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Copyright of Ædificare is the property of Classiques Garnier and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ædificare is the property of Classiques Garnier and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article reports that the labour reform on the construction site in Dublin, Ireland. Agrarian and handicraft economy was transformed by the rise of capitalism and industry. These momentous changes brought many positive improvements such as in education, health and sanitary reform, they also presented challenges to the poor and working classes who were subject to long hours, low pay, and little job security.

The article focuses on a study that study the different types of labour contracts and building commands practised in the major Portuguese royal shipyards in the 15th and 16th centuries. The main types of such labour contracts and related payments were: the daily work of journeymen; the long-term contract and its annual remuneration; and, lastly, contracts for a specific project at a predetermined price.

The article focuses on the reconsideration of the economic significance of the building trade in a less ideological and preconceived manner. It is necessary to move beyond the idea of the building sector as an unproductive activity and the moralistic idea of the wealth made stone due to the decision of capital owners to build palaces or churches instead of investing their money in manufacturing activities.

The article reports that several developments in the construction industry that are considered typical of the nineteenth century can be traced back to the late Middle Ages. Various parts of Europe experienced a commercialization of the building industry and in the development the Low Countries stand out. The public building projects had been brought to fruition under a patron's management, private construction firms now performed a growing portion of the work at the expense of masons' lodges.