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Thyroid cancer is the most frequent endocrine cancer representing 1-1.5% of all cancers. Approximately 90% of these are differentiated thyroid carcinomas (DTC) with a favorable prognosis and cure rate. DTC has recently witnessed an increase in incidence with a relatively stable mortality rate, mostly due to intensive screening. Despite being considered indolent and the 10-year survival rate being above 90%, local or distant recurrence can be observed in up to 20% of cases. Mutations in BRAF, RET, RAS, NTRK1, PAX8-PPARG are commonly found in DTC but studies show that genetic alterations with apparently no correlation to DTC might improve or aggravate prognosis. Vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms is consider to be one of these factors, due to the fact that it exerts immunological and antineoplastic functions throught its antiproliferative and prodifferentiating actions. FokI gene polymorphism has been associated with later stage and negative prognosis in different studies. Also, polymorphisms of genes involved in folate metabolism (MTHFR, MTR, RFC1) may be incriminated in carcinogenesis, folate being an extremely important factor in DNA synthesis. Studies suggest that through correction and avoidance of incriminated neoplastic agents, thyroid cancer incidence, evolution and prognosis might improve significantly. For this to be possible we need to be aware of the molecular pathways these environmental factors use to exert their carcinogenic effects [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renal cell carcinoma represents the most frequent type of kidney cancer and accounts for 2-3% of all adult malignant tumors. Papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) is the second most common type of renal carcinoma. RCC usually metastasizes to the lungs, lymph nodes, bones, brain and liver. Renal carcinoma dissemination to the ovaries is an exceptional occurrence. A 60-yearold woman was admitted in January 2018 due to acute back pain and abdominal discomfort. An abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan with intravenous contrast revealed a solid mass with malignant features located on the left kidney, multiple enlarged lymph nodes, and pulmonary metastases - cT3N1M1(pul). The patient underwent radical left nephrectomy and paraaortic lymphadenectomy followed by treatment with pazopanib. The pathologic study revealed papillary renal cell carcinoma. In June 2018, the patient presented with abdominal pain, postprandial bloating, nausea, vomiting and abdominal distension (ECOG 3). CT imaging showed stable pulmonary metastases and left ovarian mass. An exploratory laparotomy was performed, revealing a 8x7 cm ovarian mass, followed by left adnexectomy. The histopathological report described carcinomatous infiltration of the left ovary and fallopian tube, while the immunohistochemical staining could not clearly differentiate between a primary ovarian tumor and a metastasis. Corroborating the histopathological and immunohistochemical reports with the clinical status, the diagnosis of a synchronous primary ovarian tumor was decided. The treatment was continued with paclitaxel 125 mg/m2 + carboplatin AUC 6, q3w, and pazopanib 800 mg/ daily, with clinical benefit after the first administration, although before the fifth cycle the patient's clinical status rapidly deteriorated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. The carcinoma of renal cells is an uncommon and usually asymptomatic neoplasia, for what is detected in advanced stadiums, limiting the surgical treatment, with bad presage. In this work the morphological and clinical—pathological characteristics of this neoplasia are studied in the military population and claimant of the Armed Institute. Method. We was carried out a search in the file of the Department of Pathological Anatomy of the Military Central Hospital, of the cases diagnosed as carcinoma of renal cells, among January of the 2000 to December of the 2004. Results. 76 cases were studies, observing same proportion for sexes. The age average was of 58 years, and more early was presented in females. The most frequent symptom was the hematuria; the classic triad was reported in 7%, and the diagnosis was incidental in 17%. The tumorous size varied between 2.5 an 22 cm (average: 8.5 cm), being more frequently located was in the superior pole. The carcinoma of clear cells represented 81% of the cases, significantly bigger that reported worldwide, followed by the carcinoma chromophobe and papilar carcinoma. In the 18% infiltration was documented to the renal vein and in 13% tumours thrombosis, all they correspond to carcinomas of clear cells of high nuclear grade. In 13% there was metastasis to the moment of the diagnosis, being in epiploon and serous of gastrointestinal tract, lung, liver, bone and nasal mucosa. In 47% they were not histologic alterations in the residual kidney and 37% chronic pyelonephritis. Didn't meet relationship with chronic illnesses renal disease or haemodialysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]