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Background: Milk price depends on the concentration of milk components, which are influenced by several factors. Objective: To determine the effect of cow intrinsic variables on the physicochemical composition of raw milk in a dualpurpose production system. Methods: Twenty-five 5/8 Holstein-Friesian × 3/8 Zebu (5/8H3/8Z) lactating cows aged 5-10 years and 1-6 births were selected. Body condition score (BCS) and milk production were recorded. Milk samples were taken throughout lactation from each cow at mid-milking every eight days. Milk composition analysis was carried out using an automatic Lacticheck equipment. Results: Average daily milk production per cow was 4.10 L, with 1.03 g/cm3 density, 32.70 g/L fat, 34.50 g/L protein, 50.20 g/L lactose, 91.30 g/L non-fat solids, and 127.00 g/L total solids. The BCS influenced milk composition (p<0.01). Cows with higher BCS (>3.25) showed greater density, protein and lactose, while BCS between 2.00 to 2.50 positively affected fat content (39.20 g/L). Elder cows had increased milk production. In early lactation, milk production was the highest with less fat percentage. Conclusion: Although cow production per day is low, milk composition from 5/8H3/8Z cows complies with the standards established in the Mexican norm and is considered to be of good quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective of the study: We aim to propose, and test an integrative framework for actors’ orchestration in the dairy sector based on a data science perspective to drive innovation. Methodology/Approach: To achieve this aim, a systematic literature review and content analysis were conducted, then, an integrative framework was developed and empirically tested. Subsequently, incremental adjustments in the framework’s data structure were performed based on the interviews conducted through the focus group were taken into consideration. Increasing the framework assertiveness and adaptability in different contexts. Originality/Relevance: The article delves into the world of dairy production, focusing on the key players in the milk and its derivatives sector. It emphasizes the crucial role of data in driving innovation and value co-creation among these actors. By collecting and displaying the relevant data, each player can unlock new opportunities for growth and collaboration within the value chain. The data science principle forms the bedrock of this process, as it enables a deeper understanding of the data flow and facilitates effective information-sharing across the right value chain actors. Main results: A framework that encompasses key data that can be shared among actors, to foster information exchange and long-term relationships, promoting transparency in the process, which raises a sense of trustworthiness, responsibility, and innovation. Theoretical/Methodological contributions: The study involves the development of an integrative framework that is constructed based on insights gathered from the systematic literature review and content analysis. This framework serves as a comprehensive and cohesive structure for understanding the utilization of data flow to connect stakeholders in the dairy sector. It highlights the key elements necessary for successful actors' relationships and outlines the potential impact on value co-creation and the generation of valuable information. Empirical contributions are made through the testing and validation of this framework with a diverse range of stakeholders in the dairy sector. Through focus groups involving multiple players within the industry, valuable insights are gathered, and the framework is tested. The empirical findings validate the applicability and effectiveness of the framework, ensuring its practicality and relevance. Social/management contributions: The framework elevates the knowledge level about the dairy sector and its practices among stakeholders. It amplifies the potential for innovation within the sector, serves as a guiding tool that encourages stakeholders to explore new avenues for enhancing the customer experience. The social and management contributions are evident in its ability to empower stakeholders with knowledge, inspire innovation, and elevate the overall customer experience in the dairy sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: An evaluation was conducted to measure the impact of noise from air operations at El Dorado International Airport on the productivity and health of dairy cattle in the municipality of Funza, Colombia. This experimental study sought to determine if aircraft noise significantly affected milk production, considering various factors such as health and animal welfare. Justification: The evaluation conducted arises from the need to understand how this factor can influence key aspects of dairy production. Given the importance of the livestock industry in the region and the proximity of the airport, it is crucial to understand if aircraft noise significantly affects productive, sanitary, and welfare variables of cattle. Objective: To evaluate the effect of aeronautical noise on productivity and sanitary condition in dairy herds in the municipality of Funza. Methods: The study was conducted in the rural area of the International Airport, in the municipality of Funza, at an altitude of 2,548 meters above sea level. There were 18 stratified dairy farms in 3 groups according to exposure levels (n=6 farms per group): Low (0%-33.3%), Medium (33.3%-66.6%), and High (66.6% -100%), corresponding to low, medium, and high levels of noise exposure, respectively. The evaluated variables were: acoustic measurement, blood count, milk production, and somatic cell count for 5 months. The treatments evaluated were the exposure levels; data were analyzed using ANOVA. Results and Discussion: Higher grazing noise (dB) was observed in the medium and high treatments (68.47 dB - 69.20 dB). Meanwhile, the noise recorded in the milking facilities was higher in the medium treatment (78.67 dB). Milk production was higher in the ranges classified as high and low exposure levels (17.09 L and 15.7 L), respectively, unlike the medium level where the recorded production was lower (10.30 L). The variables red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelet variables showed no differences between treatments; the total protein variable showed statistical differences between medium and low treatments. Likewise, the somatic cell content was not affected by noise exposure. Conclusion: It is concluded that exposure to noise during milking may lead to a decrease in milk production; however, it was evidenced that it does not directly affect the health of the cattle, considering the sanitary variables evaluated in the dairy herds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The evaluation was performed with 25 cows from dairy 17, belonging to Dos Ríos enterprise, in order to assess the relation between the temperature and humidity index, rectal temperature and respiratory rate. The information was taken at three times of the day: morning, midday and afternoon. The results showed that in the morning the cows are in a thermo neutral zone (temperature and humidity index 69.59), while at midday they are under medium heat stress (THI 79.61), and in the afternoon under severe stress (THI 91.69). Under severe heat stress, the rectal temperature of pregnant lactating cows increased (P = 0.0136) by 0.28 ºC with respect to the rectal temperature of non-pregnant lactating cows. The respiratory rate was not affected by the light temperature and humidity index. But in the moderate stress, pregnant cows showed higher (P = 0.0003) respiratory rates of 1.9 and 2.0 % in relation to non-pregnant cows for moderate and severe stress, respectively. The physiological response to the temperature and humidity index, according to the milking group, showed that the high production group had higher rectal temperature values (P = 0.0003) in 0.16 and 0.21 oC and the respiratory rate increased (P = 0.0024) in 9.21 and 7.89 % in relation to the average group, for moderate and severe stress, respectively. Under the conditions of this study, at midday and afternoon, the animals are under moderate and severe stress, respectively, conditions that affect more the lactating pregnant animals and the open cows or the highest production group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antecedentes: Lucerna es una raza sintética colombiana, considerada un recurso criollo de gran importancia para la producción de leche en el Valle del Cauca. Recientemente, tras la divulgación de las leches A2 como productos de mayor digestibilidad, surgió la necesidad de genotipar la β-caseína del ganado Lucerna y su asociación con características productivas. Objetivo: determinar la frecuencia alélica y genotípica de β-caseína A2 y su asociación con algunas características productivas en ganado Lucerna. Métodos: se consideraron 94 animales de la Reserva Natural el Hatico y la hacienda Lucerna para la extracción de ADN de sangre y semen (74 hembras y 20 machos). El genotipado se realizó con el chip GGP Bovine100K, que presenta información para diferentes variantes genéticas al interior del gen de β-caseína. A partir de la información, se leyó el genotipo de los individuos y se estimaron las frecuencias alélicas y genotípicas. Posteriormente, se describió el comportamiento medio fenotípico y de los valores genéticos para la producción de leche total y ajustada. Finalmente, se evaluó la asociación con los valores genéticos desregresados para producción de leche total y ajustada a 305 días mediante un modelo GLM empleando el software R. Resultados: la producción de leche a 305 días del ganado lucerna presentó una media de 2845 ± 734,5 litros (13.920 registros de lactancias históricas). La media de los valores genéticos desregresados para producción de leche y producción de leche ajustada a 305 días fue de 230,8 ± 23,6 y 0,01 ± 0,06, respectivamente. La frecuencia del Alelo A2 en la población fue de 66 % y el genotipo más frecuente fue el A2A2 (45 %). Finalmente, no se encontró una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre el genotipo y la producción de leche total o ajustada a 305 días (p > 0,05) Conclusiones: la población Lucerna presenta mayor frecuencia del alelo A2, lo que muestra el gran potencial para la valoración y venta diferencial de la leche, además la frecuencia no se encuentra relacionada con los niveles de producción de leche. Sin embargo, se debe seguir evaluando su efecto sobre otras características productivas y reproductivas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antecedentes: el bienestar animal de los bovinos de lechería especializada puede mejorarse a través de la estimulación sonora durante el ordeño, esta alternativa no se ha evaluado en los sistemas de la sabana de Bogotá. Objetivo: evaluar el efecto de la implementación de la música clásica en la calidad y producción láctea de bovinos en dos tipos de ordeño. Métodos: se realizaron tres visitas en cada tipo de ordeño mecánico (fijo y móvil), la primera fue con el objetivo de establecer la ubicación de los parlantes (Cabinas QSC2), sonómetro (Svantek svan873), grabadora (zoom H6n) y micrófonos Golden TEF. En una misma semana se realizaron las visitas 2 y 3, donde se tomaron muestras de leche por animal; en la segunda se realizaron las grabaciones del ruido (fondo y equipo de ordeño) y muestreo a 10 animales al azar (primeras en entrar al ordeño); y en la tercera visita a los mismos 10 animales se estimularon con música clásica durante 20 minutos previos al ordeño y durante el ordeño. Las muestras se analizaron para la determinación de proteína, grasa, sólidos totales y lactosa (Milkoscan- espectrofotometría infrarrojo), como también células somáticas y mesófilos (Fossomatic - citometría de flujo). Se midió la producción diaria por animal (l/día/animal). Para el análisis estadístico se usó Wilcoxon o t student. Resultados: el nivel sonoro promedio previo a la estimulación fue de 69,5 dB y durante la estimulación de 74,1 dB en el ordeño fijo, para el caso del ordeño móvil fue 93,9 preestimulación y durante el estímulo 94,3 dB en el ordeño móvil. Las variables composicionales de proteína, grasa, solidos totales y lactosa no mostraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p > 0,05) en ninguno de los sistemas de ordeño evaluados. En relación con la producción láctea no se presentaron diferencias en los promedios del ordeño fijo (Preestimulación 16,2 vs Post 18,3 l) pero en el caso del ordeño móvil (19,2 y 23,4 l) se obtuvo un cambio significativo (p < 0,05). Conclusiones: la música clásica no influenció la calidad composicional de la leche en los sistemas de ordeño mecánico y móvil pero estos resultados preliminares demuestran que pueden aumentar la producción láctea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Para determinar el efecto del aditivo probiótico de Bacillus subtilis y sus endosporas en la producción láctea y la respuesta inmune de cerdas lactantes, se utilizaron 48 cerdas Yorkshire-Landrace x L35, con rango entre tres y cinco partos. Los tratamientos experimentales fueron: control sin aditivo; consumo del probiótico tres semanas (G-3); consumo durante cuatro semanas (G-4), antes del parto y durante los 33 d de lactancia. Los indicadores evaluados se mantuvieron en los rangos normales, de acuerdo con la especie y categoría animal. La proteína total difirió entre el control sin aditivo y el G-3 (69.63, 77.56 y 74.86 g/L-1 para el control, G-3 y G-4, respectivamente), mientras que para la concentración de inmunoglobulinas se constató incremento significativo entre los animales tratados con respecto al control (2.46, 2.84 y 2.89/L-1 para el control, G-3 y G-4, respectivamente). De forma similar se comportó la producción láctea a los 7, 21 y 28 d. Los resultados sugieren que es posible el suministro del aditivo sin deterioro del comportamiento productivo, con influencia positiva en la salud de la cerda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Green forage production and its quality are some of the factors that determine the efficiency in the production and composition levels of milk in Antioquian intensive systems. Most common grass species is Kikuyo pennisetum Clandestinum, which can be found in 85% of specialized systems. This grass requires high chemical fertilization levels to achieve biomass productions enough to maintain the high loads they are submitted to by producers. Nitrogen fertilization, recommended for this kind of exploitations, moves between 50 and 70 Kg of nitrogen per hectare/grazing, and this means at least 400 Kg of nitrogen per year. The cost of fertilizers has obligated producers to look for strategies to reduce costs, using, among other options, organic matter as their compost source. Organic matter is important because of its impact on the soil's structure and on some physical-chemical characteristics that help to a better use of the chemical fertilizer and finally increase the quality and the production of green forage. Objective. To determine the effect of the partial substitution of chemical fertilizers on the production of green forage and the leaf-stem relation in a farm located at the North of Antioquia. Materials and Methods. An experimental design in blocks randomized with three treatments was used, using as blocks 17 land plots in which the research was made. A minimum of three repetitions was made in every plot. The treatments were: 1) 50Kg of N/ha; 2) 25 Kg of N/ha plus 200Kg of organic fertilizar and 3) 25 Kg of N/ha plus 300Kg of organic fertilizer. Results. The statistic analysis was made by the use of the SAS GLM 9.0 version procedure. Conclusion. According to the analysis, there was no significant difference (p<0.05) between treatments for any of the evaluated characteristics, forage production per hectare and leaf:stem relation. This means that, under production and agronomic quality terms of the forage, the organic fertilizer replaced the chemical one, becoming a feasible alternative for fertilization in this kind of exploitations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this experiment was to determine the effect of three forages: black sorghum (Sorghum almum), mulberry (Morus alba), and African star grass (Cynodom nlemfuensis), on the quantity and quality of goat milk. The experiment was carry out at the Alfredo Volio Mata Experiment Station of the University of Costa Rica located at 1542 masl, during the last trimester of 2007 on three groups of Lamancha goats. A repeated Latin square model was used. The highest milk yield was obtained when animals consumed African star grass (1.06 kg of milk/animal/day) (p<0.01) followed by Mulberry (0.89 kg of milk/animal/day) and Black sorghum (0.73 kg of milk/animal/ day); nevertheless, fat percentage, protein, casein, total solids and non fatty solids were improved when goats were fed with mulberry (p<0.01), and the lowest parameters were obtained with African star grass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Los objetivos del estudio fueron determinar los efectos del mes de servicio y los índices temperatura-humedad el día del servicio y sus interacciones con otras variables de manejo y productivas sobre la tasa de gestación (GEST) en vacas lecheras. El estudio se realizó en siete hatos lecheros de Aguascalientes. Una relación negativa fue observada entre el índice temperatura-humedad promedio del mes de servicio (THI) y la GEST (P < 0.01), donde por cada unidad de incremento del THI se redujo la GEST en 1.03% (P < 0.01). La GEST fue menor de mayo a septiembre que de octubre a abril (P < 0.05). Las vacas con PROD mayor a 8 500 I tuvieron menor GEST en octubre, noviembre, diciembre y enero (P < 0.05), que las de PROD menor. Los índices temperatura-humedad el día del servicio (THIS) afectó la GEST en vacas de todos los estratos de producción. Sin embargo, en vacas con producción mayor a 8 500 I, el THIS mostró efecto negativo en GEST a valores mayores a 75.9, en comparación con las vacas de menor producción que fueron afectadas desde THIS 74. Esto pudo deberse a la baja GEST de las vacas de alta producción (< 35%), aun en THIS confortables. A THIS mayores a 76 no se observaron diferencia en GEST debidas al nivel de producción. Las vacas primíparas mostraron mejor GEST que las multíparas (P < 0.01). El uso de somatotropina no afectó la GEST (P > 0.05). Las vacas con tres ordeños y hatos con más de 1 000 vacas tuvieron menor GEST (P < 0.01). Las interacciones de THIS con el número de partos, con la administración de somatotropina o no y con el número de ordeños no fueron significativas sobre GEST (P > 0.05). La gestación fue afectada por el mes de servicio y por el índice temperatura-humedad. Sin embargo, el efecto es mayor y más perdurable en vacas con mayor PROD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objectives of the study were to determine the effects of month of service and the temperature-humidity index on the day of service and its interactions with other management and productive variables on pregnancy rate (PR)in dairy cows. The study was carried out in seven dairy farms in Aguascalientes. A negative relationship was observed between the average temperature-humidity index (THI) and pregnancy rate (PR)(P < 0.01), where with each unit of increase in THI, PR was reduced by 1.03%(P < 0.01).PR was lower from May to September in relation to the observed from October to April (P < 0.05). Cows with milk production above 8 500 l had lesser PR (P < 0.05) in October, November, December and January (P < 0.05). The temperature-humidity index on the day of service (THIS)affected PR in all production groups. However, in cows producing more than 8 500 l, the negative effect of THIS was observed only when it was above 75.9, in comparison with less productive cows that were negatively affected from THIS = 74. This may have occurred because of the low PR (< 35%)of the higher producing cows even at comfortable THIS conditions. At THIS = 76 or larger, there were no differences in pregnancy rate (PR)due to milk production. Primiparous cows had more PR than multiparous cows (P < 0.01).PR of cows was not affected by treatment with somatotropin (P > 0.05).Cows with three milkings per day and herds with more than 1 000 cows had lower PR (P < 0.01). The interaction of THIS with the number of calvings, use of somatotropin or the number of milkings was not significant on PR (P > 0.05). PR of cows was affected by the month of service and the temperature-humidity index. Nevertheless cows with the highest production, the effect was greater and it was maintained longer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]