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We present a thematic review and analysis of the variables affecting language learning motivation (LLM) (2008–2022). The second-language motivational self-system (L2MSS) model was found to be the most applied construct in measuring LLM. Complex systems theory was also another method gaining prominence in LLM research to explain the interactions between micro- and macro-structures surrounding the learner in influencing motivation. Other factors such as socioeconomic status, dialogism and anagnorisis were also identified as variables relating to LLM. For instance, research on dialogism and dialogue has indicated the role of conversation in shaping identity, motivation, and meaning for learners. However, our review found that much of the focus in LLM research has been on the L2MSS learning or teaching experience, while daily living has been largely neglected. We further conducted a reliability generalization meta-analysis. Our analysis found an average reliability of 0.84 (CI = 0.816–0.856), with 34% of reliability coefficients falling below the lower bound of CI. A meta-regression analysis revealed that 16% of the variance in the reliability coefficients was predicted by the number of items in the instruments. Questionnaires with an internal consistency below the lower bound of 0.816 had an average of 4.14 items, while the rest had an average of 5.71 items. We further found significant publication bias. Based on our findings, we suggest areas for future research in LLM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Communication disorders in children are multifaceted and often difficult to diagnose accurately due to their complex nature. The Children’s Communication Checklist (CCC) is a widely used diagnostic instrument for identifying and diagnosing children with and without communication disorders. This review aimed to conduct a thematic examination of existing literature that applies the CCC and CCC-2 in the diagnosis of communication disorders. It sought to explore the nuances of CCC’s deployment, its diagnostic traits, and its capability to accurately distinguish individuals with or without communication disorders. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases, yielding studies that apply the CCC and CCC-2 in diagnosing communication disorders. The 39 selected studies were subjected to a thematic analysis to identify patterns and themes concerning the use of CCC in diagnosing communication disorders. The review identified seven major themes related to the use of the CCC, such as the evolution and development of the CCC, its application and effectiveness, limitations and strengths, use in specific populations, translation and adaptation, use in different formats, and role in identifying pragmatic language impairments (PLIs). The CCC and CCC-2 have proven invaluable in assessing and diagnosing communication disorders in children. Despite some limitations, their strengths, including their versatility across diverse populations, languages, and contexts, and their ability to identify PLIs, make them effective tools in the field of pediatric communication disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT) has paved the way for the development of smart systems, with Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) serving as the underlying infrastructure. While it exists in a miniature form, IoT-based WSN today stands as the revolution of the future, promising tremendous influence on society. However, the limited resources of these networks pose various challenges, particularly in routing, with congestion being a significant issue that affects their efficiency. Although previous studies are available on congestion management in WSNs, research specifically focused on IoT-based WSNs and addressing the root causes of congestion is none. In order to address this gap, this article conducts a thematic review of the current literature to identify congestion management strategies and forecast future trends. The search identified 86 studies, among which 47 articles were analyzed. The six final themes were discovered: artificial intelligence approach, customized classical method, hybrid approach, cross-layering approach, SDN-based approach, and RPL routing advancement. The findings establish a comprehensive taxonomy model as a conceptual framework for future research in congestion management strategies for IoT-based WSNs routing. This taxonomy aids academic researchers as well as industrial practitioners and highlights crucial areas for future research on congestion issues from the perspective of Industry 4.0. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) has evolved since its inception and has contributed mainly to multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) to solve complex problems. It is a widespread technique that uses group decision-making approach to solve problems in business operations, mathematics, and numerous other scientific fields. While its applications are numerous, a handful of researchers have studied the growth trajectory of AHP. Whilst these seminal works have discussed the evolution of AHP in different contexts and using contemporary techniques, we complement them by presenting and reflecting on the unchartered and pressing need of charting the managerial and theoretical evolution of AHP, over the last decade. We do this through a systematic and thematic review of the extant literature. This study uses the Scopus database to extract papers published between 2012 and 2021 in decision science with an overlap with operations research and information systems. The study follows Tranfield et al. (2003)'s guidelines to understand the past trends of AHP along three key dimensions and offers future directions. The study also showcases key trends using historiography and uses data visualization techniques to understand the use of AHP with other MCDM techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this research was to analyze academic anxiety studies in the literature using the thematic review method and to determine the current trend in this field. In the research, a meta-synthesis study was carried out including 61 studies, 3 of which were theses and 58 were articles, published between 1981-2021. The studies used in the research were accessed in Dissertations and Theses Global-Proquest, Eric-EBSCOhost, MEDLINE, Science Direct, Scopus, SpringerLink, Taylor and Francis Online, Wiley, ULAKBIM, YÖK Thesis Center and Google Scholar databases. Published articles or theses about determining the nature of academic anxiety in the literature were included in the study. In the examined studies, the relationship of academic anxiety with more than one variable was investigated and it was determined that most studies focused on examining the differences based on demographic variables. The survey model was the most frequently chosen research method, and qualitative research methods were not sufficiently used. The studies examined were carried out mostly by using the questionnaire method in high school level age groups and sample groups of 101-300 people. Therefore, in order to carry out new studies with larger working groups, to examine the academic anxiety of students at higher education level and to carry out reviews, scale development or adaptation studies for higher education students are needed. In addition, there was a limited number of experimental studies conducted about reducing student academic anxiety. Survey and relational based quantitative research needs to be supported by experimental methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The usage and values of cannabis, or cannabis for medicinal purposes, have been historically recognised since ancient times. Evidence from clinical research demonstrated the therapeutic advantages of cannabis in an extensively wide area of medicinal aspects. Resultantly, many nations have decided to legalise the medicinal use of cannabis. Despite the international recognition of medical cannabis, Malaysia maintains the status quo of cannabis prohibition as a highly addictive drug with no medicinal value. The Malaysian government argues that the harmful effects of medical cannabis legalisation outweigh the benefits. No review paper has discussed the current research patterns on the impact of medical cannabis legalisation, while thematic review studies on this issue are limited. Therefore, this article synthesised literature from 2017 to 2021 to identify research patterns and recent academic discussions on the impact of medical cannabis legalisation. A keyword search and screening process utilising Scopus and Web of Science (WoS) databases inclusion criteria yielded 718 peer-reviewed academic journal articles. Nonetheless, only 72 articles were selected for final evaluation following the exclusion and inclusion process. The thematic review of the 72 publications identified 19 preliminary codes on the impact of medical cannabis legalisation. The ATLAS.ti 9 software was utilised to conduct the theme analysis review of the selected articles. The quantitative results presented the research patterns of the impact of medical cannabis legalisation. Additionally, the qualitative analysis generated five main themes developed in the literature on the impact of medical cannabis legalisation, namely (1) impact on health, (2) impact on policy, (3) impact on society, (4) impact on health system, and (5) impact on criminal activities. The findings will benefit future studies on implementing medical cannabis law (MCL) in Malaysia. Unfortunately, this study is limited to Scopus and WoS databases, and the impact of recreational cannabis legalisation is not included. The findings may benefit future research on medical cannabis legalisation and the suitable regulatory framework of medical cannabis policy for Malaysia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The term 'adaptation' is commonplace in conservation research and practice, but often without a reflection on the assumptions, expectations, or frames of reference used to define goals and actions. Communities of practice (e.g. conservation researchers, protected areas managers) have different interpretations of climate change impacts on biodiversity and different ways of defining, operationalizing and implementing adaptation. Their cognitive and motivational expectations for the future are associated with different paths to reach such desired futures. To understand how adaptation is framed in conservation, we undertook a systematic review with a thematic synthesis of the definitions of the term as used in the academic conservation literature. From a sample of 150 articles, only 36 provided a definition of adaptation. We critically appraised the explicit definitions to identify emergent themes that represent particular adaptation approaches. Themes were then grouped, and each group was assigned to a scholarly tradition, onto-epistemological approach and theoretical perspective. Based on theoretical perspectives on social change, we propose a framework (including individual cognitive basis, social interactions, and openness to alternatives) to analyse how change is framed in the definitions and how the framings influence adaptation options. The grouped themes represent passive, active, or indirect adaptation approaches. We used these themes to generate a conceptual model to guide conservation researchers and practitioners engaged in climate adaptation research, policy and management to aid reflection and understanding of the options available to design adaptation agendas and allow negotiation of diverse interests, views and expectations about the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital Storytelling (DST) is defined as telling stories using digital means. It has been initially applied for diverse purposes, including in community development, therapeutic benefits, and as an aid in teaching and learning. DST has recently been broadly used on social media platforms for marketing, running campaigns, journalism, and much more. However, no comprehensive systematic or thematic review of DST in social media has been conducted. Accordingly, this paper aims to provide a thematic review of DST in social media. The thematic review was carried out on 50 articles published from 2016 to 2021. These 50 discrete studies were selected because they met the inclusion criteria based on the research question of this review. The thematic review used ATLAS.ti as a tool to assist the review process. The results indicated that DST in social media was appropriate for marketing, including branding and advertising. Besides, using DST in social media over the years for education, training, professional development, community development and services, running campaigns, and therapy has significantly impacted these areas. Across the research articles, including case studies and essays, authors have reported several benefits of using DST in social media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While abundant research has investigated the teaching and learning of English as a foreign language (EFL) writing in college contexts, there has been little examination of writing in primary and secondary school settings. It is important to understand the writing literacy development of young EFL learners and to explore instruction that supports their growth as writers. For research and pedagogical purposes, we conducted a review of 136 studies of EFL writing in primary and secondary school contexts from 2012 to 2019 concerning three themes: (1) contexts and participants, (2) research foci and theoretical orientations, and (3) research methodology and data sources. The findings offer a broad picture of the scholarship on EFL writing in school contexts over the last eight years and suggest future directions for researching and teaching EFL writing in primary and secondary school contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Throttle body (TB) role in regulating air for internal combustion engine (ICE) is crucial and proven beneficiary for ICE performance. Researchers have shown interest in the study of TB which is reflected by the numbers of publication on TB. Between 2011 and 2021, seven review articles with keyword "throttle body" were published in Science Direct investigating on alternative fuel, enhancement on fuel injection technology and control system. Despite the reviews highlighted above, there remains a paucity of review on TB design. Therefore, this study gathered literatures from year 2011 to 2021, focusing on Scopus and Science Direct databases to investigate and analyse numbers of publications relating to TB design. Out of 186 publications found, only 49 articles were chosen after the inclusion and exclusion process. The findings highlighted six themes or patterns in research of TB design which are categorize as airflow study, control system design, design process study, manufacturing / production, new approach TB, and performance study. The results will benefit TB designers and provide guidelines towards a better contribution to the body of knowledge for future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Purpose: The Integrated Reporting framework as emphasised by The International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC) in 2013 (revised 2021), was accepted as one of the mechanisms nationwide to enhance public accountability. However, far fewer studies examined the intersection of the Integrated Reporting (IR) framework and the public sector. Addressing the gap, reviews of the literature were presented synthesising the adoption of the IR framework across public administration. Methodology: By drawing upon SCOPUS, Science Direct and Mendeley databases were employed to generate academic literature beginning in 2011 through 2020. Following the inclusion and exclusion processes, 23 articles were selected and analysed by using ATLAS.ti 8. Findings: The findings of the review were discussed qualitatively and quantitatively. Particular discerning were the qualitative findings; the findings outlined insights into key developments on the IR framework across the following groups, namely, 'Fundamental Concepts', 'Guiding Principles', and 'Content Elements'. Key aspects of challenges concerning the adoption of existing frameworks in public administration were discussed. Contributions: Future research might better consider developing a more appropriate IR framework for public administration, a framework that integrates policy and practice. By focusing on the academic literature emphasising the IR framework, academics, regulators, and reporting organisations could formulate appropriate strategies for public administration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global pandemic caused by the COVID-19 virus has had a disruptive and profound impact on English-language teaching. To reduce the spread of the virus, teachers and learners had to suspend in-person teaching and learning. This led to the widespread adoption of synchronous and asynchronous online teaching. Obviously, this period has led to immense challenges for teachers and students alike, but it has also provided a unique opportunity to understand the potential affordances of online teaching in English-language teaching. This study, a systematic thematic review of empirical studies pertaining to English-language teaching and the COVID-19 pandemic, identifies and analyses the key knowledge generated by the English-language-teaching community during the pandemic. It ends with a discussion of the lessons learned from the pandemic and suggests potential areas for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For over 25 years, the Journal of Marketing Channels was a hub for marketing channel research. Today, over 4,000 citations of the JMC's exist in periodicals and publications from the field of marketing and beyond. In this work, we conduct a citation analysis of the most cited articles published in JMC and how the topics they reflect have changed throughout the years of the journal's existence. We then thematically review the areas in which the journal has had the greatest influence, drawing both from specific works as well as the overall trends in research appearing in JMC since its inception. We then determine how some of the overall trends can guide researchers as they begin the transition into inter-organizational research. Five major themes have been identified including franchising, multichannel marketing, supply chain management, online environment, and international channels. Major obstacles in marketing channels have been addressed in this analysis. We conclude with a look toward shaping our understanding of various inter-organizational research in marketing channels and directions for future research in the inter-organizational behavior of these channels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the absence of health law policies focused on perinatal depression (PND) in India, it has primarily remained a biomedical research matter instead of being understood from the human rights perspective. Also, the interplay between PND and the Indian justice delivery system remains unexplored. Hence, it is imperative to understand the medico-legal milieu of PND through the lens of judicial interface with the facet of PND. Most popular Indian electronic legal databases were used to identify the judgments pronounced by the Indian Courts where the PND quotient was involved. The text of the resultant judgments was individually read to evaluate if if the subject claim were affected by PND quotient to fit the inclusion criteria. Using the inductive and latent thematic approach, the different emergent themes from the subject claims of every single judgment were used for developing codes. Myriad themes emerged out of the analysis, which helped identify how PND vastly impacts the justice delivery system in varied types of cases in India. Obliviousness and lack of awareness in Indian judiciary regarding PND, and its consequences was largely observed. Human rights violations were discerned owing to absence of perinatal mental health (PMH) services. This policy gap, in turn, results in absence of data regarding women affected by PND and about administered treatment (if any) for managing PND, and reduced empathy by the law enforcement agencies. The resultant themes depict the urgent and multidimensional benefits of introducing policies for PMH services, which will help create awareness about the human rights dimension of PND amongst the law enforcement agencies including the Indian judiciary, and police. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Department of Psychological Counseling and Guidance has become one of the most popular departments in the field of educational sciences in Turkey in recent years. When one looks at the Psychological Counseling and Guidance's nearly sixty-year history in our country, it is possible to say that the field is gaining more prominence every day. The purpose of this study is to examine the thematic and methodological aspects of applied postgraduate theses on Psychological Counseling and Guidance. The study was carried out on the basis of 268 applied postgraduate theses published by the Council of Higher Education's National Thesis Center and publicly available. For the thematic and methodological examination of the theses, a thesis examination form developed by the researchers was used. Categorical analysis and frequency analysis techniques were used for the analysis of the data. A general review of the theses revealed that the number of applied theses has been increasing since 2003 and that most of the theses are being published by Ankara University and Dokuz Eylül University, with thesis supervisors at professor level preferring applied theses more. When the theses were examined thematically, it was found that within 268 theses, 103 subjects were studied. Approximately 10% of the theses were found to focus on "family, marriage, family education". This was followed by "communication, empathy and social skills", "peer mediation, conflict resolution" and "career guidance and career counseling" respectively. When the theses were examined from a methodical point of view, it was found that the experimental model with pre-test post-test control group is most common, that individuals have been assigned to experimental and control groups through neutral assignments, and that most of the research has been conducted with secondary school, high school and undergraduate students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presented is a thematic review of animal tinnitus models from a functional perspective. Chronic tinnitus is a persistent subjective sound sensation, emergent typically after hearing loss. Although the sensation is experientially simple, it appears to have central a nervous system substrate of unexpected complexity that includes areas outside of those classically defined as auditory. Over the past 27 years animal models have significantly contributed to understanding tinnitus' complex neurophysiology. In that time, a diversity of models have been developed, each with its own strengths and limitations. None has clearly become a standard. Animal models trace their origin to the 1988 experiments of Jastreboff and colleagues. All subsequent models derive some of their features from those experiments. Common features include behavior-dependent psychophysical determination, acoustic conditions that contrast objective sound and silence, and inclusion of at least one normal-hearing control group. In the present review, animal models have been categorized as either interrogative or reflexive. Interrogative models use emitted behavior under voluntary control to indicate hearing. An example would be pressing a lever to obtain food in the presence of a particular sound. In this type of model animals are interrogated about their auditory sensations, analogous to asking a patient, “What do you hear?” These models require at least some training and motivation management, and reflect the perception of tinnitus. Reflexive models, in contrast, employ acoustic modulation of an auditory reflex, such as the acoustic startle response. An unexpected loud sound will elicit a reflexive motor response from many species, including humans. Although involuntary, acoustic startle can be modified by a lower-level preceding event, including a silent sound gap. Sound-gap modulation of acoustic startle appears to discriminate tinnitus in animals as well as humans, and requires no training or motivational manipulation, but its sensitivity, reliability, mechanism, and optimal implementation are incompletely understood. While to date animal models have significantly expanded the neuroscience of tinnitus, they have been limited to examining sensory features. In the human condition, emotional and cognitive factors are also important. It is not clear that the emotional features of tinnitus can be further understood using animal models, but models may be applied to examine cognitive factors. A recently developed model is described that reveals an interaction between tinnitus and auditory attention. This research suggests that effective tinnitus therapy could rely on modifying attention to the sensation rather than modifying the sensation itself. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims. To identify the range of emotional labour employed by healthcare professionals in a healthcare setting and implications of this for staff and organisations. Background. In a healthcare setting, emotional labour is the act or skill involved in the caring role, in recognizing the emotions of others and in managing our own. Design. A thematic synthesis of qualitative studies which included emotion work theory in their design, employed qualitative methods and were situated in a healthcare setting. The reporting of the review was informed by the ENTREQ framework. Data sources. 6 databases were searched between 1979-2014. Review methods. Studies were included if they were qualitative, employed emotion work theory and were written in English. Papers were appraised and themes identified. Thirteen papers were included. Results. The reviewed studies identified four key themes: (1) The professionalization of emotion and gendered aspects of emotional labour; (2) Intrapersonal aspects of emotional labour - how healthcare workers manage their own emotions in the workplace; (3) Collegial and organisational sources of emotional labour; (4) Support and training needs of professionals Conclusion. This review identified gendered, personal, organisational, collegial and socio-cultural sources of and barriers to emotional labour in healthcare settings. The review highlights the importance of ensuring emotional labour is recognized and valued, ensuring support and supervision is in place to enable staff to cope with the varied emotional demands of their work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Turkey and many other countries, the importance of the interactive whiteboard (IWB) is increasing, and as a result, projects and studies are being conducted regarding the use of the IWB in classrooms. Accordingly, in these countries, many issues are being researched, such as the IWB's contribution to the education process, its use in classroom settings and problems that occur when using the IWB. In this context, the research and analysis of studies regarding the use of the IWB have important implications for educators, researchers and teachers. This study aims to review and analyze studies conducted regarding the use of the IWB in the field of science. Accordingly, as a thematic review of the research was deemed appropriate, extant articles available in the literature were analyzed using a matrix that consisted of general features (type of journal, year and demographic properties) and content features (rationales, aims, research methods, samples, data collections, results and suggestions). According to the findings, it was concluded that the studies regarding the use of IWBs were conducted due to deficiencies in the current literature. However, there are rare studies in which the reasons for the research were associated with the nature of science education. There were also studies that focused on the effects of the IWB on student academic success and learning outcomes. Within this context, it is evident that there is a need for further research concerning the use of IWBs in science education and for studies regarding the effect of IWBs on students' skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the ubiquity of social media in all aspects of daily life, research interest in the topic has been on the rise. Within the existing body of research on these tools, part of the literature focuses on the use of social technologies by employees. This article employs a systematic literature review methodology, with the objective of identifying the main methodologies and themes of research on employees' usage of social technologies. A total of 66 articles were included in this review, covering five major research themes, that is, legal aspects and policies, human resources management, knowledge management and sharing, learning, and communication. In terms of methodological choices, research on the use of social technologies by employees is found to be fragmented and in need of further quantitative studies, mixed-methods approaches, and theory-based research. Suggestions for future research are provided based on both thematic and methodological considerations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reports on the findings of a thematic review of research literature about integrated early years services (IEYS) [1995–2012]. Four themes are discussed: broad support for IEYS; critiques of claims about IEYS; a focus on inter-professional practice; and the challenge of evaluating IEYS. The article concludes with reflections concerning how the evidence base for IEYS could be strengthened. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Context-based chemistry education aims at making connections between real life and the scientific content of chemistry courses. The purpose of this study was to evaluate context-based chemistry studies. In looking for the context-based chemistry studies, the authors entered the keywords 'context-based', 'contextual learning' and 'chemistry education' in well-known databases (i.e. Academic Search Complete, Education Research Complete, ERIC, Springer LINK Contemporary). Further, in case the computer search by key words may have missed a rather substantial part of the important literature in the area, the authors also conducted a hand search of the related journals. To present a detailed thematic review of context-based chemistry studies, a matrix was used to summarize the findings by focusing on insights derived from the related studies. The matrix incorporates the following themes: needs, aims, methodologies, general knowledge claims, and implications for teaching and learning, implications for curriculum development and suggestions for future research. The general knowledge claims investigated in this paper were: (a) positive effects of the context-based chemistry studies; (b) caveats, both are examined in terms of students' attitudes and students' understanding/cognition. Implications were investigated for practice in context- based chemistry studies, for future research in context- based chemistry studies, and for curriculum developers in context- based chemistry studies. Teachers of context-based courses claimed that the application of the context-based learning approach in chemistry education improved students' motivation and interest in the subject. This seems to have generated an increase in the number of the students who wish to continue chemistry education at higher levels. However, despite the fact that the majority of the studies have reported advantages of context-based chemistry studies, some of them have also referred to pitfalls, i.e. dominant structure of out-of-school learning, tough nature of some chemistry topics, and teacher anxiety of lower-ability students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We, the Publisher of Journal of Marketing Channels, have retracted the following article: Zemanek Jr., J. E., Taylor, E. C., Tran, T. P., & Loomis, D. C. (2019). Two decades of the Journal of Marketing Channels: Impacting the present and directing the future of marketing channel research. Journal of Marketing Channels. Advance online publication. doi:10.1080/1046669X.2019.1647914 This article has been retracted as it was published in error by the publisher whilst still in the peer review process. The authors have been notified of the retraction. We have been informed in our decision-making by our policy on publishing ethics and integrity and the COPE guidelines on retractions. The retracted article will remain online to maintain the scholarly record, but it will be digitally watermarked on each page as "Retracted." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]