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Objective: Review the use of physiological measurement in team settings and propose recommendations to improve the state of the science.Background: New sensor and analytical capabilities enable exploration of relationships between team members' physiological dynamics. We conducted a review of physiological measures used in research on teams to understand (1) how these measures are theoretically and operationally related to team constructs and (2) what types of validity evidence exist for physiological measurement in team settings.Method: We identified 32 articles that investigated task-performing teams using physiological data. Articles were coded on several dimensions, including team characteristics. Study findings were categorized by relationships tested between team physiological dynamics (TPD) and team inputs, mediators/processes, outputs, or psychometric properties.Results: TPD researchers overwhelmingly measure single physiological systems. Although there is research linking TPD to inputs and outputs, the research on processes is underdeveloped.Conclusion: We recommend several theoretical, methodological, and statistical themes to expand the growth of the TPD field.Application: Physiological measures, once established as reliable indicators of team functioning, might be used to diagnose suboptimal team states and cue interventions to ameliorate these states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Simulation-based teamwork trainings are considered a powerful training method to advance teamwork, which becomes more relevant in medical education. The measurement of teamwork is of high importance and several instruments have been developed for various medical domains to meet this need. To our knowledge, no theoreticallybased and easy-to-use measurement instrument has been published nor developed specifically for simulation-based teamwork trainings of medical students. Internist ward-rounds function as an important example of teamwork in medicine. Purposes: The purpose of this study was to provide a validated, theoretically- based instrument that is easy-to-use. Furthermore, this study aimed to identify if and when rater scores relate to performance. Methods: Based on a theoretical framework for teamwork behaviour, items regardingfourteamwork components (Team Coordination, Team Cooperation, Information Exchange, Team Adjustment Behaviours) were developed. In study one, three ward-round scenarios, simulated by 69 students, were videotaped and rated independently by fourtrained raters. The instrument was tested for the embedded psychometric properties and factorial structure. In study two, the instrument was tested for construct validity with an external criterion with a second set of 100 students and four raters. Results: In study one, the factorial structure matched the theoretical components but was unable to separate Information Exchange and Team Cooperation. The preliminary version showed adequate psychometric properties (Cronbach's α=.75). In study two, the instrument showed physician rater scores were more reliable in measurement than those of student raters. Furthermore, a close correlation between the scale and clinical performance as an external criteria was shown (r=.64) and the sufficient psychometric properties were replicated (Cronbach's α=.78). Conclusions: The validation allows for use of the simulated teamwork assessment scale in undergraduate medical ward-round trainings to reliably measure teamwork by physicians. Further studies are needed to verify the applicability of the instrument. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional studies on measurements and training of teamwork have often focused on observational teamwork behaviors; however, measurements and training of unobservable teamwork such as mutual performance monitoring are also important for improving teamwork measurement and training. In addition, an improvement of cognitive mechanisms underlying teamwork must effectively be able to enhance team performance because sufficient situation awareness of status of team is expected to be a requirement for positive teamwork behaviors. This study focuses on metacognition in cooperation that underlies team cooperation and aims to investigate the importance of metacognition in cooperation by analyzing contents of reflection on cooperation collected in our previous study in terms of our proposed model about metacognition in cooperation. The comparisons of metacognition in cooperation elicited in a team experiment and team performance indexes suggest that an expansion of range of metacognition in cooperation by metacognitive instructions will enhance team performance and that certain types of metacognition in cooperation are important for positive teamwork. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teamwork training constitutes one of the core approaches for moving healthcare systems toward increased levels of quality and safety, and simulation provides a powerful method of delivering this training, especially for face-paced and dynamic specialty areas such as Emergency Medicine. Team performance measurement and evaluation plays an integral role in ensuring that simulation-based training for teams (SBTT) is systematic and effective. However, this component of SBTT systems is overlooked frequently. This article addresses this gap by providing a review and practical introduction to the process of developing and implementing evaluation systems in SBTT. First, an overview of team performance evaluation is provided. Second, best practices for measuring team performance in simulation are reviewed. Third, some of the prominent measurement tools in the literature are summarized and discussed relative to the best practices. Subsequently, implications of the review are discussed for the practice of training teamwork in Emergency Medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]