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The Pact for Life program was one of Brazil's most successful initiatives in coping with an elevated incidence of deliberate lethal violent crimes (CVLI) within the jurisdiction of Pernambuco. It delineated the state into 26 Integrated Security Areas (AIS) and applied strategies to combine investigative and ostensive policing. Nevertheless, the pandemic shifted the production possibility of public security in directions that justify empirical investigations, not sufficiently covered in the current literature. This study employs variable returns to scale data envelopment analysis (DEA) and Malmquist productivity index (MPI) models to measure police efficiency and technology changes from 2019 to 2020. The proposed framework can be particularly suitable to capture changes in the production frontier resulting from technological advancements or regressions, which might otherwise be overlooked. Through a quantitative analysis, this research offers a comprehensive assessment of AISs and the operational performance of the Civil Police, emphasizing efficiency metrics and avenues for enhancement within a production-oriented context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social roles have fostered discussions on gender-related differences in medicinal plant knowledge. However, this variable has not been analyzed in many studies, and investigations often claim that belonging to a specific gender will determine a social role that will, in turn, direct the variation of local ecological knowledge. Therefore, we test whether the influence of gender on medicinal plant knowledge and use is mediated by people's social roles. We conducted Structural Equation Modeling to assess the direct effects of gender and the indirect effects through social roles on (1) the number of cited species, (2) the prevalent area for resource collection (natural areas × homegardens), and (3) the exclusiveness of plant use (only plants versus plants and industrialized medicines or only industrialized medicines). We observed that gender impacted all metrics of knowledge and use of medicinal species. All social roles influenced knowledge of medicinal species to some extent. However, not all of them had a gender-related indirect effect. Thus, we conclude that both gender and social roles directly and indirectly influence knowledge of medicinal species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the implementation of the «Espaço Memória Desembargador Luiz Cavalcante Lacerda de Almeida» at the Regional Electoral Court of Pernambuco, in 2016, and its importance in disseminating the historical course of the Brazilian electoral process in its local dimensions and links with the national scenario through heritage objects. Furthermore, it discusses how the organization of these objects in the museum space linked to a narrative allows visitors to perceive the vote, now electronic, as a civilizational milestone and irrevocable achievement of the Brazilian population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Milk is one of the main components of the human diet, mainly due to its mineral and protein content. But its contamination by heavy metals could produce a serious public health problem. In this study, we have determined the levels of toxic (Cd and Pb) and essential (Cu, Fe, and Zn) elements in raw milk from cows raised in the State of Pernambuco (Brazil). A high percentage of the samples had Pb levels above the tolerance limit established by Brazilian legislation, and the proximity of the farms to major roads is the main cause. Therefore, the consumption of milk produced under these conditions can be considered a risk to public health. The aim of this study was to provide information on the levels of toxic (Cd and Pb) and essential (Cu, Fe, and Zn) elements in cow's milk produced in the State of Pernambuco (Brazil). A total of 142 samples of raw milk were collected, and the concentrations of essential and toxic elements were determined using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. In almost 30% of the samples analyzed, the Pb content exceeded the maximum level established in the Brazilian legislation (0.05 mg/L). By contrast, in all the samples, the Cd content was below the maximum allowable level (0.02 mg/L). The essential trace elements Cu, Fe, and Zn were generally present at lower concentrations than reported in other studies and can be considered within the deficient range for cow's milk. Statistical and chemometric procedures were used to evaluate the main factors influencing the metal concentrations (proximity to major roads, presence of effluents, and milking method). The study findings demonstrate that the proximity of the farms to major roads influences the concentrations of Cd, Pb, and Cu and that this is the main factor explaining the Pb content of milk. In addition, the presence of effluents influenced the concentrations of Cu, while no relationship between the metal content and the milking method was observed. Thus, in accordance with the study findings, the consumption of cow's milk produced in the region can be considered a risk to public health due to the high concentrations of Pb and the low concentrations of other essential minerals such as Cu, Zn, and Fe in some of the milk samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here, we provide an epidemiological analysis of leishmaniasis in Pernambuco, Brazil, from 2015 to 2019. Our results revealed 1,705 of American cutaneous leishmaniasis-ACL and 859 cases of visceral leishmaniasis-VL. VL and ACL affect children aged 1-4 years (23% and 3.2% of all cases, respectively) and adults aged 20-39 years (26% and 28%, respectively), mainly women. The highest percentage (54.6%) of VL cases was found in urban areas, while ACL occurred mainly in rural areas (63.2%). Individuals with a higher level of education were less affected by leishmaniasis and data on prognosis revealed good chances of clinical cure, but deaths are still recorded. These data show that preventive health actions must be developed to hinder leishmaniasis spread, reduce its impact on public health, and restore the population's life quality. This study can be useful in further elaboration of strategies to minimize leishmaniasis impacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In addition to its ecological importance, the Caatinga biome, one of the most extensive seasonally dry tropical forests (SDTF) in the world, has a relevant socioeconomic role as it is used as a primary natural resource by local communities. However, inadequate ecosystem management practices have resulted in gradual loss of natural vegetation in this ecosystem. Carbon stock estimation is a parameter that can contribute as a support tool for managing and maintaining the few remaining natural vegetated areas. In this study, we calibrated and validated the CENTURY model to simulate carbon stocks in areas of the Caatinga, in the state of Pernambuco, and compared the predictive capacity of the CENTURY model with available estimates. In the validation dataset, the average for biomass stocks was 33.1 Mg C ha−1, this value is close to those observed in the literature for the region. The model also performed well when estimating carbon stocks in the soil (r2 = 0.79, p = 0.017). Ecosystem modeling combined with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is a promising tool for estimating carbon stocks in the Caatinga, where field sampling campaigns are generally expensive and have scarce research funding opportunities. Furthermore, it also allows the evaluation of the effect of environmental changes on C stocks in long-term studies, which is essential for creating and implementing public policies to mitigate and adapt to the impacts of climate change on the ecosystem. However, additional efforts are needed to improve C estimates, especially in areas with a strongly negative water balance. • The CENTURY model adjusted for Brazilian "SDTF" with a more comprehensive database. • Spatialization of CENTURY C outputs was made using R platform. • This computational tool can be used for C inventories on Caatinga. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents an analysis of the changes in the dynamics of the spatial distribution of Health establishments in the state of Pernambuco, in the years 2007 and 2019. Data from the companies were collected, georeferenced and mapped from the addresses listed in the National Register of Health Establishments (CNES). The results indicated that from 2007 to 2019 there were significant changes in the spatial distribution of private and public health establishments: private units, originally more concentrated than public ones, showed a drop in concentration indicators and started to have a spatial distribution more like public establishments. The estimates also suggest the occurrence of a deconcentration of the more complex health services, a fact that is consistent with the process of interiorization of Higher Education in Health, associated with improvements in the state's transport infrastructure, in addition to the increase in family income in medium and small cities. Thus, the results can help in the formulation and application of public policies aimed at improving access to health and intervene in the improvement of demand and service supply networks. It is essential, in this regard, investments and research that focus on the spatial mobility of consumers and health professionals, as well as on supporting better working conditions for these professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aims to analyze how literacy is contemplated in the Curriculum of the State of Pernambuco and what are its pedagogical impacts on elementary education. Therefore, the research is justified because many students leave this teaching stage without developing this skill. In this investiture, he referred to the theoretical postulates of authors who discuss Literacy and its important role in the lives of students. For methodological purposes, this article is of a qualitative nature of a bibliographic nature, as the discussion was deepened in books, documents and websites focused on basic education and literacy. It is concluded, therefore, the need for effective reading practices for the development of literacy, aligning the curricular regulations in force, to promote the progress of students in elementary school. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aimed to investigate whether the use of rural credit policies is correlated with the income formation of rural producers. Through a survey, an online questionnaire was applied to rural producers in the municipality of Salgueiro, Pernambuco. From the linear regression model, a positive relationship was evidenced between the use of rural credit and the value of production with a difference, on average, of 17.4% greater in income compared to those who do not use this policy in the municipality of Willow tree. However, although family farming has a large share in the Brazilian economy and through the available credits, they are able to expand their production, there is still a need for greater investment in public policies for rural management education, ensuring an improvement in the quality of life of the people who live there. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work discusses the issue on how to include data about property and violent crimes in the production technology for the assessment of police technical efficiency. It applies recent advances in Directional Distances and Nonparametric Estimators. We claim that crime is an external variable not under the control of the decision units in view of the fact that it is exogenously determined. The results from the Conditional Directional Distance Analysis can be relevant to cities with high property misdemeanors and homicide rates. Our analysis may be helpful to obtain a more robust and fair classification of police and justice units under similar circumstances, determine the empirical effect of crime on police productivity, their optimal input–output relationship, explore potential associations and compensation effects, and rewarding efficient policy makers in the prevention of crime based on measures of police efficiency and effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It presents what the library, reading and information represent for the people who are part of the Releitura-PE collective, through the meaning attributed to their reading and informational practices. It uses bibliographic and exploratory research to show which community libraries are studied and to discuss what are reading and informational practices. As data collection instrument, it uses semi-structured interviews to collect testimonies from people who are part of these libraries, such as managers, educators, reading mediators and interactors, and analyzes and categorizes the narratives through of the Content Analysis technique, by Laurence Bardin. It exposes, in three categories of analysis, the forms of interaction with the library, the meanings of reading and the meanings of information of the members of Releitura-PE. It points out that the community library is a place of acquaintanceship where significant and rich reading and informational practices occur. As social equipment, they produce, encourage and share such practices in order to strengthen local community actions and expand the possibilities and opportunities of the people who live in them. It concludes that the meanings and the attribution of meaning given, by the subjects, to their reading and informational practices are reflected in their social actions, showing that the contextual, cultural and ideological interferences participate, in a dialectical way, in the way they read and inform themselves, as well as how they relate to the community library. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the popularity of Google Earth, users often use the platform's geographic data for scientific and spatial planning purposes. However, Google claims that these data are only approximations and therefore their positional accuracy is not officially documented. In view of the improvement in obtaining these data, there is a need to assess the quality of the cartographic product. Thus, this work aims to evaluate the planimetric quality of point data obtained from Google Earth, based on Descriptive Statistics, Trend Analysis and the Brazilian Standard for Cartographic Precision (PEC-PCD). For this, two georeferenced orthophotos with a spatial resolution of 5 cm were used as a reference, one in an urban area and another in a rural area in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. In the results, a positional error of 1.26 m was found in the urban area and 4.65 m in the rural area. According to the PEC-PCD analysis, the planimetric data generated by Google Earth meet the technical specifications at scales of less than 1:5000, in densely urbanized areas, and 1:10,000, in non-urbanized areas. Thus, in places with greater availability of high resolution satellite images, it was observed that the data present a more significant precision. In this sense, Google Earth represents an attractive source of positional data that can be used for spatial analysis and preliminary surveys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was accomplished to compare different populations of fiddler crabs from two mangroves with different degree of antropic impact, located in southern Pernambuco. A total of 7,874 fiddler crabs were sampled in the preserved mangrove of the Ariquindá River (3,705) and in the impacted mangrove of the Mamucabas River (4,169). They belonged to seven species: Minuca burgersi (Holthuis, 1967), M. rapax (Smith, 1870), M. victoriana (von Hagen, 1987), Leptuca cumulanta (Crane, 1943), L. leptodactyla (Rathbun, in Rankin, 1898), L. thayeri (Rathbun, 1900) and Uca maracoani (Latreille, 1803) (only in Ariquindá River). Most species were recorded in all months of the study period. Leptuca leptodactyla and L. thayeri strongly dominated in both mangroves. Leptuca leptodactyla males were larger than females, but the inverse was observed in L. thayeri, and in M. burgersi and L. cumulanta, males and females had the same average size. The unimodality in the distribution of size-frequency in M. burgersi, L. cumulanta, L. leptodactyla, M. rapax, and L.thayeri shows the stability of these populations. The sex ratio was deviated towards males in most species, probably because males spend more time on the surface, more susceptible to the sampling. Fiddler crabs are opportunistic species and they can maintain a stable populations even in impacted mangroves such as Mamucabas River. However, a healthy mangrove as Ariquindá River promotes higher species diversity and larger CW fiddler crabs, but not more abundant populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present research intended to analyze the state policy of coexistence with the semiarid of Pernambuco under the theoretical-methodological framework of the policy cognitive approach. The foundations of cognitive analysis were discussed as an assumption of public policy analysis that considers the importance of the cognitive framework for a given policy to be understood by its actors on its normative and instrumental dimension. Aside from that, the paradigm of coexistence with the semiarid was discussed. In order to achieve that analysis, policy documents, state laws and news reports were collected from the state's three main media vehicles Jornal do Commercio, Folha de Pernambuco and Diário de Pernambuco. The content was analyzed, and were studied the discourses present both in the documents and in the speeches of the local political leaders. After this investigation, it was noticed some divergences in the documents regarding the paradigm of coexistence. It was also found in the collected speeches that the reasonings at local level are often more consistent with the paradigm of coexistence than the national debate on the subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Despite the fluoridation of public water supply being recognized as an excellent preventive measure for the control of dental caries, it is known that the state of Pernambuco does not carry out systematic monitoring of the fluoride levels in its waters. Purpose: The aim of this study is to describe and analyze fluoride (F) levels in the water sources and public water supply in municipalities of the first health macro-region of Pernambuco, with 50,000 inhabitants or more. Methods: This is a descriptive study that combines information from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics and the National Sanitation Information System with data from Companhia Pernambucana de Saneamento, the VIGIFLUOR project and the Water Quality Surveillance Information System for Human consumption. Results: The analysis of the data indicated the presence of natural F in insignificant or minimal contents in most of the studied municipalities. In addition, three levels of maximum benefit for caries prevention were found, but this concentration does not reach the population via public supply. Conclusion: The results demonstrate that the F levels of the public supply network of thirteen municipalities analyzed do not contribute to the protection of the population. This approach stresses the need for the water supply to the municipalities of the 1st macro-region of health to be fluoridated artificially; and may also be good, to assure the population access to quality treated and fluoridated water, that a surveillance mechanism be established through hetero-control programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents wooden images of the black Franciscan Carmelite saints in Pernambuco and Minas Gerais, northeastern and southeastern Brazilian poles. The time frame of the objects of study covers the 16th to the 19th centuries, a period of Christianization of the gentiles, blacks, and browns. The work of the brotherhoods of Rosário dos Pretos resulted in the construction of a series of temples and, mainly, in the production of polychrome sculptures with a diversified technique and iconography. The research used a theoretical-practical review to examine collections from the states, as mentioned earlier, and included analyses of socio-cultural aspects, religious history, tech- nical materials, and photo documentation. As a result, it was verified, therefore, the predominance of sculptures by Elesbão, and Ifigênia, by Carmelites and, Antônio, de Noto, and Benedito by the Franciscans, and the analysis of the technical, formal, stylistic, and iconographic variety about these Catholic sculptures. It is necessary to emphasize that despite the dissociation of registration from these collections, the images studied assert themselves as an essential documentary testimony of the process of black evangelization and verification of its characteristics. The study allowed us to perceive the specificities between the devotions, characteristics related to the collections of each state, and the relevance of Benedito, as the most revered black saint in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Functional Theory of Values (TFVH) understands values as general guiding principles, transcending specific objects or situations. The objective was to test the hypothesis of the content and structure of TFVH. There were 634 university students (Mage=22.6), the majority female (51.3%). The hypothesis was tested with confirmatory factor analysis (e.g., IFC=0.97, TLI=0.96, and RMSEA=0.04). The hypothesis of the structure was also tested with confirmatory multidimensional scaling (Proxscal), indicating that values can be represented in a 3 X 2 space where the 3 refers to the type of orientation - personal, central and social - and the 2, the type of motivator - materialistic and idealistic. We concluded that the TFVH gathered evidence of its suitability in the studied scope and can be used to understand human values and their correlates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Este artigo trata de questões relacionadas aos conflitos entre liberais monarquistas e liberais republicanos, na província de Pernambuco, no período que antecede a Revolução do Porto 1820 até o momento da Independência do Brasil. Salienta as dificuldades da elite colonial em tratar administrativamente e politicamente com os dois centros de poder: Rio de Janeiro versus Lisboa, Pedro versus D. João VI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates the extent to which a public policy instrument, such as a public notice, can articulate socially shared rules for a musical genre. To this end, it categorizes the projects approved in the Pernambuco Cultural Incentive Fund over a period of ten years (2003-2013) and launches the proposal of the expression "Música de Pernambuco" as a possible category of musical genre. As a result, it identifies musical sound relationships, social rules, new agents in the decision-making process and the impact that this can bring to the musical identity of the country's region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Small-scale farmers who depend on natural resources for subsistence in rural areas are especially vulnerable to climate change and may develop adaptive responses once they understand the nature of the risks and their consequences. We examine the effects of schooling, experience in agriculture, and the number and severity of risks perceived by farmers on the number and type of adaptive responses developed. Ninety-four farmers were surveyed in six rural communities in Catimbau National Park, Pernambuco, Brazil, to obtain socioeconomic data about major drought events and perceived related risks. Participants were asked to classify risks according to their severity. We argue that understanding the degree of vulnerability of social-ecological systems in semi-arid regions may facilitate actions at different scales to mitigate risks arising from climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this article is to evaluate how the State of Pernambuco, Brazil, through its public policies, has responded to the COVID-19 pandemic concerning the tourism sector. Therefore, the study presents an overview of the impacts caused by the pandemic, considering the first semester of 2020, on public accounts, air traffic, accommodation and employability, based on transparency websites and other open information provided by federal and state governments. The creation of the Northeast Scientific Committee and its recommendations on pandemic response are analysed in order to establish the adoption (or not) of such guidelines for the achievement of state decrees aimed at combating the pandemic. It is intended to highlight how the state of Pernambuco seeks to manage the crisis by weighing both sides of the scale: The Consortium's recommendations and sector's pressure to reopen through the interviews with the Secretariat of Tourism, on the one hand, and with people linked to the tourist trade on the other, reveal such impasse. Lastly, the article concludes by pointing out that, as far as possible, Pernambuco has faced the crisis positively, including welcoming the tourism sector, making efforts to provide alternatives within the presented scenario. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Species in the Adelophryne genus consist of diminutive, agile, and secretive frogs that inhabit forest leaf litter and have direct development. Species richness within Adelophryne was previously underestimated, and several new species have recently been described. Here, we describe a new species of Adelophryne from the Atlantic Forest in the Brazilian states of Alagoas, Pernambuco, and Paraíba. The new species is characterized by its small body size, small and distinct tympanum, toes with subarticular tubercles, fingers mucronate, three phalanges in the Finger IV, and an advertisement call composed of one single pulsed note with a high dominant frequency. The new species is phylogenetically related to other Adelophryne species of the Northern Atlantic Forest Clade and is endemic to the "Pernambuco Endemism Center" in the Atlantic Forest biodiversity hotspot. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anthurium sterilispadix (previously A. bromelicola subsp. bahiense) is recognized as a new species, closely related to A. bromelicola and representing a third species of Araceae exhibiting commensalism with Bromeliaceae. The two species share the same highly unusual slender twining habit but differ markedly in inflorescence morphology, each exhibiting characteristics unique in the genus and suggesting divergent pollination biology. In A. sterilispadix, the spathe spreads widely without differentiation into tube and lamina, the lamina is smooth and pink adaxially showing colour changes according to the stage of anthesis and the greater part of the narrowly tapering pale yellow spadix consists of modified sterile flowers which appear to be osmophoric. In A. bromelicola the spathe has tube-blade dimorphism, is adaxially deep purple and conspicuously ribbed, the spadix is relatively stout and the flowers have black-purple tepals and are all fertile. Anatomical study of leaves and inflorescences of both species revealed unusual features for the genus, such as the presence of vascularized ribs in the A. bromelicola spathe, and sterile osmophoric regions in the A. sterilispadix spadix; these novel characters are documented and discussed for the first time here. Nomenclature, taxonomic descriptions, images, geographical and ecological notes and an identification key are presented. Both species are endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest region and are estimated to be endangered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an analysis of the public security policy 'Pact for Life', implemented in the state of Pernambuco in 2007. It is a multi-institutional agreement, in which each organization has its role in favor of reducing crime in the state. The paper aims to analyze the efficiency of this public policy. We examined data on intentional lethal violence crimes in Pernambuco from January to September 2019. Adopted methodology was public policy result evaluation per Brazilian Planning Ministry's Practical Guide of Ex Post Analysis. We found there was improvement for 2019, given that this kind of crime has been increasing since 2008. Other relevant information is that Sunday was usually the most violent day for the analyzed period, and that March was the most violent month and when Carnaval took place. It is important to consider that several aspects, such as economy, leisure, culture, education, health etc, in conjunction with other factors, such as Pernambuco's strong action against violence, can cause crime reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study measures the Rural Development Index (RDI) in the municipalities of Ceará and Pernambuco through factor analysis and relates this index to the agricultural Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and rural population through Pearson's correlation. This research effort is intended to clarify whether the municipalities with the highest agricultural GDPs and rural populations are associated with the highest RDI indices. It was mostly based on data from the demographic and agricultural censuses of 2010 and 2006, respectively. The results showed that rural development is marked by significant heterogeneity, as 56.36% of the 330 municipalities analyzed had a low or very low RDI index and only 4.24% of them recorded a very high RDI index. Furthermore, a strong and moderate correlation with the RDI index was recorded for the agricultural GDP and rural population variables, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the conception, modeling and availability of a Unified System of Consultation and Analysis of Accidentality in Federal Roads of Pernambuco, SUCAARF-PE, applied to the evaluation and decision-making of multicriteria to prioritize sections of federal roads in Pernambuco in a hierarchy of criticality of accidentality traffic, using the data available in the Federal Road Police (PRF) database. For this development, it was used the combination of interactive database development techniques, mathematical methods for the development of a multicriteria decision support model, together with the Java programming language for generating the system's graphical interface and making the application available for the user in Android stores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Socio-education emerged with the advent of the Child and Adolescent Statute (ECA), instituted in 1990, to be applied in the execution of socio-educational measures. As its concept is something new and still under construction, its systematization becomes complex. Thus, at present study the dimensions of socio-education present are analyzed from measures carried out in the open environment in the municipality of Arcoverde, Pernambuco. The study, of deductive character, of mixed approach, is organized from the collection of documentary data, analyzed based on the technique of content analysis. The statistical data were extracted from archives of the Specialized Reference Center for Social Assistance (CREAS) in the municipality of Arcoverde, Pernambuco. The results show that in the municipality mentioned, the socio-educational measures carried out in an open environment dimension the pedagogical and social character of the activities carried out, including beyond CREAS. However, the intersectoral service of the actions is still timid and needs a better systematization, so that the concept of socio-education is fully considered in the execution of such measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the past decade Graphidaceae has stood out as one of the families with the highest number of newly described species in Brazil. In this paper we describe further five new species of Graphidaceae found in an enclave of humid forest (Brejo de Altitude) in the Caatinga, and in the Atlantic Forest of Northeast Brazil: Chapsa inspersa E.L.Lima & Lücking, differing from C. dissuta in the inspersed hymenium and larger ascospores with more numerous septa; Cryptoschizotrema minus E.L.Lima & Lücking, differing from C. schizotrema in the distinctly smaller ascospores; Diorygma sophianum E.L.Lima & Lücking, differing from D. junghuhnii in the laterally carbonized excipulum and the slightly larger ascospores, as well as the presence of lichexanthone; Graphis subfiliformis E.L.Lima & Lücking, differing from G. filiformis in the thick, shallowly verrucose thallus and thalline margin of the lirellae and in the larger ascospores; and Sarcographa atlantica E.L.Lima & Lücking, differing from S. astroidea (Vain.) Lücking comb. nov. in the larger ascospores with more numerous septa. We also provide a range and habitat extension for Diorygma alagoense M.Cáceres & Lücking, an enigmatic species with a peculiar chemistry of thallus and ascomata. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Goal: although Organizational Support is recognized as a relevant antecedent of aspects such as commitment and motivation of the workers, there are still few studies that investigate the construct in the public sector, especially considering qualitative approaches. In order to minimize these shortcomings, this article aims to analyze how public managers perceive the organizational support offered by the Secretariat of Planning and Management of Pernambuco (Seplag-PE). Methodology: a case study was carried out using the following data collection techniques: semi-structured interviews, participant observation and documentary analysis. Main results: the results, obtained from the content analysis, indicate that there is a negative perception of the managers of Seplag-PE regarding the support offered by the institution. In addition, the research suggested the change of the Work Overload category used by Tamayo and Tróccoli (2001) and identified the political factors as a new category of organizational support, which contributes to a negative perception of the support offered by the institution. Contributions: in general, the study contributed to deepening the understanding of the process of forming public servants' impressions regarding organizational support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The counterrevolutionary regime of King D. Miguel (Portugal, 1828-1834) was marked by fierce persecution of its opponents. They were accused of defending constitutionalism and of supporting D. Pedro I of Brazil. Many of them were arrested and some were prosecuted. One of them was the Brazilian surgeon José Faustino Gomes. He was born in the province of Pernambuco and lived in Torres Vedras, a village near Lisbon. He was caught in 1831 by miguelists militias under the accusation of being blasphemous, liberal and also of having taken part in a "Revolution in Brazil". This article addresses Faustino's trajectory, especially in the Province of Pernambuco, in order to understand aspects of the context of Brazilian independence and of the reign of D. Miguel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wissadula hernandioides (L'Hér.) Garcke is native to Brazil and can be identified by its subshrub habit, cordate and discolor leaves with usually stellate trichomes, yellowish flowers arranged in paniculate inflorescences, and schizocarpic fruits. Before our finding, this species was recorded in Brazil only in Cerrado, Atlantic Forest, Amazon and Pantanal vegetation. The population found in Caatinga domain and Pernambuco state expands the distribution of W. hernandioides. A morphological description, habitat, and the current geographic distribution, as well as original drawing are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the high number of records of incidents and people involved in traffic accidents on federal roads, added to the various variables (factors) present in each occurrence, recorded by the PRF in databases (BD); this paper proposes the use of an Information System (IS) that aims to transform the data contained in the PRF database into information, thus allowing easy and "friendly" access to traffic accident subsidies on Pernambuco's federal roads. From the proposed IS, it is possible to access information about: the driver profile, the section road, the vehicle involved, the relationships about the variables and the correspondences between them. Therefore, the proposed IS proves to be useful in addition to transforming data into information and facilitating access to this information, it enables that from the information available, the user can transform it into knowledge in order to assist in making future decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The expressive environmental diversity and topographical variations throughout the state of Pernambuco (Brazil) territory suggest that its landscape spatial pattern is influenced by the relation between atmospheric dynamics and relief features. In order to investigate the weight of this relation on the landscapes spatial distribution, five methodological steps were performed: 1) climatic classification based on aridity index; 2) altitude, climate and vegetation mapping for the state of Pernambuco; 3) delimitation of profiles from climatic and altitude maps; 4) Linear regression analysis on profiles data; and 5) Elaboration of landscaping profiles based on altitude, climate and vegetation data. Results demonstrated that the comparison between spatial distribution and altitude data do not occur linearly in all profiles. The linear regression model shows a better predictability for Sertão and São Francisco mesoregions profiles. The low linear predictability shown in Agreste mesoregion was related to the existence of a more complex relief, and in the Metropolitan Region of Recife and Zona da Mata microregions, the atmospheric dynamics systems favored an increase of aridity while distancing from the coast. It can therefore be concluded that there is a strong relation between relief and the spatial distribution of landscapes in most of the state of Pernambuco, especially in the Sertão mesoregion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main goal of this article is to identify the how important is the geographical proximity during the technological innovation process using the communication technologies. To achieve this the following questionnaire were created: in the scenario of instant communication process, is the geographical proximity relevant to the cooperation in the scientific research and innovation? In this context, was used the data from Pernambuco State in the pharmaceutical field between the years of 2000 and 2010. Beyond the theoretical study, was mapped the connection between the researchers, their knowledge production, and the answer that they provided by electronical questionnaire. The results reinforce the fundamental relevance of geographical proximity during the construction of long term cooperation with greater return between the researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, the growth of urbanization has caused great transformations in the social, economic and morphological aspects in the coastal areas. The urban beaches of Boa Viagem and Pina (Recife-PE) and the beach of Piedade (Jaboatão dos Guararapes-PE), have presented these aspects, where coastal vulnerability to erosion is observed. The objective of this work is to analyze the spatial and temporal displacement of the shoreline. For this, the several data obtained from the kinematic relative geodetic survey method was modeled, which allows the monitoring of the shoreline for the years 2007, 2009, 2010 and 2012. The method of transects was used, which is necessary to adopt a shoreline as base, year 2007. The study area was divided into 6 sectors to analyze the average displacement of the shoreline. Sectors 1 and 5 presented accretion in all periods analyzed (2007-2009, 2007-2010, and 2007-2012). Sector 2 presented erosion in all periods analyzed. The sectors 3 and 6 in the periods 2007-2009 and 2007-2010, presented erosion, while from 2007-2012 they presented the tended to accretion. Stand out that in sector 4 the calculation was not made due to the fact that it is the area that presents rockfill. This study tends to contribute to the analysis of temporal behavior in decision-making projects in coastal environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

If institutions are important for regulating violence, can institutional reforms make societies less violent? This article examines the north-east Brazilian state of Pernambuco primarily between 2007 and 2013, proposing that patterns of declining lethal violence can be explained by changes in both the accountability and effectiveness of formal state institutions and informal social norms. Drawing on two months of qualitative fieldwork, findings suggest that social and political mobilisation enabled a political coalition to initiate substantial changes under the Pacto pela Vida (Pact for Life) public-security programme, which improved the legitimacy and operational effectiveness of the criminal justice system, and coincided with a marked reduction in homicide rates. While showing that these reforms were central in reducing lethal violence in Pernambuco between 2007 and 2013, the article concludes by discussing the challenges of policy continuity in light of increasing rates of lethal violence since 2014. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The geographic ranges in Brazil of 4 species of Neriidae are widened. New records are recorded of the following species and Brazilian states: Eoneria blanchardi Aczél, 1951 from Pernambuco and Paraíba, Glyphidops carrerai Aczél, 1961 and Glyphidops filosus (Fabricius, 1805) from Bahia and Paraíba, and Nerius pilifer Fabricius, 1805 from Paraíba. A referential map is included to these species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fiscal decentralization, starting in the late 1980s, aimed to encourage the strengthening of states and municipalities, based on increasing collection capacity and increasing constitutional transfers. This was confirmed when it was realized that own revenues have increased in their share as a proportion of the total revenues of municipalities. Taking into account these aspects, the article aimed to analyze the collection of the main municipal taxes in the states of Bahia and Pernambuco in 2002 and 2011. In this sense, the municipalities had divided into 2 groups: one with less than 50,000 inhabitants; another, those with 50,000 or more inhabitants, in order to simplify the analysis. The data are from the National Treasury Secretariat (STN) and were collected from FINBRA's Finance Bank. From the methodological point of view, the relevant literature had revised and then Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) used multiple log-log regressions. The examination of the results revealed that, in fact, the ISSQN is the main responsible for the total amount collected for about 70% of the variation of the own taxes obtained in full. The fit of the model was significant with the variables representative at 5.0% and 1.0%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Caesalpinia echinata Lam. (pernambuco or pau-brasil) is recognized as the premier raw material for manufacturing stringed instrument bows. Several studies have identified properties considered important in determining the suitability of pernambuco wood for bow manufacture including density, modulus of elasticity (MOE), and, possibly, microfibril angle (MFA). No research has been conducted on how these properties vary within individual trees; however, an understanding of how pernambuco wood properties vary within trees is important as it may assist in the identification of trees or provenances most suited for the establishment of plantations, aid in developing an understanding of management practices on wood property variation for plantation-grown pernambuco and also facilitate the identification of regions within trees that possess optimal properties for bow manufacture. Radial variation in density, MFA and MOE was examined using SilviScan for three radial strips representing differing levels of wood quality in terms of perceived suitability for making high-quality bows. The lowest quality sample showed considerable radial variation compared to the higher quality samples for all properties and it also had the lowest average density. It was not possible to identify a strong pith to bark trend for any of the wood properties examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the history of Nicolau, a slave belonging to the Order of St. Benedict in Pernambuco. Its goas is to discuss the slaveowning condition achieved by several captives of this institution. Some cases which were found in the documents shows that captives owned several slaves, leaving them for their heirs or using them to free themselves or loved ones. Among the most emblematic cases, I will present Nicolau, who possessed at least nine slaves at the same time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyze the paintings of Cláudio da Encarnação that are in the ceiling of the hall that gives access to the sacristy of the Church of the Third Order of Carmel in Recife, Captaincy of Pernambuco. Using the concept of intertextuality, we aspire to identify the nub of the images, as well as the iconography of its characters, in order to understand the paintings as glorified portrayals of exemplary conduct for the Carmelite of the Third Order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Seahorses are endangered teleost fishes under increasing human pressures worldwide. In Brazil, marine conservationists and policy-makers are thus often skeptical about the viability of sustainable human-seahorse interactions. This study focuses on local ecological knowledge on seahorses and the implications of their non-lethal touristic use by a coastal community in northeastern Brazil. Community-based seahorse-watching activities have been carried out in Maracaípe village since 1999, but remained uninvestigated until the present study. Our goal is to provide ethnoecological understanding on this non-extractive use to support seahorse conservation and management. Methods: We interviewed 32 informants through semi-structured questionnaires to assess their socioeconomic profile, their knowledge on seahorse natural history traits, human uses, threats and abundance trends. Results: Seahorse-watching has high socioeconomic relevance, being the primary income source for all respondents. Interviewees elicited a body of knowledge on seahorse biology largely consistent with up-to-date research literature. Most informants (65.5 %) perceived no change in seahorse abundance. Their empirical knowledge often surpassed scientific reports, i.e. through remarks on trophic ecology; reproductive aspects, such as, behavior and breeding season; spatial and temporal distribution, suggesting seahorse migration related to environmental parameters. Conclusions: Seahorse-watching operators were aware of seahorse biological and ecological aspects. Despite the gaps remaining on biological data about certain seahorse traits, the respondents provided reliable information on all questions, adding ethnoecological remarks not yet assessed by conventional scientific surveys. We provide novel ethnobiological insight on non-extractive modes of human-seahorse interaction, eliciting environmental policies to integrate seahorse conservation with local ecological knowledge and innovative ideas for seahorse sustainable use. Our study resonates with calls for more active engagement with communities and their local ecologies if marine conservation and development are to be reconciled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fish farming stands out as an activity with potential to minimize food insecurity and food, however, displays environmental risks. This study aims to analyze, in a qualitative approach, the activity based on the principles of sustainability, from case study of an excavated tank of fi sh farms in the semiarid region of Pernambuco, aiming to help to improve the environmental management of production activities, especially in fi sh farming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seventeen species of emballonurid bats are known in Brazil, but their distribution is often determined by patchy records. However, due to almost species-specific calls, echolocation can help to refine the distribution of emballonurids. Here we use acoustic samplings to assess and complement the list of emballonurids of Reserva Biológica Saltinho, an important Atlantic Forest remnant in Pernambuco state, Northeastern Brazil. We positively matched calls of Saccopteryx bilineata (Temminck, 1838) that was foraging along forest edges. However, a series of calls significantly different from those emitted by S. bilineata indicate the presence of a second Saccopteryx sonotype in the area. The lower frequencies in this sonotype presumably came from a larger species, indicating the possible existence of an undescribed cryptic species of Saccopteryx. We also detected Centronycteris maximiliani (Fischer, 1829), recorded 35 years after its first record in Pernambuco, and an undetermined species of Peropteryx Peters, 1867. Our data proved that echolocation is a very useful technique for inventorying poorly known and hard-to-capture emballonurid species, with the potential to reveal the cryptic richness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research analyzed the land tenure of the Zona da Mata Pernambucana with the dates of the National System of Rural Cadastre (SNCR) and System of Information of Land Reform's Projects (SIPRA), both from INCRA. From the dates, the properties were ranked in smalholding, small, medium and large; the latter, with the dates of the productivity, was ranked in productive large and unproductive large. After study of existing settlements, the GINI Índex to the Land Concentration (IG-CF) was calculated, in relation to the cities, before and after to the implantation of the settlements, to measure the impacts in the land concentration. We verified that, in the region, there are 560 large properties (1,88% of the total), concentrating 248.000 hectares (40,05% of the total), in which half is unproductive and concentrates more than 127.000 hectares. The settlement of the 14.977 families promoted a reconfiguration of land ownership, in which the small properties increased their share in the total of properties from 17,6% to 59,0% and their share in the occupied area from 11,6% to 31,8%. The IG-CF reduced 15,81% in hole region. In eight cities the reduction was grater than 20%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Siphonops paulensis Boettger, 1892 is a Neotropical siphonopid caecilian widely distributed in South America. Herein, we fill knowledge gaps in the distribution of S. paulensis mostly in northeastern Brazil, including four new state records. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dengue is one of the most important viral diseases in the world. In Brazil, the climatic conditions have favored the proliferation of mosquito that transmits causing a significant increase in the number of cases in recent years. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the epidemiology of Dengue and its relation to the climatological variability in the municipality of Igarassu, Pernambuco during the years 2011 and 2013, as well as making a comparison between years, and assess whether there was an increase or a decrease in cases from one year to the other. This is a descriptive study, through indirect experimental method that consists of a quantitative analysis of the notifications entered into the Information System on Diseases of Compulsory Declaration (SINAN). 1,743 notifications, of these 389 (22.31%) were in 2011, 1,029 (59.03%) and 325 (18.64%) in 2012 and 2013 were recorded in total. The increase in the number of notifications occurred during 2012 in which they lowest precipitation was observed values. It was concluded that the number of dengue cases reported changes within the course of the years due to the large influence of climatic factors for the manifestation of Aedes aegypti and the occurrence of dengue in the study area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tensions in the Brazilian countryside characterized the period before the military coup of 1964, with the intense participation of organized groups demanding land reform projects and access to rights. This research proposes an analysis of different forms of struggle put into practice in the states of Rio Grande do Sul and Pernambuco between the late 1950s and early 1960s. In the first state, there were mobilizations legitimized by Leonel Brizola government initiatives (1959-1963). The Peasant Leagues emerged in the state of Pernambuco; this movement embodied the struggle for agrarian reform in the country at the time, settling space for the advancement of rural workers unionization, during Miguel Arraes government (1963-1964). Therefore, the thesis seeks to identify how these alternatives contributed to the consolidation of instruments that have remained source of strength even after the advance of repression imposed by the Brazilian military regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It was previously reported that extractives from Pernambuco wood (a species from Leguminosae family, native to South America) are positive for acoustical performance of wood. Thus the present study set to investigate the effect of extraction in hot water and ethanol/acetone mixture on acoustical properties of Persian silk wood (Albizia julibrissin, a species from Leguminosae family, native to Iran). Contactless forced flexural vibration on both freeends of beams was performed on thin small specimens before and after extraction. Results showed that the extractive components soluble in hot water were positively useful to acoustical properties because removing these extractives reduced the acoustic property of the wood. Raw wood from Persian silk tree based on a combination of studied acoustical characteristics has theoretically the potential to be applied in violin backs and ribs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]