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AbstractPark and protected area agencies are increasingly enacting a “culture of collaboration” – or viewing relationships (with agencies, nonprofits, educational institutions, etc.) as the routine approach to meeting immediate needs and longer-term goals (e.g., relevance, stewardship). Trust is fundamental to developing a culture of collaboration. We examine potential components of trust in a culture of collaboration in National Park Service (NPS)-identified urban relationships promoting relevance with stakeholders. Specifically, we detail three-actor relationships and network-wide structures using a quantitative Exponential Random Graph Model analysis. Networks in Detroit, Tucson, and Boston exhibit potential transitions toward a culture of collaboration, perhaps spurred by the NPS’ Urban Agenda efforts. These relate to the development of trust, the NPS positionality as supportive rather than core in the networks, and the large potential for increasing reciprocity (which decreases network hierarchy). These structures highlight where Urban Agenda relationship-building processes may aid in developing collaborative cultures across settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is caused by a deficiency of the ubiquitously expressed survival motor neuron (SMN) protein. The main pathological hallmark of SMA is the degeneration of lower motor neurons (MNs) with subsequent denervation and atrophy of skeletal muscle. However, increasing evidence indicates that low SMN levels not only are detrimental to the central nervous system (CNS) but also directly affect other peripheral tissues and organs, including skeletal muscle. To better understand the potential primary impact of SMN deficiency in muscle, we explored the cellular, ultrastructural, and molecular basis of SMA myopathy in the SMNΔ7 mouse model of severe SMA at an early postnatal period (P0-7) prior to muscle denervation and MN loss (preneurodegenerative [PND] stage). This period contrasts with the neurodegenerative (ND) stage (P8-14), in which MN loss and muscle atrophy occur. At the PND stage, we found that SMN∆7 mice displayed early signs of motor dysfunction with overt myofiber alterations in the absence of atrophy. We provide essential new ultrastructural data on focal and segmental lesions in the myofibrillar contractile apparatus. These lesions were observed in association with specific myonuclear domains and included abnormal accumulations of actin-thin myofilaments, sarcomere disruption, and the formation of minisarcomeres. The sarcoplasmic reticulum and triads also exhibited ultrastructural alterations, suggesting decoupling during the excitation–contraction process. Finally, changes in intermyofibrillar mitochondrial organization and dynamics, indicative of mitochondrial biogenesis overactivation, were also found. Overall, our results demonstrated that SMN deficiency induces early and MN loss-independent alterations in myofibers that essentially contribute to SMA myopathy. This strongly supports the growing body of evidence indicating the existence of intrinsic alterations in the skeletal muscle in SMA and further reinforces the relevance of this peripheral tissue as a key therapeutic target for the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogen is troublesome in any periodic table classification. This being so it may as well be placed in a position that confers desirable attributes to the arrangement of the elements, while notionally recognising its lineage to the group 1 alkali metals and the group 17 halogens. Since the noble gases bridge the halogens and the alkali metals, and hydrogen encompasses the transition from the alkali metals to the halogens, there is more to the idea of hydrogen over helium. Hydrogen...seems to claim an exceptional position (Meyer 1870, p. 357) The real voyage of discovery consists not in seeking new lands but in seeing with new eyes (Proust 1927, p. 559) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Partner choice promotes competition among individuals to be selected as a cooperative partner, a phenomenon referred to as competitive altruism. We explored whether chimpanzees engage in competitive altruism in a triadic Ultimatum Game where two proposers can send offers simultaneously or consecutively to a responder who can only accept one of the two competing offers. In a dyadic control condition only one proposer at a time could send an offer to the responder. Chimpanzees increased their offers across trials in the competitive triadic, but not in the dyadic control condition. Chimpanzees also increased their offers after being rejected in previous triadic trials. Furthermore, we found that chimpanzees, under specific conditions, outcompete first proposers in triadic consecutive trials before the responder could choose which offer to accept by offering more than what is expected if they acted randomly or simply offered the smallest possible amount. These results suggest that competitive altruism in chimpanzees did not emerge just as a by-product of them trying to increase over previous losses. Chimpanzees might consider how others' interactions affect their outcomes and engage in strategies to maximize their chances of being selected as cooperative partners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paid employment in the criminal economy is, in many ways, the essence of precarious labour yet to date criminological work on the so-called 'gig economy' is scarce. Here we apply emergent sociological literature on 'post-Fordist' working cultures to precarious youth employment in Hong Kong, arguing: (1) recent reorganizations of labour markets towards flexible entrepreneurship are mirrored in the illicit economy; (2) a shift in structural features of triad gangs has led to a parallel form of 'network sociality'; and (3) triad-affiliated youth remained rooted in place-based 'communities of practice' that form a point of difference from existing theory. In concluding, we reflect on the implications of these arguments for the study of illicit economies, triads and post-Fordist working cultures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapport plays a key role in small group interaction, yet there remain gaps in understanding the construct. The current study examined whether initial group rapport among triads of strangers could predict later social bonding and group emotion. Results indicated that initial group rapport reliably predicted subsequent social bonding and emotional experience across multiple measures. These findings support use of global thin slice rapport measures in small groups. Further, they suggest that rapport can be assessed reliably within the first minute of meeting and that ratings of group experience in just this first minute offer valuable insight into subsequent group formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Android is now one of the most popular operating systems in the world because of its open source character, so the threshold for hackers to make malware has also become lower, and more and more malware has started to threaten people's lives. Graphs are used to represent the program's syntactic and semantic structure, and can naturally represent malicious behavior, so we propose a malware detection method named SFCGDroid, which based on sensitive function call graph, so we propose a malware detection method named SFCGDroid, which based on sensitive function call graph. We first decompile the Android application to generate a function call graph (FCG), and extract the sensitive function call graph (SFCG) on the FCG. Secondly, we extract two class features (1) use the Skip-gram model to obtain function embeddings, and (2) treat the SFCG as a social network and extract the triads attribute of the sensitive API. The two types of features are combined as a feature representation of the SFCG and fed into a graph convolutional network (GCN) for malware detection. For experiments on 26,939 Android software datasets, SFCGDroid in this paper can achieve 98.22% accuracy and 98.20% F1 score. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phenomenology is the unity of principles and methods employed for investigating the essence of things. The present paper is a brief review of the series of publications that these authors carried out over the past decade. The general thrust of these publications consists in the idea that phenomenological ideas of physics are used to analyze earthquakes. One conspicuous example of a phenomenological theory is thermodynamics. Maxwell's electrodynamics is also a perfect example of a phenomenological theory. The phenomenology of earthquakes is still far from reaching that high level of excellence. A look at the rational knowledge of geodynamics shows that we have so far reached a preliminary stage where we are aware of the subject-matter, methods, and problems faced by the future phenomenological theory of earthquakes. Nevertheless, we already clearly see that our approach to the construction of such a theory has promise. We are using concrete examples to show that phenomenological concepts of general physics are helpful in the search for the principles of the theory, in the processing and analysis of concrete manifestations of seismicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article leverages the theme of friendship in Oliver O'Donovan's Entering into Rest as a locus of comparison between his earlier Resurrection and Moral Order and the Ethics as Theology trilogy. It does so by using demonstrable methodological differences between the two moral-theological projects to illumine a fundamental theological coherence. The article pursues this task in five sections. The first expounds O'Donovan's reflection on friendship in Entering into Rest. The second articulates the triadic approach adopted in these reflections. The third examines a similar triad articulated by O'Donovan in Resurrection and Moral Order. The fourth uses this triadic connection to demonstrate theological coherence between Resurrection and Moral Order and the Ethics as Theology trilogy. The fifth concludes by raising a critical query about the arbitrariness of the triadic methodology employed by O'Donovan. The article's conclusion considers more generally—in light of O'Donovan's pursuit of ethics as theology—the inherent contingency and incompleteness of theological ethics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: sFLT-1 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of HDP. We aimed to examine the role of maternal and fetal polymorphisms in risk of HDP and severe-spectrum disease.Cases of HDP (143) and controls (169) from mother-baby dyads were recruited at the Los Angeles County Women’s and Children’s Hospital (WCH). Cases of severe disease (99) and controls (31) from mother-father-baby triads were recruited through HELLP syndrome websites. Four sFLT-1 SNPs (rs7993594, rs3751395, rs7983774, and rs664393) were genotyped. Data was analyzed using a log-linear regression model in the Haplin package in R.Maternal double dose of the A allele (rs7993594) exhibited a nominally significant increased risk of HDP (RR = 3.52, 95% CI 1.08, 11.20). In the severe-spectrum cohort, a marginally significant protective effect among mothers carrying infants with a single dose of the A allele (rs7993594) was observed (RR = 0.59, 95% CI 0.36, 0.98) and double-dose maternal carriage of the G-t-G-G haplotype increased risk of severe disease (RR = 4.13, 95% CI 1.22, 13.80).The maternal rs7993594 A allele appears to be associated with increased risk of HDP. Double-dose maternal carriage of the G-t-G-G haplotype increased risk of severe disease whereas the fetal rs7983774 A allele appears to be associated with decreased risk.Methods: sFLT-1 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of HDP. We aimed to examine the role of maternal and fetal polymorphisms in risk of HDP and severe-spectrum disease.Cases of HDP (143) and controls (169) from mother-baby dyads were recruited at the Los Angeles County Women’s and Children’s Hospital (WCH). Cases of severe disease (99) and controls (31) from mother-father-baby triads were recruited through HELLP syndrome websites. Four sFLT-1 SNPs (rs7993594, rs3751395, rs7983774, and rs664393) were genotyped. Data was analyzed using a log-linear regression model in the Haplin package in R.Maternal double dose of the A allele (rs7993594) exhibited a nominally significant increased risk of HDP (RR = 3.52, 95% CI 1.08, 11.20). In the severe-spectrum cohort, a marginally significant protective effect among mothers carrying infants with a single dose of the A allele (rs7993594) was observed (RR = 0.59, 95% CI 0.36, 0.98) and double-dose maternal carriage of the G-t-G-G haplotype increased risk of severe disease (RR = 4.13, 95% CI 1.22, 13.80).The maternal rs7993594 A allele appears to be associated with increased risk of HDP. Double-dose maternal carriage of the G-t-G-G haplotype increased risk of severe disease whereas the fetal rs7983774 A allele appears to be associated with decreased risk.Results: sFLT-1 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of HDP. We aimed to examine the role of maternal and fetal polymorphisms in risk of HDP and severe-spectrum disease.Cases of HDP (143) and controls (169) from mother-baby dyads were recruited at the Los Angeles County Women’s and Children’s Hospital (WCH). Cases of severe disease (99) and controls (31) from mother-father-baby triads were recruited through HELLP syndrome websites. Four sFLT-1 SNPs (rs7993594, rs3751395, rs7983774, and rs664393) were genotyped. Data was analyzed using a log-linear regression model in the Haplin package in R.Maternal double dose of the A allele (rs7993594) exhibited a nominally significant increased risk of HDP (RR = 3.52, 95% CI 1.08, 11.20). In the severe-spectrum cohort, a marginally significant protective effect among mothers carrying infants with a single dose of the A allele (rs7993594) was observed (RR = 0.59, 95% CI 0.36, 0.98) and double-dose maternal carriage of the G-t-G-G haplotype increased risk of severe disease (RR = 4.13, 95% CI 1.22, 13.80).The maternal rs7993594 A allele appears to be associated with increased risk of HDP. Double-dose maternal carriage of the G-t-G-G haplotype increased risk of severe disease whereas the fetal rs7983774 A allele appears to be associated with decreased risk.Conclusion: sFLT-1 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of HDP. We aimed to examine the role of maternal and fetal polymorphisms in risk of HDP and severe-spectrum disease.Cases of HDP (143) and controls (169) from mother-baby dyads were recruited at the Los Angeles County Women’s and Children’s Hospital (WCH). Cases of severe disease (99) and controls (31) from mother-father-baby triads were recruited through HELLP syndrome websites. Four sFLT-1 SNPs (rs7993594, rs3751395, rs7983774, and rs664393) were genotyped. Data was analyzed using a log-linear regression model in the Haplin package in R.Maternal double dose of the A allele (rs7993594) exhibited a nominally significant increased risk of HDP (RR = 3.52, 95% CI 1.08, 11.20). In the severe-spectrum cohort, a marginally significant protective effect among mothers carrying infants with a single dose of the A allele (rs7993594) was observed (RR = 0.59, 95% CI 0.36, 0.98) and double-dose maternal carriage of the G-t-G-G haplotype increased risk of severe disease (RR = 4.13, 95% CI 1.22, 13.80).The maternal rs7993594 A allele appears to be associated with increased risk of HDP. Double-dose maternal carriage of the G-t-G-G haplotype increased risk of severe disease whereas the fetal rs7983774 A allele appears to be associated with decreased risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article begins with a response to a recent contribution by Jensen, in which he has criticized several aspects of the use of triads of elements, including Döbereiner's original introduction of the concept and the modern use of atomic number triads by some authors including myself. Such triads are groups of three elements, one of which has approximately the average atomic weight of the other two elements, as well as having intermediate chemical reactivity. I also examine Jensen's attempted reconstruction Mendeleev's use of triads in predicting the atomic weights of three hitherto unknown elements, that were subsequently named gallium, germanium and scandium. The present article then considers the use of atomic number triads, in conjunction with the phenomenon of first member anomaly, in order to offer support for Janet's left-step periodic table, in which helium is relocated into group 2 of the table. Such a table features triads in which the 2nd and third elements of each group, without fail, fall into periods of equal length, a feature that is absent in the conventional 18-column or the conventional 32-column table. The dual sense of the term element, which is the source of much discussion in the philosophy of chemistry, is alluded to in further support of such a relocation of helium that may at first appear to contradict chemical intuition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Escalating non-communicable disease multimorbidity rates among older adults is an emerging public health concern in India, but the literature sparsely addresses the epidemiology of multimorbidity. We explore levels, patterns, combinations and predictors of multimorbidity among older adults using information on 59,764 individuals, aged 45 years and older, from the first wave of Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI), 2017-2018. We computed multimorbidity score for sixteen non-communicable diseases to identify frequently occurring morbidity patterns (dyads and triads) and assess the relationship between multimorbidity and selected background characteristics. Near third of the older adult population is affected by multimorbidity, with hypertension, gastrointestinal disorders, musculoskeletal disorders, diabetes and skin diseases being the most common. Policymakers should seek strategies to increase early detection and prevention of chronic diseases, delay the age at onset of disease for those who are not affected and improve management for those affected with multiple disease conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reuniens nucleus (RE) is situated at the most ventral position of the midline thalamus. In rats and mice RE is distinguished by bidirectional connections with the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and a role in memory and cognition. In primates, many foundational questions pertaining to RE remain unresolved. We addressed these issues by investigating the composition of the rhesus monkey RE in both sexes by labeling for GABA, a marker of inhibitory neurons, and for the calcium-binding proteins parvalbumin (PV), calbindin (CB), and calretinin (CR), which label thalamic excitatory neurons that project to cortex. As in rats and mice, the macaque RE was mostly populated by CB and CR neurons, characteristic of matrix-dominant nuclei, and had bidirectional connections with hippocampus and mPFC area 25 (A25). Unlike rodents, we found GABAergic neurons in the monkey RE and a sparser but consistent population of core-associated thalamocortical PV neurons. RE had stronger connections with the basal amygdalar complex than in rats or mice. Amygdalar terminations were enriched with mitochondria and frequently formed successive synapses with the same postsynaptic structures, suggesting an active and robust pathway to RE. Significantly, hippocampal pathways formed multisynaptic complexes that uniquely involved excitatory projection neurons and dendrites of local inhibitory neurons in RE, extending this synaptic principle beyond sensory to high-order thalamic nuclei. Convergent pathways from hippocampus, A25, and amygdala in RE position it to flexibly coordinate activity for memory, cognition, and emotional context, which are disrupted in several psychiatric and neurologic diseases in humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Junctin is a transmembrane protein of striated muscles, located at the junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). It is characterized by a luminal C-terminal tail, through which it functionally interacts with calsequestrin and the ryanodine receptor (RyR). Interaction with calsequestrin was ascribed to the presence of stretches of charged amino acids (aa). However, the regions able to bind calsequestrin have not been defined in detail. We report here that, in non-muscle cells, junctin and calsequestrin assemble in long linear regions within the endoplasmic reticulum, mirroring the formation of calsequestrin polymers. In differentiating myotubes, the two proteins colocalize at triads, where they assemble with other proteins of the junctional SR. By performing GST pull-down assays with distinct regions of the junctin tail, we identified two KEKE motifs that can bind calsequestrin. In addition, stretches of charged aa downstream these motifs were found to also bind calsequestrin and the RyR. Deletion of even one of these regions impaired the ability of junctin to localize at the junctional SR, suggesting that interaction with other proteins at this site represents a key element in junctin targeting.0 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When ionic dyes are close together, the internal Coulomb interaction may affect their photophysics and the energy‐transfer efficiency. To explore this, we have prepared triangular architectures of three rhodamines connected to a central triethynylbenzene unit (1,3,5‐tris(buta‐1,3‐diyn‐1‐yl)benzene) based on acetylenic coupling reactions and measured fluorescence spectra of the isolated, triply charged ions in vacuo. We find from comparisons with previously reported monomer and dimer spectra that while polarization of the π‐system causes redshifted emission, the separation between the rhodamines is too large for a Stark shift. This picture is supported by electrostatic calculations on model systems composed of three linear and polarizable ionic dyes in D3h configuration: The electric field that each dye experiences from the other two is too small to induce a dipole moment, both in the ground and the excited state. In the case of heterotrimers that contain either two rhodamine 575 (R575) and one R640 or one R575 and two R640, emission is almost purely from R640 although the polarization of the π‐system expectedly diminishes the dipole‐dipole interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary aim of this article is to examine the role of triad affiliation in mediating the relationship between child maltreatment (neglect, punishment, emotional abuse, and sexual abuse) and delinquency among active young gang members in Hong Kong. A sample of 177 gang members aged 12 to 24 was recruited to complete a questionnaire with the assistance of a youth outreach social work team. Neglect was identified as the most common form of maltreatment, followed by emotional abuse, punishment, and sexual abuse. Mediation analyses confirmed that triad affiliation acts as a mediating variable in the child maltreatment–delinquency relationship, except in cases of sexual abuse. Only the relationship between punishment and delinquency was found to be fully mediated by triad affiliation; partial mediation effects were found for neglect and emotional abuse. Recommendations for child protection and youth workers are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All 13C NMR signals of the poly(arylene) polymers, O‐1, S‐7, OS‐4, OOS‐3, OOOS‐2, SSO‐5, and SSSO‐6 (where O is a diphenyleneoxiphthalide unit and S is a diphenylenethiophthalide unit) in dyads and triads were assigned unequivocally with two‐dimensional NMR techniques (ge‐2D [1H–1H] COSY, ge‐2D [1H–13C] HSQC, and ge‐2D [1H–13C] HMBC), and for each atom, the increments of the shifts are determined. For structurally similar carbon atoms of the phthalide cycle and heteroaromatic fragments of the skeletal chain, additive signal splitting schemes in phthalide centered dyads and in diphenylene oxide and in diphenylene sulfide centered triads are considered, based on taking into account the contributions to their shielding of adjacent and distant substituents. It was shown that the nature of the splitting of the signals of each of the 20 carbon atoms in 3,3‐bisphenylphthalide fragments is determined by the type of carbon atom (tertiary or quaternary, even or odd), the type of heteroatoms in adjacent heteroaromatic fragments, their distance from the identified carbon nucleus, and their polyad symmetry. The results obtained in this article will greatly facilitate our further studies and, in particular, will allow us to study the microstructure of statistical copolymers based on the asymmetric OS monomer at the dyad and triad levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay presents a theory of musical and verbal double entendre inspired by and applicable to the late-period music of Milton Babbitt. Rather than assuming the appropriateness of any single method (which might tend toward singularity of meaning), a number of approaches are applied to three late works: primarily his Whirled Series (1987), and secondarily his Canonical Form (1983) and Gloss on 'Round Midnight (2001). These are interpreted through various kinds of analysis, not only serial, but also tonal (chordal and voice-leading), associational, pitch-permeational, and form-functional. Connections to Tin-Pan-Alley song lyrics, jazz improvisation, hermeneutics, and Gibsonian affordances are discussed in relation to these musical analyses. All this is done to infer and cultivate connections (represented as a conceptual integration networks) between Babbitt7s extratheoretic verbal expression and extra-dodecaphonic aspects of his music, connections that suggest an underlying poetics (a tacit motivational philosophy implicitly fueling his creativity) that provides pragmatic benefit to the artistic ambitions of diverse personal identities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the common knowledge that there is something "Pythagorean" about Charles Peirce's phenomenology and classification of signs there is a manifest lack of inquiries into the matter. Perhaps there is too little to go on, as Pythagoras himself did not leave us any writings to consult. Nevertheless, much of ancient Greek philosophy bears an unmistakable Pythagorean stamp, and Iamblichus' bio - graphy of Pythagoras provides us with enough to get such inquiries started. This paper examines the development of triads, beginning with the Pythagorean one (body, soul, and intellect) and proceeds to those of Immanuel Kant (Experience, Understanding, and Reason) and Peirce's compatriot and family acquaintance Pliny Earle Chase (Motivity, Spontaneity, and Rationality). The article concludes with an examination of the various triads in Peirce's early writings, especially around the time of his discovery of Chase's "Intellectual symbolism". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper answers the call for research addressing the structural and relational explanations of interorganizational projects (IOPs). It aims to contribute to extant knowledge by highlighting the relational structure of the interplay of competition and cooperation. Grounding the study in a relational structure, this paper analyzes two key properties of social networks, cohesion and centralization, and the properties of triadic relations. This study investigated the deployment of two wind farm IOPs in Brazil with the use of social network analysis supplemented by qualitative evidence. The results show that the interplay of competition and cooperation in IOPs is affected by their relational structure. The inefficiency of competitive relationships at the IOP implementation stage motivates the evolution of cooperation in a more cohesive and centralized relational structure. The results also show that a greater number of triads and a high degree of cohesion positively affect the interplay of competition and cooperation in the IOP context. These findings can guide researchers in addressing the theoretical and practical issues of the coopetition phenomenon in complex projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many researchers of Western esotericism today assume a "methodological agnosticism" whereby they limit themselves to historical and textual verification. They do not adjudicate whether the specific esoteric tradition studied is genuine or spurious, reasonable or unsound, grounded in a spiritual reality or premised in fantastical impossibilities. In this article, I draw on G.I. Gurdjieff's understanding of the "Law of Three" as extended by British philosopher and Gurdjieff associate J.G. Bennett to argue that a phenomenological approach is a valuable interpretive complement to methodological agnosticism because it offers a reliable conceptual and methodological means for probing esoteric claims as they might be understood via firsthand encounter and experience. Bennett particularized Gurdjieff's presentation of the Law of Three by describing it in terms of six triads ; i.e., systems of three forces that interact to sustain a specific action, process, or happening. In this article, I draw on my ongoing understanding of Gurdjieff's Law of Three and Bennett's six triads to suggest that esoteric knowledge is not necessarily "hidden" or "beyond the ordinary" but can unfold in a process of progressive awareness whereby the student engages in an empathetic, deepening understanding of phenomena. Instead of the "outsider" perspective of methodological agnosticism, one draws on an "insider" perspective of committed, first-person involvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is written by a former Royal Hong Kong Police officer whose service included Special Branch engaged in counter-terrorism intelligence, and who is currently resident in Hong Kong. It offers a detailed chronological overview of the development of the 2019 protests in Hong Kong; analyses the problems with the political response on the part of the Hong Kong and Beijing governments; it also looks at the tactics employed by the protesters, and critically examines the tactical and strategic response to the protests by the Hong Kong police. It also discusses the broader social and economic causes of the protests, and how the Hong Kong government might best respond to these challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self‐management by older persons could be influenced by the level of trust found in triads of informal carers, formal care providers and care recipient, the older person. Little research has been done on care providers' trust in older persons. This study aims to explore the level of trust that informal carers and home care nurses have in older persons, the extent of alignment in triads and the relationship between trust in older persons and self‐management. We conducted a cross‐sectional survey study in the Netherlands, sampling 133 older persons, 64 informal carers and 72 nurses, which resulted in 39 triads. Alignment level was analysed through Intraclass Correlation Coefficient 1 scores and absolute and mean difference scores. Correlation analysis and one‐way analysis of variance measured the relationship between trust and self‐management. The results show that triads contain both alignment and misalignment. Misalignment occurs mostly when informal carers and nurses have little trust in the older person while this person views their own behaviour towards their caregivers positively. Care providers' trust levels relate significantly to their perception of the person's ability to self‐manage, but not to the person's self‐rated ability. This could be explained by care providers not communicating their intrinsic trust in the older person to them. Trust building could be enhanced by organising discussions of mutual expectations of trust and both formal and informal care providers could benefit from compassionate assessment training, to learn how to openly express their trust in the older person. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Triad and other secret societies have been mutual aid groups, personal networks amongst Chinese, organised criminal gangs, as well as associated with patriotism. The perceived patriotism of triads originated in the support of some for the restoration of the Ming Dynasty and overthrow of the Manchu Qing dynasty. The association of triads with patriotism continued as triad and secret societies used regimes for advantage and regimes likewise used them when in need of support. The Nationalists (Kuomintang), the Communists, and even the British have worked with or used triad or other secret societies when the need has arisen. The pretext of patriotism is a central factor in the durability of triad and secret societies in China. This article seeks to explain the frequent association of triad societies with patriotism and why this has contributed to the durability of the criminality of triads that overlooks their long-term criminality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using a variety of technical approaches, we have detected the presence of continuous triads that cover the entire length of T tubules in the main white body muscles of several small fish. This is in contrast to the discontinuous association of SR with T tubules in the red muscles from the same fish as well as in all other previously described muscles in a large variety of skeletal muscles. We suggest that continuous triads are permissible only in muscle fibers that are not normally subject to significant changes in sarcomere length during normal in vivo activity, as is the case for white muscles in the trunk of fish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - Most research on the power issue has taken a dyadic view, implicitly assuming that power is employed directly and successfully on one target via a single route without stakeholders. When such a direct approach is unsuccessful or impractical, however, power holders may influence their targets via third parties. This study, from a triadic point of view, details how the coercive power is exercised through two-step maneuvers, and what differences are between power exercise in the dyads and that in the triads. Methodology/Approach - In-depth interviews were conducted with four suppliers in different industry settings. Findings - Four types of two-step influence tactics are identified on the basis of strategic nature (covert/overt) and the pathways of influence (single/multiple). Differing from the power usage in a dyad without stakeholders, the power usage with the stakeholders in a triad was found to (1) reduce the levels of dependence on the target firm; (2) alleviate the conflicts and retaliation; (3) alter the power direction and influence strength; and (4) add more rooms for the power holder to manipulate the influence tactics. Research implications - The findings of this study expand the understanding of an under-researched dimension of coercive power usage and leverage by connecting the different stakeholders in the channel triads. The four coercive power tactics and their drivers show how the shift of power source from a dyad to a triad impacts on the target firm’s behavior and overall network performance. Practical implications - The findings also provide some guidance for practitioners, so that they may use the two-step coercive influence tactics more appropriately based on the different strategic nature and pathways of influence in the marketing channels. Originality/Value - This study contributes to the literature by providing a conceptual framework and variables for analyzing the two-step power tactics in the channel triads. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Women diagnosed with breast cancer younger than 45 years (young breast cancer survivors—YBCS) and their biological relatives face significant stressors. Although family support is an important coping resource, little is known about YBCS' and relatives' support and whether it is interdependent. The study described family support in YBCS and their biological relatives; identified demographic, clinical, and psychosocial predictors of support; and determined the interdependence of support in YBCS‐relatives family units. Methods: Data were collected from a random sample of YBCS and their first‐ or second‐degree female relatives. Actor‐partner interdependence models (APIM) explored predictors and interdependence of YBCS' and relatives' family support in dyads (YBCS and relative) and triads (YBCS and two relatives). Results: Among n = 310 YBCS and n = 431 first‐ or second‐degree relatives, family support was higher in triads compared to dyads. APIMs identified actor effects in dyads, and actor and partner effects in triads. Across all family units, YBCS' higher self‐efficacy was associated with higher YBCS support (actor effect) and relative support (partner effect); YBCS' prior diagnosis of depression was associated with lower YBCS and relative support (actor and partner effect); cost‐related lack of access to care was associated with lower support among YBCS (actor effect) and relatives (actor and partner effect). Conclusions: Family support was interdependent and was affected by self‐efficacy, depression, and access to care. Interventions should include YBCS and relatives, enhance self‐efficacy and access to care. Women diagnosed with breast cancer younger than 45 years old (young breast cancer survivors—YBCS) and their biological relatives face significant stressors. Data were collected from a random sample of YBCS, stratified by race, and their first‐ or second‐degree female relatives. Actor‐partner interdependence models explored predictors and interdependence of YBCS' and relatives' family support in dyads (YBCS‐one relative) and triads (YBCS‐two relatives). YBCS' and relatives' family support is interdependent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Donor–donor′–acceptor triads (1, 2), based on [3.3]paracyclophane ([3.3]PCP) as a bridge, with electron‐donating properties (D′) using 1,4‐dithiafulvene (DTF; TTF half unit) as a donor and dicyanomethylene (DCM; TCNE half unit) or an ethoxycarbonyl‐cyanomethylene (ECM) as an acceptor were designed and synthesized. The pulse radiolysis study of 1 a in 1,2‐dichloroethane allowed the clear assignment of the absorption bands of the DTF radical cation (1 a.+), whereas the absorption bands due to the DCM radical anion could not be observed by γ‐ray radiolysis in 2‐methyltetrahydrofuran rigid glass at 77 K. Electrochemical oxidation of 1 a first generates the DTF radical cation (1 a.+), the absorption bands of which are in agreement with those observed by a pulse radiolysis study, followed by dication (1 a2+). The ESR spectrum of 1 a.+ showed a symmetrical signal with fine structure and an ESR simulation predicted that the spin of 1 a.+ is delocalized over S and C atoms of the DTF moiety and the central C atom of the trimethylene bridge bearing the DTF moiety. Pulse radiolysis, ESR, and electrochemical studies indicate that the DTF radical cation of 1 a.+ is more stable than that of 6.+, and the latter shows a strong tendency to dimerize. This result indicates that the [3.3]PCP moiety as a bridge can stabilize the DTF radical cation more than the 1,3‐diphenylpropane moiety because of kinetic stability due to its rigid structure and the weak electronic interaction of DTF and DCM moieties through [3.3]PCP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last decade, the notion of triad was reintroduced by Eric Scerri, who suggested it as a possible categorical criterion to represent chemical periodicity. In particular, he reformulated the notion of triad in terms of atomic number instead of atomic weights; in this way, the value of the intermediate term of the triad became the exact average of the values of the two extremes. Following the inspiration of Scerri’s work, the main purpose of this article is to obtain a representation where all the relations among the chemical elements that form the groups of the periodic system can be reconstructed on the basis of triads, without using electronic configurations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite incontrovertible evidence documenting effects of fathering on child outcomes, social work practice has unyieldingly resisted the pursuit of father engagement as a requisite outcome of competent clinical child intervention. Reasons behind this resistance are already well understood, and several promising programs have provided reassuring evidence that inclusion of fathers in clinical work with young children in higher-risk families is not only possible, but transformative. Yet despite the fact that the soil has been tilled and essential professional competencies needed for effective work with fathers identified, it is unlikely that comprehensive changes will ever take root without the social work profession embracing a coparenting and triangular perspective in all efforts on behalf of children and their families. In this article, main conceptual distinctions between triangular and "2 + 1" models are drawn, with accounts provided differentiating perfunctory from persistent assumption of a triangular model, calling on an inventive coparenting intervention for unmarried expectant parents as a case in point. This article also focuses on parallel changes in the institutional and community contexts in which social work practice is embedded that will be needed to better support the coparenting family once interventions have met with success in solidifying family triangles in children's best interests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite an increasing number of studies, there is still a lack of knowledge about the unique features that underlie the process in equine assisted social work (EASW). This study aimed to reveal, through qualitative methods, the dyads within the triad that become stronger during the process of EASW, as well as the effect of the participation of the horse on the relationship between the counselor and client. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with nine female self-harming clients aged 15-21 years and eight staff members. The interviews, together with video-recorded human-horse interactions with three staff members and four clients were analyzed, resulting in additional issues answered by these three staff members and four clients in a second interview. Critical dialogues between patterns and fragmentations in the narratives and video-recordings, as well as a dialogue with the participants while they were viewing videos of their own EASW sessions, led to the conclusion that adding a horse qualitatively changes therapeutic relationships in EASW. The different triads consist of different liaisons between actors in the triad, giving rise to unique combinations. The quality of the relationships depends on both the staff and the clients' attachment orientations. Further research is needed to investigate how the degree of emotional connection to the horse affects the impact that horses have on triads in EASW. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let be a nonzero complex number which is not a root of unity. Let be a compact oriented surface, the -skein space of , , is the vector space over generated by framed oriented links (including framed oriented trivalent graphs in ) quotient by the -skein relations due to Kuperberg [Spiders for rank Lie algebra, Comm. Math. Phys. 180(1) (1996) 109-151]. For closed , with genus greater than , we construct a local diffeomorphism invariant trace on when is a positive real number not equal to . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An acceptor-donor-radical triad based on tetrathiafulvalene (TTF)-fused (benzimidazol-2-yl)-pyridine (bzip) which is alkylated with a nitronyl nitroxide (NIT) radical derivative, has been designed and synthetized. Its X-ray structure has been refined showing a complex arrangement of head-to-tail dimers of the TTF-bzip moieties and a 1D network of short contacts between the NIT radicals. Its electrochemical behavior has been studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV) showing that the TTF and NIT moieties can be reversibly and independently oxidized. The occurrence of intramolecular ligand charge transfers (ILCT) of both TTF → bzip and TTF → NIT nature has been evidenced by UV–visible electronic absorption spectroscopy coupled to TD-DFT calculations. Moreover, these calculations and RPE measurements confirmed the radical form (S = ½) of the compound as well as the spin density mainly localized on the methyl-benzo-[1-oxyl-3-oxide-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazolin-2-yl] unit. Both emissions of the NIT radical and TTF-based molecular skeleton have been observed with a tunable intensity ratio depending on the irradiation energy. Finally, this new triad may be a valuable candidate for the construction of multi-property compounds by coordination of metallic ions either on the TTF-based molecular skeleton or on the NIT moieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Change is inevitable... Change in music is also inevitable, as with all things. However, most of the 20th century's musicians, noticed that this great wave of change touched also the musical world, with all sorts of (big) ideas being bought to life. The experimentation is great, the most of composers are set to creating the „new music", to configurate their own (new) desires, rather than create music being written for specific performance, or condition. Everyone, musician/composer want to try in the new era of changes, to create the new sound. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dominance hierarchies are expected to form in response to socioecological pressures and competitive regimes. We assess dominance relationships among free-ranging female Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) and compare them with those of African savannah elephants (Loxodonta africana), which are known to exhibit age-based dominance hierarchies. Both species are generalist herbivores, however, the Asian population occupies a more productive and climatically stable environment relative to that of the African savannah population. We expected this would lower competition relative to the African taxon, relaxing the need for hierarchy. We tested whether 1) observed dominance interactions among individuals were transitive, 2) outcomes were structured either by age or by social unit according to 4 independent ranking methods, and 3) hierarchy steepness among classes was significant using David's score. Elephas maximus displayed less than a third the number of dominance interactions as observed in L. africana, with statistically insignificant transitivity among individuals. There was weak but significant order as well as steepness among age-classes but no clear order among social units. Loxodonta africana showed significant transitivity among individuals, with significant order and steepness among age-classes and social units. Elephas maximus had a greater proportion of age-reversed dominance outcomes than L. africana. When dominance hierarchies are weak and nonlinear, signals of dominance may have other functions, such as maintaining social exclusivity. We propose that resource dynamics reinforce differences via influence on fission-fusion processes, which we term "ecological release." We discuss implications of these findings for conservation and management when animals are spatially constrained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conjugates based on porphyrin (porph) and rhodamine (rh) moieties linked by amide bonds, dyad 1 (porph-spacer-rh) and triad 2 (porph-spacer-rh-spacer-porph), were prepared respectively from precursor 1 and precursor 2 . The sensing ability of precursor 1 , dyad 1 and triad 2 towards the divalent metal ions Cu 2+ , Zn 2+ , Cd 2+ , Pb 2+ , Hg 2+ and the monovalent Hg + was explored in solution by absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy as well as in gas phase using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)-TOF mass spectrometry. In solution one-metal-per-ligand molar ratio was obtained with precursor 1 and triad 2 , however, a two-metal-per-ligand molar ratio was observed with dyad 1 . Additionally, the results obtained by MALDI-TOF-MS confirmed the gas-phase sensing abilities of dyad 1 towards all metal ions tested and of triad 2 towards Zn 2+ . Computational DFT calculations confirm the same stoichiometry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2007, amateur on-line writer Kong Ergou’s triad novel series,Past Events of the Northeast: Twenty Years of the Triads, became a hit as a piece of network original literature. Five years later, the first volume of the book series was adapted into a network television drama of the same title. Focusing on the television drama, this paper examines three interrelated “dimensions” of the text. The first “dimension” relates to the correspondence between the inception and development of underworld gangs, and the vicissitudes experienced by the Chinese people during the harsh and unprecedented economic and cultural conditions that were introduced during the post-Mao era. A second “dimension” of this dramatic text finds that the nostalgia for and admiration of totalitarian times, together with a postmodern parody and deconstruction of Maoist society and its ideology, are juxtaposed in contemporary popular cultural products such asPast Events, thus demonstrating the complex and obscure emotions of ordinary Chinese people in relation to socialist revolutionary times. The final “dimension” compares the chivalrous spirit espoused by the gangsters with the ever-deteriorating morality and ethical values prevalent in present-day China. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

We investigate the performance of TRIADS, a numerical implementation of a phase-resolving, nonlinear, spectral model describing directional wave evolution in intermediate and shallow water. TRIADS simulations of shoaling waves generated by Hurricane Bill, 2009 are compared to directional spectral estimates based on observations collected at the Field Research Facility of the US Army Corps Of Engineers, at Duck, NC. Both the ability of the model to capture the processes essential to the nonlinear wave evolution, and the efficiency of the numerical implementations are analyzed and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All ethnic groups have norms and values according to which one is expected to behave. Immigrants in particular have personal networks that simultaneously consist of co-ethnics and friends of a different ethnic background. As a consequence, they may be accustomed to the behavior, norms, and values of their own ethnic group, and also be expected to behave according to those of another ethnic group. This may either lead to ego-gratification and the strengthening and enrichment of their personality, or to feelings of stress and non-acceptance if they cannot behave fully in accordance with the expectations of their friends. This study addresses the association between interethnic open triads in networks (i.e., brokerage) and individual psychological well-being. That is, we examine whether having intra-ethnic and interethnic relationships with friends who are not also friends with each other, is either positively or negatively associated with psychological well-being. Using (network) data from a large sample (N = 2,942; age = 19) of native Swedes and first- and second-generation immigrants from former Yugoslavia and Iran (all born in 1990 and currently living in Sweden), we show that interethnic brokerage is negatively associated with psychological well-being, which implies that the different norms, values and corresponding behaviors that prevail in different ethnic groups to which the ethnic broker is connected may result in internal and external conflicts, to feelings that one is not fully accepted by any of these groups, and ultimately to a lower level of psychological well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Croatian producers of traditional cheeses often do not have the financial and/or organizational ability to act independently on the market, Thusit is important to get involved in supply chains in order to improve the competitiveness of their products. The main objective of this study was to determine the status and the problems related to the supply chains of traditional cheeses in Croatia. The survey was conducted on 36 chain members (including 12 milk suppliers, 12 cheese producers and 12 customers). In the first stage of the study cheese producers were selected for interviews. During the interviews, each cheese producer was asked to identify the most important suppliers and customers, which were subsequently forwarded the questionnaire depending on their role in the supply chain. According tothe obtained results the key problems in supply chains of traditional cheeseswere the imbalance in bargaining power within the chain, especially between producers and customers, the high logistics' costs, the lack of transparency in contractual relations, low rates of charge realisation, and the poor communication and information sharing among supply chain members. Results of this study might be used as theoretical basis to all respondents whose companies participated in the survey and could encourage them to improve the performance of their supply chains based on the identified problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thematic dyads (permanence - becoming, experience - formalism, complex - simple, reductionism - holism, continuous - discontinuous, structural hierarchy - unit) originate in our general faculty of imagination, and they represent ideas - power, ideas - myths, which meet a compelling choice, within the prevailing paradigm, between: matter - spirit, substance - form, analysis - synthesis, mechanical - organic, determination - chance, causality - finality. Themata means here "the well-established and widespread fundamental preconceptions that cannot be simply reduced to observation or analytical calculation, or derived from them" (G. Holton). This study aims to analyze the triadic themata and their fruitful application in the "hard sciences" as well as in the soft ones. In this respect, the dynamic model of the social self seems to be very similar to the one of the Holy Trinity, demonstrating a common "pattern of thought". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The accessibility of triads with deltahedral Zintl clusters in analogy to fullerene–linker–fullerene triads is another example for the close relationship between fullerenes and Zintl clusters. The compound {[K(2.2.2‐crypt)]4[RGe9‐CH=CH-CH=CH‐Ge9R]}(toluene)2 (R=(2Z,4E)‐7‐amino‐5‐aza‐hepta‐2,4‐dien‐2‐yl), containing two deltahedral [Ge9] clusters linked by a conjugated (1Z,3Z)‐buta‐1,3‐dien‐1,4‐diyl bridge, was synthesized through the reaction of 1,4‐bis(trimethylsilyl)butadiyne with K4Ge9 in ethylenediamine and crystallized after the addition of 2.2.2‐cryptand and toluene. The compound was characterized by single‐crystal structure analysis as well asNMR and IR spectroscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The accessibility of triads with deltahedral Zintl clusters in analogy to fullerene–linker–fullerene triads is another example for the close relationship between fullerenes and Zintl clusters. The compound {[K(2.2.2-crypt)]4[RGe9-CH=CH–CH=CH-Ge9R]}(toluene)2 (R=(2Z,4E)-7-amino-5-aza-hepta-2,4-dien-2-yl), containing two deltahedral [Ge9] clusters linked by a conjugated (1Z,3Z)-buta-1,3-dien-1,4-diyl bridge, was synthesized through the reaction of 1,4-bis(trimethylsilyl)butadiyne with K4Ge9 in ethylenediamine and crystallized after the addition of 2.2.2-cryptand and toluene. The compound was characterized by single-crystal structure analysis as well asNMR and IR spectroscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses triads related to clinical dermatology and classifies them based on the etiologies responsible for them. The triads are classified as infectious, autoimmune, metabolic, genodermatoses, and neoplasm. Information is presented on mycetoma, Graves' disease, Churg-Strauss syndrome, and Still's disease.

This paper provides an introduction to the articles submitted to the special issue of Trends in Organized Crime bringing forward numerous empirical research findings and theoretical accounts on Chinese organized crime in China and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent events have shifted the way the Chinese state responds to organized crime and corruption. The re-definition of organized crime, improved judicial oversight and the re-assessment of 'strike-hard' style police campaigns are key reforms. This paper discusses the recent changes in law, practice and oversight in the context of a brief overview of criminal groups in China and the Chongqing policing model. Revisions to the criminal law are described and the likely outcomes are assessed in the context of the key struggle to contain corruption and organized crime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of supply chain management has evolved from focussing initially on functional co-ordination within an organisation, then to external dyadic integration with suppliers and customers and more recently towards a holistic network perspective. The focus of the research described in this paper is to explore how and why relationships within supply chain networks change over time. Since a triad is the simplest meaningful sub-set of a network, we use triads as the unit of analysis in our research. In particular, we consider triads consisting of a supplier, their customer, and the associated logistics services provider. An evolutionary triadic model with eight relational states is proposed and the evolutionary paths between the states hypothesised, based on balance theory. The fundamental role of logistical service providers is examined within these alternative triadic states with a specific focus on the relationships between the actors in the triad. Empirical evidence is collected from three very different triads and cross-referenced with our proposed model. How the interactions and relationships change over time is the central focus of the case studies and the conceptual model. Our findings indicate that some networks are more stable than others and depending on their position in a triad some actors can gain power over their business partners. Further, those organisations that act as information conduits seem to have greater capacity to influence their standing in a supply chain network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives To gain insight into the factors that influence communication between health professionals and Turkish and Moroccan immigrants in the palliative phase of cancer. Background In palliative care, communication is crucial. The question, however, is whether Dutch healthcare providers, on the one hand, and Turkish and Moroccan patients and their family members, on the other, agree on what is constituted by good communication. Design A descriptive qualitative method is used. Methods Data of semi-structured interviews with 83 persons (six patients, 30 relatives and 47 professional care providers) were analysed to determine perceptual communication differences about care and treatment during the palliative phase of 33 cases. Results As many patients with a Turkish or Moroccan background speak little Dutch, conversations often take place in triads, which makes it difficult for the actors to understand and resolve communication problems arising from diverging perceptions of 'good communication'. Conclusion Miscommunication around palliative care cannot solely be explained by the different cultural backgrounds of patients and their care providers. The multilingual communication triangle of patient - family - care provider often also complicates the bridging of differences in care perceptions. Relevance to clinical practice Professional care providers should develop adequate strategies to handle triads, explore their own conventions and those of patients and relatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]