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Metropolitan planning has been a dominant trend in spatial development for decades. In this context, Functional Urban Areas (FUAs) have emerged as a concept to illustrate the economic interdependencies between an urban core and its hinterland, being typically determined by commuting patterns or accessibility criteria. In Romania, FUAs were defined for the county capitals (40 cities) as areas where urban development projects could be financed from regional development funds. This paper analyzes the territorial dynamics in one of Romania's fastest-growing functional urban areas, Cluj-Napoca, using a comparative analysis of satellite images and selected indicators. The results demonstrate the spatial impact of economic development in the past 20 years, revealing expanding boundaries of artificial surface and housing units in FUAs. Unfortunately, the current fragmented territorial configuration is unable to manage the new functional relationships generated by real estate dynamics. Therefore, we support the need to introduce a normative territorial plan at the intercommunity level to correlate the spatial development vision between the main city and its fast-growing suburban areas. Such an instrument will not only support an efficient land-use management and enhanced living conditions, but it will also provide a framework to systematically integrate territorial investments around major cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The frontier between Brazil and Venezuela is approximately 2,199 kilometers long. It has been the scene of marked tensions and migratory flows due to the Venezuelan crisis, especially centered between the cities of Pacaraima (in Brazil) and Santa Elena de Uairén (in Venezuela). This border passes through isolated and difficult-to-access areas, with little public service infrastructure and currently has only one land crossing point, between the cities of Pacaraima and Santa Elena de Uairén. In this context, the fundamental objective of this essay is to analyze the territorial dynamics between the two countries, in the period 2016 and 2021, seeking to emphasize, from the perspective of the frontier in motion, the main socioeconomic consequences generated by mobility in this part. of the Amazon. The methodology used is based on the review of reports from Brazilian government agencies and pre-existing bibliographies of related research in Venezuela-Brazil. The question of the border strip implies the (re)cognition of the diversity and interdependence of the challenges, potentials and specificities of the two regions. The results point out important challenges in integration, health and education due to migration, as well as the similarities and differences in the internal dynamics of these two important countries in the border area, mainly in stimulating the sustainable and integrated development of the borders, valuing their cultural, environmental and economic wealth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The implantation of multinational companies in specific points of the Brazilian territory intensified in the 1990s, causing changes in economic and social dynamics. The aim of this article was to analyze these changes in the municipality of Itatiaia (RJ), based on a survey of documents and data in public agencies for the period 1991-2019, and field research. Changes has observed with the installation of multinationals in the city, after the granting of tax exemptions to attract them, mainly in the economy and public accounts of the city, leading to the compromise of local development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Chuj people is a Mayan people with presence in Mexico and Guatemala, their contemporary history integrates different affronts to their cultural life and constant usurpations of their rights and territories. As a survival strategy, they have needed to move and integrate into hostile and adverse contexts as a means of physical and psychological resistance. Based on the historical reconstruction and collective memory of Chuj members, this article reconstructs and analyzes political, social and cultural components imbricated in three different historical moments in the southern Mexican border, with the objective of understanding and making visible the trajectory of the Chuj people in Mexico, their stories of resistance, reconstruction and hope in the face of multiple physical and epistemological displacements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article summarizes the research carried out on the construction process and the features of the landscape of the Pasiegos Mountains and Valleys as a model of cultural landscape and the convenience of valuing it as a resource and "brand image" for the sustainable development of the regional territory. For centuries, this territory has played a preponderant role in livestock farming, which has relegated other economic activities and forms of productive use of the territory to a very secondary role. Since the sixteenth century there was the implementation of a semi-intensive productive system that had a great transcendence in the modification of the organization of the pasiego territory: in a short time there were notable changes in the way of life of the population, in the forms of settlement, in the productive dedication of the lands of agrarian use and, consequently, in the modeling of the rural landscape, whose characteristic features have reached our days. In addition to other heritage resources, which can help mitigate the current decline of most of the pasiego county, the most valuable cultural asset, without a doubt, is the landscape heritage, an expression of the secular pasiego way of life, provided that its value will be socially recognized and properly preserved and protected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, is analyzed the distribution of cases COVID-19 in the territory of the province of Córdoba Argentina, between March and November 2020, in relation to the implemented policies of isolation and flexibility articulated with social practices that affect the circulation of the disease. In the province of Córdoba, the disease has followed a variable pattern in temporal terms, but with spatial similarities associated with territorial characteristics that act as conditioning factors and public policies restricting productive activities and mobility, which had an impact on the dynamics of the pandemic. The methodological design of spatial analysis was carried out from a geographic information system based on the use of free software (Qgis) that allowed working with the location of positive COVID cases, their temporality and at the same time associating that analysis with information qualitative and quantitative of the characteristics of the provincial territory (commercial areas, demographic situation, socio-economic characteristics of the population, institutions for the elderly, among others). The analysis carried out, accompanied by time-space cartography, made it possible to generate information for decision-making in the public sphere in real time, articulating geographic knowledge with epidemiology and statistics applied to health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article we seek to discuss elements that characterize and that go back to a reflection on the curriculum and/or curriculum strategies for Geography in countries of the Southern Cone, as well as highlighting the relationship between the curriculum and teacher training. The text is characterized by being a theoretical review associated with perceptions and debates arising from the academic trajectories of the authors of this article. We show that some curricular structures of Geography in the five countries of the Southern Cone (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay and Uruguay) are sometimes quite different, however, at other times, they are very close. We also emphasize that teacher training that allows knowing these different realities can be very promising and assist in solving teacher demands in schools, thus, we discuss teacher training as a point to be integrated among the countries of the Southern Cone. We conclude that thinking about curricular issues is central to contemporaneity, especially in the current context, marked by political, social and economic changes, so that the critical dimension of School Geography in the countries of the Southern Cone is not lost. In addition, we emphasize that the importance of the debate on teacher training for the issues that permeate the school curriculum, that is, it is not possible to think of a curriculum that falls short of teacher training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this article is to present the historical context whereupon the Ecological-Economic Zoning (ZEE) was instituted in Brazil, the legal frameworks that regulate it and its basic methodological guidelines. It is a basic and documentary research whose basic methodological guidelines started from the elaboration of the Ecological-Economic Zoning projects established by Federal Decree n° 4.297/2002. The work indicates that the ZEE Program in almost forty years has made small progress and not all units of the federation have carried out their projects. The few advances verified, however, confirm that the ZEE is an excellent territorial management instrument, current and relevant, been able to leverage other instruments for more sustainable territorial management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The jackal is included in the Canidae Gray, 1821 family, falling under the order Carnivora Bowdich 1821. It is an invasive species whose range has spread from the Balkan Peninsula to the North, in Romania. In the South-eastern part of Moldavia (Galați County) it arrived from the Southeast, as the first individuals came from Dobrogea. The area populated by the species continuously extended towards the North and then towards the Northwest. If 6 decades ago, when it was first spotted, the distribution area of the jackal was very small in the Southeast of the county, in 2005 it had already exceeded half of its territory, and today it is reported throughout most of the county. It is a harmful mammal, affecting both wild and domestic species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the period of the military dictatorship in Brazil, Amazon has become the focus through public and credit policies to privilege the interests of capital over traditional people (riverine people, fishermen, quilombolas, indigenous people), secular settled population, and other subjects (landless workers, those settled in agrarian reform projects). They are forcibly deterritorialized in this logic of integration of national and international capital in the exploration and production of commodities in this space. This paper aims to portray the recent perspective of the last two decades of territorialization process of international interest, with the inflow of large capital resources, such as mining and hydroelectric energy production. The methodology used was the case study, with interviews, documentary, and bibliography research. These enterprises, of great magnitude of socio-territorial transformations, tend to provoke a new process of deterritorialization of hundreds of families of rural workers, as in the case of those settled in agrarian reform projects, riverine people, quilombolas and indigenous people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to analyze the territorial dynamics linked to changes in land use in the lower Chilca river basin of the Lima region, from 1975 to 2018. The analysis was performed applying qualitative techniques such as interviews to depth, focus groups and timeline workshops with key informants, then it was contrasted with the results of the corresponding satellite image processing, in a GIS environment, according to the CORINE Land Cover model, European model of land cover. The results of the analysis of those 43 years, came to identify that the industrial and infrastructure and urbanized areas are those that have had a considerable expansion; while the coverage of areas without or with little vegetation and agricultural areas were those that have suffered the greatest reduction. This situation has generated a series of dynamics in the territory of the study area, which is manifested in evident processes of territorialization and de-territorialization of activities and socionatural processes such as the threat to the cultural heritage of Bandurria and the sunken farms, increased employment and social problems, among others. This situation is linked to processes of the growth of cities, in this case of the city of Lima. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the socio-environmental problem from Critical Geography, a necessary current in a context of socio-environmental crises that express the contradictions and limits of the capitalist system in Latin America and the world. From this position, the proposal is to introduce the subject considering the territoriality that the society-nature relationship contains. Emphasis is placed on the tendency, under the logic of the market economy, for socio-environmental conflicts to be triggered by social groups with environmental interests and other territorial organizations that fight for resources, nature, territories, and democracy. These social movements in their actions contribute to the knowledge of the cases in which they become involved and promote the installation on the public agenda of topics censored, unnoticed or misrepresented by the media and government agencies. The contribution of these lines is to review concepts, reinterpret them, rehearse working methods, and organize them for didactic purposes, in order to stimulate a critical awareness of the environmental and territorial in students at the educational levels in which Geography is taught. Throughout the article, different examples were used to clarify the proposed terms and method questions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work aimed to carry out a survey and classification about the uses and land cover in the territory of the fishing community of the São Pedro village in Jaramataia, Alagoas, using geoprocessing as a support. For this, the LANDSAT 8 image, scene 215/067, was used, which was processed using unsupervised and supervised algorithms using the Envi 5.3 software. For the unsupervised classification, the interpolation generated 7 classes that presented several data conflicts. For the supervised, eight classes were identified and characterized: steppe wooded savannas, secondary steppe savannas, seasonal wooded steppe, temporary crop or pasture, permanent crop, exposed soil, urban area and water bodies with emphasis on artisanal fishing. With that, it was observed that the area has a high degree of anthropization and the relevant patch of native vegetation is concentrated in the most accentuated elevation levels of the difficult to access relief. This study opens the possibility for the management of the territory based on the appropriation of information from the areas of use and coverage and the generation of public policies that promote local development based on sustainable actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we have carried out a diachronic analysis about land uses evolution in Oliva through a mixed method of research, based on photo-interpretation of aerial images (years 1956, 1991, 2015) using GIS techniques, on the one hand, and by means of a comprehensive bibliographic and field work, on the other hand. From this multimethod analysis, urban development and territorial dynamics are studied in a coastal paradigmatic municipality to explain the urbanistic development of the Valencian Mediterranean coast in the last decades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Fire scenarios are multiscale land-type planning units for a fire regime with different applications at national, regional, and local scales. The main aim of this research is to implement a methodology integrating landscape dynamics and wildfire risk from a context-specific approach, to identify current fire scenarios at a regional scale in the Spanish Central Mountain Range. These homogeneous areas are linked to different stages of a territorial dynamics model called wildfire generations and related to land use diversity and land management trends. A place-based methodology has been developed to characterize fire scenarios using Geographic Information Systems and statistical analysis, resulting in analytical and diagnostic mapping that can be used as a decision support tool for spatial planning and wildfire risk management. Its implementation has led to the delimitation of 91 discrete geographic units in the Central Mountain Range, classified according to wildfire generations and land use-land cover criteria. In conclusion, the fire scenarios concept is a potential approach to manage uncertainty by moving from the operational level of fire suppression to the strategic level of integrated fire management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flooding in the urban environment has long been a major concern for territorial actors as well as for the local population in the Great Nador region. It affects, in a recurring way, the main urban agglomerations and the peripheral zones which surround them. Due to high population growth, a trend towards urbanization and climate change, the causes of floods are changing, and their impacts are intensifying in this area. These phenomena constitute a major obstacle for development and threaten the populations, especially in the peripheral districts which are in rapid urban expansion. This article aims to analyze and inventory the economic, social and environmental consequences of the recent flood events in Nador, while explaining the elements of an integrated approach to flood risk management in urban areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Land use and land use changes as a result of agricultural production have always been a challenge in governance territorial development of rural areas as well as finding appropriate tools and instruments to model their socio-economic characteristics and effects on the environment and natural resources. The crucial role of applied farming practices in sustainable rural development defines the territorial dynamics which are considered as a result of locals‟ choices of activities. The aim of the paper is to present a model of the territorial dynamics on the case study based in Plovdiv region, considering the driving forces and the effects on the different actors with a focus on agricultural production, including ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Brazil, the municipal districts, especially its urban centers and villages, represents a reality that lacks proper studies that takes into account their internal relations and those established with other parts of the territory. The state of Goiás currently has 71 municipal districts, including the district of São João. Which was created in 1968, in the Goiás municipality, this district has its creation linked to the genesis and evolution of the homonymous village. The government played a key role in this process through, the implementation of a telegraph station, a school and a highway. Set in a regional network, position and function of the district translated its political and economic dependence in regards to Goiás county headquarters and the neighboring cities. The possibility of the understanding between the districts and villages in this sense points to the need to consider them in the context of a joint environmental network, whether at the local scale or between different places. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The federal highway BR-060 is 1329.3 km long and connects the Federal District to the states of Goiás and Mato Grosso do Sul. In Goiás the path between the cities of Goiania and Anapolis is integrated with the BR-153.The same happens in Mato Grosso do Sul, the path between Campo Grande and Bandeirantes, which is integrated with the BR-163. Along your route, it is possible see that the highway in question takes different roles related to regions that is crossing. This motivates us to think in a central problem: how a technical network is related to the social production of the territory? Whit the goal to understand the BR-060 role in the territorial dynamics of the Brazilian Midwest, we propose a geographical reading that can propose visualize different uses of the territory, that produce different space legends. Initially we seek to contextualize the implementation process of the BR-060, to better understand the spatial area of research. And later attend to examine two outstanding space legends: Goiânia-Brasília path and the agro-industrial complex path of the Southwest Goiás. The methodology used was quantitative and qualitative procedures, literature, field research and documents analysis and secondary data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of the present study is to analyze the complex economic processes within emerging territorial systems, developed around big cities. Economic ventures concentrated inside these urban clusters in a short span of time, and they registered a spectacular evolution, compared to the neighboring areas. Intensification of the linkages between cities with more than 300,000 inhabitants in Romania and the surrounding areas led to the individualization of territorial systems apart, with a spectacular evolution of economic-social processes, which turn those systems into the most dynamic territorial structures. The present study means to identify the causes of those complex processes within emerging territorial systems, the manner of functional organization of the space, and the causes that determine the spectacular evolution of the economic processes within emerging systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Economic ventures concentrated inside these urban clusters in a short span of time, and they registered a spectacular evolution, compared to the neighboring areas. Intensification of the linkages between cities with more than 300,000 inhabitants in Romania and the surrounding areas led to the individualization of territorial systems apart, with a spectacular evolution of economic-social processes, which turn those systems into the most dynamic territorial structures. The present study means to identify the causes of those complex processes within emerging territorial systems, the manner of functional organization of the space, and the causes that determine the spectacular evolution of the economic processes within emerging systems. Special attention was paid to the implementation of infrastructure projects, and to the manner they influenced the dynamics of the entrepreneurial sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of the connections between cities and their surrounding spaces led to the creation of highly complex emergent structures, which require particular attention from specialists and decision-makers. This study emphasizes the importance of regional development hubs in space organization with superior economic dynamics, due to the influence exerted by the polarizing city on the economic assets in the neighboring territorial systems. One other goal of the current study is to identify the factors that contribute to organizing space in areas of urban influence, as a result of the establishment of complex linkages between the development hub and the surrounding space. Special attention was paid to the role of the entrepreneurial sector in space organizing, as the areas analyzed are characterized by a steep dynamic of the entrepreneurial sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to show convergent processes and existing contradictions in rural areas (RA) in the southeast of the Argentinean Pampas in order to interpret and explain the different trajectories (according to contexts of time and space) that the actors follow in order to join a multi-scale environment that is both exclusive and changing. The study was carried out by means of methodological triangulation. Part of the results show that hegemonic dynamics take control over natural resources and delocalise local connections in order to favour foreign ones. Under this scheme, socio-territorial conflicts arise in the form of the exclusion of actors from territories and institutional decay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to understand the recent changes in Brazilian industrial capitalism, especially those concerning the analysis of productive restructuring and internationalization of Brazilian companies and groups since the 1990s. The analyzed subject is the Camargo Corrêa Group, which started as a family business and broadened its operations to reach many branches of economic activity. The definition of economic group and Camargo Corrêa's trajectory - from its origin to internationalization - will be designated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This paper presents a method for assessing environmental change based on the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment approach and literature on ecosystem services and rural livelihoods. The method combines quantitative and qualitative data, namely GIS and stakeholders’ perceptions, respectively. We demonstrate the method by assessing recent environmental changes in two gas-rich territories in southern Bolivia. We suggest that the method is useful to measure environmental change, particularly in situations characterized by limited data availability and strong stakeholder concerns regarding environmental change. For the Bolivian case, we conclude that the environmental impact of the gas industry and related public investments in the preceding 10 years has not been significant. However, the people’s perceptions overestimate any changes and explain the emergence of socio-environmental conflicts that undermine the sustainability of the gas industry. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This note aims to discuss the industrialisation in the context of the State of São Paulo. The topic of industrialisation will be approached from the historical and geographical perspectives,. Thus, we will try to understand the industrial dimension taking into account its different moments, relating, when possible, the variables concerning the transformation in territorial dynamics in São Paulo State both in the past and in the present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article addresses the conditions that are liable to lead to local environmental quality enhancement in areas having suffered from industrial pollution in the past. in emphasizing the central role of institutions, understood as common meanings, "proximity" can help researchers understand the mechanisms inherent in the development of collective action, beginning with converging individual interests coupled with co-ordination among various actors. In the field of environmental and territorial dynamics, these conditions are crucial in achieving certain objectives shared by various stakeholders motivated by different interests that may converge on a specific point. The specificities inherent in the management of environmental resources and the importance of land-use or resource-use conflicts are an invitation to investigate the central role of institutions in this field. In this paper we focus on institutional proximity in order to express the conditions that may lead to a collective and territorial dynamic made possible by exploitation of natural resource and seeking to achieve both industrial development and environmental quality goals. We show that these goals are not necessarily achieved through the use of market tools. The actions described here were launched a few years ago to deal with the "industrial environment" in Dunkirk and are widely based on the implementation of locally-established rules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]