencing the interference conditions, force constant, and length of the associated bonds compelled by tensile stress. A rising trend of the charge–phonon coupling constant (λ) with laser power validates a stronger particle–quasiparticle coupling, whereas a shorter anharmonic phonon lifetime (τ a n h ) indicates faster interactions. Using Allen's formalism, the charge density of states [ N (ε F) ] at the Fermi level per spin and molecule is calculated, which pertains to a negative regression dependence in the λ N (ε F) − τ a n h dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

DyMn2O5 is an extraordinary example in the family of multiferroic manganites and it accommodates both the 4f and 3d magnetic ions with strong Dy-Mn (4f-3d) coupling. The electric polarization origin is believed to arise not only from the Mn spin interactions but also from the Dy-Mn coupling. Starting from proposed scenario on ferrielectricity in DyMn2O5 where the exchange-strictions associated with the Mn3+-Mn4+-Mn3+ blocks and Dy3+-Mn4+-Dy3+ blocks generate the two ferroelectric sublattices, we perform a set of characterizations on the structure, magnetism, and electric polarization of Dy1-xYxMn2O5 in order to investigate the roles of Dy-Mn coupling in manipulating the ferrielectricity. It is revealed that the non-magnetic Y substitution of Dy suppresses gradually the Dy3+ spin ordering and the Dy-Mn coupling. Consequently, the ferroelectric sublattice generated by the exchange striction associated with the Dy3+-Mn4+-Dy3+ blocks is destabilized, but the ferroelectric sublattice generated by the exchange striction associated with the Mn3+-Mn4+-Mn3+ blocks remains less perturbed, enabling the ferrielectricity-ferroelectricity transitions with the Y substitution. A phenomenological ferrielectric domain model is suggested to explain the polarization reversal induced by the Y substitution. The present work presents a possible scenario of the multiferroic mechanism in not only DyMn2O5 but probably also other RMn2O5 members with strong 4f-3d coupling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

DyMn2O5 is an extraordinary example in the family of multiferroic manganites and it accommodates both the 4f and 3d magnetic ions with strong Dy-Mn (4f-3d) coupling. The electric polarization origin is believed to arise not only from the Mn spin interactions but also from the Dy-Mn coupling. Starting from proposed scenario on ferrielectricity in DyMn2O5 where the exchange-strictions associated with the Mn3+-Mn4+-Mn3+ blocks and Dy3+-Mn4+-Dy3+ blocks generate the two ferroelectric sublattices, we perform a set of characterizations on the structure, magnetism, and electric polarization of Dy1-xYxMn2O5 in order to investigate the roles of Dy-Mn coupling in manipulating the ferrielectricity. It is revealed that the non-magnetic Y substitution of Dy suppresses gradually the Dy3+ spin ordering and the Dy-Mn coupling. Consequently, the ferroelectric sublattice generated by the exchange striction associated with the Dy3+-Mn4+-Dy3+ blocks is destabilized, but the ferroelectric sublattice generated by the exchange striction associated with the Mn3+-Mn4+-Mn3+ blocks remains less perturbed, enabling the ferrielectricity-ferroelectricity transitions with the Y substitution. A phenomenological ferrielectric domain model is suggested to explain the polarization reversal induced by the Y substitution. The present work presents a possible scenario of the multiferroic mechanism in not only DyMn2O5 but probably also other RMn2O5 members with strong 4f-3d coupling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the large anisotropy and strong coupling between rare-earth (RE= Sm, Dy, Tb etc.) metal and transition metal (TM= Co, Fe, etc.) are proposed to be utilized to improve the thermal stability (K[sub u]V[sup ...]/k[sub B]T) and coercivity (H[sub c]) of high-density recording media. The effects of Dy doping, which was added to the Cr underlayer and Cr overcoat layer, on magnetic and reversal properties are presented. It was found that Dy doping in the Cr[sub 1-x]Dy[sub x] underlayer and overcoat layer resulted in an increase of the K[sub u]V[sup ...]/k[sub B]T and coercivity (H[sub c]). The appreciable increases in K[sub u]V[sup ...]/k[sub B]T and H[sub c] indicate that Dy doping into the underlayer and intermediate layer is promising for the preparation of high-density recording media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have investigated the microstructure of grain boundary diffusion processed Nd-Fe-B sintered magnets by high resolution scanning electron microscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, and laser assisted atom probe to understand the mechanism of coercivity enhancement. After the vapor coating of Dy to the sintered magnets, the sample were annealed to let it diffuse in the sample through the grain boundary diffusion. The composition of the outer region of the Nd2Fe14B grains changed to (Nd,Dy)2Fe14B due to the substitution of Dy for Nd. Excess Nd ejected from the Nd2Fe14B grains led to the formation of continuous Nd-rich grain boundaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The crystal structure, and cryogenic magnetic and magnetocaloric properties in RE2T2Al (RE = Dy, Ho, Er, and Tm; T = Co and Ni) compounds have been investigated. All the compounds belong to an orthorhombic W2B2Co-type structure (Immm space group). A second order paramagnetic to ferromagnetic phase transition exists for RE2Co2Al compounds at TC = 62, 27, 32, and 11.5 K, whereas the compounds of RE2Ni2Al undergo a paramagnetic to antiferromagnetic phase transition with the Néel temperatures (TN) of 19, 12, 12.5, and 6 K for RE = Dy, Ho, Er, and Tm, respectively. Moreover, an additional low temperature magnetic transition occurs for all present RE2T2Al compounds. An obvious hysteresis was observed at a low temperature in the Dy2Co2Al, Ho2Co2Al, and Er2Co2Al compounds. The values of the maximum magnetic entropy change (−ΔSMmax) are 10.4, 11.5, 5.9, 7.7, 6.0, and 16.2 J/kg K for Dy2Co2Al, Ho2Co2Al, Er2Co2Al, Tm2Co2Al, Ho2Ni2Al, and Er2Ni2Al compounds with a field change (ΔH) of 0-5 T, respectively. Moreover, two peaks (or shoulder) in the −ΔSM (T) curves of Ho2Co2Al can be observed, which lead to a wide cooling temperature interval. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study explores the effect of Dy3+ rare-earth ion substitution on the crystal structure, morphology, and magnetic properties of magnetostrictive Co0.7Mn0.3Fe2O4 spinel ferrite and demonstrates their potential applications in magnetomechanical sensors. The intrinsic CoFe2O4 and Dy-substituted Co0.7Mn0.3Fe2−xDyxO4 (x = 0.0–0.1) were prepared by the standard solid-state chemical reaction method. X-ray diffraction studies along with the Rietveld refinement confirm that all the samples exhibit single-phase cubic spinel structure with space group Fd 3 ¯ m. Raman and Mössbauer data analyses reveal that the cation redistribution with Mn and Dy cosubstitution in CoFe2O4 and confirm the presence of a mixed spinel structure. Electron microscopy analysis indicates the significant effect of Mn, Dy cosubstitution on the microstructure of CoFe2O4. All the samples exhibit the magnetic hysteresis (M-H) loops at 5 K and 300 K. Saturation magnetization (Ms) and the cubic anisotropy constant (K1) values increase with Mn substitution, while with Dy substitution, Ms reduces due to the decrease of magnetic interactions with Dy substitution. However, the coercive field decreases with Mn and increases with Dy substitution. Higher values of magnetostriction coefficients (λ11 = −95 ppm and λ12 = 52 ppm) and the strain derivative (d λ / d H = 0.075 ppm / Oe at 600 Oe) observed make Co0.7Mn0.3Fe1.95Dy0.05O4 a suitable candidate for designing torque/stress sensors and a magnetostrictive phase for making magnetoelectric composite. Chemical composition optimization yields higher values Ms (89 emu/g, i.e., 3.73 μB) at lower coercivity (Hc = 241 Oe) for Co0.7Mn0.3Fe2O4 and higher values of λ11, λ12, and d λ / d H at a lower magnetic field (below 800 Oe) for Co0.7Mn0.3Fe1.95Dy0.05O4. The results suggest and demonstrate that Co0.7Mn0.3Fe2O4 and Co0.7Mn0.3Fe1.95Dy0.05O4 are the potential candidates for designing magnetomechanical sensor applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dysprosium(Dy)-doped zinc oxide (Dy:ZnO) thin films were fabricated on c-oriented sapphire substrate by pulsed-laser deposition with doping concentration ranging from 1 to 10 at. %. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman-scattering, optical transmission spectroscopy, and spectroscopic ellipsometry revealed incorporation of Dy into ZnO host matrix without secondary phase. Solubility limit of Dy in ZnO under our deposition condition was between 5 and 10 at.% according to XRD and Raman-scattering characteristics. Optical transmission spectroscopy and spectroscopic ellipsometry also showed increase in both transmittance in ultraviolet regime and band gap of Dy:ZnO with increasing Dy density. Zinc vacancies and zinc interstitials were identified by photoluminescence spectroscopy as the defects accompanied with Dy incorporation. Magnetic investigations with a superconducting quantum interference device showed paramagnetism without long-range order for all Dy:ZnO thin films, and a hint of antiferromagnetic alignment of Dy impurities was observed at highest doping concentration—indicating the overall contribution of zinc vacancies and zinc interstitials to magnetic interaction was either neutral or toward antiferromagnetic. From our investigations, Dy:ZnO thin films could be useful for spin alignment and magneto-optical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate the effects of slight Dy/Mn off-stoichiometry on the multiferroic behaviors of DyMnO3 (Dy1-xMn1+xO3). It is revealed that the distorted lattice structure and ferroelectric property exhibit higher stability against the Mn deficiency than the Dy deficiency. Since the electric polarization includes the contributions from the Mn-Mn and Dy-Mn interactions, the measured polarization exhibits different dependence on the Mn deficiency from that on the Dy deficiency. The present work suggests that the Dy/Mn off-stoichiometry is detrimental to the ferroelectricity, owing to the modulated spin interactions and reshuffled spin frustration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Light plays a vital role in the evolution of life. From sunlight to candle-light and then to other form of lighting devices, human beings are utilizing light since time immemorial. Lighting devices such as conventional incandescent lamp and fluorescent lamp have been replaced by Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) for the later is cheap, durable, etc. Now-a-days, phosphor converted LEDs have been burning issues in the fabrication of lighting devices. Especially, lanthanide ion(s) doped phosphors are of great interest for the same. However, doped phosphors have a limitation of luminescence quenching, i.e., instead of increasing luminescence on increasing dopant concentration, the luminescence decreases. Therefore, it must be rectified by one or other means so as to get maximum desirable intensity for uses in display or lighting devices. In the present work, YVO4:Dy3+ and YVO4:Dy3+/Ca2+ nano-lattices are synthesized by a facile technique. Structural characterizations such as x-ray diffraction, SEM, TEM, HRTEM, and Selected Area Electron Diffraction (SAED) of the samples are reported. Photoluminescence (PL) excitation and emission, enhanced mechanism, and lifetime are thoroughly discussed. PL intensity of the quenched YVO4:Dy3+ is made increased up to 432.63% by Ca2+ co-doping. Role of the Ca2+ on the luminescence enhanced mechanism of YVO4:Dy3+/Ca2+ is elucidated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large single crystals of rare-earth calcium oxoborates R Ca 4 O (BO 3) 3 with R = Er , Y, Dy, Gd, Sm, Nd, La (R C O B) were grown by the Czochralski method. Complete sets of dielectric, piezoelectric stress, and elastic stiffness coefficients of the R C O B crystal species were determined at ambient conditions using a combination of resonant ultrasound spectroscopy and the substitution method. The results are inherently consistent and reveal clear crystal chemical trends, with the size of the trivalent cation playing an important role. In particular, the longitudinal and shear aggregate elastic stiffnesses, c 11 iso and c 44 iso , decrease from about 165 to 154 GPa and, respectively, 45 to 41 GPa from the smallest to the largest R 3 + cation of the investigated crystal species, while the dielectric coefficients ϵ 22 and ϵ 33 increase. However, the maximum longitudinal piezoelectric effect peaks with 8.6 pCN − 1 at N d C O B , the species where the radius of R 3 + best matches the one of Ca 2 + . Increasing differences in the size of R 3 + and Ca 2 + lead to anisotropic stresses in the crystal lattice, which are partially relaxed by an increasing degree of cation disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crystal structure, magnetic properties and magnetostriction of Dy[sub 0.7]Pr[sub 0.3](Fe[sub 1-χ] B[sub χ])[sub 2] (0 ≤ χ ≤0.20) have been investigated by means of x-ray diffraction, ac initial susceptibility, a vibrating sample magnetometer, and a standard strain technique. The matrix of Dy[sub 0.7]Pr[sub 0.3]Fe[sub 2] alloy consists of (Dy, Pr)Fe[sub 2] phase with a cubic MgCu[sub 2]-type structure and some amount of (Dy, Pr)Fe[sub 3] phase with a rhombohedral PuNi[sub 3]-type structure. The introduction of boron effectively restrains the emergence of the iron-rich phase and thus decreases the amount of (Dy, Pr)Fe[sub 3] phase. Dy[sub 0.7]Pr[sub 0.3](Fe[sub 1-χ]B[sub χ])[sub 2] alloy with χ = 0.05 contains small amount of (Dy, Pr)(Fe,B)[sub 3] phase, and those with χ = 0.10 and χ = 0.15 are essentially of a single (Dy, Pr)(Fe,B)[sub 2] phase. An unidentified minor phase appears when χ = 0.20. The lattice parameter of (Dy, Pr)(Fe,B)[sub 2] phase decreases monotonically with the boron substitution up to χ = 0.20, indicating that the boron atoms occupy the substitutional sites. The Curie temperature for (Dy, Pr)(Fe,B)[sub 2] phase obviously increases compared with the boron free one. The saturation magnetization at room temperature increases with increasing boron content for the alloys studied, suggesting that the partial boron substitution is beneficial to the increment of the exchange interactions in the Dy[sub 0.7]Pr[sub 0.3]Fe[sub 2] system. The increment of the magnetization originates from the decrement of iron content, because the Fe moment that aligns antiparallel with the Dy moment almost keeps constant in this system. Boron substitution for iron increases the lattice distortion and anisotropy, thus causes the decrease of the linear magnetostriction λ[sub a] = λsub ]-λ⊥ at the room temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Measures triboluminescence spectra for alkaline earth aluminate polycrystalline (Sr,Ba)Al[sub 2]O[sub 4] and (Sr,Ca)Al[sub 2]O[sub 4] doped with Dy[sup 3+]. Compositional dependence of the relative integrated intensity of the emission lines in triboluminescence and photoluminescence spectra.

The intermetallic gallium compounds RE2Co2Ga with different rare earths (RE = Dy, Ho, Er, and Tm) were synthesized, and their crystal structure, microstructure, magnetic, and cryogenic magneto-caloric performances were investigated. The RE2Co2Ga compounds crystallize with an ordered orthorhombic W2B2Co-type structure (space group Immm). All the RE2Co2Ga compounds undergo ferromagnetic (FM) ordering (second-order) from a paramagnetic to FM transition which induces reversible magneto-caloric effects (MCE). The Curie temperatures (TC) in RE2Co2Ga compounds are determined to be 55.0, 38.5, 25.5, and 11.6 K for RE = Dy, Ho, Er, and Tm, respectively, which fulfill the de Gennes scaling. The RE2Co2Ga compounds show relatively small MCE (i.e., −ΔSM, isothermal magnetic entropy change) around their own phase transition temperatures, and the maximal values of −ΔSM are 7.5, 14.6, 11.2, and 13.2 J/kg K in the field change (ΔH) of 7 T for RE = Dy, Ho, Er, and Tm, respectively. Accordingly, the values of the relative cooling power are 212, 335, 304, and 239 J/kg, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The magnetic properties and microstructures of a Nd–Fe–B sintered magnet with Dy segregation obtained by applying a fluoride-solution technique were studied using transmission electron microscopy and micromagnetic analysis. By applying 0.1–0.2 wt % fluorides in comparison with weight of the magnet and heating the magnet, coercivity increased by about 1.3 times from 1.1 to 1.4 T at 298 K while retaining remanence. Dy segregated within about 250 nm from the grain surfaces and coercivity was controlled by the area near the grain boundaries. Furthermore, we estimated that the range for reducing the magnetic anisotropy field near the grain boundaries was one or two unit cells by applying micromagnetic analysis to the magnet, which may indicate larger coercivity with less Dy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanocomposite (Pr,Dy)[sub 2]Fe[sub 14]B/α-Fe magnets with compositions Pr[sub 8-x]Dy[sub x]Fe[sub 86]B[sub 6] (x=0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2) have been synthesized by melt spinning using low wheel speeds in the range from 18 to 21.7 m/s. It has been found that the coercivity is significantly increased by Dy substitution. An optimum coercivity of 6.6 kOe is obtained in the Pr[sub 7]Dy[sub 1]Fe[sub 86]B[sub 6] magnet as compared to 4.3 kOe in the Pr[sub 8]Fe[sub 86]B[sub 6] magnet. As a result, the energy product is increased from 9.1 MGOe in the Pr[sub 8]Fe[sub 86]B[sub 6] magnet to 16.9 MGOe in the Pr[sub 7]Dy[sub 1]Fe[sub 86]B[sub 6] magnet. The reason for this is the finer and more uniform 2:14:1/α-Fe nanoscale microstructure developed in the magnets with Dy substitution. Because of the low wheel speed spinning, the majority of the nanoscale microstructure is crystallized directly out of the melt. The enhancement of magnetic properties by Dy substitution is mainly due to the microstructure refinement which leads to an enhanced exchange coupling between the Pr[sub 2]Fe[sub 14]B and α-Fe, whereas the anisotropy increase by the Dy substitution provides only a minor contribution to the enhanced coercivity. © 2001 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dysprosium-added sintered magnets were prepared from blends of Nd15.5(Fe,Co,Ga)78.2B6.3 and Dy2S3 powders; their microstructure and magnetic properties were compared to those of the magnets made with Dy2O3 additions or from single (Nd,Dy)-(Fe,Co,Ga)-B alloys. The addition of Dy2S3 leads to replacement of the neodymium oxide phases in the sintered magnets by the Nd2O2S and NdS phases. The magnets prepared with both the Dy2S3 and Dy2O3 powders exhibited inhomogeneous distribution of Dy within the (Nd,Dy)2Fe14B grains with Dy-rich outer grain regions. However, in a marked difference from the Dy2O3-added and single-alloy magnets, where the grain-boundary oxide phases were Dy-rich, the magnets prepared with Dy2S3 had their sulfur-containing grain-boundary phases depleted of Dy. With the larger fraction of Dy atoms available for alloying the main (Nd,Dy)2Fe14B phase, the magnets prepared with Dy2S3 showed the largest coercivity gain per 1 at.% of the added Dy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents information on a study that investigated dysprosium/iron multilayers by iron and dysprosium Mössbauer spectroscopy. Methodology of the study; Results and discussion on the study; Conclusions.

Deals with a study which investigated the uniaxial anisotropy and magnetic domain wall energy of amorphous rare-earth transition metal alloys. Sample preparation and measurements; Results and discussion; Conclusions.

Rare earth nickelates (RNOs) have been extensively studied in recent decades because of the metal–insulator phase transition, which can be driven by chemical doping. In the present study, we apply the first-principles calculation to investigate the electronic structures, optical properties, and migration behaviors of Li-doped RNO. Results show that when the doping ratio reaches 100%, RNO changes from the metallic state into an insulating state, which is confirmed by the experimental report. Regarding the optical properties, the absorption coefficient and reflectivity decrease in Li-doped RNO over the entire range of visible and infrared light compared with pristine systems. The migration of Li along the [001] direction of RNO is studied and shows that as the radius of rare earth atoms decreases, the migration barrier generally shows a gradually decreasing trend. These findings may shed light on the application of RNO in electrochromic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dy doped α-SiAlON ceramics prepared by the hot-pressing method show a high optical transmittance value, >70%, in the infrared region of 1.5–4.5 μm. First principles calculations have been carried out to reveal the underlying transparency mechanism. It is found that the valence shell of doped Dy atoms interacts strongly with the doping states of α-SiAlON, resulting in the increase in the optical gap from 0.4 to 1.1 eV, which suppresses the photoabsorption in the wavelength region longer than 1.0 μm and leads to the good transparency property. The calculated optical transmission spectra are in good agreement with the corresponding experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examines magnetic exchange coupling in metallic surfaces of [dysprosium (Dr)/erbium (Er)] grown by molecular beam epitaxy. Characteristics of [Dy/Er] metallic surfaces; Neutron scattering data on [Dy/Er] superlattices; Analysis of the neutron diffraction data.

The coercivities (Hc), saturation magnetizations (Js), and anisotropy constants K1 of (Nd1-x, Dyx)2Fe14B sintered magnets (x = 0 to 1.0) are determined using high magnetic field measurements up to about 8 MA/m. The Ha, Js, and K1 values of samples with x < 0.5 are similar to those obtained in previous studies using single crystals; the Hc values for the sintered magnets are reported here for the first time. The magnetization into the single-domain states (SDS) in Dy-substituted sintered magnets is completed in lower fields than with Dy-free magnets (for example, 0.64 MA/m in the x = 1.0 sample and 1.6 MA/m in the x = 0.25 sample). The volume fraction of magnetized SDS grains when applying fields less than the demagnetizing fields of the samples also increases with increasing Dy content, i.e., 22 vol. % for a Dy-free sample and 48 vol. % for a Nd-free sample. A characteristic magnetization behavior of large pinning-like magnetization curves appeared in samples that were initially magnetized in a direction perpendicular to the c-axis and successively magnetized in the parallel direction. The apparent pinning field increased with increasing Dy concentration and reached 2.8 MA/m for the Nd-free samples. The origin of this behavior is the tilting of the c-axis in the crystal grains of sintered magnets and the clear preference for crystal grains in Dy-substituted samples to form SDS grains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The magnetocaloric effect (MCE) in antiferromagnetic borocarbide superconductor RNi2B2C (R = Dy, Ho, and Er) compounds have been investigated by measuring the temperature and field dependences of heat capacity. An inverse MCE was observed, which is attributed to the nature of the antiferromagnetic state under low magnetic field and at low temperatures for the present RNi2B2C compounds. A normal giant/large MCE was observed under higher magnetic field change, which is related to a field-induced first-order metamagnetic transition from antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic state. For a field change of 5 T, the maximum values of magnetic entropy change (- ΔSMmax) reach 17.6, 17.7, and 9.8 J kg-1 K-1 for R = Dy, Ho, and Er, respectively. The corresponding values of maximum adiabatic temperature changes (ΔTadmax) are 9.7, 11, and 4.6 K. The present results indicated the antiferromagnetic borocarbide superconductor RNi2B2C compounds could be promising candidates for low temperature magnetic refrigeration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An intermetallic compound of nominal composition Tb0.3Dy0.7Fe1.95 was conventionally cast in the form of cylindrical rods of 8 mm diameter and directionally solidified by zoning at three different growth rates. Compounds of the same nominal composition were also directionally solidified in the form of cylindrical rods of 20 mm diameter by modified Bridgman technique, at two different growth rates. The microstructure of the directionally solidified compounds has been investigated as a function of solidification rate and compared with that of conventionally cast compound. The observed microstructural features of these samples have been correlated with the magnetostriction measured on the corresponding samples. Further, by examining the longitudinal sections cut along its cylindrical axis, a correlation of microstructure with magnetostriction has been brought out for each directionally solidified sample as a function of distance from the initially solidified end to the other. It has been observed that a large magnetostriction (at 4.5 kOe) and a high initial slope of magnetostriction versus applied magnetic field are realized in the directionally solidified samples as compared to the conventionally cast sample. An improvement in the property has been observed among the directionally solidified samples when solidified with higher growth rates. It is surmised on the basis of the observed microstructural features in this study that a large magnetostriction is realized if formation of (Tb,Dy)Fe2 occurs by congruent solidification rather than by the peritectic reaction L+(Tb,Dy)Fe3→(Tb,Dy)Fe2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A detailed crystal-field splitting analysis is reported for the energy levels of Dy[SUP3+](4f[SUP9]) in crystals of YalO[SUB3] and DyAlO[SUB3] orthoaluminates. Experimental energy (Stark) levels for the 15 lowest-energy [SUP2S+1]L[SUBJ] multiplet manifolds of Dy[SUP3+] are reported and supplemented with values found in the literature. A parameterized Hamiltonian, including Coulombic, spin-orbit, configuration interaction, and crystal-field terms in C[SUBs] symmetry, was diagonalized for the [SUP6]H[SUBJ], [SUP6]F[SUBJ], [SUP4]F[SUBJ], [SUP4]I[SUBJ], and [SUP4]G[SUBJ] states. Initial sets of crystal-field parameters were determined from lattice-sum calculations and the three-parameter theory. Considerable J-mixing is found for states having nearly the same energy such as the manifolds [SUP6]F[SUB11/2], [SUP6]H[SUB9/2], and [SUP6]F[SUB9/2], [SUP6]H[SUB7/2]. Even states that are well separated from each) other in energy show sufficient J mixing to explain the polarized absorption and Zeeman effects that involve transitions from the nearly pure (less than 0.2% J mixing) ground state, [SUP6]H[SUB15/2] to excited states such as [SUP6]F[SUB5/2] and [SUP6]F[SUB3/2]. The rms for 70 calculated-to-experimental Stark levels for Dy[SUP3+] in YalO[SUB3] is 10 cm[SUP-1]; the rms for 43 calculated-to-experimental levels for Dy[SUP3+] in DyAlO[SUB3] is 8 cm[SUP-1]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dy[sup 3+]- and Tm[sup 3+]-doped lanthanum chloride was prepared via reactive atmosphere processing (RAP) of sol-gel derived hydroxide powders. The low-phonon energy chloride host facilitated the 1.3-µm emission from Dy[sup 3+] and the 1.2- and 1.4-µm emissions from Tm[sup 3+]. The emission intensities of the Dy[sup 3+] and Tm[sup 3+] ions increased logarithmically with increasing RAP temperature. The dependence of emission intensities and lifetimes on the rare-earth (RE) concentration was also investigated. The emission intensity was found to increase up to 1 mole % RE for both ions. Luminescence quenching was observed for concentrations exceeding 1 mole % for Tm[sup 3+] and 0.1 mole % for Dy[sup 3+]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of Nd[SUB2-y]Dy[SUBy]Fe[SUB17-x]Si[SUBx] solid solutions with x = 0, 1, 2, and 3 and y = 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 were prepared by induction melting stoichiometric amounts of high-purity elements. The x-ray diffraction data confirmed that the postannealed samples are 2:17 intermetallics of the R&3sline;m space group. The lattice parameters and unit-cell volumes were calculated using FULLPROF to analyze the neutron diffraction (ND) data. It was observed that for a particular y, the unit-cell volume decreased almost linearly with increasing silicon content (x≤3), as is observed for single rare-earth 2:17 intermetallic compounds. For a given x, the cell volume decreased almost linearly with the increasing replacement of neodymium with dysprosium. The ND studies revealed additional density along the c-axis chains of Fe dumbells and rare-earth atoms. The perfect a-b-c stacking of the CaCu[SUB5] layers with a regular one third replacement of the rare-earth atoms by Fe dumbells appear to be broken, resulting in a disordered rhombohedral structure. The Curie temperature measurements showed no particular kind of dependence with increasing y. For a fixed content of Dy, an increase in Curie temperature from 61.46 °C to 236 °C for y = 0, 69.3 °C to 241 °C for y = 0.5, 76 °C to 227 °C for y = 1, 95.45 °C to 224 °C for y = 1.5, and 94.19 °C to 226 °C for y = 2 was observed with increasing x (x≤3). With increasing y, there was almost a linear decrease in magnetization of about 46% for x = 0, 49% for x = 1, 52% for x = 2, and 50% for x = 3. For a particular y with increasing x, the magnetization appears to reach saturation between x = 1 and x = 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents neutron diffraction studies on Dy(Cu1-cNix)2Si2 with x = 0, 0.6 and 0.1. Consistency of diffraction patterns with the reported magnetic structure, Neel temperature and the Dy magnetic moment.

The Monte Carlo method in the canonical ensemble is used to investigate magnetization reversal in multilayers of amorphous transition metal and rare earth elements. Our study is based on a model containing diluted clusters which exhibit an effective uniaxial anisotropy in competition with random magnetic anisotropy in the matrix. We simulate hysteresis loops for an abrupt profile and a diffuse one obtained from atom probe tomography analyses. Our results give evidence that the atom probe tomography profile favors perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in agreement with magnetic measurements. Moreover, the hysteresis loops calculated at several temperatures qualitatively agree with the experimental ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antiferromagnetic magnetization dynamics is more effective than ferromagnetic magnetization; however, it is extremely complex. Rare earth (RE) ferrimagnets, on the other hand, have tunable magnetization with associated negative exchange interaction in sublattices. Here, we study different RE-Fe ferrimagnets while changing the RE-content. We obtain various magnetic properties like saturation magnetization MS, coercivity HC, magnetic anisotropy energy constant Ku, exchange coupling constant λ, and compensation temperature Tcomp for different RE compositions. We suggest that along with MS and HC, λ is another important parameter that is easy to measure and has information that is similar to that in the spin-orbit torque effective field and the canting angle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents a study that prepared epitaxial dysprosium/yttrium rare earth superlattices and a thick dysprosium film, grown on sapphire with yttrium/tantalum layers by molecular beam epitaxy. Information on the studies of the magnetism of dysprosium/yttrium superlattices; Neutron diffraction scans of the multilayers; Details of the study.

Dysprosium (Dy) modified BiFeO3 [Bi1-xDyxFeO3 (x=0.05, 0.10, and 0.15)] nanoparticles have been synthesized by a low temperature co-precipitation method. Rietveld analysis of X-ray diffraction data reveals a transformation from rhombohedral structure to orthorhombic structure with increase in the Dy concentration. From the transmission electron microscopy analysis, it is observed that the particle sizes of Bi1-xDyxFeO3 (x=0.05, 0.10, and 0.15) nanoparticles range between 50-70, 40-50, and 30-50 nm, respectively. Raman spectra of Bi1-xDyxFeO3 (x=0.05) belonging to rhombohedral (R3c) structure show 4A1 and 7E fundamental Raman modes in the range of 100-650 cm-1 and two-phonon scattering modes such as 2A4 (longitudinal optical), 2E8 (transverse optical (TO)), and 2E9 (TO) in the range of 950-1270 cm-1. Suppression, broadening, and shifting of Raman modes have been observed with further increase in Dy concentration. The fundamental Raman modes of Bi1-xDyxFeO3 (x=0.15) are assigned under orthorhombic (pnma) rather than rhombohedral (R3c) as the Rietveld analysis of X-ray diffraction data predicts a structural transformation for this particular composition. A complete suppression of two phonon modes has been noticed for this composition. An anomaly in the temperature dependent dielectric studies has been observed in all the samples at the vicinity of Neel temperature indicating a magnetic ordering, and an increase in magnetization with increase of Dy concentration in BiFeO3 is noticed from the room temperature magnetic studies. P-E hysteresis loop studies show a decrease of remnant polarization (Pr) with the increase in Dy concentration and disappearance of hysteresis loop occurs for Bi1-xDyxFeO3 (x=0.15) depicting a transformation from non-centrosymmetric (R3c) to centrosymmetric (Pnma) system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dy3+-, Tb3+-activated, and Tb3+/Dy3+-coactivated oxyfluoride borogermanate scintillating glasses with the density of about 6.50 g/cm³ were successfully synthesized by a melt-quenching method. The structure and optical properties including transmittance, photoluminescence (excitation and emission spectra), photoluminescence decay, and X-ray excited luminescence (XEL) behaviors were studied in detail. Our results reveal that the energy transfer efficiency from Dy3+ to Tb3+ ions increases with an increase of Tb3+ concentration. The energy transfer mechanism is determined to be electric dipole–dipole interaction. However, the XEL intensity of Tb3+ decreases with the incorporation of sensitizer Dy3+ into borogermanate scintillating glass, which may result from the different mechanisms under ultraviolet light and X-ray excitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses a study that determined the use of synchrotron x-ray diffraction to probe the lattice and magnetic structure of dysprosium films sandwiched by LaF[sub3] in order to compare their behavior with bulk crystals and with the strained dysprosium films. Background on synchrotron x-ray diffraction; Details of the Auger depth profiling; Existence of temperature hysteresis in the ferromagnetic transition.

Presents a study which examined the stress effect on the magnetization of Dy in the Dy/DyFe[sub2] eutectic. Background on dy metal; Details on the magnetization measurements; Remanent moments of polycrystals as a fraction of saturation moment.

The spatial distribution of flux pinning centers (such as defects, secondary phases, etc.) has a critical effect on the superconducting properties of YBa2Cu3O7-x (YBCO) coated conductors. To increase the flux pinning in coated conductors, impurities such as Dy can be intentionally added during processing to induce the formation of distributed insulating nanostructures. In this work, we show that the addition of Dy to a particular YBCO coated conductor gives rise to a high density of secondary nanoparticles of composition (YsDy1-s)2Cu2O5 with s∼0.6. Using high-angle annular dark-field tomographic methods, the three-dimensional distribution of these insulating nanoparticles is determined. The size of the nanoparticles and the uniformity of their distribution are found to depend on their interaction with the grain boundary network within the YBCO layer. A bimodal distribution in the size of the particles is seen, where areas away from grain boundaries have a favorable uniform distribution of small particles (∼25 nm) while unfavorable isolated large particles 100–140 nm are seen to intersect the grain boundaries. A grain boundary diffusion model is proposed to account for the agglomeration of the small nanoparticles to form the large ones to the detriment of flux pinning within these local regions of the superconductor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work, a Dy doped ZnO thin film deposited by the spin coating method has been studied for its potential application in a ZnO based UV detector. The investigations on the structural property and surface morphology of the thin film ensure that the prepared samples are crystalline and exhibit a hexagonal crystal structure of ZnO. A small change in crystallite size has been observed due to Dy doping in ZnO. AFM analysis ascertains the grain growth and smooth surface of the thin films. The Dy doped ZnO thin film exhibits a significant enhancement in UV region absorption as compared to the pure ZnO thin film, which suggests that Dy doped ZnO can be used as a UV detector. Under UV irradiation of wavelength 325 nm, the photocurrent value of Dy doped ZnO is 105.54 μA at 4.5 V, which is 31 times greater than that of the un-doped ZnO thin film (3.39 μA). The calculated value of responsivity is found to increase significantly due to the incorporation of Dy in the ZnO lattice. The observed higher value of photocurrent and responsivity could be attributed to the substitution of Dy in the ZnO lattice, which enhances the conductivity, electron mobility, and defects in ZnO and benefits the UV sensing property. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate magnetic properties and magnetocaloric effects of R2CoGa3 (R=Gd, Dy, and Ho) compounds. It is found that all the compounds are ferromagnetic with the Curie temperatures of TC=50, 17, and 10K for R=Gd, Dy, and Ho, respectively. The R2CoGa3 have large magnetic entropy change (ΔS) that arise from the second-order ferromagnetic-to-paramagnetic phase transition. The maximum values of ΔS are found to be –12.6, –10.8, and –13.8 J/kg K with corresponding refrigerant capacity values of 382, 252, and 287 J/kg for a magnetic field change of 0–50 kOe, respectively. The large ΔS values with little or no hysteresis losses as well as wide working temperature spans imply that the R2CoGa3 compounds may serve as promising candidates for magnetic refrigeration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents a study which examined the magnetic properties of single crystal dysprosium and terbium. Sample preparation; Curie temperature for the samples; Information on the alternating current susceptibility of single crystal terbium.