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We show that if a closed smooth n-manifold M admits a u-dimension one special Anosov endomorphism f, then M is homeomorphic to T n and f is topologically conjugate to a hyperbolic toral endomorphism. Moreover, any u-dimension one special Anosov endomorphism is transitive and the stable foliation is minimal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of BE-ringoid is introduced, and some properties of it are investigated. We discuss on a distributive BE-ringoid. Further, transitive BE-ringoid is defined and the relationship between distributive BE-ringoids and transitive BE-ringoids is considered, and we prove that every distributive BE-ringoid is a transitive BE-ringoid, but the converse may not be true, and an example is given to illustrate it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the manuscript, we deal with a type of pseudo orbit tracing property and hyperbolicity about a vector field (or a divergence free vector field). We prove that a vector field (or a divergence free vector field) of a smooth closed manifold M has the robustly ergodic pseudo orbit tracing property then it does not contain any singularities and it is Anosov. Additionally, there is a dense and open set R in the set of C 1 a vector field (or a divergence free vector field) of a smooth closed manifold M such that given a vector field (or a divergence free vector field) has the ergodic pseudo orbit tracing property then it does not contain singularities and it is Anosov. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Every transitive family of subspaces of a vector space of finite dimension $n\ge 2$ over a field $\mathbb {F}$ contains a subfamily which is transitive but has no proper transitive subfamily. Such a subfamily is called minimally transitive. Each has at most $n^2-n+1$ elements. On ${{\mathbb {C}}}^n, n\ge 3$ , a minimally transitive family of subspaces has at least four elements and a minimally transitive family of one-dimensional subspaces has $\tau $ elements where $n+1\le \tau \le 2n-2$. We show how a minimally transitive family of one-dimensional subspaces arises when it consists of the subspaces spanned by the standard basis vectors together with those spanned by $0$ – $1$ vectors. On a space of dimension four, the set of nontrivial elements of a medial subspace lattice has five elements if it is minimally transitive. On spaces of dimension $12$ or more, the set of nontrivial elements of a medial subspace lattice can have six or more elements and be minimally transitive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study some close relationships between the classes of transitive, fully transitive and Krylov transitive torsion-free Abelian groups. In addition, as an application of the achieved assertions, we resolve some old-standing problems, posed by Krylov, Mikhalev and Tuganbaev in their monograph [P. A. Krylov, A. V. Mikhalev and A. A. Tuganbaev, Endomorphism Rings of Abelian Groups, Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, 2003]. Specifically, we answer Problem 44 from there in the affirmative by constructing a Krylov transitive torsion-free Abelian group which is neither fully transitive nor transitive. This extends to the torsion-free case certain similar results in the p-torsion case. We, alternatively, also expand to the torsion-free version some of the results concerning transitivity, full transitivity and Krylov transitivity in the p-primary case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let D = (V , A) be a simple strongly connected digraph and let Aut (D) be an automorphism of V (D). For x ∈ V (D) , the set { x g : g ∈ Aut (D) } is called an orbit of Aut (D). In this paper, first, we show that if D is a 2-regular strongly connected digraph with two orbits then λ (D) = 2 , if D is a k -regular strongly connected digraph with two orbits and λ (G) < k (k ≥ 3) , then λ (G) ≥ 2. Second, we prove that if g (D) ≥ 3 , then λ (D) = 3. Last, we characterize the arc atoms of 3-regular strongly connected digraphs with two orbits and λ (D) = 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new algebraic structure was introduced, called an eGE-algebra, which is a generalisation of a GE-algebra and investigated its properties. We explore the definition of filters and the quotient algebra associated with such filters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author presents some of the modern poetic language theories from the twentieth century. He begins with the idea that poetry, as a particular art of discourse, was (and still is) described alongside prose, with a difference in the use of language, with several close-ups and departures, in relation to the double intention of communication of language: reflexive or transitive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let X be a continuum and let n be a positive integer. We consider the hyperspaces Fn(X) and SFn(X). If m is an integer such that n > m = 1, we consider the quotient space SFn m(X). For a given map f: X ! X, we consider the induced maps Fn(f): Fn(X) ! Fn(X), SFn(f): SFn(X) ! SFn(X) and SFn m(f): SFn m(X) ! SFn m(X). In this paper, we introduce the dynamical system (SFn m(X); SFn m(f)) and we investigate some relationships between the dynamical systems (X; f), (Fn(X);Fn(f)), (SFn(X); SFn(f)) and (SFn m(X); SFn m(f)) when these systems are: exact, mixing, weakly mixing, transitive, totally transitive, strongly transitive, chaotic, irreducible, feebly open and turbulent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider tetravalent graphs within a family introduced by Praeger and Xu in 1989. These graphs have the property of having exceptionally large symmetry groups among all tetravalent graphs. This very property makes them unsuitable for the use of simple computer techniques. We apply techniques from coding theory to determine for which values of the parameters the graphs allow cycle structures, semitransitive orientations, or rotary maps; all without recourse to the use of computers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The aim of this paper is to present some contributions to the theory of finite transformation monoids. The dominating influence that permutation groups have on transformation monoids is used to describe and characterise transitive transformation monoids and primitive transitive transformation monoids. We develop a theory that not only includes the analogs of several important theorems of the classical theory of permutation groups but also contains substantial information about the algebraic structure of the transformation monoids. Open questions naturally arising from the substantial paper of Steinberg (2010) [11] have been answered. Our results can also be considered as a further development in the hunt for a solution of the Černý conjecture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we show that the geodesic flow on a compact rank 1 Riemannian manifold without focal points is transitive, which generalize the classical work of P. Eberlein in the case of nonpositive curvature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let f be a diffeomorphism on a compact smooth Riemannian manifold M, and let Λ be a closed f-invariant transitive subset of M. In this paper, we show that f|Λ is C1-stably expansive if and only if Λ is a hyperbolic basic set. Moreover, C1-generically, a locally maximal transitive set Λ is expansive if and only if it is a hyperbolic basic set. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The notion of shadowable points was introduced by Morales in his recent paper (2016,Dynamical Systems). A shadowable point of a continuous map or a homeomorphism is defined to be a point such that the shadowing lemma holds for pseudo orbits passing through the point. In this paper, as a quantitative version of the shadowable points, we study shadowable points with a given shadowing accuracy, and prove a quantitative version of Morales’ theorem in his paper above. In addition, we answer two questions on shadowable points asked in the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this paper we deal with uniformly rigid systems obtained by a method introduced by Katznelson and Weiss and show that such systems never contain DC2 pairs. On the other hand, we introduce a modification of this technique that leads to a uniformly rigid system with DC2 pairs. We also show that every dynamical system contains a pair of distinct points which is not DC2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author claims that a) the encoding of the core constituents in the Old Hurrian perfective forms reveals some residual non-ergative (active) features, b) this preergative type of encoding coexisted with the ergative one, c) the mixed active-ergative type of encoding of Old Hurrian was replaced in Late (Mitannian) Hurrian by the typically ergative one, d) the language of the Tižadal-inscription, the earliest known Hurrian text, was not ergative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aisbergul poeziei moderne is one of the most consistent Romanian studies that have been written about modern poetry. The dominant dimension particularly emphasized throughout the book is the transitive characteristic of the new poetry (the proposal for the concepts of transitive/reflexive poetry belongs to the author). There are also references to what Gheorghe Crăciun calles reflexive poetry and to the linguistic poetry so as to complete the picture of all modern poetry. A nuanced perspective, ontological, poetic, and chronological, but also geographical, morphological supports the main thesis of the work: transitive poetry is worth entering the canon. As such, transitive poetry is not only valuable, but should be definetely read and known bya all those who really want to understand the phenomenon of modern poetry in its essential data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We discuss the dynamics of n -expansive homeomorphisms with the shadowing property defined on compact metric spaces. For every n ∈ N , we exhibit an n -expansive homeomorphism, which is not ( n − 1 ) -expansive, has the shadowing property and admits an infinite number of chain-recurrent classes. We discuss some properties of the local stable (unstable) sets of n -expansive homeomorphisms with the shadowing property and use them to prove that some types of the limit shadowing property are present. This deals some direction to the problem of non-existence of topologically mixing n -expansive homeomorphisms that are not expansive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malaysia is rich with 19 moribund languages spoken by minority people in Malaysia, who are known as Orang Asli. One of these moribund languages that is on the verge of extinction is the Mendriq language. Mendriq is a language which is spoken by Orang Asli Mendriq in Kuala Lah, Gua Musang, Kelantan. It is spoken by 245 people in three villages namely kampung Kuala Lah, Kampung Baru and Kampung Kuala Stail. This paper analyzes transitive and intransitive verb phrases in Mendriq. Primary data of Mendriq is obtained through fieldwork that was funded by a research grant UKM-GUP-PLW-08-11-047. The data that was collected involved field work which utilized interview techniques. The composition of the data collected through the field work was sorted out with the help of a Mendriq translator. The analysis on the verb phrases involved descriptive and theoretical analyses. The descriptive analysis on its simple sentences indicates Mendriq has transitive and intransitive verbs. Transitive verbs indicate two arguments namely internal and external arguments. Intransitive verbs on the other hand, are divided into two types which are unaccusative and unergative verbs. Intransitive verb which implies external argument is known as an unergative verb, while intransitive verb that only indicates internal argument is known as an unaccusative verb. While, the theoretical analysis using the Minimalist framework displays that the features checking involves the left pheriphery of the syntactic structure in Mendriq simple sentences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we show the followings: (i) If a volume preserving diffeomorphism f belongs to the C¹-interior of the set of all volume preserving diffeomorphims having the ergodic shadowing property then it is transitive Anosov. Moreover, (ii) if a C¹-generic volume-preserving diffeomorphism f has the ergodic shadowing property then it is transitive Anosov. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We prove that the spaces ℓ p , 1 < p < ∞ , p ≠ 2 , and all infinite-dimensional subspaces of their quotient spaces do not admit equivalent almost transitive renormings. This is a step towards the solution of the Banach–Mazur rotation problem, which asks whether a separable Banach space with a transitive norm has to be isometric or isomorphic to a Hilbert space. We obtain this as a consequence of a new property of almost transitive spaces with a Schauder basis, namely we prove that in such spaces the unit vector basis of ℓ 2 2 belongs to the two-dimensional asymptotic structure and we obtain some information about the asymptotic structure in higher dimensions. Further, we prove that the spaces ℓ p , 1 < p < ∞ , p ≠ 2 , have continuum different renormings with 1-unconditional bases each with a different maximal isometry group, and that every symmetric space other than ℓ 2 has at least a countable number of such renormings. On the other hand we show that the spaces ℓ p , 1 < p < ∞ , p ≠ 2 , have continuum different renormings each with an isometry group which is not contained in any maximal bounded subgroup of the group of isomorphisms of ℓ p . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Dictionary of Semantic Equivalents in Polish, Bulgarian and Russian that we (Wojciech Sosnowski, Violetta Koseska-Toszewa and Anna Kisiel) are currently developing has no precedent as far as its theoretical foundations and its structure are concerned. The dictionary offers a unique combination of three Slavic languages that belong to three different groups: a West Slavic language (Polish), a South Slavic language (Bulgarian) and an East Slavic language (Russian). The dictionary describes semantic and syntactic equivalents of words between the languages. When completed, the dictionary will contain around 15,000 entries. The principle we build the dictionary on is that every language should be given equal status. Many of our data come from the Parallel Polish-Bulgarian-Russian corpus developed by us as part of the CLARIN-PL initiative. In the print version, the entries come in the order of the Cyrillic alphabet and they are not numbered (except for homonyms, which are disambiguated with Roman numbers). We selected the lemmas for the dictionary on the basis of their frequency in the corpus. Our dictionary is the first dictionary to include forms of address and most recent neologisms in the three languages. FAITHFUL TO THE RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN CONTRASTIVE LINGUISTICS, WE BEGIN WITH A FORM FROM THE DICTIONARY'S PRIMARY LANGUAGE AND WE DEFINE IT IN POLISH. SUBSEQUENTLY, BASED ON THIS DEFINITION, WE TRY TO FIND AN EQUIVALENT IN THE SECOND AND THE THIRD LANGUAGE. Therefore, the meaning comes first and only then we look for the form (i.e. the equivalent) that corresponds to this meaning. This principle, outlined in Gramatyka konfrontatywna jezyków polskiego i bułgarskiego (GKBP), allows us to treat data from multiple languages as equal. In the dictionary, we draw attention to the correct choice of equivalents in translation; we also provide categorisers that indicate the meaning of verbal tenses and aspects. The definitions of states, events and their different configurations follow those outlined in the net model of verbal tense and aspect. The transitive vs. intransitive categorisers are vital for the languages in question, since they belong to two different types: synthetic (Polish and Russian) and analytic (Bulgarian). We predict that the equal status of every language in the dictionary will facilitate easier and faster development of an electronic version in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we consider the set of diffeomorphisms which are measure-expansive for any ergodic measure, and study the set from the viewpoint of geometric theory of dynamical systems. It is proved that (1) there exists a non-emptyC1-open set of robustly non-hyperbolic and transitive diffeomorphisms such that each element of the set is measure-expansive for any ergodic measure, and that (2)C1-generically, a diffeomorphism is measure-expansive for any generic ergodic measure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research has suggested that languages differ in terms of how much prominence is given to the agent. Namely, English prefers to give prominence to a human agent, whereas Japanese prefers to suppress the human agent and express events as if they happen spontaneously (e.g., Ikegami 1981). By using a Japanese novel and its English translation as a parallel corpus, this paper shows quantitatively that Japanese uses more intransitive constructions than English. Using Hopper & Thompson's (1980) parameters to measure semantic transitivity, this paper also shows that the difference in intransitive constructions was only observed in low semantic transitivity events, whereas both languages exhibit similar trends for high semantic transitivity events. An analysis under the framework of Construction Grammar suggests that the Japanese intransitive construction covers a space in a semantic map which would be occupied by the transitive and adjectival constructions in English. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the finite solvable groups G whose cyclic p-subgroups of the same order are conjugate in G whenever p is a prime number dividing the order of G. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We prove that C¹-generically, continuum-wise expansive diffeomorphisms satisfy both Axiom A and the no-cycle condition. Moreover, (i) if a volume-preserving diffeomorphism belongs to the C¹-interior of the set of all continuum-wise expansive volume-preserving diffeomorphisms then it is Anosov, and (ii) C¹-generically, every continuum-wise expansive volume-preserving diffeomorphism is transitive Anosov. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An introduction to the journal is presented in which the authors discuss various articles within the issue on topics including mechanisms of the emergence of labile verbs, syncretism or grammatical homonymy, and relationship between grammatical characteristics of a form and its lability.

A causative verb is likely to appear in a sentence with two noun arguments, whereas a noncausative verb tends to appear in a sentence with a single argument. The present research investigates from what point children learning Chinese begin to show this knowledge of argument structure. Two-, 3-, 4-, and 5-year-old children were tested using a forced-choice pointing task. The results showed that Chinese-speaking children aged 2 years could associate a transitive construction with a causative event, whereas they were not able to map an intransitive construction to a noncausative event even after reaching 5 years of age. The reason why Chinese children have such difficulty in learning knowledge of intransitive construction is discussed, focusing on (a) the semantic properties of certain intransitive verbs, which have been found not only in Chinese but also in other languages, and (b) the ellipsis of arguments, which is characteristic of Chinese. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the reflexivity and transitivity of a double triangle lattice of subspaces in a Hilbert space. We show that the double triangle lattice is neither reflexive nor transitive when some invertibility condition is satisfied (by the restriction of a projection under another). In this case, we show that the reflexive lattice determined by the double triangle lattice contains infinitely many projections, which partially answers a problem of Halmos on small lattices of subspaces in Hilbert spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

It is known that if a closed invariant set Λ of a diffeomorphism f of a compact smooth manifold M is hyperbolic then f has the pseudo orbit tracing property. For a weak notion of hyperbolicity, in [4] if a transitive set of a diffeomorphism f of the three dimensional manifold M has a partially hyperbolic structure then f does not have the pseudo orbit tracing property. From the results, we consider a compact smooth manifold M which the dimension is greater than three. It is a general version of the three dimensional manifold M. More detail, we show that if a transitive diffeomorphism f of a compact smooth manifold M is partially hyperbolic, then f does not have the pseudo orbit tracing property. Moreover, if f is partially hyperbolic on M then f does not have the asymtotic and the ergodic pseudo orbit tracing properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Topological groupoids admit various types of morphisms. We push these notions to the level of continuous groupoid actions to obtain various types of groupoid action morphisms. Some dynamical properties and their relation to these morphisms are studied. Among them are recurrence, various forms of transitivity, minimality, limit, recurrent, periodic and almost periodic points. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Schizophrenia patients frequently present with subtle motor impairments, including higher order motor function such as hand gesture performance. Using cut off scores from a standardized gesture test, we previously reported gesture deficits in 40% of schizophrenia patients irrespective of the gesture content. However, these findings were based on normative data from an older control group. Hence, we now aimed at determining cut-off scores in an age and gender matched control group. Furthermore, we wanted to explore whether gesture categories are differentially affected in Schizophrenia. Gesture performance data of 30 schizophrenia patients and data from 30 matched controls were compared. Categories included meaningless, intransitive (communicative) and transitive (object related) hand gestures, which were either imitated or pantomimed, i.e. produced on verbal command. Cut-off scores of the age matched control group were higher than the previous cut-off scores in an older control group. An ANOVA tested effects of group, domain (imitation or pantomime), and semantic category (meaningless, transitive or intransitive), as well as their interaction. According to the new cut-off scores, 67% of the schizophrenia patients demonstrated gestural deficits. Patients performed worse in all gesture categories, however meaningless gestures on verbal command were particularly impaired (p=0.008). This category correlated with poor frontal lobe function (p<0.001). In conclusion, gestural deficits in schizophrenia are even more frequent than previously reported. Gesture categories that pose higher demands on planning and selection such as pantomime of meaningless gestures are predominantly affected and associated with the well-known frontal lobe dysfunction. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

DEAF LEARNERS' ACQUISITION of fundamental lexical properties of high-frequency English verbs related to transitivity and intransitivity was examined, including the subtle distinction between unergative and unaccusative verbs. A 140-item sentence acceptability rating scale was used to assess this lexical knowledge in deaf college students at two English proficiency levels, plus a control group of hearing native English speakers. Hypotheses addressed the influence of relative derivational complexity and overall English proficiency on verb acquisition. Though the hearing group showed greater accuracy in sentence acceptability judgments and greater accuracy tied to overall English proficiency, the two deaf groups displayed fairly robust knowledge of targeted verbs' fundamental transitive and intransitive lexical properties. Nevertheless, verb acquisition remains a formidable challenge. Further research should assess deaf students' knowledge of these lexical properties in lower-frequency English verbs, including unaccusative verbs prevalent in STEM (science, technology, engineering, mathematics) and other academic discourse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A tournament is a complete graph with its edges directed, and colouring a tournament means partitioning its vertex set into transitive subtournaments. For some tournaments H there exists c such that every tournament not containing H as a subtournament has chromatic number at most c (we call such a tournament H a hero); for instance, all tournaments with at most four vertices are heroes. In this paper we explicitly describe all heroes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Let f be a diffeomorphism of a closed C ∞ manifold M, and let Λ ⊂ M be a closed f-invariant set. We show that if f |Λ is robustly chain transitive with orbital shadowing property, then Λ is a basic set. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this paper we introduce the notion of (regular) congruence relations on CI- algebras and we construct quotient algebra ( X/ϑF ; *, F1) via a closed filter F of X. Moreover, we show that there exists a bijection from the set of all filters containing filter G to the set of all filters of X/G . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: We show that for a monotone dendrite map , any ω-limit set is either finite or a minimal Cantor set. We also prove that where , , and denote the sets of periodic points, uniformly recurrent points, recurrent points and the union of all ω-limit sets respectively. Moreover, we prove that the following properties are equivalent: (i) , (ii) and (iii) . [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article focuses on a study aimed at disclosing the neural correlates of planning and executing tool use pantomimes as well as examines the response of the brain to pantomiming the use of unfamiliar tools. It cites the noticeable similarity in brain activation during these pantomimes for both tools. It offers an analysis of the pattern of activation linked with the planning and execution of familiar tools compared to that of goal-directed and transitive but nontool gestures. Activation in many other frontal regions is also identified.

The development of abstract schemas and productive rules in language is affected by both token and type frequencies. High token frequencies and surface similarities help to discover formal and functional commonalities between utterances and categorize them as instances of the same schema. High type frequencies and diversity help to develop slots in these schemas, which allow the production and comprehension of novel utterances. In the current study we looked at both token and type frequencies in two related constructions in German child-directed speech: simple transitive and complement-clause constructions. Both constructions contain high frequency verbs, which potentially support the development of verb-specific schemas. However, only the frequent verbs in the transitive constructions occur with a variety of subject types, which also supports the development of a slot in the subject position. We then used an elicited production task to compare 4- and 5-year-old German-speaking children's productivity with simple transitive constructions and complement-clause constructions. The children were prompted to change the subjects of high and low frequency simple transitive verbs, such as essen ''eat'' and naschen ''nibble'', mental-state complement-taking verbs, such as denken ''think'' and vermuten ''presume'', and communication complement-taking verbs, such as sagen ''say'' and berichten ''report''. In accordance with earlier findings, children had less difficulty producing new utterances with high frequency transitive verbs than with low frequency transitive verbs. For the other verb classes, however, we found either reverse frequency effects or no frequency effects. For these verb classes, children's productivity can be determined by diversity rather than simple token frequency. We discuss how token frequency interacts with diversity, discourse function, semantic complexity, and syntactic complexity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whilst certain verbs may appear in both the intransitive inchoative and the transitive causative constructions ( The ball rolled/The man rolled the ball), others may appear in only the former ( The man laughed/*The joke laughed the man). Some accounts argue that children acquire these restrictions using only (or mainly) statistical learning mechanisms such as entrenchment and pre-emption. Others have argued that verb semantics are also important. To test these competing accounts, adults (Experiment 1) and children aged 5--6 and 9--10 (Experiment 2) were taught novel verbs designed to be construed -- on the basis of their semantics -- as either intransitive-only or alternating. In support of the latter claim, participants' grammaticality judgments revealed that even the youngest group respected these semantic constraints. Frequency (entrenchment) effects were observed for familiar, but not novel, verbs (Experiment 1). We interpret these findings in the light of a new theoretical account designed to yield effects of both verb semantics and entrenchment/pre-emption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the paper we present a construction of a one-sided cellular automaton over four elementary alphabet with radius 1 and prove that it is chaotic in the Devaney sense, has a positive topological entropy equal to log 2 > 0 and it is not E-chaotic and not injective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although the efficacy of treatments for spoken verb and sentence production deficits in aphasia has been documented widely, less is known about interventions for written verb and written sentence production deficits. Aims: This study documents a treatment aiming to improve production of (a) written subject-verb sentences (involving intransitive verbs) and (b) written subject-verb-object sentences (involving transitive verbs). Methods & Procedures: The participant, a 63-year-old female aphasic speaker, had a marked language comprehension deficit, apraxia of speech, relatively good spelling abilities, and no hemiplegia. The treatment involved intransitive verbs producing subject-verb active sentences and transitive verbs producing subject-verb-object active non-reversible sentences. The treatment was undertaken in the context of current UK clinical practice. Outcomes & Results: Statistical improvements were noted for the trained sets of verbs and sentences. Other improvements were also noted in LW's ability to retrieve some non-treated verbs and construct written sentences. Treatment did not generalise to sentence comprehension and letter spelling to dictation. Conclusions: Our participant's ability to write verbs and sentences improved as a result of the treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cognitive changes have been reported during healthy ageing, but there have been no investigations of older people's knowledge of transitive and intransitive forelimb postures and movements. A total of 18 healthy elderly participants in two age groups, old (66-76 years) and older (77-88 years), all of whom performed normally on the Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) and Boston Naming Test (BNT), performed a transitive and intransitive gesture postural discrimination test. Whereas there were no significant differences between the two groups in education or performance on the MMSE and BNT, the older group performed significantly worse on both transitive and intransitive posture recognition with more errors in the recognition of transitive than in the recognition of intransitive postures. However, the recognition of both transitive and intransitive declined with age at a similar rate. These results support the hypothesis that, with ageing, there is a decrement in the brain systems important in the recognition of transitive and intransitive posture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present paper we study the concept of Pareto optimality alternatives in finite set of alternatives at decision making in a group with finitely many individuals. It is considered the preference relations of the individuals and three versions of the Pareto optimality alternatives - weak, strong and full. It is proved that the sets of the strong and full optimality alternative are nonempty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: It is shown that if X is a convex-transitive Banach space and , then and are convex-transitive. Here is the closed linear span of the simple functions in the Bochner space . If H is an infinite-dimensional Hilbert space and is convex-transitive, then is convex-transitive. Some new fairly concrete examples of convex-transitive spaces are provided. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Classifying objects needs permutation groups in mathematics. Similarly, consideration should be also done for actions of multi-groups, i.e., permutation multi-groups. In this paper, we consider the action of multi-groups on a finite multi-set, its orbits, multi-transitive, primitive, etc. By choosing an element p in or not in a permutation group Γ, define a new operation Op enables us to finding permutation multi-groups. Considering such permutation multi-groups, some interesting results in finite permutation groups are generalized to permutation multi-groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A group G is said to be a T-group (resp. PT-group, PST-group), if normality (resp. permutability, S-permutability) is a transitive relation. In this paper, we get the characterization of finite solvable PST-groups. We also give a new characterization of finite solvable PT-groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the evolution of languages, some changes may lack functional explanations of their own and instead be mechanically triggered by changes occurring in other areas of the grammar. This paper illustrates the necessity to consider indirect explanations of typological regularities on the basis of examples taken from alignment typology, namely: a) in predominantly ergative languages, intransitive constructions with accusative alignment may develop as a result of the coalescence of light verb compounds; b) in predominantly ergative languages as well as in predominantly accusative languages, constructions deviating from the dominant alignment type may originate from elliptical variants of transitive constructions; and c) alignment changes (both from accusative to ergative, and from ergative to accusative) may occur as a consequence of the grammaticalization of TAM periphrases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]