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The article presents documentation of several books and papers related to the regional growth of Europe. "European Yearbook," A record of European organization and integration compiled under the auspices of the Council of Europe. Regional Development, Economic Growth And Employment in France. A discussion of the excessive concentration of industry around the cities, particularly Paris, of the effects this concentration is having on the nation's economy, and of what may be done to change the trend. "Continental France," Facts and figures on the political and economic state of France with some information on foreign trade and special inducements for foreign investors.

The article presents a list of reference material related to economic development and aid. The article "Industrialization and Productivity," discusses the size of plant in underdeveloped countries, problems of small-scale industry, principally in Japan, management of industrial enterprises in underdeveloped countries and problems of operating technological research institutes. Another article "Patterns in Industrial; Growth," analyses of the significant changes between 1938, 1948, 1953 and 1958 in the role, output, employment and productivity of the mining, manufacturing, construction, and gas and electricity producing industries of the world. One of the articles "Plain Talk in Five Panels," analyzes five groups of professional workers who discusses topics like causes of success and failure in technical assistance projects; balance in economic development; selection and training for cross-cultural work; what the less developed countries want; the role of development banks. The article named "Redressing the Balance," presents an English viewpoint on the U.S. request that Europe start to shoulder aid to underdeveloped countries.

The article focuses on the paper "Toward a New International Economic System," by Keizai Doyukai and Committee for Economic Development. Much of this joint statement by the CED and Keizai Doyukai essentially restates their traditional progressive economic philosophies: liberalization of trade, freedom of international movement of capital, greater aid to developing nations and so forth. Of chief interest therefore are those parts, which indicate current priorities and areas of differences in views. Two points set the outlook of the statement in perspective. First, the general requirement is for a new economic system that accommodates the rapidly changing economic relations among countries. Second, neither the important differences in the trade and domestic economic policies of the two countries nor the serious clashes of economic interest that still exist should be minimized. The issue of internal verses external effects of government polices recognized as central by presenting it as the first item under "Basic Principles."

Addresses comments on a study about the role of population in an economic growth model. Relation between age and labor participation; Arguments concerning consumption per head; Focus of the study.

The article presents a reference guide for Far East. Names of publishers of books and the addresses of periodicals are provided to aid readers. Listings include only basic material, not news items or reports of transitory significance. "A History of the Far East in Modern Times," by Harold M. Vinacke, is the sixth edition of a book first published in 1950, which includes postwar material on Japan, China, Korea and other far eastern areas. "Economic Survey of Asia and the Far East," includes sections on foreign trade, post war industrialization and many statistical tables. "Ceylon as a Market," by W.R. Van, a survey of Ceylon's market and how to sell in it by the Canadian commercial secretary in Colombo. "Sinhalese Village," Bryce Ryan, is a detailed study of village life and its relationship to the changing country as a whole. The whole issue of "India: Economic Development and Cultural Change" is on India. Subjects discussed by a variety of authors are: economic planning, population growth, public and private business, employment and unemployment, agriculture, capital formation, entrepreneurship and inflation.

The article presents abstracts of population, health and housing research. They include "Inquiry Among Governments on Problems Resulting From the Interaction of Economic Development and Population Changes," "The Staffing of Public Health and Out-Patient Services" and "Housing, Building and Planning. Implementation of Resolution 1917 (XVIII) of the General Assembly."

Theoretical work on money and growth is a major forward step in the development of monetary theory as a part of economic theory. From these developments, we can expect to obtain a firmer foundation for social policy. Meanwhile, I believe we can accept some of the main policy conclusions--the advantages of permitting competitive banking, removing the prohibition against interest payments on demand deposits, and steady, or at least steadier, growth of money--on the basis or analysis that is much less restrictive and better validated than the theory used to establish the set of propositions we now call optimal monetary policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In summary, the experience of the Credit Crunch of 1966 shows: 1. The Federal Reserve was trying to operate under a broad target of furthering economic growth by restricting overheated areas and aiding depressed ones, rather than maintaining a narrow target such as free reserves or money supply alone would have provided. 2. The Federal Reserve recognized that quantitative credit controls have qualitative impact and it was moving to more selective intervention to offset this. 3. The Federal Reserve was working to maintain the status quo in banking structure so that liability management by the major banks would not help the large banks grow larger while the small stagnated. Allowing the Credit Crunch of 1966 thus was no blunder on the part of the Reserve Authorities. Rather it was a new direction in monetary policy. For the large banks were trying to become immune to credit restraint through the new technique of liability management, and the Federal Reserve responded by developing new, broader, and more selective tools of its own. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reception accorded the S.E.C. Special Study ranged from the vituperative to the lyrical. Interestingly enough, some of the more deprecatory comments came from academicians while some of the more glowing came from the financial community. On a previous occasion, together with a colleague, I indicated in some detail that perhaps the best-known of these criticisms--that by Professor Stigler attacking the ineptitude of the Special Study and the ineffectiveness of the S.E.C.--was without much foundation. As pointed out at that time, I consider the Special Study a competent and useful document and the S.E.C. a valuable and effective agency. Since the justification for this view has already been set forth at some length, it will not be necessary to repeat it here. The Special Study has already had a major and I think generally beneficial impact on the securities markets through new legislation, new regulations, and the intensified attention given both by the securities industry and the S.E.C. to the solution of both old and new problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article assesses financial innovation and structural change in the early stages of industrialization based on the experience of the financial sector in Mexico from 1945-1959. A description of a traditional economy is included as is the transformation by which such an economy can become a developing economy through alterations in the production function. There are five ways, the article states, for financing innovation in developing economies, including self-financing, tax increases, direct financing, government securities, and indirect financing.

The article discusses the policy acceptance in the U.S. of reliance on automatic fiscal stabilizers. The author provides a history of previous fiscal stabilizer studies. The author states that it is necessary to illustrate the potential incompatibility of an annually balanced budget that has economic stability. The article also discusses institutional changes which made automatic fiscal stabilizers more important and the acceptance of automatic fiscal stabilizers as part of government policy. An analysis of how the U.S. executive and legislative branch is involved is also provided.

The article discusses the method of control of capital issues adopted by Great Britain. The author states that an increasing number of economists have focused their interest on the problems associated with secular acceleration. These problems include a long-run tendency for planned investment to exceed planned savings, rather than on the main concern of the 1930's, which was secular stagnation. The article also discusses the scope of controls, the argument of the "bonus-issue," and problems with hiring and purchasing.

The article examines financial problems in underdeveloped countries and various conflicts associated with financing development programs in these regions. Developing an economy is more complex than simply incorporating a few businesses using modern methods of production. If economic development is to be meaningful, it must also have a change in attitudes towards production, consumption, saving and investment. Economic development needs social values that encourage business and technological innovations, while simultaneously causing expansion and growth. The author states that a major conflict for improved development is sociological.

The article discusses the promotion of economic growth for underdeveloped areas of the world through international co-operation. It is explained that the economic growth of underdeveloped nations of the world is stated to depend upon the fulfillment through international action of two conditions, which includes the provision of technique or know-how, and, second, the supplying of capital funds to the underdeveloped nations. The article focuses on the economic growth and assistance occurring in Venezuela.

This article focuses on investment prospects in the U.S. The article is the result of early research conducted by the Committee for Economic Development, but not a product of that body. The author discusses the immediate prospect of high employment and successful investment, then addresses concerns that the form of financing of investment may lead to depression and unemployment, and finally, addresses possible forms of investment financing that will successfully avoid depression and stagnation. The author presents strategies that will facilitate the flow of cash into equity as opposed to debt, including fiscal policy recommendations relative to tax structure and state and local regulations.

The article discusses the problems associated with creating economic experiments in laboratory settings through the use of controlled and simulated conditions. The author explains that unlike other types of scientific experimentation, economics has too many variables that require real-life situations in order to observe. The author suggests that rather than creating scenarios, the most effective way to study the economy is through observing and discussing the actual trends that occur in relation to inflation, politics and growth.

Responds to a critique of the author's paper on the pre-Keynesian theory of economics. Failure of the theory to distinguish between the degree of utilization of a stock of equipment already in existence and the choice of technique in schemes of new investment; Differences between different economic systems; Flaws of the critic's alternative theory.

The article presents a reference guide for Middle East. Names of publishers of books and the addresses of periodicals are provided to aid readers. Listings include only basic material, not news items or reports of transitory significance. "Who's Who in U.A.R. and the Near East" presents brief biographies of important people in U.A.R., the Sudan, Iran, Libya, Cyprus, Lebanon, Jordan, Iraq, Saudi-Arabia, India, Pakistan, Ceylon, Indonesia, Ethiopia and Aden. "Middle East in Crisis: A Historical and Documentary Review," by Carol Ann Fisher and Fred Krinsky, reviews past and present trends, problems and policies concerning Middle East. "Middle East Perspective," by R.C. Mowat, is a survey of the events and ideas that have brought about the present situation. "The Determination of the Stock of Money and the Promotion of Economic Activities in Egypt," by Soghi F. Geraissa, is an abstract of a doctoral thesis completed at the University of Wisconsin in 1957. "Israel: Rebirth in an Antique Land," is a special section on Israel, covering her international relations, place in the Arab world, Zionism, newcomers, politics, financial problems, and over population.

The article presents a reference guide for monetary affairs. Names of publishers of books and the addresses of periodicals are provided to aid readers. Listings include only basic material, not news items or reports of transitory significance. "Foreign Trade and Finance: Essays in International Economic Equilibrium and Adjustment," is written by William R. Allen and Clark Lee Allen. Part I of "Balance of Payments and Economic Growth," by John M. Letiche, presents a critical review of current theoretical explanations of the international balancing process. Part II is an application of this theoretical analysis to particular issues of economic development. "Exchange Stabilization Funds," by Mordechai E. Kreinin is an abstract of a doctoral thesis completed at the University of Michigan in 1954. In "International Financial Transactions and Business Cycles," by Oskar Morgenstern, the interaction of international money markets and the spread of business cycles in the periods of 1879-1914 and 1919-1938 are studied.

The article provides information about the Indian School of International Studies in New Delhi, India. The schools was founded on October 3, 1955 by vice president Dr. S. Radhakrishnan. It is renowned as the center for advanced studies of international affairs with special reference to political, economic, and social developments in the countries of Asia for Indian and foreign students. It offers training in international relations and area studies based on study of documents, language study, and field research. The author further gives details on the facilities found in the school.

David McClelland's well-known hypothesis that achievement motivation is in part responsible for economic growth was supported by an interlocking series of empirical studies suggesting that a particular human motive, the need for achievement, promotes entrepreneurship, which in turn is a key to economic growth. But none of the studies focused on peasants, even though they make up at least three-fourths of the population in Asia, Africa, and Latin America, where economic growth is a critical problem. More recent studies by Everett Rogers and his associates which show correlations between achievement scores and agricultural innovativeness in farming communities in both India and Colombia have led McClelland to the conclusion that his hypothesis also holds true for peasants, since he thinks of agricultural innovativeness as a form of entrepreneurship. The purpose of this study is to explore the generalizability of the McClelland hypothesis and of Roger's findings to other peasants, by presenting data on the relationship between achievement motivation and agricultural behavior among two different samples of Palestinian subjects.

The interrelationships between changes in the location of population and employment and the structure of economic activity in the development of regions has not been examined explicitly, This study constructs a paradigm based on national trends showing the relationship of population and employment in the development of a region. Data for the Old Manufacturing Belt and the South are examined to determine if the processes evident at the national level are apparent in two subnational regions which differ in their levels of economic development. The results are consistent. The paradigm appears to be useful as a model for indicating the broad patterns of change which can be expected to occur as a region develops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on rural sociological research and social policy. Rural sociologists, perhaps more than other social scientists, have a long tradition of belief that their work should be "applied," that is, their research should have an impact on social policy decisions relevant to pressing social problems. As recently as the 1972 annual meeting, this position was reiterated by the current president of the Rural Sociological Society Thomas Ford, who stated: "If there is anything that has set the Runt Sociological Society apart from organizations of other sociologists, it has been the deeply ingrained belief that sociology should be applied to the basic problems of rural society." In light of this belief, it is surprising to see that the most provoking and visible analysis of rural life comes from outside the social science academic community in general, and outside rural sociology in particular. Most sociological research is so trivial from a social policy perspective that art analysis of its impact would be meaningless. President Ford may also have been alluding to the problem of limited relevance when he made the following observation regarding the belief of rural sociologists in applied research. The failure to convert that belief into more effective action has at times made it appear more of a myth than a credo. Regardless of whether one accepts this particular characterization of rural sociology, few would deny that "Hard Tomatoes, Hard Times," has a visibility and therefore a potential for social policy impact shared by little if any rural sociological research.

The article is a Machiavellian Perspective on Community development theory and practice. Community development theory and practice have been generally inapplicable and unsuccessful in developing countries. The prime reason for this is: community development theory and practice, as well as foreign assistance, have been derived mainly from North American and Anglo-Saxon experiences that were later applied to other countries without serious consideration of cultural differences and ideological systems, rather than social change (development) has been advocated. The author proposes to offer alternative solutions, based on an antidemocratic and Machiavellian perspective. His justification is that: the developing countries, in order to advance more rapidly must forego the democratic experience until more urgent socioeconomic goals can be attained or at least show high probabilities for attainment. The author describes democracy as a form of government that is too inefficient for rapid socioeconomic development.

Discusses the findings and recommendations of the International Labor Organization mission to Liberia in February 1974. Analysis of the failure of the economic development to lead to a balanced national development; Discussion on government policies affecting foreign investment; Importance of increasing tax revenues.

Focuses on problems and strategies in rural development. Components of a rural development program; Importance of an integrated approach in tackling the problems in the rural sector.

The article measures the effect of public finance during the period 1793-1815 on the rate and direction of Great Britain's economic development. It explores the country's involvement in war during the period. One aspect of the war which has intermittently attracted economists" attention from the time of the "bullionist" controversy is the effect of the expedients that were adopted in the field of public finance. The article describes the sources of data which economic historian can use to be able to fairly measure the effect of the country's finance on the rate and direction of economic growth. An analysis on the economic indicators during the period is presented.