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Background: Despite the fact that a change in sexual behaviour is considered an integral part of bipolar disorder, hardly any literature on sexual problems in women with this disease is available. Aim: The study aimed to determine whether there is an association between manic/hypomanic phases and sexual dysfunction and alcohol use, and to test for differences between the control and study groups. Materials and methods: The study involved 590 women from Poland, aged 19-40 years. The control group consisted of 538 and the bipolar disorder group of 52 subjects. The study used the Female Sexual Function Index and two original questionnaires: the Questionnaire of Sexual Risk Behaviour (Cronbach's alpha 0.7) and the Questionnaire of Manic/Hypomanic Phases (Cronbach's alpha 0.89). Data were analysed by Spearman's rho correlation coefficient and Mann--Whitney U test of differences. Results: The study showed a relationship between the manic/hypomanic phase and a decrease in dysfunction in the area of orgasm, and a relationship between the frequency of alcohol consumption and engaging in homosexual behaviours. Women with bipolar disorder were more likely to engage in risky behaviours than women in the control group, and showed higher ratings of dysfunction of the desire and arousal areas as well as higher overall ratings of sexual dysfunction. Conclusions: There is a need for ongoing research in this topic area to develop the field of sexual symptomatology in bipolar disorder in relation to current sexual, cultural, and gender norms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study explores the structure of adult (N = 170, Mage = 30) beliefs regarding the sexuality of preschool children (Ratkowska-Pasikowska, Pasikowski, 2013). Furthermore it evaluates the probable predictors of these beliefs: avoidance and anxiety dimensions of attachment, moral foundations and the levels of cognitive and affective empathy. Results show a two-factor differentiation of beliefs regarding children's sexuality. Adults make a distinction between intrusive behaviors, related to verbal aggression or potential violation of other people's intimacy, and behaviors combining sexuality with curiosity and role-playing. The former category is generally less accepted than the latter. At the same time, higher level of cognitive empathy and a lower level of endorsement in the sphere of purity/sanctity as a foundation of moral evaluation, is a general predictor of higher acceptance of sexual behaviors in both categories. Higher level of attachment anxiety predicts a higher acceptance of intrusive sexual behaviors, and a higher level of attachment avoidance predicts a lower acceptance of such behaviors. These results are discussed within the context of their importance for the future studies on childhood sexuality with parents as the potential informants on behavior of their children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Sexual functioning is an important aspect of maintaining the biopsychosocial balance of a human being. Sexual dysfunctions (SD) are common in societies around the world. Studies on alcoholics have shown that chronic and persistent alcohol consumption induces SD leading to impairment of interpersonal contacts, which may affect mental health. By improving the knowledge of this topic one can work on planning multidimensional treatment programmes. The aim of the study will be to measure the sexual functioning of people addicted to alcohol. Material and methods: The research group consisted of 60 people addicted to alcohol aged 18-65, mainly hospitalized in Pruszków. The control group is 60 healthy people. The participants filled out a set of questionnaires consisting of: sociodemographic questionnaire, sexological tests: FSFI for women, IIEF for men, KZS, Mell-Krat, KWS for both sexes, and a set of tests for alcohol dependence. Results: The analysis showed a significant effect on the results: on the scale pain during sex for the relationship factor. Persons in a relationship showed lower scores on a scale than those who are not in a relationship; for IIEF variable of question No. 4. Healthy people had higher results in this question; in the group of both sexes for the variables satisfaction with appearance and sexualization measured before the onset of symptoms of the disease in people with alcoholism and in healthy people. People with alcoholism showed significantly higher results than healthy people on the scale of satisfaction with appearance. Conclusions: After the research it can be concluded that the most important factor conditioning the sexual functioning of alcohol addicts is a better perception of sexuality before the onset of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The foreign language classroom is in many ways feminine and heteronormative. But if male students feel excluded, late 20th century studies showed mixed‐sex classroom interaction to be dominated by boys, and women's and girls' representation in textbooks to be lacking. Relatedly, students who do not identify as heterosexual can be 'othered', and are absent from textbooks. I provide brief, illustrative accounts of two empirical studies—of gender and classroom interaction, with data from a German classroom, and textbook representation of gender, using selected Polish EFL textbooks. The findings of the classroom interaction study are nuanced. Those of the textbook study point to an improving gender (but not sexuality) representation. I argue that analysts seeking sexual diversity in representation should focus on 'degrees of heteronormativity'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Sexuality is an essential element of every human being's life. Getting satisfaction from sexual activity has a big impact on the increase quality of life. Despite this, a large percentage of the population complains of various disorders of sexual functions. Aditionally among people with schizophrenia, these disorders depend on the severity and stage of the disease. Aim was to study the sexual activity of people with schizophrenia, with particular emphasis on their self-esteem. Material and methods: The group of respondents consisted of 40 men and 40 women aged from 18 to 65. Half of them were people suffering from schizophrenia and the other half were not subject to psychiatric treatment, selected to the research group using the 1:1 method. The study used an original sociodemographic survey, the Self-Esteem Scale (SES), Adjective Check List (ACL), Personal Sexuality Questionnaire (KWS), International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and Mell Krat Scale and Sexual Disorder Questionnaire (KZS) ) both in versions for women and men respectively. Results: Only one variable (Adapted child) was significantly more often chosen by people with schizophrenia in comparison to healthy people (M -1,75) from the ACL Adjectival Check List. Schizophrenic women achieved a lower score (M 33.95) than healthy women (M 55.45) in sexual function scale. The most significant differences between groups of women occur in such features as orgasm (M 6.15 vs. M 11.85, p < 0.001) and sexual satisfaction (M 7.30 vs. M 12.30, p < 0.001). When assessing their own sexuality Satisfaction with sex life was the best assessed feature in both group, M 53.52 in patients with schizophrenia and M 64.08 in healthy subjects (p < 0.001). Conclusions: People with schizophrenia assessed their sexual life as less satisfying than in healthy people, with no significant differences in self-esteem. Among female patients, sexual dysfunctions appeared much frequent often than in healthy women. There was no significant difference between the study and control group among men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the research was to identify and compare the opinions, beliefs and views of students of pedagogy and of students of medicine on selected areas of sexuality. Methods. The study group consisted of 49 students of pedagogy and 51 students of medicine. The diagnostic survey method was used to perform the tests. The survey technique and CAWI technique were selected. Data were obtained using a questionnaire survey. Results. The data obtained indicate that the concept of "human sexuality" has either a positive or neutral significance. All respondents agreed that information on sexuality should be provided to young people. Respondents did not show unanimity on the ideal age to start sexual education among young people. Conclusions. The analysis shows that there are differences in the perception of some areas of sexuality between the study groups, for example the most important areas of sexuality, the age of sexual education and those who should be responsible for the task. This can affect the transmission of information about sexuality to people with whom respondents will work in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose of the article. The purpose of the article was to analyze how the public discourse in Poland is forming around the idea of the implementation of sex education in schools. Scope of the analysis. The subject of the analysis were articles and materials avaible on the Internet. It describes two positions relating to the introduction of sex education in schools. Results. The analysis indicated that in the public discourse there is a need of providing sex education in schools, and that is is more important than its harm to the development of children and youth. The supporters of the idea of having sex education as a school subject are showing the fact that the awareness of young people about sex reduces the risk of the unwanted sexual behavior and too early sexual initiation. The opponents argue that sex education is intended to promote homosexuality, and sexualisation, in its wide meaning, of children and youth. Conclusions. Debate which took place around the sex education is often a tool for politicians, non-governmental organizations, and parents who raise their voice on behalf of their children. Interestingly, children and youth's best interests are in all these discussions detracted, and its purpose is mainly to satisfy ambitions of fighting for the introduction of sex education into schools or to prevent from that idea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors of the article discuss the terms of sexual health, reproductive health and sexual rights with reference to young people. They describe the health problems connected with psychosexual adolescence. Then the authors, on the base of their own research, present risky (anti-health) sexual behaviors of young people both in the real world and in the Internet as well as the consequences such as sexually transmitted diseases and unwanted pregnancies. The authors emphasize importance of support from professionals, especially doctors, for young people in solving problems connected with their sexual and reproductive health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to show the way of understanding sexuality in the Muslim world with special emphasis on the position of women. Presentation of the problem is a difficult task, because due to the specific issues of missing studies on this topic. However I used literature concerning customs of Muslims, as well as the information contained in the web. In addition, a sociologist as a researcher should have objectivity, however, describing another culture, it is difficult to complete relativism here before which stood the task was not an easy one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wstęp Redukcja piersi jest jedną z częściej wykonywanych operacji z zakresu chirurgii plastycznej. Pacjentki decydują się na nią zarówno ze względów estetycznych, jak i funkcjonalnych, ponieważ przerost piersi powoduje bóle pleców, szyi, barków, zmiany skórne w fałdzie podpiersiowym i inne dolegliwości. Redukcja piersi ma udokumentowany wpływ na poprawę jakości życia. Niewiele jest jednak doniesień dotyczących wpływu redukcji piersi na seksualność - zarówno w aspekcie psychicznym (jakość życia seksualnego), jak i fizycznym (funkcje seksualne). Cel Celem pracy jest analiza wpływu redukcji piersi na seksualność kobiet, z wyszczególnieniem jakości życia seksualnego oraz funkcji seksualnych. Materiał i metody Przeprowadzono badanie przekrojowe dwukohortowe. Kwestionariusz jakości życia w odniesieniu do seksu - kobieta (SQoL-F); indeks funkcji seksualnych kobiety (IFSF) oraz kwestionariusz BREAST-Q™ - moduł redukcji piersi zostały wysłane drogą mailową do 75 kobiet, które zostały poddane redukcji piersi. Okres obserwacji po operacji wynosił 12-40 miesięcy (grupa badana). Grupę kontrolną stanowiło 27 kobiet zakwalifikowanych do operacji redukcji piersi. Analiza statystyczna została przeprowadzona przy użyciu oprogramowania SAS University Edition. Badanie przeprowadzono zgodnie z protokołem zatwierdzonym przez Komisję Bioetyczną CMKP. Wyniki Ankietę wypełniło 31,5% pacjentek w grupie badanej i 59,3% w grupie kontrolnej. Obydwie grupy były porównywalne pod względem wieku i BMI. SQoL-F-score w grupie badanej był istotnie wyższy niż w grupie kontrolnej (76,71±11,61 vs. 64,44±13,66; p=0,005). W grupie pacjentek przed operacją FSFI score wynosił 20,96±11,40, znajdując się poniżej punktu odcięcia dla obecności znamiennie klinicznych dysfunkcji seksualnych (FSFI≤26). W grupie pooperacyjnej FSFI score był istotnie wyższy (27,44±9,11; p=0,03). Wynik domeny seksualności BREAST-Q™ był znamiennie wyższy w grupie badanej niż w grupie kontrolnej (72,07±13,96 vs. 39,25±14,46; p<0,001). Wnioski Redukcja piersi jest zabiegiem mającym pozytywny wpływ na jakość życia seksualnego, a także na funkcje seksualne kobiet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]