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This article outlines the significant organizational and scientific changes that occurred in Bulgarian psychology after the fall of the totalitarian regime in 1989. These included the establishment of new university and research centers in psychology, the abolition of ideological censorship in psychology publications, free choice of research methodology and methods, free communication, and exchange of ideas with foreign psychologists, and the development of psychoanalytic practice and psychological services. The liberalization of the social conditions for the development of science, in general, made psychology a much sought‐after science and practice. In this time of social transition, its authority grew significantly due to the fact that its calling was to study and solve, above all, the problems of the people, especially as they were faced with new social conditions. In the last 30 years, psychological science in Bulgaria has been significantly humanized. These changes allowed scientists to propose new methodological approaches not only to the study of the psyche, but also to the study of both Bulgarian and foreign history of psychology. Although in the last 30 years not all measures taken in the institutional management of the psychological science were positive, Bulgarian psychology was given a new opportunity to join the international scientific community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This text discusses and denounces the growing trend of “bibliometric denialism,” which rejects the utility of bibliometric indicators in scientific evaluation. This denialism is evident in the decision to dispense with metrics, a practice encouraged by the Declaration on Research Assessment (Dora) and, especially, upon the signing of the Agreement on Reforming Research Assessment promovido promoted by the Coalition for Advancing Research Assessment (Coara). Both advocate for a more qualitative approach, primarily based on peer review. However, we argue that these qualitative approaches have been adopted without considering their limitations and ignoring the principles and methods of evaluative bibliometrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present article consists of a historiographical reflection on the trajectory of the journal Estudos e Pesquisas em Psicologia [Studies and Research in Psychology], of the Institute of Psychology of the State University of Rio de Janeiro [Instituto de Psicologia da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro] (IP-UERJ), on the occasion of the 20th anniversary (2001-2021) of this journal. Through a documental analysis of the regular editions (except for the thematic dossiers) and interviews with three former editors-in-chief, are analyzed, in particular: the journal's creation context, in the early 2000s; the transformations in the editorial process, resulting both from the injunctions of scientific policies for evaluating journals by CAPES, and from the massive migration of scientific publications to the electronic media; the impacts of the systemic crisis of public university funding (notably, the specificities of the UERJ context) in the second half of the 2010s. In this way, are considered both the specificities of the trajectory of the Estudos e Pesquisas em Psicologia and the meanings and challenges involved in editorial production in the contemporary scenario. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article frames and contextualizes the formation and reformulation of scientific and technological institutionalism in Central American countries. It establishes an interpretation of the perceptions of scientific policies in Central America in a comparative manner, starting from the definition of the objectives, goals, and perceptions built around scientific and technological public policies in order to determine the weight exerted by innovation and social cohesion approaches during the formulation and discussion stages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence of the entrepreneurial paradigm in scientific work characterizes the contemporary transition of science in pursuit of greater applicability and socio-economic relevance of scientific-technological developments. Collaboration becomes central and from a paradox that suggests both convergence and divergence in it, often situations of ambiguity and uncertainty invade everyday scientific practices, altering what is being done in it. This research illustrates how the restoration of collaborative action and its sustainability is conditioned by different aspects that characterize a "weak" or "tight" organizing between the parties. From an organizational perspective, it contributes to a greater understanding of the changes in "doing science" and the way in which scientists make their work convincing, meaningful and sustainable over time. What helps to resolve the debates on science policy to promote it, since ultimately, it is the actions and social interactions of scientists that show what is feasible to do and, above all, how to carry it out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article synthesizes an investigation on the appropriation of the international model of innovation in Colombian Scientific Policy and the controversial dynamics generated after its implementation. The mode of analysis adopted lies in an integration by a combination of micro approaches (representations and controversies), with macro approaches (world culture and field theory), articulated to a methodological procedure in which an index of controversiality is proposed as a novelty, And after that, results emerge that show how the dissemination of the international model focused on innovation has been effective, but that given its emphasis on the economic utility of science, it has ended up generating controversies among scientific agents, linked to the incipient social world of science in Colombia, showing a perception of discomfort. Given this discovery, the discussion suggests how an alternative citizen model of scientific policy could be, where the economic representation of innovation is balanced with social and environmental innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the tensions and challenges for academics posed by changes in the National System of Researchers policies, which have an impact on their decisions and influence their careers and practice with regard to their admission, continuance in, and rise in the system. Researchers face a clear contradiction between the diverse evaluation policies, the fulfillment of indicators that weigh quality against quantity of academic products; the choice between individual and team projects; the balance between the heterogeneity of criteria vis-à-vis other evaluation systems; and belonging to research groups and networks. The author's conclusions lean toward proposing alternatives for a more just evaluation that would allow for improvement in research and teaching activities and the decrease in the bureaucratic workload. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Technological and Social Development Projects (PDTS) emerged as a response derived to the problem of academic evaluation in Argentina. Its emergence dates from the commissions convened by the then Ministry of Science, Technology and Productive Innovation in 2011 and 2012 that sought to review the evaluation parameters of the scientific task. The analysis that follows recovers over fifty interviews carried out with key actors of the process of the aforementioned scientific policy tool (officials, project managers, research teams, members of the PDTS Nacional Bank accrediting committees, members and coordinators of the special commissions of CONICET that evaluate requests for promotion and reports of researchers involved in PDTS) as well as a detailed documentary revision of forms of application, evaluation criteria documents, procceding and includes an updated bibliographical revision and analysis of scientific policies. In our analysis we highlight the awareness of officials about the importance of the evaluation criteria to address the problem of the lack of applied and technological research. The generation of instances of dialogue and articulation in a highly fragmented scientific system was another interesting effect of the process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organizational models of public policies in science, technology and innovation (STI) show the profile of the State and the role performed by the different actors, whether public or private. Consequently, giving an account of recent STI policies involves focusing on the tools used by the State to position and guide institutions according to the predominant interests and views in the political and economic context. The article analyzes STI policy instruments from the viewpoint of their specific objectives, thereby facilitating the approach to interpreting policy profiles. It studies the manifestations of this phenomenon in Latin America in particular, accounting for general trends and specific cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our goal in this article is to reflect on how an academic and scientific journal, in this case, Organon, can help us understand the process of dissemination and circulation of knowledge on language at a time without the disciplinary division we know today, building 60-year history. On the one hand, it is a space to understand the foundation and the constitution of the disciplinary studies on language at the same time as its institutionalization. On the other hand, through it, we can also understand the story of a scientific editorial policy and its importance for academic work of a certain time. Our study is theoretically and analytically supported by the relationship between the History of Linguistic Ideas and Discourse Analysis as being built in the Brazilian context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses the diversity in Latin American etnohistorical musicology and actions of cooperation between the research community, especially aiming at the scientific and institutional policies in the light of historical macrosociology and socio-anthropology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents an analysis of public policies regarding nanotechnology in Mexico according to indicators of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). The OECD conducted a pilot survey of 24 member countries in 2008 to compare public policies in nanotechnology. In this study, we use the same OECD questionnaire to assess the Mexican experience. In addition, we present information on companies engaged in nanotechnology using data from a survey of the National Institute of Statistics and Geography. The latter survey also was developed by the OECD for its member countries. The results show the importance and distribution of research activity in nanotechnology inside Mexico and in relation to its neighbors. The discussion also deals with the contradictory situation of the Mexican nanotechnology sector, which comprises a relatively high number of companies involved with nanotechnology in the context of a weak framework of public policy support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social Sciences in Cuba show in their development a set of strengths and challenges in terms of perspectives, either in their firmness as a community, as well as in their relation with society, in general, and government agencies. At present, the economic transformations' context in our country leads to the need of an ongoing fostering of a dialogue attitude among the different scientific disciplines and institutions in the social field, to keep a critical stand regarding the reality being studied, as well as strengthening their positive capacities. Such requires a better awareness on the part of the policy makers regarding the roles of social scientists in the different stages of the social policy development. Likewise, there is a need for a better visibility of its contributions as from the scientific policies' priorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé Cet article constitue la transcription du discours prononcé par l’auteur à l’Académie des sciences à l’occasion de la remise du prix franco-allemand portant les noms de Joseph-Louis Gay-Lussac et d’Alexander von Humboldt, qui lui a été décerné. Après un très bref rappel de ses propres réalisations dans les domaines de la catalyse organométallique et de la synthèse de produits naturels, il appelle à une politique scientifique plus libérale et moins descendante, qui permettrait une recherche dirigée par la curiosité. Le fait qu’il est extrêmement difficile pour quiconque, scientifique ou politicien, de prédire ce qui au final pourrait devenir vraiment important est illustré par quelques exemples tirés du passé, où des résultats qui pouvaient sembler exotiques se sont en fin de compte révélés être d’authentiques percées scientifiques et des success stories économiques en même temps. This article is the transcript of the acceptance speech given by the author at the French Academy of Sciences upon his receipt of the French-German science prize named after Joseph-Louis Gay-Lussac and Alexander von Humboldt. After a very brief summary of his own achievements in the areas of organometallic catalysis and natural product synthesis, he went on to advocate for a more liberal and less top-down science policy that allows for more curiosity-driven research. The fact that it is exceedingly difficult for anyone − be they scientists or politicians − to predict what might eventually become really important is illustrated by a few historical examples, where seemingly exotic results ultimately turned out to be real scientific breakthroughs and economic success stories at the same time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sharing of research data is a hot topic at the international level, especially due to the development of e-science, based on collaborative working methods that use technology in an intensive manner. The amount of digital data and of its sharing is growing fast, and a lack of proper management could limit the potential benefits to stakeholders (researchers, governments and public funding agencies, research managers and libraries, and finally the publishing sector). The aim of this review is first to place the sharing of electronic research data in the context of its appearance and of open environments; secondly, it describes the life cycle model of data preservation; finally, it describes several initiatives dealing with methodologies and technologies. In parallel, international developments and highlights needs that exist in Spain are described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this paper is to review critically the concept of "open access" of the Open Access Initiative (OAI), and consequently their policies. Considering the technological and behavioral changes underway in society, we advocate a broader scope of the meaning of "open access". This includes looking at the issue of the intense public funding for research, the diverse forms of copying and dissemination (not just periodicals) and the need to include in the current agenda a broad reform of copyrights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU) or Shanghai Ranking is a de facto standard to determine the position of universities worldwide. Improving ranking positions has become the goal of universities and governments. No wonder therefore that the aggregation of universities in Spain is nowadays suggested as a means to raise the international profile of our university system. In this context, the goal of this study was to test two potential groupings, universities belonging to the same Autonomous Community and campuses of international excellence (CEIs), to determine the ARWU placement that would result. To compute the ARWU indicators of these possible groupings, we used the methodology developed in Docampo (2012b). The results of our analysis clearly show the difficulty of improving ranking positions by calculating the sum of aggregated institutions. As a matter of fact, the only way to place a university cluster from Spain in the top 100 would be to treat all of the Catalan universities as a single institution. The next best ranking for Spain would be achieved by the Habitat 5U (universities of Comunidad Valenciana), BKC (Barcelona and Politècnica de Catalunya) and VLC/Campus (Valencia and Politécnica de Valencia), CEIs which would lie in the 150-200 range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The popularization of science and technology (PST) in Latin America has positioned itself as an alternate strategy for accessing scientific knowledge and improving education. The position has been supported by scientific policy, through support for programs and projects related to PST. However, studies on the policy's implications for education in the region are recent, and limited in number. The current article starts with a description of the historical links between PST and scientific policy, and analyzes the relation with education; it then discusses the actors present in PST, presenting their non-neutrality and diversity. The article concludes with a synthesis of key elements for analyzing the implications of scientific policy for education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A few years ago we had, in Spain, various products for evaluating journals that were useful to researchers and to the Spanish accreditation agencies: Aneca and Cneai. Given the number of products, various research groups collaborated to create a single, unified product: Clasificación integrada de revistas científicas (CIRC) (Integrated classification of scientific journals) with the aim of using it with current research information systems (CRIS). The CIRC classification gave each journal a score (A, B, C, D) and was last updated in 2012. EC3metrics is now announcing the launch of a new CIRC version updated for the current situation, while trying to rescue the original intention of the first version that emphasized CRIS integration. This article describes some of the improvements and changes that have been made in the newly updated version. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although innovation is a key factor for the survival of enterprises, the level of innovation in Spain is still far from the objectives set by the Lisbon Strategy. As a consequence, Spanish administrations have launched various measures to improve it. Innovation requires acquiring and selecting the best information available, which means mainly using scientific and technical databases, but these are little known in the business world. The article gives a brief overview of the use of information for innovation in enterprises and comments on the main findings of the 2008 Cotec Report. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]