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Anemia is defined as the reduction of red blood cells, hemoglobin and/or hematocrit. the values considered as normal for haemoglobin and haematocrit depend on gestational age and days of life. this review, will focus on anemia presenting during the first days of life. In general, in the first week of life the normal values of haemoglobin and haematocrit should be greater than 15 gr/dl and 45% respectively. the causes of neonatal anemia can be: blood loss, destruction of red blood cells and lack of production. three different clinical cases of neonatal anemia are reported, the last of which is a rare clinical case of genetically induced arregenerative anemia. A practical approach to the diagnostic process of neonatal anemia is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anemia is defined as the reduction of red blood cells, hemoglobin or hematocrit. the values considered as normal for haemoglobin and haematocrit depend on gestational age and days of life. this review will focus on anemia presenting during the first days of life. In general, in the first week of life the normal values of haemoglobin and haematocrit should be greater than 15 gr/dl and 45% respectively. the causes of neonatal anemia can be: blood loss, destruction of red blood cells and lack of production. three different clinical cases of neonatal anemia are reported, the last of which is a rare clinical case of genetically induced arregenerative anemia. A practical approach to the diagnostic process of neonatal anemia is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The quantification of chromosomal instability is an important parameter to assess genotoxicity and radiosensitivity. Most conventional techniques require cell cultures or laborious microscopic analyses of chromosomes or nuclei. However, a flow cytometry that selects the reticulocytes has been developed as an alternative for in vivo studies, which expedites the analytical procedures and increases up to 20 times the number of target cells to be analyzed. Objectives: To standardize the flow cytometry parameters for selecting and quantifying the micronucleated reticulocytesCD71+ (MN-RET) from freshly drawn peripheral blood and to quantify the frequency of this abnormal cell subpopulation as a measure of cytogenetic instability in populations of healthy volunteers (n =25), and patients (n=25), recently diagnosed with high-grade gliomas before the onset of treatment. Materials and methods: Blood cells were methanol-fixed and labeled with anti-CD-71-PE for reticulocytes, antiCD-61-FITC for platelet exclusion, and propidium iodide for DNA detection in reticulocytes. The MN-RETCD71+ cell fraction was selected and quantified with an automatic flow cytometer. Results: The standardization of cytometry parameters was described in detail, emphasizing the selection and quantification of the MN-RETCD71+ cellular fraction. The micronuclei basal level was established in healthy controls. In patients, a 5.2-fold increase before the onset of treatment was observed (p <0.05). Conclusion: The data showed the usefulness of flow cytometry coupled with anti-CD-71-PE and anti- CD-61-FITC labeling in circulating reticulocytes as an efficient and high resolution method to quantify chromosome instability in vivo. Finally, possible reasons for the higher average of micronuclei in RETCD71+ cells from untreated high-grade glioma patients were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poor assimilation of food in the body leads to malnutrition or undernutrition (UN), a pathological condition with varying degrees and clinical manifestations. In recent years, a new test using in vivo somatic mutation detection based on the gene glycosylphosphatidylinositol Class A (Pig-a) has been developed. This gene is essential for the synthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor (GPI) that attaches specific proteins to the cell surface. When a Pig-a mutation takes place, GPI synthesis is blocked; hence, proteins are not found on the cell membrane generating a negative GPI phenotype, which can be easily detected using flow cytometry. The Pig-a assay was used in this study to analyze gene damage in a malnutrition model exposed to mutagen N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU). The assay was based on a differential staining of reticulocytes (RET) and erythrocytes (E) from peripheral blood of Wistar strain rats. Increased frequencies of mutant (MF) Pig-a, which were analyzed by 1 X 106 cells for 8 weeks, indicated damage to the genetic material of cells. The results demonstrate that UN itself has a deleterious effect on the integrity of genetic material. The MF increased depending on the dose and the time rats were exposed to UN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laboratories need technologies that provide more information about cellular abnormalities. The BC-6800 (Mindray Medical Systems) hematology analyzer makes a fluorescent staining, specific for genetic material, which permits to determine the rate of DNA/RNA inside the cell providing information about the maturity of the cells, the equipment performance was adequate in terms of sensitivity, throughput, reticulocyte count, immature platelet, normoblasts and other parameters. The study was conducted to evaluate the performance of the BC-6800 and to determine whether there is a good correlation between the parameters of cell blood count in oncohematological samples obtained from patients processed by the Advia 120 and BC-6800 equipments; a comparative study regarding the reticulocyte manual counting and the BC-6800 was performed. The study was conducted at the Department of Special Hematology of the Hospital Centro Médico Nacional «La Raza» in December 2014. Statistical analysis using measures of central tendency and dispersion was performed. The results between the two instruments were correlated using the Pearson method. An average correlation of 0.9745 was found between the parameters performance of Advia 120 and BC-6800 in oncohematological samples. The manual reticulocyte counting versus the automated counting in the BC-6800 showed a correlation of 0.9435. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]