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Psychological aspects of rehabilitation nutrition affect physical, cognitive, and social rehabilitation nutrition. When depression is recognized, not only pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy, but also non‐pharmacological therapies such as exercise, nutrition, psychosocial, and other interventions can be expected to improve depression. Therefore, accurate diagnosis and intervention without overlooking depression is important. Psychological aspects of preventive rehabilitation nutrition is also important because depression can be partially prevented by appropriate exercise and nutritional management. Even in the absence of psychological negatives, increasing more psychological positives from a positive psychology perspective can be useful for both patients and healthcare professionals. Positive rehabilitation nutrition interventions can increase more psychological positives, such as well‐being, through cognitive‐behavioral therapy and mindfulness on their own, as well as through interventions on environmental factors. Consequently, physical, cognitive, and social positives are also expected to be enhanced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a new ultra‐wideband (UWB) bandpass filter (BPF) based on QMR (quintuple‐mode resonator) loaded with quasi‐lumped elements is proposed for wide stopband application. The method of connecting five folded U‐shaped resonators with rectangular patches to construct a QMR was proposed. By adjusting the relative position of the rectangular patches, the frequency band width of the filter can be freely adjusted. Further, quasi‐lumped elements were loaded to the QMR to generate three transmission zeros to enhance stopband performance. The filter designed in this paper can independently adjust both the stopband and the passband, providing greater design flexibility. The passband of the final filter is 3.18–9.43 GHz, and the FBW (fractional relative bandwidth) is 99%. The out‐of‐band rejection is better than −15 dB in the frequency range of 9.6–28.42 GHz. The measurement results show good performance without any tuning, and are in good agreement with the simulation results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

B I Richard L.D. Morse Applied Consumer Economics Award, National Endowment for Financial Education (NEFE) Paper Award i b I Enhancing trust in the Social Security Administration i Author(s): Cliff Robb, Professor, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Marti Deliema, Assistant Professor and Gerontologist, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities; Steve Wendel, Applied Behavioral Scientist One of the insidious effects of government imposter scams is the potential erosion of trust among those who are targeted. This study analyzes how individuals targeted by government imposter scams respond to communications from the SSA and how the SSA can reinforce public trust and willingness to engage. According to a Gallup survey conducted in August 2022, about a quarter of lower-income households (annual income below $48,000) reported severe financial hardship. [Extracted from the article]

This article discusses a literature search that was conducted to identify the top 100 cited papers in cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE). CLE is a subset of lupus erythematosus characterized by autoimmune-mediated skin manifestations. The search yielded 5750 articles, and the top 100 most cited articles were categorized into basic science research, clinical research, or new treatment categories. The majority of the top cited articles were clinical research articles, indicating their impact on research and clinical practice. The findings reveal important contributions to understanding CLE's pathogenesis, epidemiology, and management, providing valuable insights for researchers, clinicians, and funders in the field of autoimmune skin disorders. [Extracted from the article]

Banks have a unique ability to hedge against market-wide liquidity shocks. Deposit inflows provide funding for loan demand shocks that follow declines in market liquidity. Consequently, banks can insure firms against systematic declines in liquidity at lower cost than other institutions. We provide evidence that when liquidity dries up and commercial paper spreads widen, banks experience funding inflows. These flows allow banks to meet loan demand from borrowers drawing funds from commercial paper backup lines without running down their holdings of liquid assets. We also provide evidence that implicit government support for banks during crises explains these funding flows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study of alternate fluids for transformer and their combination with traditional ones is an interesting area of research. The intent of this work is to investigate the thermal ageing performance of ester oils (synthetic and natural), and mixed oil vis‐à‐vis mineral oil. All the samples were thermally stressed at 110, 140, 160, and 185°C for 2 weeks each. Dissolved decay contents in oil and linear thermal expansion coefficients of solid insulation have been studied using ultraviolet visible infrared spectroscopy and dilatometry analysis, respectively, as per ASTM standards. Change in functional groups of the insulation oils with ageing have been understood by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. Additionally, diffusion of oil–moisture mixture into paper with ageing and the corresponding effect on dielectric strength of paper has been also examined using ASTM standards. It is observed that the use of synthetic ester (SE) and addition of SE to mineral insulating oil lead to improved performance of oil–paper insulation system with retarding the rate of degradation of the insulation system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polistes dominula is an invasive social wasp that preys on the grasshopper Dichroplus elongatus, which constitutes a potential agricultural pest in Northwest Patagonia. This grasshopper feeds on a wide variety of plants, the 'Dandelion' (Taraxacum officinale) being one of the main food resources. In this study, by means of a Y‐tube olfactometer, we analysed the use of olfactory cues by P. dominula in the detection of grasshoppers. Specifically, we evaluated the attractiveness of live grasshoppers, their traces (i.e. leaves with herbivory traces + prey faeces or only faeces) and herbivory‐free leaves. The results showed that foragers equally chose olfactory cues emitted by grasshoppers and leaves with herbivory traces + faeces and herbivory‐free leaves, suggesting that the leaves of the host plant also have an important role in the searching behaviour. The current research is the first to demonstrate that the invasive paper wasp orients its search towards either the presence of grasshopper prey or the volatiles of plant leaves. These findings shed new light on predator‐prey interactions mediated by olfactory cues in P. dominula, which may play a biological role as a natural controller of D. elongatus, phytophagous pest in the invaded ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Depositional Record is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper considers the problem of target tracking in complex manoeuvering scenarios with a lack of relevant prior knowledge. This is a challenge for classical model‐based manoeuvering target tracking algorithms because they rely heavily on accurate domain and prior knowledge of target motion. To address this problem, we propose a hybrid‐driven continuous‐time filter algorithm in this paper, which combines the advantages of the model‐driven and data‐driven. We use the stochastic differential equation (SDE) with the acceleration model as the basic framework of the proposed algorithm. In order to deal with unpredictable manoeuvres and unknown perturbations, we adopt neural networks as data‐driven to estimate target accelerations and compensations of composite perturbations in real time using historical and current measurements. And the direction of gradient descent of the neural network is constrained by the motion model, thus the learning efficiency of the network and the interpretability of the proposed algorithm is improved. The proposed algorithm can simultaneously utilise historical trajectory information and domain knowledge as hybrid‐driven to achieve complex manoeuvering target tracking with little prior information. Experimental results demonstrate the superiority of our algorithm in tracking accuracy, robustness and environmental adaptability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to migration, terror‐threats and the viral pandemic, various EU member states have re‐established internal border control or even closed their borders. European Association for Biometrics (EAB), a non‐profit organisation, solicited the views of its members on ways which biometric technologies and services may be used to help with re‐establishing open borders within the Schengen area while at the same time mitigating any adverse effects. From the responses received, this position paper was composed to identify ideas to re‐establish free travel between the member states in the Schengen area. The paper covers the contending needs for security, open borders and fundamental rights as well as legal constraints that any technological solution must consider. A range of specific technologies for direct biometric recognition alongside complementary measures are outlined. The interrelated issues of ethical and societal considerations are also highlighted. Provided a holistic approach is adopted, it may be possible to reach a more optimal trade‐off with regards to open borders while maintaining a high‐level of security and protection of fundamental rights. European Association for Biometrics and its members can play an important role in fostering a shared understanding of security and mobility challenges and their solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper experimentally validates a fully digitalized active gate driver for suppressing the switching surge voltage of SiC MOSFETs in a boost converter. High‐voltage power conversion systems are expected to adopt SiC unipolar power devices utilizing their high‐speed switching capability. The high‐speed switching operation causes the switching surge voltage in its switching transient. Active gate driving is a key technology for suppressing it. A fully digitalized active gate driver is particularly focused upon, which freely shaped the output gate‐source voltage waveform by a multi‐bit gate control signal. This driver achieves the dynamical control of the voltage/current behaviours of MOSFET in the switching transient by taking the Miller effect into account. It contributes to suppressing the switching surge voltage. This paper applies this digital active gate driver to a high voltage power conversion circuit. The switching surge voltage is experimentally suppressed by slew rate control with the digital active gate driver for various operating conditions. The results clarify the control strategy of the digital active gate driver for SiC MOSFET in a power conversion circuit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kirigami, the ancient art of paper cutting, has evolved into a design and fabrication framework to engineer multi‐functional materials and structures at vastly different scales. By slit cutting with carefully designed geometries, desirable mechanical behaviors—such as accurate shape morphing, tunable auxetics, super‐stretchability, buckling, and multistability—can be imparted to otherwise inflexible sheet materials. In addition, the kirigami sheet provides a versatile platform for embedding different electronic and responsive components, opening up avenues for building the next generations of metamaterials, sensors, and soft robotics. These promising potentials of kirigami‐based engineering have inspired vigorous research activities over the past few years, generating many academic publications. Therefore, this review aims to provide insights into the recent advance in this vibrant field. In particular, this paper offers the first comprehensive survey of unique mechanical properties induced by kirigami cutting, their underlying physical principles, and their corresponding applications. The synergies between design methodologies, mechanics modeling, advanced fabrication, and material science will continue to mature this promising discipline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Calls to decolonise academia are increasing, yet progress has been halting, including in academic publishing. This paper considers publishing practices and outcomes in Island Studies Journal (a diamond open access, multidisciplinary, high‐ranked journal), which has taken an explicitly decolonial editorial direction in recent years. We undertake a cross‐tabulation analysis of the 175 articles published in Island Studies Journal between January 2017 and October 2022, attending to characteristics of authors, articles, regions, branches of science, and impact. We find that coloniality and the West/non‐West divide remain prevalent in the journal, with differences in the kinds of research scholars from different regions can get published and the kinds of impact their articles make. Western scholarly norms are reproduced and enforced even in a journal that seeks to support antiracism and decolonization. We discuss the editorial tensions involved in seeking to simultaneously increase opportunities for individual intersectionally marginalized scholars while challenging colonial power structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the field of ecology evolves, analyses synthesizing trends in key topics addressed over the decades can provide historical context for the development of novel theories and methods, identify "hot topics" over time, and guide future research directions. Such syntheses in a field that aims to diversify can also help quantify efforts to increase representation and authorship by underrepresented groups in STEM. To identify hot topics in ecology, we analyzed key themes in the top‐cited ecology papers in three two‐decade timeframes spanning 1960–2019. We also analyzed authorship trends (gender identity and nationality) in the top‐cited papers. We documented a shift from descriptive studies in single biological systems in the 1960–1970, to more synthesis‐based papers and studies discussing human impacts on the environment in the 1980–1990, while the 2000s were dominated by novel quantitative and macroecological approaches. The top‐cited papers were overwhelmingly from the United States and Europe, highlighting the need to make studies from across the globe more visible and accessible in the ecological literature. Finally, we detected a trend for more papers led by women authors, but a decline in papers with women last authors, indicating a need to retain women in leadership positions. Overall, our hot topics analysis highlights the expanding breadth and quantitative nature of ecology, but illustrates barriers to diversity in the perspectives represented in the top‐cited papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a guest editorial from the journal IET Power Electronics, discussing advances in conductive and wireless powering and charging technologies for transportation applications. The editorial highlights the increasing prevalence of charging systems for electric transport, including both conductive and wireless options. The development of these technologies is not limited to the automotive field, but also extends to industrial handling, aerial, and submarine vehicles. The special issue of the journal includes nine accepted papers that focus on power electronics control and the development of innovative conversion structures for these charging technologies. The papers cover topics such as wireless systems in different media, comparative analysis of wireless technologies, design approaches for inductive WPT systems, control strategies for WPT applications, and mitigation of leakage magnetic fields. One paper also addresses conductive electric vehicle fast charging. The editorial concludes by emphasizing the relevance of electric vehicle charging and power systems in today's world and expressing gratitude to the authors and reviewers who contributed to the special issue. The biographies of the guest editors are also provided. [Extracted from the article]

Aim: To describe the non‐significant results in nurses' outcomes after the implementation of person‐centred care (PCC) and discuss if and how enablers of the WE‐CARE roadmap for implementing PCC could abate the non‐significant results. Design: In this paper, an innovative framework of enablers in the WE‐CARE Roadmap is explained in relation to increased PCC and nurses' job satisfaction. Method: Findings from a scoping review and published material provided how PCC and nurses' outcomes connect. The WE‐CARE roadmap entails five enablers: Information technology, Quality measures, Infrastructure, Incentive systems and contracting strategies. Results: The WE‐CARE roadmap was described and each enabler in the WE‐CARE roadmap is discussed concerning PCC and the nurses' job satisfaction. Thus far, the effects of PCC on nurses' outcomes have been non‐significant. The WE‐CARE roadmap enablers can be implemented to ensure an increased PCC implementation and higher nurses' job satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mission of AGU's Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems (JAMES) is to publish original research papers that advance the science underlying Earth system models and emerging from their use. JAMES' scope encompasses the outer envelope of the Earth system including the atmosphere, oceans, land surface, and cryosphere. It publishes papers that expand capabilities to model, understand, and predict the Earth system and the physical, chemical, and biological processes shaping it. In this editorial, we present general principles as well as specific notions that guide the strategy of JAMES' editors in realizing the journal's mission. This document serves as an update to Griffies et al. (2021), https://doi.org/10.1029/2021MS002567. Key Points: This Editorial presents principles that guide Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems' editors in realizing the journal's mission [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Habitat spatial structure has a profound influence on bacterial life, yet there currently are no low‐cost equipment‐free laboratory techniques to reproduce the intricate structure of natural bacterial habitats. Here, we demonstrate the use of paper scaffolds to create landscapes spatially structured at the scales relevant to bacterial ecology. In paper scaffolds, planktonic bacteria migrate through liquid‐filled pores, while the paper's cellulose fibres serve as anchor points for sessile colonies (biofilms). Using this novel approach, we explore bacterial colonisation dynamics in different landscape topographies and characterise the community composition of Escherichia coli strains undergoing centimetre‐scale range expansions in habitats structured at the micrometre scale. The bacteria‐in‐paper platform enables quantitative assessment of bacterial community dynamics in complex environments using everyday materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molecular simulation technology is a new technology emerging with the rapid development of computer technology. It has the advantages of clear microscopic models, in-depth and precise calculation etc., it has been widely used in the oil–paper insulation system of transformer in recent years. Based on the application of molecular simulation technology in the oil–paper insulation system of transformers in this study, the current research status and progress of molecular simulation in these area are elaborated in detail from the aspects of transformer insulating oil and insulating paper according to the domestic and foreign literature, and the application of molecular simulation technology in plant insulating oil and nano-modified insulating oil is emphatically analysed. The complementing research method of molecular simulation and experiment is pointed out, which provides certain reference for solving many problems existing in the field of oil–paper insulation system of transformers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lead‐free halide perovskites possess excellent photoelectric properties, making them widely used in the photoelectric fields. Herein, lead‐free double perovskite crystals (PCs) doped with manganese (Cs2NaInCl6:Mn2+) are successfully prepared by the more energy‐efficient crystallization method. The crystals emit bright orange‐red light under the ultraviolet (UV) lamp, showing unique optical properties. They have the highest photoluminescence quantum yield of 42.91%. The white light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) are fabricated using these perovskite crystals, which show a color rendering index of 92 and external quantum efficiency (EQE) as high as 16.3%. Furtherly, perovskite‐modified fiber paper made of aramid chopped fibers (ACFs) and polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) exhibited fluorescent properties under different conditions. This paper combines fiber composite technology with PPS fiber filter bags, which are widely used in environmental protection, for the first time and demonstrates functional fiber filter bags with fluorescent characteristics. This filter bag provides an idea for the automatic detection of industrial filtration. Meanwhile, after being exposed to industrial waste gas for 60 h, the filter bag can maintain superior fluorescence performance. In this study, lead‐free double perovskites are synthesized using an efficient method for preparing high‐performance LEDs and high‐stability fluorescent fibers. Concurrently, the application of perovskites in environmental protection is expanded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Capacitive high‐voltage bushing is one of the typical oil‐immersed paper insulation equipment, which is an indispensable external connection component for power transformers. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of frequency domain spectroscopy (FDS) for diagnosing moisture content of oil‐immersed paper insulation bushing, this article studied the frequency‐domain dielectric characteristics of oil‐immersed paper insulation samples and field bushing. At the same time, the basic principle of interfacial polarisation is used to analyse the samples and field bushing with non‐uniform moisture content. The results show that the moisture content affects the whole frequency band of the FDS curve. When the distribution of moisture content is non‐uniform, the paper with high moisture content has a great influence on the whole FDS curve of oil‐immersed paper insulation. In addition, the FDS curves will show a significant loss peak. The frequency of the peak point gradually moves towards the high frequency as the non‐uniformity of the moisture content distribution increases. The experimental results show that the variation law of oil‐immersed paper insulation can be used to quantitatively evaluate the moisture content and moisture type of oil–paper insulation power equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the problem of the hierarchical multi‐label classification of research papers, which is the task of assigning the set of relevant labels for a paper from a hierarchy, using reduced amounts of labelled training data. Specifically, we study leveraging unlabelled data, which are usually plentiful and easy to collect, in addition to the few available labelled ones in a semi‐supervised learning framework for achieving better performance results. Thus, in this paper, we propose a semi‐supervised approach for the hierarchical multi‐label classification task of research papers based on the well‐known Co‐training algorithm, which exploit content and bibliographic coupling information as two distinct papers' views. In our approach, two hierarchical multi‐label classifiers, are learnt on different views of the labelled data, and iteratively select their most confident unlabelled samples, which are further added to the labelled set. The success of our suggested Co‐training‐based approach lies in two main components. The first is the use of two suggested selection criteria (i.e., Maximum Agreement and Labels Cardinality Consistency) that enforce selecting confident unlabelled samples. The second is the appliance of an oversampling method that rebalances the labels distribution of the initial labelled set, which reduces the reinforcement of the label imbalance issue during the Co‐training learning. The proposed approach is evaluated using a collection of scientific papers extracted from the ACM digital library. Performed experiments show the effectiveness of our approach with regards to several baseline methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nomex insulation paper has been widely used in mining dry type transformer insulation because of its excellent performance. However, the injection of space charge can affect the electrical properties of the Nomex paper and accelerate the ageing process of the insulation system, which causes the insulation system failure or even breakdown. Therefore, it is of great practical value to study the space charge characteristics of Nomex insulation paper in different hygrothermal ageing conditions. The accelerated hygrothermal ageing tests of Nomex insulation specimens with different initial moisture contents were conducted. The space charge distribution of specimens impregnated by varnish were measured by the pulsed electro‐acoustic method at different ageing stages. Simultaneously, the space charge characteristics during polarising and depolarising phases were deeply analysed. Experimental results show that negative charges accumulate between the varnish‐paper interface in specimens near the anode. The number of negative charges gradually decreases with the increase of ageing degree. Under the influence of humidity, Nomex paper can be hydrolysed, which increases the trap density and trap level. Finally, a large amount of positive and negative charges in aged specimens would result in the distortion of the local electric field, which could decrease the breakdown strength of Nomex insulation specimens and be a threat to transformer insulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Students and junior researchers are important stakeholders in scholarly publishing, but there is relatively little research into their reading needs and barriers. This study hoped to understand the similarities and differences between junior researchers and students, between this group and more senior researchers and between different disciplines. The research comprised two parts: initial interviews to ascertain the main barrier and needs items, followed by a large‐scale online survey. The survey received 673 responses from Chinese students and junior researchers. The survey revealed that poor presentation leading to poor understanding was a common barrier, but there were disciplinary differences, with humanities scholars having fewer barriers than other disciplines. Postgraduates reported more barriers than undergraduates, and also scored information needs more highly. The results identify needed improvements in the presentation of articles and explanation of terminology in order to better engage with students and junior researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this future directions in finance article, I discuss several topics that I believe are promising areas for research. The topics fall into three areas: the microstructure of fixed income markets, equity market microstructure, and short selling. Both theoretical and empirical work is needed in these areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silver‐zinc (Ag–Zn) batteries are a promising battery system for flexible electronics owing to their high safety, high energy density, and stable output voltage. However, poor cycling performance, low areal capacity, and inferior flexibility limit the practical application of Ag–Zn batteries. Herein, we develop a flexible quasi‐solid‐state Ag–Zn battery system with superior performance by using mild electrolyte and binder‐free electrodes. Copper foam current collector is introduced to impede the growth of Zn dendrite, and the structure of Ag cathode is engineered by electrodeposition and chloridization process to improve the areal capacity. This novel battery demonstrates a remarkable cycle retention of 90% for 200 cycles at 3 mA cm−2. More importantly, this binder‐free battery can afford a high capacity of 3.5 mAh cm−2 at 3 mA cm−2, an outstanding power density of 2.42 mW cm−2, and a maximum energy density of 3.4 mWh cm−2. An energy management circuit is adopted to boost the output voltage of a single battery, which can power electronic ink display and Bluetooth temperature and humidity sensor. The developed battery can even operate under the extreme conditions, such as being bent and sealed in solid ice. This work offers a path for designing electrodes and electrolyte toward high‐performance flexible Ag–Zn batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Despite the ever‐increasing demand for transparent power sources in wireless optoelectronics, most of them have still relied on synthetic chemicals, thus limiting their versatile applications. Here, a class of transparent nanocellulose paper microsupercapacitors (TNP‐MSCs) as a beyond‐synthetic‐material strategy is demonstrated. Onto semi‐interpenetrating polymer network‐structured, thiol‐modified transparent nanocellulose paper, a thin layer of silver nanowire and a conducting polymer (chosen as a pseudocapacitive electrode material) are consecutively introduced through microscale‐patterned masks (which are fabricated by electrohydrodynamic jet printing) to produce a transparent conductive electrode (TNP‐TCE) with planar interdigitated structure. This TNP‐TCE, in combination with solid‐state gel electrolytes, enables on‐demand (in‐series/in‐parallel) cell configurations in a single body of TNP‐MSC. Driven by this structural uniqueness and scalable microfabrication, the TNP‐MSC exhibits improvements in optical transparency (T = 85%), areal capacitance (0.24 mF cm−2), controllable voltage (7.2 V per cell), and mechanical flexibility (origami airplane), which exceed those of previously reported transparent MSCs based on synthetic chemicals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developmental pharmacology describes the impact of maturation on drug disposition (pharmacokinetics, PK) and drug effects (pharmacodynamics, PD) throughout the paediatric age range. This paper, written by a multidisciplinary group of experts, summarizes current knowledge, and provides suggestions to pharmaceutical companies, regulatory agencies and academicians on how to incorporate the latest knowledge regarding developmental pharmacology and innovative techniques into neonatal and paediatric drug development. Biological aspects of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion throughout development are summarized. Although this area made enormous progress during the last two decades, remaining knowledge gaps were identified. Minimal risk and burden designs allow for optimally informative but minimally invasive PK sampling, while concomitant profiling of drug metabolites may provide additional insight in the unique PK behaviour in children. Furthermore, developmental PD needs to be considered during drug development, which is illustrated by disease‐ and/or target organ‐specific examples. Identifying and testing PD targets and effects in special populations, and application of age‐ and/or population‐specific assessment tools are discussed. Drug development plans also need to incorporate innovative techniques such as preclinical models to study therapeutic strategies, and shift from sequential enrolment of subgroups, to more rational designs. To stimulate appropriate research plans, illustrations of specific PK/PD‐related as well as drug safety‐related challenges during drug development are provided. The suggestions made in this joint paper of the Innovative Medicines Initiative conect4children Expert group on Developmental Pharmacology and the European Society for Developmental, Perinatal and Paediatric Pharmacology, should facilitate all those involved in drug development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objectives of this study were to examine how to recycle cup waste efficiently and effectively and to determine if cup waste can be converted into liquid, solid, and gas value‐added products by slow pyrolysis. The characteristics and potential utilizations of the pyrolysis products were investigated. The study included the effects of temperature, heating rate, and different feedstocks. The yield of pyrolysis oil derived from cup waste increased from 42% at 400°C to 47% at 600°C, while the yield of char decreased from 26% at 400°C to approximately 20% at 600°C. Acetic acid and levoglucosan were identified as the main components of the pyrolysis oil. The char obtained at 500°C was physically activated at 900°C for 3 h with CO2. The adsorption capacity of the activated char was investigated with model compounds, such as methyl orange, methylene blue, ibuprofen, and acetaminophen. The results showed that the adsorption capacity of the activated char was similar to that of commercial activated carbon produced from peat. The higher heating value of the produced gas stream calculated at 400°C was 19.59 MJ/Nm3. Also, conventional slow pyrolysis (CSP) and microwave‐assisted pyrolysis (MAP) technologies were compared to determine the differences in terms of products yields, composition and characteristics of the pyrolysis oil, and their potential applications. The CSP yields higher liquid products than MAP. Also, the pyrolysis oil obtained from the CSP had significantly more levoglucosan and acetic acid compared to that of the MAP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efficient and durable catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are of great importance for energy storage and conversion devices. However, an objective evaluation and fair comparison of different catalysts remain challenging due to the different catalyst loadings and substrates for OER measurements. In this work, we investigated NiFe layer double hydroxide and commercial Ni/NiO catalysts with different loadings and substrates of glassy carbon (GC), porous nickel foam (NF), and carbon paper (CP). The activity, cycling stability, and potentiostatic stability of the catalysts are compared with respect to the loading and substrate. Catalyst loading exhibits a volcano trend with OER activity, while it has little impact on stability. The 3D substrates NF and CP significantly improved the OER activity of the catalysts compared to GC, especially at higher loadings. The consistent degradation trend of the catalysts confirms the validity of using NF or CP as substrates for the stability test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arc discharge in the power transformer can bring enormous economic losses and safety risks. The transformer protection system for arc discharge faults is still not ideal. The physical characteristics of the whole process from partial discharge defects transition to arc faults are not fully recognized, mainly because it is difficult to establish and sense the relevant characteristic parameters. This paper built a research platform for studying the transition process from partial discharge to early arc discharge based on fibre‐optic ultrasonic, temperature, pressure sensors with traditional electrical voltage and current sensors. Five discharge models are designed and the changing pattern of multiple parameters in the transition process of different models is studied. The experiment results show that the amplitude and frequency of acoustic waves drop significantly after the arc breakdown. Ultrasonic and high‐frequency current sensing in the early warning of arc fault each has its own limitations. The pressure caused by the arc is not only related to the arc energy but also related to the discharge types. The overall oil temperature change after the early arc discharge is small and hard to detect. This work highlights the promise of using fibre‐optic sensors for physical process research within a harsh electromagnetic environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Understanding the impact of orthopaedic scientific research is vital in identifying facilitators and barriers to its implementation in clinical practice. A meta‐analysis was carried out which showed that presoaking hamstring (HT) autografts in vancomycin was associated with a 10‐fold reduction in infection rate in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Our aim was to determine the practice of orthopaedic surgeons with regards to vancomycin presoaking and explore whether they would adopt the findings of this meta‐analysis. Methods: A paper questionnaire survey was administered to attendees of an annual EFORT podium presentation of the meta‐analysis findings. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the characteristics of respondents and their responses. Results: A total of 29 senior surgeons/subspecialists performing a median of 40 ACL reconstructions per year completed the survey of whom 7 (24.1%) had encountered an ACL graft infection in the previous 2 years and 14 (48.3%) in the previous 5 years. Only 3 (10.3%) presoaked the ACL graft with an antibiotic. About 1/4 of those who up to then did not pre‐soak the graft (6/26, 23.1%) would consider changing their practice to pre‐soaking with vancomycin, with similar findings (5/20, 25.0%) in those that used a HT autograft as their first choice. Conclusions: Orthopaedic surgeons are receptive to the findings of a meta‐analysis reporting on the effectiveness of vancomycin graft presoaking in ACL reconstruction, which can thus have a substantial impact upon clinical care. Addressing concerns about vancomycin induced graft toxicity and comparing the pre‐soaking effect to that of specific intravenous antibiotic regimens may further enhance the uptake of this practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molecular evolution—including the neutral theory of molecular evolution—is a major sub‐discipline of evolution and is widely taught in undergraduate evolution courses. However, despite its ubiquity, there have not been any previous attempts to compile and review the molecular evolution education literature. Here, we draw upon the framework proposed in a past literature review examining the broader evolution education landscape to conduct a literature review of papers related to molecular evolution education, classifying the contributions of such papers to evolution pedagogy as well as evolution education research. We find that there remains very limited coverage of molecular evolution in the education literature, with existing papers focusing primarily on providing new instructional modules and strategies for teaching molecular evolution. Our work suggests several areas of critical need as well as opportunities to advance evolution education and evolution education research, including compiling instructional goals for the sub‐discipline, developing validated assessments, and investigating student thinking related to molecular evolution. We conclude by providing general strategies, advice, and a novel curricular activity for teaching molecular evolution and the neutral theory of molecular evolution. Molecular evolution is a major sub‐discipline of evolutionary biology and is commonly taught in undergraduate evolution courses. However, despite its ubiquity, there have not been any prior attempts to compile, synthesize, and review the education literature relating to molecular evolution. Here, we provide a literature review on this important field, applying a framework to categorize the available papers in molecular evolution education by their aims and scope, and provide a novel activity and advice for teaching molecular evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, fabrication of frequency selective surface filters by coating paper with silver ink and subsequent laser etching the frequency filter pattern has been investigated. Three filter structures consisting of a combination of square and ring patches operating at 102, 113, and 126 GHz and with corresponding signal attenuation of −15.2, −15.4, and −14.5 dB were fabricated and simulated; −5 dB bandwidths were following, 93.3–112.2 GHz, 101.9–121.1 GHz, and 112.7–132.3, respectively. Also, the proposed screen printing with assistive laser etching could be used to reduce the number of used screens. Furthermore, paper based fabrication using a biodegradable ink could be an alternative fabrication process in future electronic manufacturing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to evaluate the physical characteristics of the biomass crop Erianthus arundinaceus as a bedding material for broiler and to compare it with existing bedding materials. Three physical characteristics were evaluated: the water absorbability, the water‐holding capacity, and the cushioning property. E. arundinaceus, shredded to five different particle sizes, was compared with sawdust, which is a typical bedding material used worldwide, and three alternatives: recycled paper, rice husks, and bagasse. E. arundinaceus absorbed water 5.0 to 10.2 times its weight, and water absorbability increased with decreasing particle size. E. arundinaceus held water around twice its weight regardless of the particle size. The cushioning property of E. arundinaceus tended to improve with increasing particle size. For each physical property, the total average value of the E. arundinaceus samples was compared with the values of other bedding materials. The water absorbability of E. arundinaceus was significantly higher than that of sawdust, recycled paper, and rice husks (p <.01). The water‐holding capacity of E. arundinaceus was significantly higher than those of sawdust, recycled paper, rice husks (p <.01), and bagasse (p <.05). The cushioning property of E. arundinaceus was significantly higher than those of sawdust and recycled paper (p <.01). When E. arundinaceus had an average particle size of less than 2.33 mm, it exceeded sawdust in all physical characteristics, suggesting that E. arundinaceus could replace sawdust as a favored bedding material. Our observations of surface structures revealed that the stem pith of E. arundinaceus has a spongy structure, which may contribute to its high water absorbability and water‐holding capacity. Moreover, the outermost layer of the E. arundinaceus stem appears to function like a leaf spring, contributing to the high cushioning property. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While researchers with retracted papers – publications that are withdrawn because of significant errors or scientific misconduct – carry a permanent stain on their publishing records, understanding the causes and initiators of such retractions can shed a different light on the matter. This paper, based on a random sample of 2,046 retracted papers, which were published between 1975 and 2019, extracted from Retraction Watch and the websites of major publishers, shows that 53% of the retraction notices do not specify who initiated the retraction. Nearly 10% of the retraction notes either omit or do not contain information related to reasons for retractions. Furthermore, most of the retracted papers in our sample have no limitation section; those who do are commonly unhelpful or irrelevant. The results carry three implications for scientific transparency: retraction notices need to be more informative; limitation sections ought to be a required and even an open section of all published articles; and finally, promoting 'heroic acts' in science can positively change the current publishing culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A facile and scalable method for the preparation of low‐density SiC foam from tissue paper and silicon powder is reported. The co‐dispersion of pulp‐containing tissue paper micro‐ribbons and silicon powder is coagulated by adjusting the pH to 3.5. The silicon particles adhere to the tissue paper micro‐ribbons during the coagulation. The coagulated co‐dispersion on filter‐pressing consolidates the silicon particle‐decorated tissue paper micro‐ribbons and orients them perpendicular to the filter‐pressing direction. The filter‐pressed body on drying followed by heat treatment at 1600°C in inert atmosphere produces SiC foam. The tissue paper micro‐ribbons retain their morphology during carbonization as well as high‐temperature reaction with the silicon. The enormous growth of carbon‐rich SiC nanowires is observed on the SiC micro‐ribbons. The random orientation of SiC micro‐ribbons in the X‐Y plane with the hairy nanowires on the surface and their stacking in the Z‐direction produces a porosity of ~94 vol.% with pore sizes in the range of 0.08 to 20 µm. The SiC foam shows a compressive strength and Young's modulus of 0.22 and 5.5 MPa, respectively. The thermal conductivity decreases from 0.11 to 0.07 W m−1 K−1 when temperature increases from 25°C to 350°C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The service life of a transformer depends on the ageing degree of the internal oil–paper insulation. In order to reliably predict the remaining service life of oil–paper insulation for a single transformer, this study proposes a method based on monitoring the performance degradation data of oil–paper insulation. In this study, the remaining life prediction model of oil–paper insulation is established according to the Wiener stochastic process. The parameters of the model are iteratively updated by using the Bayesian rule and maximum expectation algorithm. The objective of remaining service life prediction of transformer oil–paper insulation is achieved. In the laboratory, multiple groups of oil–paper insulation samples undergo an ageing test at 130°C. Certain amount of performance degradation data is obtained by continuously monitoring the oil–paper insulation. Along with the prediction method of remaining life, the accuracy of the remaining life prediction of transformer oil–impregnated paper is verified when the model parameters are updated. This is a significant guiding factor for predicting the remaining life through the performance degradation data of the continuously operating transformer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ambient temperature has significant influence on properties of oil–paper insulation, which makes surface discharge process complex. This paper aims at revealing the influence mechanism of ambient temperature on surface charge and discharge behaviours under DC voltage. The oil–paper with thickness of 0.08 mm was used and the ambient temperature varies from 20 to 80°C in this paper. The results of surface potential decay (SPD) experiments show that the initial surface potential declines and the process of SPD is accelerated with increasing temperature because of higher carrier mobility. Additionally, both shallow and deep trap energy level become deeper, the shallow trap density is enlarged while the deep trap density is shrunken at higher temperature. The surface discharge tests were performed and Weibull results indicate that it is prone to occurring surface discharge at higher ambient temperature. The possibility of surface discharge under negative voltage is larger than that under positive voltage because of polarity effect. It is concluded that more carriers escape from deep traps to participate in the procedure of surface discharge at higher temperature, which declines the surface discharge voltage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tuning of hole transport and optical properties were accomplished in polyaniline incorporated flexible paper during vapor phase polymerization process. Vapor phase polymerization of aniline using FeCl3 as polymerizing agent was done in a reaction chamber, where the concentration of FeCl3 on paper played the key role in tuning its properties. The energy band gap and electrical conductivity of the polyaniline incorporated paper have been tuned effectively during the polymerization process. The band gap changes from 2.45 eV to 2.65 eV, when the electrical sheet resistance varied from 1.0 ×105 Ω/◻ to 4.33 ×107 Ω/◻ in response to the different FeCl3 concentration. The electrical sheet resistance can be tuned within a range of two order of its value. Polymer‐based electronic materials with outstanding electrical conductivity due to their delocalized molecular orbitals are of great interest in the recent development of materials chemistry and physics. Paper being a flexible substrate and incorporated with a hole transporting medium like polyaniline in its emeraldine base form will find its significant role in designing flexible electronic devices. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 58:2249–2255, 2018. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Older people are often affected by impaired organ and bodily functions resulting in multimorbidity and polypharmacy, turning them into the main user group of many medicines. Very often, medicines have not specifically been developed for older people, causing practical medication problems for them like limited availability of easy to swallow formulations, easy to open packaging and dosing instructions for enteral administration. In 2020, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) published a reflection paper 'Pharmaceutical development of medicines for use in the older population', which discusses how the emerging needs of an ageing European population can be addressed by medicines regulation. The paper intends to help industry to better consider the needs of older people during pharmaceutical/clinical medicines development by summarising data on the most relevant topics, providing early suggestions on how to move forward and prompting expert discussions and studies into knowledge gaps. Topics include patient acceptability, (dis)advantages of an administration route, formulation, dosage form, packaging, dosing device and user instruction. While the paper is directed at older people and the pharmaceutical industry, the reflections are also relevant to younger patients with similar disease‐related needs and of value to other stakeholders parties, e.g., healthcare professionals, academics, patients and caregivers, as the paper makes clear what can be expected from industry and where collaborative work is needed. This commentary provides an overview of the different steps in the development of the reflection paper, discusses points considered most controversial and/or subject to (multidisciplinary) expert discussions and indicates their value for real world clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]