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Objective: To investigate the relationship between serum Klotho protein, visinin-like protein 1 (VILIP-1), high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) and cognitive function and prognosis in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods: 136 patients with AD who received treatment in our hospital from April 2019 to May 2021 were selected as the AD group, and another 150 healthy volunteers who underwent physical examination in our hospital during the same period were selected as the control group. The expression levels of serum Klotho protein, VILIP-1 and HMGB1 in the two groups were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The cognitive function in the two groups was assessed by the Mini-Mental State Examination Scale (MMSE), and the relationship between the above three indicators and MMSE score was analyzed by Pearson correlation. The patients with AD were divided into good prognosis group (n=74) and poor prognosis group (n=62) according to the prognosis at 1 year after treatment. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression were used to analyze the risk factors of poor prognosis in patients with AD. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the predictive efficacy of combined detection of serum Klotho protein, VILIP-1 and HMGB1 in patients with AD. Results: MMSE score and serum Klotho protein level in the AD group were significantly lower than those in the control group, while serum VILIP-1 and HMGB1 levels were significantly higher than those in the control group (all P<0.05). Pearson correlation results showed that serum Klotho protein level was significantly positively correlated with MMSE score (P<0.05), while serum VILIP-1 and HMGB1 levels were significantly negatively correlated with MMSE score (all p<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that increased serum VILIP-1 and HMGB1 levels were independent risk factors for poor prognosis in patients with AD, while increased serum Klotho protein level was a protective factor (P<0.05). ROC curve showed that the area under the curve of Klotho protein, VILIP-1 and HMGB1 in the combined detection of patients with AD was 0.839, the sensitivity was 80.65%, and the specificity was 83.78%. Conclusion: The serum Klotho protein, VILIP-1 and HMGB1 expression levels are strongly correlated with the cognitive function and prognosis of patients with AD, and the above three indicators can be used to assist the prognosis assessment of patients with AD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Synaptic loss and dysfunction are one of the earliest signs of neurodegeneration associated with cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases. This study aimed to assess the relationships between biological processes of the synaptic pathology underlying AD, molecular functions, and dynamics of the change concentrations of selected proteins reflecting synaptic and axonal pathology in dementia stages. Neurogranin (Ng), neuronal pentraxin receptor (NPTXR), and Visinin-like protein 1 (VILIP1) concentrations were measured in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of MCI, AD, and non-demented controls (CTRL) using quantitative immunological methods. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis was used for the functional analysis of tested proteins. The CSF Aβ42/Ng ratio was significantly different between all the compared groups. The CSF NPTXR/Ng ratio was significantly different between MCI compared to CTRL and AD compared to CTRL. The GO enrichment analysis revealed that two terms (the Biological Process (BP) and Cellular Component (CC) levels) are significantly enriched for NPTXR and Ng but not for VILIP1. Both Ng and NPTXR concentrations in CSF are promising synaptic dysfunction biomarkers for the early diagnosis of the disease. Moreover, both proteins are biochemically associated with classical biomarkers and VILIP-1. Mapping shared molecular and biological functions for the tested proteins by GO enrichment analysis may be beneficial in screening and setting new research targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Serum visinin-like protein-1 levels are assumed to assess illness severity of ICH. • Serum visinin-like protein-1 may serve as a valuable prognostic biomarker of ICH. • Serum visinin-like protein-1 levels exhibit a high prognostic predictive ability for ICH. Visinin-like protein 1 (VILIP-1) appears as a biomarker of neuronal injury. We investigated the correlation of serum VILIP-1 concentrations with severity, early neurologic deterioration (END) and functional outcome of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). In this prospective and observational study, serum VILIP-1 concentrations were quantified in 106 patients with basal ganglia hemorrhage. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to analyze the relationship between serum VILIP-1 concentrations and END plus worse prognosis (modified Rankin Scale score of 3 or greater) at post-injury 3 months. Serum VILIP-1 concentrations of patients were closely correlated with hematoma volume and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score. Serum VILIP-1 concentrations were substantially elevated in patients with END or worse 3-month prognosis, as compared to other remainders. Also, serum VILIP-1 concentrations were independently associated with END and worse 3-month prognosis. Under ROC curve analysis, serum VILIP-1 concentrations exhibited marked accuracy for distinguishing patients with the development of END or worse 3-month prognosis. Its predictive ability was in the range of hematoma volume and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score. Serum VILIP-1 may be a good biomarker for assessing hemorrhagic severity and clinical outcomes after ICH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The correlations between pathology of neurodegenerative diseases, especially Alzheimer's disease (AD), and concentrations of neuronal calcium sensor proteins, such as visinin-like protein 1 (VILIP-1), in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) have been discussed in the literature but its utility as biomarker of AD in comparison with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has not been studied yet. Objective: Therefore, the aim of our study was to assess the clinical utility of the measurement of CSF concentrations of VILIP-1 in patients with AD, MCI subjects, and non-demented controls. The clinical and neuropsychological diagnoses were supported by CSF biomarkers of neurochemical dementia diagnostics: decreased concentrations of Aβ1-42 and/or Aβ42/40 ratio and increased concentrations of Tau and pTau181 proteins. Methods: The study included 33 AD patients, 15 subjects with MCI, and 18 elderly individuals without cognitive deficits. The CSF concentrations of biomarkers tested were determined by using the ELISA method. Results: Concentrations of VILIP-1 in CSF were significantly higher in AD patients compared to the MCI subjects and elderly individuals without cognitive impairment. Increased concentrations of VILIP-1 correlated significantly with reduced Aβ42/40 ratio and higher pTau181 in AD group. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that VILIP-1 may play a role in the AD pathophysiology and is a good candidate for dynamic biomarker of AD, although this issue requires further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]