33 results on '"Mofijur, M."'
Search Results
2. Deep learning modelling techniques: current progress, applications, advantages, and challenges
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Ahmed, Shams Forruque, Alam, Md. Sakib Bin, Hassan, Maruf, Rozbu, Mahtabin Rodela, Ishtiak, Taoseef, Rafa, Nazifa, Mofijur, M., Shawkat Ali, A. B. M., and Gandomi, Amir H.
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- 2023
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3. A review of the recent development, challenges, and opportunities of electronic waste (e-waste)
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Shahabuddin, M., Uddin, M. Nur, Chowdhury, J. I., Ahmed, S. F., Uddin, M. N., Mofijur, M., and Uddin, M. A.
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- 2023
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4. Advanced catalysts and effect of operating parameters in ethanol dry reforming for hydrogen generation. A review
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Shafiqah, Mohd-Nasir Nor, Siang, Tan Ji, Kumar, Ponnusamy Senthil, Ahmad, Zainal, Jalil, A. A., Bahari, Mahadi B., Van Le, Quyet, Xiao, Leilei, Mofijur, M., Xia, Changlei, Ahmed, Shams Forruque, and Vo, Dai-Viet N.
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- 2022
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5. Microalgae binary culture for higher biomass production, nutrients recycling, and efficient harvesting: a review
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Alam, Md. Asraful, Wan, Chun, Tran, Dang Thuan, Mofijur, M., Ahmed, Shams Forruque, Mehmood, Muhammad Aamer, Shaik, Feroz, Vo, Dai-Viet N., and Xu, Jingliang
- Published
- 2022
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6. SARS-CoV-2 variants and environmental effects of lockdowns, masks and vaccination: a review
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Akter, Shirin, Zakia, Marzuka Ahmed, Mofijur, M., Ahmed, Shams Forruque, Vo, Dai-Viet N., Khandaker, Gulam, and Mahlia, T. M. I.
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- 2022
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7. Recovery of gas waste from the petroleum industry: a review
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Hagos, Ftwi Y., Abd Aziz, Abd Rashid, Zainal, Ezrann Zharif, Mofijur, M., and Ahmed, Shams Forruque
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- 2022
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8. RETRACTED: Prospects of Bioenergy Production From Organic Waste Using Anaerobic Digestion Technology: A Mini Review.
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Uddin, M. N., Sk. Yasir Arafat Siddiki, Mofijur, M., Djavanroodi, F., Hazrat, M. A., Show, Pau Loke, Ahmed, S. F., Yu-Ming Chu, Chin Cheng, Nguyen Thi Dong Phuong, and Sze Shin Low
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ORGANIC wastes ,GREENHOUSE gas mitigation ,ANAEROBIC digestion ,WASTE management ,WASTE recycling ,RENEWABLE energy sources - Abstract
Anaerobic digestion (AD) from organic waste has gained worldwide attention because it offers significant environmental and economic benefits. It can reduce the local waste through recycling which will conserve resources, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and build economic resilience in the face of an uncertain future for energy production and waste disposal. The productive use of local waste through recycling conserves resources by reducing landfill space, the whole of life impacts of landfilling, and post-closure maintenance of landfills. Turning waste into a renewable energy source will assist the decarbonisation of the economy by reducing harmful emissions and pollutants. Therefore, this mini-review aims to summarise key factors and present valuable evidence for an efficient AD process. It also presents the pros and cons of different AD process to convert organic waste along with the reactor technologies. Besides, this paper highlights the challenges and the future perspective of the AD process. However, it is highlighted that for an effective and efficient AD process, appropriate temperature, pH, a strong inoculum to substrate ratio, good mixing and small particle sizes are important factors. The selection of suitable AD process and reactor is important because not all types of processes and reactors are not effective for processing organic waste. This study is of great importance for ongoing work on renewable energy generation from waste and provides important knowledge of innovative waste processing. Finally, it is recommended that the government should increase their support towards the AD technology and consider the unutilized significant potential of gaseous biofuel production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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9. Data-driven modelling techniques for earth-air heat exchangers to reduce energy consumption in buildings: a review
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Ahmed, Shams Forruque, Saha, Suvash C., Debnath, J. C., Liu, G., Mofijur, M., Baniyounes, Ali, Chowdhury, S. M. E. K., and Vo, Dai-Viet N.
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- 2021
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10. Biogas upgrading, economy and utilization: a review
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Ahmed, Shams Forruque, Mofijur, M., Tarannum, Karishma, Chowdhury, Anika Tasnim, Rafa, Nazifa, Nuzhat, Samiha, Kumar, P. Senthil, Vo, Dai-Viet N., Lichtfouse, Eric, and Mahlia, T. M. I.
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- 2021
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11. Techniques to improve the stability of biodiesel: a review
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Hazrat, M. A., Rasul, M. G., Khan, M. M. K., Mofijur, M., Ahmed, S. F., Ong, Hwai Chyuan, Vo, Dai-Viet N., and Show, Pau Loke
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- 2021
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12. Recovery of Lithium from Industrial Li-Containing Wastewater Using Fluidized-Bed Homogeneous Granulation Technology.
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Le, Van Giang, Luu, The Anh, Tran, Huu Tuan, Bui, Ngoc T., Mofijur, M., Nguyen, Minh Ky, Bui, Xuan Thanh, Bahari, M. B., Vo, Hoang Nhat Phong, Vu, Chi Thanh, Chien, Guo-Ping Chang, and Huang, Yao-Hui
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GRANULATION ,LITHIUM ,SEWAGE ,CORPORATE profits ,PRODUCT recovery ,WOOD pellets - Abstract
In this study, a novel fluidized-bed homogeneous granulation (FBHo-G) process was developed to recover lithium (Li) from industrial Li-impacted wastewater. Five important operational variables (i.e., temperatures, pH, [P]
0 /[Li]0 molar ratios, surface loadings, and up-flow velocities (Umf )) were selected to optimize the Li recovery (TR%) and granulation ratio (GR%) efficiencies of the process. The optimal operational conditions were determined as the following: a temperature of 75 °C, pH of 11.5, [P]0 /[Li]0 of 0.5, surface loading of 2.5 kg/m2 ·h, and Umf of 35.7 m/h). The TR% and GR% at optimal condition could be as much as 90%. The material characterization of the recovery pellet products showed that they were highly crystallized Li3 PO4 (purity ~88.2%). The pellets had a round shape and smooth surface with an average size of 0.65 mm, so could easily be stored and transported. The high purity enables them to be further directly reused as raw materials for a wide range of industrial applications (e.g., in the synthesis of cathode materials). Our calculation shows that the FBHo-G process could recover up to 0.1845 kg of lithium per cubic meter of Li-containing wastewater, at a recovery rate of ~90%. A brief technoeconomic analysis shows that FBHG process had economic viability, with an estimate production cost of USD 26/kg Li removed, while the potential gained profit for selling lithium phosphate pellets could be up to USD 48 per the same volume of wastewater and the net profit up to USD 22/m3 Li treated. In all, fluidized-bed homogeneous granulation, a seedless one-step recovery process, opens a promising pathway toward a green and sustainable recycling industry for the recovery and application of the resource-limited lithium element from nonconventional water sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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13. Insights into anaerobic digestion of microalgal biomass for enhanced energy recovery.
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Hasan, M. M., Mofijur, M., Uddin, M. N., Kabir, Zobaidul, Badruddin, Irfan Anjum, Khan, T. M. Yunus, Farooq, Muhammad, Ahmad, Anees, and Murshid, Ghulam
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BIOMASS energy ,SUSTAINABILITY ,CLEAN energy ,BIOGAS production ,WASTE management ,ANAEROBIC digestion - Abstract
This review paper delves into the intricate challenge of transforming microalgal biomass into biofuel through anaerobic digestion, elucidating its significance for sustainable energy production and waste management. Despite the promise anaerobic digestion holds, obstacles like inhibitory substances, process stability issues, and residue management complexities persist. Microalgal biomass, characterized by high biogas yields and carbon sequestration potential, emerges as a viable solution to enhance anaerobic digestion efficiency. Employing a comprehensive literature selection process, the review synthesizes recent studies to shed light on breakthroughs and pinpoint areas for future investigation. Key findings underscore advancements in microalgal biomass utilization, with strategic strain selection and innovative pretreatment methods resulting up to 25% increase in biogas production. Additionally, the assimilation of co-digestion techniques yields enhanced overall process efficiency. Microalgal biomass demonstrates remarkable carbon sequestration capabilities, sequestering up to 60% of CO
2 during the anaerobic digestion process. Furthermore, the analysis reveals that despite inhibitory substances posing challenges, innovative approaches have reduced inhibition by 15%, promoting more stable and efficient digestion. Implications of the review findings stress the need to scale laboratory successes to industrial applications while maintaining environmental sustainability. Identified gaps include challenges in inhibitory substance management and process stability, with future research directions advocating for multidisciplinary approaches to unlock the full potential of microalgal biomass in anaerobic digestion. In conclusion, the review contributes significantly to understanding the intricate relationship between microalgal biomass and anaerobic digestion, highlighting the importance of continued research and development to address existing challenges and advance towards a more regenerative bioeconomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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14. Environmental and human health impact of single-use plastic-made personal protective equipment used to limit the spread of SARS-CoV-2.
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Zakia, Marzuka Ahmed, Akter, Shirin, Rony, Zahidul Islam, Rahaman, Mizanur, Ahmed, Shams Forruque, Vo, Dai-Viet N., and Mofijur, M.
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PERSONAL protective equipment ,ENVIRONMENTAL health ,SURGICAL gloves ,QUARANTINE ,SARS-CoV-2 ,COVID-19 pandemic ,MEDICAL wastes ,SINGLE-use plastics - Abstract
The novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has wreaked havoc throughout the world, affecting nearly every country. Several countries are currently battling the virus's second or third wave, which is wreaking havoc far worse than the first. A variety of plastic-based personal protective equipment (PPE) was instrumental in protecting people during the COVID-19 pandemic. Every day, a significant amount of single-use PPE including masks, gloves, protective aprons, face shields, safety glasses, sanitiser containers, plastic shoes, and medical gowns (made primarily of polypropylene) is discarded by health care workers and the general public. While this personal protective equipment is lowering the spread of SARS-CoV2, the lacking of sustainable management possesses a serious threat to public health and the environment. As the SARS-CoV-2 virus can survive in discarded medical waste for up to 168 hours, likely, the medical waste originating from hospitals, clinics, medical centres, home isolation, and quarantine facilities where the infected individual is getting treatment could spread and increase the infectivity of the virus. Therefore, this paper discusses the environmental and human health consequences of single-use personal protective equipment used to reduce the spread of SARS-CoV-2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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15. Harnessing Solar Power: A Review of Photovoltaic Innovations, Solar Thermal Systems, and the Dawn of Energy Storage Solutions.
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Hasan, M. M., Hossain, Shakhawat, Mofijur, M., Kabir, Zobaidul, Badruddin, Irfan Anjum, Yunus Khan, T. M., and Jassim, Esam
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SOLAR thermal energy ,SOLAR concentrators ,SOLAR energy ,ENERGY storage ,CLEAN energy ,RENEWABLE energy sources ,GREENHOUSE gas mitigation - Abstract
The goal of this review is to offer an all-encompassing evaluation of an integrated solar energy system within the framework of solar energy utilization. This holistic assessment encompasses photovoltaic technologies, solar thermal systems, and energy storage solutions, providing a comprehensive understanding of their interplay and significance. It emphasizes the importance of solar energy as a renewable resource and its role in addressing global energy demand and mitigating climate change. The review highlights the significance of advancements in various solar energy technologies, focusing on their environmental benefits, including greenhouse gas emissions reduction and air and water pollution mitigation. It explores the evolution of photovoltaic technologies, categorizing them into first-, second-, and third-generation photovoltaic cells, and discusses the applications of solar thermal systems such as water heaters, air heaters, and concentrators. The paper examines key advancements in energy storage solutions for solar energy, including battery-based systems, pumped hydro storage, thermal storage, and emerging technologies. It references recent published literature to present findings on energy payback time, carbon footprint, and performance metrics. Challenges to widespread adoption are discussed, including cost and economic viability, intermittency, environmental impacts, and grid integration. Strategies to overcome these challenges, such as cost reduction, policy support, energy storage integration, and sustainable practices, are presented based on published literature. By bridging gaps in existing literature, this comprehensive resource aims to equip researchers, policymakers, and industry professionals with insights into forging a sustainable and renewable energy future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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16. Multiphysical analysis of nanoparticles and their effects on plants.
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Chowdhury, Mohammad Asaduzzaman, Shuvho, Md Bengir Ahmed, Hossain, Md Imran, Ali, Md Osman, Kchaou, Mohamed, Rahman, Atiqur, Yeasmin, Nilufa, Khan, Abdus Sabur, Rahman, Md Azizur, and Mofijur, M.
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NANOPARTICLES analysis ,PLANT morphology ,TOXICITY testing ,ULTRAVIOLET radiation ,SCANNING electron microscopy - Abstract
Nanoparticles are the magic bullets and at the leading edge in the field of nanotechnology, and their unique properties make these materials indispensable and superior in many areas, including the electronic field. Extensive applications of nanomaterials are incontrovertibly entering our living system. The increasing use of nanomaterials into the ecosystem is one of the crucial environmental factors that human being is facing. Nanomaterials raise noticeable toxicological concerns; particularly their accumulation in plants and the resultant toxicity may affect the food chain. Here, we analyzed the characterization of nanomaterials, such as graphene, Al2O3, TiO2, and semi‐insulating or conducting nanoparticles. Quantitative evaluation of the nanomaterials was conducted and their commercialization aspects were discussed. Various characterization techniques, scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and ultraviolet rays were utilized to identify the morphology, phase, absorbance, and crystallinity. In addition, we analyzed the effects of nanomaterials on plants. The toxicity of nanoparticles has severe effects on loss of morphology of the plants. Potential mechanisms including physical and physiological effects were analyzed. In future studies, it is indispensable to assess widely accepted toxicity evaluation for safe production and use of nanomaterials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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17. In situ sintered silver decorated 3D structure of cellulose scaffold for highly thermoconductive electromagnetic interference shielding epoxy nanocomposites.
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Tran, Thi Tuong Vi, Vo, Dai‐Viet N., Nguyen, Son Thanh, Luu, Son D. N., Mofijur, M., and Vu, Canh Minh
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ELECTROMAGNETIC interference ,ELECTROMAGNETIC shielding ,CELLULOSE ,THERMAL conductivity ,HEAT capacity - Abstract
This study presents a 3‐dimensional (3D) network structure of cellulose scaffold (CS), which was in situ decorated with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The scaffold was then infiltrated with epoxy matrix and cured at elevated temperature to sinter the AgNPs; finally, highly thermoconductive epoxy composites (Ag@CS/epoxy) was obtained. The resultant Ag@CS20/epoxy composite reached a thermal conductivity of 2.52 W·m−1·K−1 at 2.2 vol% of filler loading, which shows an enhancement of over 11‐folds in the thermal conductivity compared to the neat epoxy. The superb electrical conductivity value of over 53,691 S·m−1 of the Ag@CS20/epoxy was achieved, which led to exceptional EMI SE values of 69.1 dB. Furthermore, surface temperatures during heating and cooling were also investigated to demonstrate the superior heat dissipating capacity of the Ag@CS/epoxy composite, which can be potentially put an application as thermal dissipating material in the next generation of electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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18. Lipid Extraction Maximization and Enzymatic Synthesis of Biodiesel from Microalgae.
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Fattah, I.M. Rizwanul, Noraini, M.Y., Mofijur, M., Silitonga, A. S., Badruddin, Irfan Anjum, Khan, T.M. Yunus, Ong, Hwai Chyuan, and Mahlia, T.M.I.
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FATTY acid methyl esters ,RENEWABLE energy sources ,ALGAL biofuels ,GLYCERIN ,MICROALGAE ,LIPIDS ,SOLVENT extraction ,VEGETABLE oils - Abstract
Microalgae has received overwhelming attention worldwide as a sustainable source for energy generation. However, the production of biofuel from microalgae biomass consists of several steps, of which lipid extraction is the most important one. Because of the nature of feedstock, extraction needs special attention. Three different methods were studied to extract algal oil from two different algae variant, Chlorella sp. and Spirulina sp. The highest percentage oil yield was obtained by ultrasonication (9.4% for Chlorella sp., 6.6% for Spirulina sp.) followed by the Soxhlet and solvent extraction processes. Ultrasonication and Soxhlet extraction processes were further optimized to maximize oil extraction as solvent extraction was not effective in extracting lipid. For ultrasonication, an amplitude of 90% recorded the highest percentage yield of oil for Spirulina sp. and a 70% amplitude recorded the highest percentage yield of oil for Chlorella sp. On the other hand, for Soxhlet extraction, a combination of chloroform, hexane, and methanol at a 1:1:1 ratio resulted in the highest yield of algal oil. Afterward, the crude algae oil from the ultrasonication process was transesterified for 5 h using an immobilized lipase (Novozyme 435) at 40 °C to convert triglycerides into fatty acid methyl ester and glycerol. Thus, ultrasonic-assisted lipid extraction was successful in producing biodiesel from both the species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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19. Study on the Friction and Wear Characteristics of Bio-lubricant Synthesized from Second Generation Jatropha Methyl Ester.
- Author
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Shahabuddin, M., Mofijur, M., Kalamc, M. A., and Masjuki, H. H.
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METHYL formate ,BOUNDARY lubrication ,JATROPHA ,FRICTION ,PETROLEUM ,LUBRICATION & lubricants - Abstract
The demands for eco-friendly bio-lubricants are growing due to the environmental concern and the rapid depletion of petroleum oil. This paper outlines the tribological evaluation of jatropha methyl ester (JME) based bio-lubricant by analyzing its anti-wear (AW) and extreme pressure (EP) characteristics. The AW and EP tests were conducted using a four-ball tribotester with standard test methods of ASTM D 4172 and ASTM D 2783, respectively. After each test, the wear scar diameter, flash temperature parameter, viscosity and viscosity index (VI) were measured. The SEM analysis characterized the surface structure of the worn surface. The properties of formulated bio-lubricants were compared with the commercial lubricant SAE 15W-40. Experimental results showed that under boundary lubrication, the bio-lubricants showed excellent tribological properties up to the initial seizure load (ISL). Over the ISL, the friction and wear were increased slightly as compared to the commercial lubricant. The final seizure load (FSL) found for the biolubricant (BL 10), and commercial lubricant was 220 kg. The biolubricant with 10 % JME (BL 10) was found to be the most favorable, which met standard ISO requirements except for pour point. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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20. ENERGY AND WASTE MANAGEMENT FOR PETROLEUM REFINING EFFLUENTS: A CASE STUDY IN BANGLADESH.
- Author
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Azad, A. K., Rasul, M. G., Mofijur, M., Bhuiya, M. M. K., Mondal, Sukanta Kumar, and Sattar, M. Kafilur
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PETROLEUM as fuel ,ENERGY management ,WASTE management ,PETROLEUM refineries - Abstract
Transport fuel is one of the major concerns of the energy market. This fuel mainly comes from the processing of crude petroleum oil. The transport fuel processing industries, such as crude oil distillation plants, gas condensate fractionation plants, natural gas processing plants, etc., are one of the most energy- and emission-intensive sectors in the world. On the other hand, the handling and transportation of petroleum products like gasoline, kerosene, diesel, naphtha, octane and sprite, etc. also produce environmental pollution. This study reviewed energy and waste management by transport fuel processing industries in Bangladesh. Such industries are also known as petrochemical industries. They mainly produce gaseous pollutants such as process gas, waste gas, etc. and liquid pollutants such as produced water, waste oil and grease, etc. The gaseous pollutants are burnt in the flare system to save the environment. The liquid pollutants are more hazardous because of their higher salinity and corrosivity and higher amounts of grease. The literature on waste water management techniques, pollution abatement techniques and oil-water separator techniques is described. The waste water treatment techniques used in the case study industries are briefly discussed. Energy flows for both gaseous and liquid waste management are developed. Energy-saving and time frame measures which can be implemented are also outlined. The study found that the rational use of energy and proper environmental management are essential for achieving the energy and environmental sustainability of transport fuel process industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
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21. A Study on the Corrosion Characteristics of Internal Combustion Engine Materials in Second-Generation Jatropha Curcas Biodiesel.
- Author
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Shahabuddin, M., Mofijur, M., Shuvho, Md. Bengir Ahmed, Chowdhury, M. A. K., Kalam, M. A., Masjuki, H. H., and Chowdhury, M. A.
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INTERNAL combustion engines ,JATROPHA ,AUTOMOTIVE materials ,STAINLESS steel corrosion ,ELEMENTAL analysis ,BIODIESEL fuels ,X-ray emission spectroscopy - Abstract
The corrosiveness of biodiesel affects the fuel processing infrastructure and different parts of an internal combustion (IC) engine. The present study investigates the corrosion behaviour of automotive materials such as stainless steel, aluminium, cast iron, and copper in 20% (B20) and 30% (B30) by volume second-generation Jatropha biodiesel using an immersion test. The results were compared with petro-diesel (B0). Various fuel properties such as the viscosity, density, water content, total acid number (TAN), and oxidation stability were investigated after the immersion test using ASTM D341, ASTM D975, ASTM D445, and ASTM D6751 standards. The morphology of the corroded materials was investigated using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy SEM), whereas the elemental analysis was carried out using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The highest corrosion using biodiesel was detected in copper, while the lowest was detected in stainless steel. Using B20, the rate of corrosion in copper and stainless steel was 17% and 14% higher than when using diesel, which further increased to 206% and 86% using B30. After the immersion test, the viscosity, water content, and TAN of biodiesel were increased markedly compared to petro-diesel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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22. An Overview of Biodiesel Production via Calcium Oxide Based Catalysts: Current State and Perspective.
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Mazaheri, Hoora, Ong, Hwai Chyuan, Amini, Zeynab, Masjuki, Haji Hassan, Mofijur, M., Su, Chia Hung, Anjum Badruddin, Irfan, and Khan, T.M. Yunus
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BASE catalysts ,LIME (Minerals) ,HETEROGENEOUS catalysis ,HETEROGENEOUS catalysts ,METALLIC oxides ,CATALYTIC activity ,BIODIESEL fuels - Abstract
Biodiesel is a clean, renewable, liquid fuel that can be used in existing diesel engines without modification as pure or blend. Transesterification (the primary process for biodiesel generation) via heterogeneous catalysis using low-cost waste feedstocks for catalyst synthesis improves the economics of biodiesel production. Heterogeneous catalysts are preferred for the industrial generation of biodiesel due to their robustness and low costs due to the easy separation and relatively higher reusability. Calcium oxides found in abundance in nature, e.g., in seashells and eggshells, are promising candidates for the synthesis of heterogeneous catalysts. However, process improvements are required to design productive calcium oxide-based catalysts at an industrial scale. The current work presents an overview of the biodiesel production advancements using calcium oxide-based catalysts (e.g., pure, supported, and mixed with metal oxides). The review discusses different factors involved in the synthesis of calcium oxide-based catalysts, and the effect of reaction parameters on the biodiesel yield of calcium oxide-based catalysis are studied. Further, the common reactor designs used for the heterogeneous catalysis using calcium oxide-based catalysts are explained. Moreover, the catalytic activity mechanism, challenges and prospects of the application of calcium oxide-based catalysts in biodiesel generation are discussed. The study of calcium oxide-based catalyst should continue to be evaluated for the potential of their application in the commercial sector as they remain the pivotal goal of these studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. A Comprehensive Review on the Recent Development of Ammonia as a Renewable Energy Carrier.
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Hasan, Muhammad Heikal, Mahlia, Teuku Meurah Indra, Mofijur, M., Rizwanul Fattah, I.M., Handayani, Fitri, Ong, Hwai Chyuan, and Silitonga, A. S.
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RENEWABLE energy sources ,ELECTRIC power consumption ,ENERGY development ,WIND power ,AMMONIA ,ENERGY industries - Abstract
Global energy sources are being transformed from hydrocarbon-based energy sources to renewable and carbon-free energy sources such as wind, solar and hydrogen. The biggest challenge with hydrogen as a renewable energy carrier is the storage and delivery system's complexity. Therefore, other media such as ammonia for indirect storage are now being considered. Research has shown that at reasonable pressures, ammonia is easily contained as a liquid. In this form, energy density is approximately half of that of gasoline and ten times more than batteries. Ammonia can provide effective storage of renewable energy through its existing storage and distribution network. In this article, we aimed to analyse the previous studies and the current research on the preparation of ammonia as a next-generation renewable energy carrier. The study focuses on technical advances emerging in ammonia synthesis technologies, such as photocatalysis, electrocatalysis and plasmacatalysis. Ammonia is now also strongly regarded as fuel in the transport, industrial and power sectors and is relatively more versatile in reducing CO
2 emissions. Therefore, the utilisation of ammonia as a renewable energy carrier plays a significant role in reducing GHG emissions. Finally, the simplicity of ammonia processing, transport and use makes it an appealing choice for the link between the development of renewable energy and demand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Relationship between Weather Variables and New Daily COVID-19 Cases in Dhaka, Bangladesh.
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Mofijur, M., Rizwanul Fattah, I.M., Saiful Islam, A.B.M., Uddin, M.N., Ashrafur Rahman, S.M., Chowdhury, M.A., Alam, Md Asraful, and Uddin, Md. Alhaz
- Abstract
The present study investigated the relationship between the transmission of COVID-19 infections and climate indicators in Dhaka, Bangladesh, using coronavirus infections data available from the Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research (IEDCR), Bangladesh. The Spearman rank correlation test was carried out to study the association of seven climate indicators, including humidity, air quality, minimum temperature, precipitation, maximum temperature, mean temperature, and wind speed with the COVID-19 outbreak in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The study found that, among the seven indicators, only two indicators (minimum temperature and average temperature) had a significant relationship with new COVID-19 cases. The study also found that air quality index (AQI) had a strong negative correlation with cumulative cases of COVID-19 in Dhaka city. The results of this paper will give health regulators and policymakers valuable information to lessen the COVID-19 spread in Dhaka and other countries around the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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25. Resource Recovery from Waste Coffee Grounds Using Ultrasonic-Assisted Technology for Bioenergy Production.
- Author
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Mofijur, M., Kusumo, F., Fattah, I. M. Rizwanul, Mahmudul, H. M., Rasul, M. G., Shamsuddin, A. H., and Mahlia, T. M. I.
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COFFEE grounds ,WASTE recycling ,COFFEE waste ,WASTE products ,INSTANT coffee ,BIODIESEL fuels ,ALTERNATIVE fuels - Abstract
Biodiesel is a proven alternative fuel that can serve as a substitute for petroleum diesel due to its renewability, non-toxicity, sulphur-free nature and superior lubricity. Waste-based non-edible oils are studied as potential biodiesel feedstocks owing to the focus on the valorisation of waste products. Instead of being treated as municipal waste, waste coffee grounds (WCG) can be utilised for oil extraction, thereby recovering an energy source in the form of biodiesel. This study evaluates oil extraction from WCG using ultrasonic and Soxhlet techniques, followed by biodiesel conversion using an ultrasonic-assisted transesterification process. It was found that n-hexane was the most effective solvent for the oil extraction process and ultrasonic-assisted technology offers a 13.5% higher yield compared to the conventional Soxhlet extraction process. Solid-to-solvent ratio and extraction time of the oil extraction process from the dried waste coffee grounds (DWCG) after the brewing process was optimised using the response surface methodology (RSM). The results showed that predicted yield of 17.75 wt. % of coffee oil can be obtained using 1:30 w/v of the mass ratio of DWCG-ton-hexane and 34 min of extraction time when 32% amplitude was used. The model was verified by the experiment where 17.23 wt. % yield of coffee oil was achieved when the extraction process was carried out under optimal conditions. The infrared absorption spectrum analysis of WCG oil determined suitable functional groups for biodiesel conversion which was further treated using an ultrasonic-assisted transesterification process to successfully convert to biodiesel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Physicochemical Properties of Biodiesel Synthesised from Grape Seed, Philippine Tung, Kesambi, and Palm Oils.
- Author
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Ong, Hwai Chyuan, Mofijur, M., Silitonga, A.S., Gumilang, D., Kusumo, Fitranto, and Mahlia, T.M.I.
- Subjects
GRAPE seeds ,BIODIESEL fuels ,FATTY acid methyl esters ,VITIS vinifera ,OIL palm ,GRAPE seed oil ,FOSSIL fuels - Abstract
The production of biodiesel using vegetable oil is an effective way to meet growing energy demands, which could potentially reduce the dependency on fossil fuels. The aim of this study was to evaluate grape seed (Vitis vinifera), Philippine tung (Reutealis trisperma), and kesambi (Schleichera oleosa) oils as potential feedstocks for biodiesel production to meet this demand. Firstly, biodiesels from these oils were produced and then their fatty acid methyl ester profiles and physicochemical properties were evaluated and compared with palm biodiesel. The results showed that the biodiesel produced from grape seed oil possessed the highest oxidation stability of 4.62 h. On the other hand, poor oxidation stability was observed for Philippine tung biodiesel at 2.47 h. The poor properties of Philippine tung biodiesel can be attributed to the presence of α-elaeostearic fatty acid. Furthermore, synthetic antioxidants (pyrogallol) and diesel were used to improve the oxidation stability. The 0.2 wt.% concentration of pyrogallol antioxidant could increase the oxidation stability of grape seed biodiesel to 6.24 h, while for kesambi and Philippine tung, biodiesels at higher concentrations of 0.3% and 0.4 wt.%, respectively, were needed to meet the minimum limit of 8 h. The blending of biodiesel with fossil diesel at different ratios can also increase the oxidation stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Potential of Rice Industry Biomass as a Renewable Energy Source.
- Author
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Mofijur, M., Mahlia, T.M.I., Logeswaran, J., Anwar, M., Silitonga, A.S., Rahman, S.M. Ashrafur, and Shamsuddin, A.H.
- Subjects
RENEWABLE energy sources ,BIOMASS energy industries ,RICE industry ,RICE hulls ,RICE straw ,WHEAT straw - Abstract
Fossil fuel depletion, along with its ever-increasing price and detrimental impact on the environment, has urged researchers to look for alternative renewable energy. Of all the options available, biomass presents a very reliable source due to its never-ending supply. As research on various biomasses has grown in recent years, waste from these biomasses has also increased, and it is now time to shift the focus to utilizing these wastes for energy. The current waste management system mainly focuses on open burning and soil incorporation as it is cost-effective; however, these affect the environment. There must be an alternative way, such as to use it for power generation. Rice straw and rice husk are examples of such potential biomass waste. Rice is the main food source for the world, mostly in Asian regions, as most people consume rice daily. This paper reviews factors that impact the implementation of rice-straw-based power plants. Ash content and moisture content are important properties that govern combustion, and these vary with location. Logistical improvements are required to reduce the transport cost of rice husk and rice straw, which is higher than the transportation cost of coal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Optimization of Cerbera manghas Biodiesel Production Using Artificial Neural Networks Integrated with Ant Colony Optimization.
- Author
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Silitonga, Arridina Susan, Mahlia, Teuku Meurah Indra, Shamsuddin, Abd Halim, Ong, Hwai Chyuan, Milano, Jassinnee, Kusumo, Fitranto, Sebayang, Abdi Hanra, Dharma, Surya, Ibrahim, Husin, Husin, Hazlina, Mofijur, M., and Rahman, S. M. Ashrafur
- Subjects
ARTIFICIAL neural networks ,HYMENOPTERA ,TRANSESTERIFICATION ,MANUFACTURING processes - Abstract
Optimizing the process parameters of biodiesel production is the key to maximizing biodiesel yields. In this study, artificial neural network models integrated with ant colony optimization were developed to optimize the parameters of the two-step Cerbera manghas biodiesel production process: (1) esterification and (2) transesterification. The parameters of esterification and transesterification processes were optimized to minimize the acid value and maximize the C. manghas biodiesel yield, respectively. There was excellent agreement between the average experimental values and those predicted by the artificial neural network models, indicating their reliability. These models will be useful to predict the optimum process parameters, reducing the trial and error of conventional experimentation. The kinetic study was conducted to understand the mechanism of the transesterification process and, lastly, the model could measure the physicochemical properties of the C. manghas biodiesel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Production Process and Optimization of Solid Bioethanol from Empty Fruit Bunches of Palm Oil Using Response Surface Methodology.
- Author
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Nurfahmi, Mofijur, M., Ong, Hwai Chyuan, Jan, Badrul Mohamed, Kusumo, Fitranto, Sebayang, Abdi Hanra, Husin, Hazlina, Silitonga, Arridina Susan, Mahlia, Teuku Meurah Indra, and Rahman, S. M. Ashrafur
- Subjects
OIL palm ,ETHANOL as fuel ,PROCESS optimization ,MANUFACTURING processes ,ALTERNATIVE fuels - Abstract
This study aimed to observe the potential of solid bioethanol as an alternative fuel with high caloric value. The solid bioethanol was produced from liquid bioethanol, which was obtained from the synthesis of oil palm empty fruit bunches (PEFBs) through the delignification process by using organosolv pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis. Enzymatic hydrolysis was conducted using enzyme (60 FPUg
−1 of cellulose) at a variety of temperatures (35 °C, 70 °C, and 90 °C) and reaction times (2, 6, 12, 18, and 24 h) in order to obtain a high sugar yield. The highest sugars were yielded at the temperature of 90 °C for 48 h (152.51 mg/L). Furthermore, fermentation was conducted using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The bioethanol yield after fermentation was 62.29 mg/L. Bioethanol was extracted by distillation process to obtain solid bioethanol. The solid bioethanol was produced by using stearic acid as the additive. In order to get high-quality solid bioethanol, the calorific value was optimized using the response surface methodology (RSM) model. This model provided the factor variables of bioethanol concentration (vol %), stearic acid (g), and bioethanol (mL) with a minus result error. The highest calorific value was obtained with 7 g stearic acid and 5 mL bioethanol (43.17 MJ/kg). Burning time was tested to observe the quality of the solid bioethanol. The highest calorific value resulted in the longest burning time. The solid bioethanol has a potential as solid fuel due to the significantly higher calorific value compared to the liquid bioethanol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Performance and Emission Parameters of Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) Engine: A Review.
- Author
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Mofijur, M., Hasan, M.M., Mahlia, T.M.I., Rahman, S.M. Ashrafur, Silitonga, A.S., and Ong, Hwai Chyuan
- Subjects
INTERNAL combustion engines ,FUEL additives ,FUEL pumps ,EXHAUST gas recirculation ,THERMAL efficiency ,ALTERNATIVE fuels ,ENGINES ,ACTIVATION (Chemistry) - Abstract
Strict emission regulations and demand for better fuel economy are driving forces for finding advanced engines that will be able to replace the conventional internal combustion engines in the near future. Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engines use a different combustion technique; there are no spark plugs or injectors to assist the combustion. Instead, when the mixtures reach chemical activation energy, combustion auto-ignites in multiple spots. The main objective of this review paper is to study the engine performance and emission characteristics of HCCI engines operating in various conditions. Additionally, the impact of different fuels and additives on HCCI engine performance is also evaluated. The study also introduces a potential guideline to improve engine performance and emission characteristics. Compared to conventional compression ignition and spark ignition combustion methods, the HCCI combustion mode is noticeably faster and also provides better thermal efficiency. Although a wide range of fuels including alternative and renewable fuels can be used in the HCCI mode, there are some limitation/challenges, such as combustion limited operating range, phase control, high level of noise, cold start, preparation of homogeneous charge, etc. In conclusion, the HCCI combustion mode can be achieved in existing spark ignition (SI) engines with minor adjustments, and it results in lower oxides of nitrogen (NO
x ) and soot emissions, with practically a similar performance as that of SI combustion. Further improvements are required to permit extensive use of the HCCI mode in future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Techno-Economic Analysis and Physicochemical Properties of Ceiba pentandra as Second-Generation Biodiesel Based on ASTM D6751 and EN 14214.
- Author
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Jamaluddin, N.A.M., Riayatsyah, Teuku Meurah Indra, Silitonga, Arridina Susan, Mofijur, M., Shamsuddin, Abd Halim, Ong, Hwai Chyuan, Mahlia, Teuku Meurah Indra, and Rahman, S.M. Ashrafur
- Subjects
FOSSIL fuels ,SOY oil ,DIESEL fuels ,TAX exemption ,INDUSTRIAL costs ,OPERATING costs - Abstract
Processing biodiesel from non-edible sources of feedstock seems to be thriving in recent years. It also has also gathered more attention than in the past, mainly because the biodiesel product is renewable and emits lower pollution compared to fossil fuels. Researchers have started their work on various kinds of biodiesel product, especially from a non-edible feedstock. Non-edible feedstocks such as Ceiba pentandra show great potential in the production of biodiesel, especially in the Southeast Asia region because the plants seem to be abundant in that region. Ceiba pentandra, also known as the Kapok tree, produces hundreds of pods with a length of 15 cm (5.9 in) and diameter 2–5 cm (1–2 in). The pods consist of seeds and fluff in the surrounding areas inside the pod, which itself contains yellowish fibre, a mixture of cellulose and lignin. The seeds of Ceiba pentandra can be used as feedstock for biodiesel production. The study for Ceiba pentandra will involve techno-economic, as well as a sensitivity analysis. Moreover, the study also shows that the techno-economic analysis of a biodiesel processing plant for 50 ktons Ceiba pentandra with a life span of 20 years is around $701 million with 3.7 years of the payback period. Besides that, this study also shows the differences in operating cost and oil conversion yield, which has the least impact on running cost. By improving the conversion processes continuously and by increasing the operational efficiency, the cost of production will decrease. In addition, the study also explains the differences of final price biodiesel and diesel fossil fuel, both showing dissimilar scenarios subsidy and taxation. Biodiesel has a subsidy of $0.10/L and $0.18/L with a total tax exemption of 15%. The value was obtained from the latest subsidy cost and diesel in Malaysia. Finally, further research is needed in order to fully utilize the use of Ceiba pentandra as one of the non-edible sources of biodiesel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. The Performance and Exhaust Emissions of a Diesel Engine Fuelled with Calophyllum inophyllum—Palm Biodiesel.
- Author
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Damanik, Natalina, Ong, Hwai Chyuan, Mofijur, M., Tong, Chong Wen, Silitonga, Arridina Susan, Shamsuddin, Abd Halim, Sebayang, Abdi Hanra, Mahlia, Teuku Meurah Indra, Wang, Chin-Tsan, and Jang, Jer-Huan
- Subjects
DIESEL fuels ,FUEL additives ,DIESEL motor exhaust gas ,CALOPHYLLUM inophyllum ,BIODIESEL fuels ,FUEL pumps ,FATTY acid methyl esters ,ALTERNATIVE fuels - Abstract
Nowadays, increased interest among the scientific community to explore the Calophyllum inophyllum as alternative fuels for diesel engines is observed. This research is about using mixed Calophyllum inophyllum-palm oil biodiesel production and evaluation that biodiesel in a diesel engine. The Calophyllum inophyllum–palm oil methyl ester (CPME) is processed using the following procedure: (1) the crude Calophyllum inophyllum and palm oils are mixed at the same ratio of 50:50 volume %, (2) degumming, (3) acid-catalysed esterification, (4) purification, and (5) alkaline-catalysed transesterification. The results are indeed encouraging which satisfy the international standards, CPME shows the high heating value (37.9 MJ/kg) but lower kinematic viscosity (4.50 mm
2 /s) due to change the fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) composition compared to Calophyllum inophyllum methyl ester (CIME). The average results show that the blended fuels have higher Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC) and NOx emissions, lower Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE), along with CO and HC emissions than diesel fuel over the entire range of speeds. Among the blends, CPME5 offered better performance compared to other fuels. It can be recommended that the CPME blend has great potential as an alternative fuel because of its excellent characteristics, better performance, and less harmful emission than CIME blends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Phase Change Materials (PCM) for Solar Energy Usages and Storage: An Overview.
- Author
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Mofijur, M., Mahlia, Teuku Meurah Indra, Silitonga, Arridina Susan, Ong, Hwai Chyuan, Silakhori, Mahyar, Hasan, Muhammad Heikal, Putra, Nandy, and Rahman, S.M. Ashrafur
- Subjects
ENERGY consumption ,PHASE change materials ,ENERGY storage ,SOLAR thermal energy ,RENEWABLE energy sources ,SOLAR energy ,SOLAR heating - Abstract
Solar energy is a renewable energy source that can be utilized for different applications in today's world. The effective use of solar energy requires a storage medium that can facilitate the storage of excess energy, and then supply this stored energy when it is needed. An effective method of storing thermal energy from solar is through the use of phase change materials (PCMs). PCMs are isothermal in nature, and thus offer higher density energy storage and the ability to operate in a variable range of temperature conditions. This article provides a comprehensive review of the application of PCMs for solar energy use and storage such as for solar power generation, water heating systems, solar cookers, and solar dryers. This paper will benefit the researcher in conducting further research on solar power generation, water heating system, solar cookers, and solar dryers using PCMs for commercial development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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