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This paper investigates the (un)making of borders as a form of labour governmentality in one of Amazon's warehouses in Poland. Guided by a critical theory of borders as a form of labour governmentality under global capitalism, we identify organizational practices through which socio-demographic categories traditionally deployed as principles of organizing work (e.g., gender, age, ability) are un made: the management of deskilled labour through an algorithmic system, the non-selective hiring of workers, the enforcement of social norms of interpersonal respect and a universal system of casualized employment. Together, these practices constitute workers as undifferentiated, interchangeable and equal labour, let them compete with each other under harshly exploitative conditions, and continuously dispose of the least productive among them, keeping all in structural uncertainty. The study contributes to the critical diversity literature by showing a 'post-diversity' governmentality that rests on equality, competition and precarization of labour as a whole, rather than segregation and marginalization through an 'ideal worker' norm. This labour governmentality operates by eliciting consent from historically subordinated workers and eliminating the advantage of historically relatively privileged ones. Unmaking borders within labour inside the organization, this governmentality at the same time crucially rests on borders outside it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SBAS systems are applied in precise positioning of UAV. The paper presents the results of studies on the improvement of UAV positioning with the use of the EGNOS+SDCM solutions. In particular, the article focuses on the application of the model of totaling the SBAS positioning accuracy to improve the accuracy of determining the coordinates of UAVs during the realisation of a test flight. The developed algorithm takes into account the position errors determined from the EGNOS and SDCM solutions. as well as the linear coefficients that are used in the linear combination model. The research was based on data from GPS observations and SBAS corrections from the AsteRx-m2 UAS receiver installed on a Tailsitter platform. The tests were conducted in September 2020 in northern Poland. The application of the proposed algorithm that sums up the positioning accuracy of EGNOS and SDCM allowed for the improvement of the accuracy of determining the position of the UAV by 82-87% in comparison to the application of either only EGNOS or SDCM. Apart from that, another important result of the application of the proposed algorithm was the reduction of outlier positioning errors that reduced the accuracy of the positioning of UAV when a single SBAS solution (EGNOS or SDCM) was used. The study also presents the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in terms of calculating the accuracy of EGNOS+SDCM positioning for the weighted average model. The developed algorithm may be used in research conducted on other SBAS supporting systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Suicide is a significant public health concern globally, with its varying rates influenced by numerous factors, including seasonal changes. Online search behaviors, particularly searches related to suicide and mental health, have been proposed as real-time indicators of suicidal ideation in populations. In this study, a cross-sectional time series analysis was conducted, utilizing data on suicide attempts from the Polish Police Headquarters and online search behavior from Google Trends over a decade. Suicide attempt data were analyzed alongside the frequency of Google searches for suicide-related keywords derived from the Polish Corpus of Suicide Notes. A total of 66 keywords were selected for analysis to identify seasonal trends and patterns in search behavior. The study employed linear regression, Seasonal Mann-Kendall tests, and TBATS models to analyze the data. Suicide rates show seasonal patterns, peaking in warmer months. However, keyword searches did not strongly correlate with peak suicide months. This study enhances our understanding of suicide-related search trends and their potential connection to suicide rates. It suggests avenues for more effective prevention efforts and the potential for future algorithms to predict suicide rates and identify at-risk groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The authors analysed red cell distribution width (RDW), platelet distribution width (PDW), and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as potential predicting factors of adverse outcomes in patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) at 48 months follow-up. Material and methods: The authors gathered data on subjects who underwent PCI with a sirolimus-eluting Alex Plus stent (Balton, Poland). They characterized the rate of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) over a 4-year period, which encompassed cardiac death, myocardial infarction (MI), and target lesion revascularization (TLR) depending on the RDW, PDW, and NLR values. Results: Included were 218 patients (256 stents), among which were also identified 77 complex, high-risk index procedure (CHIP) patients and 73 high bleeding risk (HBR) patients. The authors identified only RDW as having a significant impact on long-term outcomes and only in the total population and CHIP patients. The total population with RDW > 14.5% was characterized by higher age (67 ± 11 vs. 73 ± 10 years, p < 0.01) and higher incidence of chronic kidney disease (14% vs. 39%, p < 0.01) as well as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (4% vs. 15%, p = 0.024). Interestingly, this group had a lower rate of ACS (42% vs. 34%, p = 0.049). At 48 months in the total population with RDW > 14.5% of patients, the rates of MACE, cardiac death, MI, and TLR were 26.8%, 19.5%, 9.8%, and 12.2%, respectively. Conclusions: RDW > 14.5% correlated with a higher risk of cardiac death in the total population and CHIP patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here, the capability of the Bat algorithm optimised extreme learning machines ELM (Bat‐ELM) is demonstrated for river water temperature (Tw) modelling in the Orda River, Poland. Results using the multilayer perceptron neural network (MLPNN), the classification and regression Tree (CART) and the multiple linear regression (MLR) models were presented for comparison. The models were developed according to two scenarios: (1) using air temperature (Ta) as input for predicting Tw, and (2) using Ta and the periodicity (i.e., day, month and year number). River Tw calibration and validation results derived from air temperature and the periodicity show its potential application. The Bat‐ELM accurately predicts the Tw and surpassed all other models with coefficient of correlation (R) values ranging within the limits of 0.973 to 0.981, and the Nash‐Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) values will fall within the interval of 0.947 to 0.963. Findings from this research also highlight the robustness of the Bat‐ELM using the periodicity by enhancing its ability to estimate river Tw. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CERN hosted on May 2-6, 2022, the first annual meeting of the H2020 I.FAST project to support innovation in the field of science and technology of particle accelerators. The project has a completely different character from its predecessors in this area of research. It was approved for implementation a year ago by the EC with the highest marks. It is worth looking at why projects such as ARIES, I.FAST and EURO-LABS are so easily accepted. This alleged ease of acceptance is an appearance. Behind the acceptance, in conditions of extremely tough competition, is the excellent organization of the submitting community that has been developed over the years, as well as the perfect, well-thought-out preparation of the material. The author, a participant in the ARIES and other EC projects in the field of particle accelerator science and technology, presents here, on specific examples, his subjective opinions on how to prepare materials for high-output projects for the EC FP. The author hopes that these remarks may be useful in the process of submitting research projects from Poland in international cooperation to the EC in the best possible way. The science and technology of particle accelerators is an excellent area of showing such examples because it is interdisciplinary and includes the following components: building of research infrastructure, applied physics, mechatronics, materials engineering, automation and robotics, electronics, ICT, innovation, cooperation with industry, and social. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since 1921, when Frederick Banting and Charles Best discovered insulin, we have observed rapid development in the field of diabetology. On the one hand, it is associated with clinical research on the aetiopathogenesis of metabolic disorders, and on the other hand, with the development of new technologies such as devices for insulin delivery and glycaemia monitoring. Since December 2020, the Medtronic MiniMed™ 780G system has been available in Poland. This is the first advanced hybrid closed loop personal insulin pump on the domestic market. It uses advanced algorithms to maintain glucose levels at a predetermined threshold by combining information from continuous glucose monitoring, which enables automatic estimation of basal insulin dose and automatic correction combined with manual initiation of meal boluses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motivation There are very few methods for de novo genome assembly based on the overlap graph approach. It is considered as giving more exact results than the so-called de Bruijn graph approach but in much greater time and of much higher memory usage. It is not uncommon that assembly methods involving the overlap graph model are not able to successfully compute greater datasets, mainly due to memory limitation of a computer. This was the reason for developing in last decades mainly de Bruijn-based assembly methods, fast and fairly accurate. However, the latter methods can fail for longer or more repetitive genomes, as they decompose reads to shorter fragments and lose a part of information. An efficient assembler for processing big datasets and using the overlap graph model is still looked out. Results We propose a new genome-scale de novo assembler based on the overlap graph approach, designed for short-read sequencing data. The method, ALGA, incorporates several new ideas resulting in more exact contigs produced in short time. Among these ideas, we have creation of a sparse but quite informative graph, reduction of the graph including a procedure referring to the problem of minimum spanning tree of a local subgraph, and graph traversal connected with simultaneous analysis of contigs stored so far. What is rare in genome assembly, the algorithm is almost parameter-free, with only one optional parameter to be set by a user. ALGA was compared with nine state-of-the-art assemblers in tests on genome-scale sequencing data obtained from real experiments on six organisms, differing in size, coverage, GC content and repetition rate. ALGA produced best results in the sense of overall quality of genome reconstruction, understood as a good balance between genome coverage, accuracy and length of resulting sequences. The algorithm is one of tools involved in processing data in currently realized national project Genomic Map of Poland. Availability and implementation ALGA is available at http://alga.put.poznan.pl. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By applying different clustering algorithms, the author strived to construct the best visual representation of scientific domains and disciplines in Poland. Journals and their disciplinary categories constituted a data set. A comparative analysis of maps was based on both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Complex patterns of eight maps were evaluated taking into account both the local proximity of disciplines and the whole structure of presented domains. Final clustering quality value was introduced and calculated in reference to the knowledge domains. The authors underlined the role of quantitative and qualitative methods in combination in the mapping evaluation. The best results were obtained with the T-distributed stochastic neighbour embedding (t-SNE) algorithm. This youngest technique may have the biggest potential for semantic information studies and in the scope of broadly understood semantic solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Transport Problems: an International Scientific Journal is the property of Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Transport and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper presents the application of data mining algorithms to the prediction of Web performance. Our domain-driven data mining uses historic HTTP transactions data reflecting Web performance as perceived by the end-users located in the Internet domain of Wroclaw University of Technology, Wroclaw, Poland. The predictive modeling features of two general data mining systems, Microsoft SQL Server and IBM Intelligent Miner, are compared. The neural networks, decision tree, time series, and transform regression models are evaluated. It is shown that the data mining algorithms return quite accurate prediction results. The best results are achieved using the IBM's transform regression algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the fact that sport plays a substantial role in people's lives, funding varies significantly from one discipline to another. For example, in Poland, women's basketball in the lower divisions, is primarily developing thanks to enthusiasts. The aim of the work was to design and implement a system for analyzing match protocols containing data about the match. Particular attention was devoted to the course of the game, i.e., the order of scoring points. This type of data is not typically stored on the official websites of basketball associations but is significant from the point of view of coaches. The obtained data can be utilized to analyze the team's game during the season, the quality of players, etc. In terms of obtaining data from match protocols, a dedicated algorithm for identifying the table was used, while a neural network was utilized to recognize the numbers (with 70% accuracy). The conducted research has shown the proposed system is well suited for data acquisition based on match protocols what implies the possibility of increasing the availability of data on the games. This will allow the development of this sport discipline. Obtained conclusions can be generalized to other disciplines, where the games are recorded in paper form. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Featured Application: Bridge Weigh-in-motion for Railway bridges. This study describes the development and testing of a railway bridge weigh-in-motion (RB-WIM) system. The traditional bridge WIM (B-WIM) system developed for road bridges was extended here to calculate the weights of railway carriages. The system was tested using the measured response from a test bridge in Poland, and the accuracy of the system was assessed using statically-weighed trains. To accommodate variable velocity of the trains, the standard B-WIM algorithm, which assumes a constant velocity during the passage of a vehicle, was adjusted and the algorithm revised accordingly. The results showed that the vast majority of the calculated carriage weights fell within ±5% of their true, statically-weighed values. The sensitivity of the method to the calibration methods was then assessed using regression models, trained by different combinations of calibration trains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research background: Lesser Poland is one of the most visited regions in Poland. Among the reasons why it is so, there are a variety of attractions located in this voivodeship and also the activities taken by local government, for which the development of the tourism industry is one of the key goals. Purpose: Building a ranking of poviats of Lesser Poland in terms of tourist attractiveness. Research methodology: Selected multivariate analysis tools, i.e. three methods of linear ordering and cluster analysis. Results: Using the Ward algorithm, poviats are grouped into four clusters of areas with similar characteristics due to tourist values. In addition, using three linear ordering techniques, poviats of the Lesser Poland voivodeship are ordered according to tourist attractiveness. The results of ordering are rather consistent and indicate that the most attractive poviats are: nowotarski, oświęcimski, tatrzański and the city of Kraków. Interestingly, these areas belong to three different groups obtained as part of a cluster analysis. This means that Lesser Poland is a diversified region in terms of the attractions that draw tourists' to the area. Novelty: The study of tourist attractiveness using linear ordering techniques is not an original topic. The thesis is of cognitive value and fills a gap in the literature, in which there are no studies based on data from Lesser Poland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to present solutions related to identifying musical data. These are discussed mainly on the basis of experiments carried out at the Multimedia Systems Department, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland. The topics presented in this paper include automatic recognition of musical instruments and separation of duet sounds. The classification process is shown as a three-layer process consisting of pitch extraction, parametrization, and pattern recognition. These three stages are discussed on the basis of experimental examples. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are employed as a decision system and they are trained with a set of feature vectors (FVs) extracted from musical sounds recorded at the Multimedia Systems Department. The frequency envelope distribution (FED) algorithm is presented, which was introduced to musical duet separation. For the purpose of checking the efficiency of the FED algorithm, ANNs are also used. They are tested on FVs derived from musical sounds after the separation process is performed. The experimental results are shown and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Most satellite cloud climatologies come in the form of global, low-resolution datasets: so- called 'gridded' Level 3 products, resulting from the reprojection and spatio-temporal aggregation of swath (Level 2) data. Their coarse resolution means that global datasets are of limited usefulness in regional studies. In this paper we develop and evaluate a new, regional cloud climatology over Poland and its neighbouring countries (∼10% of the area covered by Europe), based on observations performed with the state-of-the-art cloud imager, the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer ( MODIS). In contrast to the operational, global MODIS cloud climatology, which is delivered as a Level 3 product at a spatial resolution of 1° × 1°, this regional climatology maintains the MODIS nadir spatial resolution of 1 km/pixel. The resulting high-spatial-resolution climatology is compared with AVHRR and SEVIRI datasets, and surface-based ( SYNOP) observations at the level of monthly and annual means. The results shows that the standard MODIS Level 2 cloud mask product MOD35/ MYD35 can be successfully used to develop a regional, high-resolution cloud climatology. MODIS provides reliable estimates of cloud amount at the national scale (annual mean: 64.0% or 70.8%, depending on the MODIS data interpretation scheme), and correctly reproduces the annual cloud amount cycle (correlation between monthly means with SEVIRI/ AVHRR >0.98). A comparison with monthly mean surface observations reveals a bias ranging from −1.1% up to 5.9%, and a root mean square error of 4.2% − 6.6%. MODIS data also correctly indicates the spatial distribution of clouds. However, local anomalies were detected that were identified as artifacts of the MODIS cloud detection algorithm. Those artifacts covered 9% of the study area, but had no impact on spatially-averaged metrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Research Papers of the Wroclaw University of Economics / Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wroclawiu is the property of Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny we Wroclawiu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In our paper, we compile a detailed 3-D velocity model of the crust for the territory of Poland and investigate the effect of a 3-D density distribution in the crust on geoid undulations. The major tectonic feature in the study area is the Trans European Suture Zone (TESZ) separating the Precambrian East European Craton from younger tectonic units of Palaeozoic Europe. High-resolution seismic models of the crust and upper mantle from recent controlled-source experiments were interpolated into a 3-D P-wave velocity model for the whole Poland. The model was converted to a density model assuming different equations connecting seismic velocities to densities for crustal rocks, sediments and the uppermost mantle. The crustal density model was used to calculate synthetic geoid undulations for the territory of Poland and to estimate influence of separate layers (topography, sediments, crust and uppermost mantle) on the geoid. To calculate the gravity effect of a large-scale 3-D density model, we developed a code based on a point mass algorithm as well as prisms algorithm that uses some easy to implement optimizations. The synthetic geoid undulations were compared to an existing gravimetric quasi-geoid solution. The modelling showed that the difference in crustal structure between the East European Platform and Palaeozoic Platform explains significant part of the observed geoid undulations in the study area. The remained residual could be related to density inhomogeneities in the upper mantle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the complete design processes of novel aeration control systems in the SBR (sequencing batch reactor) wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Due to large energy expense and a high influence on biological processes, the aeration system plays a key role in WWTP operation. The paper considers the aeration system for a biological WWTP located in the northeast of Poland. This system consists of blowers, the main collector pipeline, three aeration lines with different diameters and lengths, and diffusers. Classical control systems applied for this type of installation are based on PID (proportional–integral–derivative) controllers, the settings of which are often found experimentally. The article presents the optimization of these settings and the design of an alternative control algorithm—the fuzzy controller. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of renewable energy, including wind farms, photovoltaic farms as well as prosumer installations, and the development of electromobility pose new challenges for network operators. The results of these changes are, among others, the change of network load profiles and load flows determining greater volatility of voltages. Most of the proposed solutions do not assume a change of the transformer regulator algorithm. The possibilities of improving the quality of regulation, which can be found in the literature, most often include various methods of coordination of the operation of the transformer regulator with various devices operating in the Medium-Voltage (MV) network. This coordination can be decentralized or centralized. Unfortunately, the proposed solutions often require costly technical resources and/or large amounts of real-time data monitoring. The goal of the authors was to create an algorithm that extends the functionality of typical transformer control algorithms. The proposed solution allows for reducing the risk of voltage collapse. The performance of the proposed algorithm was validated using multivariate computer simulations and tests with the use of a physical model of the distribution network. The DIgSILENT PowerFactory environment was used to develop the simulation model of the proposed algorithm. Then, tests were conducted on real devices installed in the LINTEˆ2 Laboratory at the Gdańsk University of Technology, Poland. Selected test results are included in this paper. All results have shown that the proposed algorithm makes it possible to increase the reserve of the voltage stability of the node, in which it is applied, thus mitigating the risk of a voltage collapse occurring. The proposed algorithm does not require complex and costly technical solutions. Owing to its simplicity, it has a high potential for practical application, as confirmed by the real-time control experiment in the laboratory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated whether it is possible to train a machine to discriminate levels of extraversion based on handwriting variables. Support vector machines (SVMs) were used as a learning algorithm. Handwriting of 883 people (404 men, 479 women) was examined. Extraversion was measured using the Polish version of the NEO-Five Factor Inventory. The handwriting samples were described by 48 variables. The support vector machines were separately trained and tested for each sex, using 10-fold cross-validation. Good recognition accuracy (around .7) was achieved for 10 handwriting variables, different for men and women. The results suggest the existence of a relationship between handwriting elements and extraversion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Electrocardiographic diagnosis of wide QRS complex tachycardia (WCT) continues to be challenging as none one of the available methods is specific for ventricular tachycardia (VT) diagnosis. We aimed to construct a method for WCT differentiation based on a scoring system, in which ECGs are graded according to the number of VT-specific features. This novel method was validated and compared with Brugada algorithm and other methods.Methods and Results: A total of 786 WCTs (512 VTs) from 587 consecutive patients with a proven diagnosis were analysed by two blinded observers. The VT score method was based on seven ECG features: initial R wave in V1, initial r > 40 ms in V1/V2, notched S in V1, initial R in aVR, lead II R wave peak time ≥50 ms, no RS in V1-V6, and atrioventricular dissociation. Atrioventricular dissociation was assigned two points, and each of the other features was assigned one point. The overall accuracy of VT score ≥1 for VT diagnosis (83%) was higher than that of the aVR (72%, P = 0.001) and Brugada (81%) algorithms. Ventricular tachycardia score ≥3 was present in 66% of VTs and was more specific (99.6%) than any other algorithm/criterion for VT diagnosis. Ventricular tachycardia score ≥4 was present in 33% of VTs and was 100% specific for VT.Conclusion: The new ECG-based method provides a certain diagnosis of VT in the majority of patients with VT, identifies unequivocal ECGs, and has superior overall diagnostic accuracy to other ECG methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Polish energy market gained its competitive character in late 1990s. At that time in majority of European countries a new law was enacted (in Poland - in 1987), which enabled the creation of internal energy markets. The Polish Power Exchange has been functioning since the end of 1999. However, from the very onset it has constituted a vital component of under grounding liberalization of electricity market. Since it was created the Polish Power Exchange has served as a market mechanism for setting objective energy market price. Support and control of the Polish Financial Supervision Authority guarantee the security of concluded transactions. The spot energy market was created as the first one and has functioned according to the rule of the double auction. The model of Sadrieh will be used for the description of the auction rules applied to the spot energy trade on the Polish Power Exchange. Furthermore, an algorithm on the basis of which it is possible to forecast transaction prices is presented. The effectiveness of this algorithm will be compared with other traditional methods of forecasting transaction prices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tendencies for the voivodships of Poland to group into similar economic types is considered by means of a principal components analysis and a grouping algorithm. Data are taken on 1958 and 1964. In both years four basic dimensions accounted for nearly three-fourths of the total variance, These dimensions include 1) an agricultural factor, 2) a heavy industrial factor, 3) a socialized economy factor, and 4) an industrial growth dimension. These dimensions are used to group the voivodships into a system of regional types based on the degree of industralization and the agrarian characteristics, especially the degree of socialization of agriculture Changes in the voivodships over the six year period are noted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Research Papers of the Wroclaw University of Economics / Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wroclawiu is the property of Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny we Wroclawiu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

At the end of 19th century Vilfredo Pareto, as the first tried by using power-laws to describe wealth and income distributions in society. We applied early works of Pareto as well as Gibrat (i.e. laws of Pareto and rules of proportionate growth, respectively). Furthermore, we used recent and advanced models: the Generalised Lotka-Volterra model and collision models. By using empirical data for annual income of Polish households, e.g. for years 2003 and 2006, the comparison with these theoretical models was successfully made. The surprisingly good agreements with Pareto distribution were obtained, where Pareto exponents near the cubic law were found for middle class. For the low class very good agreement with prediction of the cumulative log-normal distribution was gained. Hence, it was possible to establish the border between low and middle society levels. The same was possible for the border between high and middle classes as the ranking for the former follows (to some extent) the Zipf law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology is one of the advanced solutions that uses electric vehicles (EV) to balance electricity demand in the power system. It can be particularly useful in analyzing and then mitigating the risk of not delivering electricity to the end user. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the possibility of operation of this technology in the legal framework. The article presents the analysis of the legal status in Poland, referring to the documents of the European Union and domestic legislation. Potential changes in Polish energy law that could facilitate the implementation of V2G technology are also proposed. In addition, the authors suggested the principles for the use of this technology, formulating a mechanism called the V2G Program. Within this Program, the V2G Service was defined and a business model of its implementation by a participant of the V2G Program (uEV) was presented. In addition, an uEV selection algorithm is provided so that the mathematical model of the V2G Service can be validated. Based on the performed simulations, it can be concluded that the implementation of the V2G Program requires significant changes in the Polish energy law, but it is feasible from the technical point of view. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the framework of the Satellite-based Monitoring Initiative for Regional Air quality (SAMIRA) project, the near-real-time (NRT) operation has been documented for an in-house developed algorithm used for the retrieval of aerosol optical depth (AOD) maps from the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) sensor onboard the Meteosat Second Generation (MSG). With the frequency of 15 min at a spatial resolution of roughly 5.5 × 5.5 km the AOD maps are provided for the country domains of Poland, the Czech Republic, Romania, and Southern Norway. A significant improvement has been reported in terms of modification of the existing prototype algorithm that it suits the operational NRT AOD retrieval for an extended area. This is mainly due to the application of the optimal interpolation method for the AOD estimation on reference days with the use of ground-based measurements of the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) and the Aerosol Research Network (PolandAOD-NET) as well as simulations of the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS). The main issues that have been addressed regarding surface reflectance estimation, cloud screening and uncertainty calculation. Exemplary maps of the NRT retrieval have been presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]