Search

A caste is one of the conventional four social strata into which Hindu society separates its members. The scriptures from ancient India make reference to it. The four classes are the Brahmins (priestly people), the Kshatriyas (rulers, administrators, and warriors; also known as Rajanyas), the Vaishyas (artisans, merchants, businessmen, and farmers), and the Shudras are the lowest of the caste system (laboring classes). However, an individual of the lowest class in traditional Indian society falls outside of the Hindu caste system and is subject to severe social restrictions. This commentary is divided into three parts; the first part highlights the caste system, the second part examines the constitutional and legislative safeguards for them, and the third part illustrates the current social disparity of Dalits in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work understands tourism as a communicative operation in which resorting to stories (factual or fictional) is part of the dynamics of social systems (Osorio, 2007; Vázquez et al., 2013). Based on this definition, this study investigated those stories that influence the configuration of Buenos Aires society. The purpose was to analyse and problematise the tourist narratives linked to the ethnic and social minorities that gave rise to Buenos Aires's identity profile (indigenous, African, enslaved, and gauchos), pointing out its scopes and consequences about the promotion of the city's tourist image. Methodologically, the article had a qualitative design with a theoretical approach. We reviewed secondary and tertiary sources and direct and participant observations. We conducted a comparative study between the elements described and the analysis of the current cultural offer on the Tourism Entity's website. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective/context: This article identifies the profiles of candidates who are more likely to report acts of electoral violence during the 2022 legislative elections. To this end, we define the concept of electoral violence, review national and international literature on the phenomenon, and identify two relevant aspects as risk factors. First, we look at identity-related characteristics such as age, sex, and ethnic background of the candidates. Second, we explore characteristics related to their political standing, for example, identifying as a left-wing candidate. Methodology: To conduct the analysis, we used a survey of 512 candidates for legislative elections designed by the authors and implemented in collaboration with the Electoral Observation Mission (MOE). With this data, we performed linear regression models to identify the characteristics of candidates associated with different forms of electoral violence reported during the campaign. Conclusions: We found that identity factors, particularly being a young candidate, a woman, and from an area affected by the armed conflict, are associated with reporting acts of electoral violence. Surprisingly, we did not find a statistically significant association with candidates who identified themselves as left-wing, as claimed by national and international literature on the subject. This finding is preliminary because the sample has an underrepresentation of candidates from ideological extremes; therefore, this result should be explored more deeply in future research. Originality: Although studies on electoral violence are abundant, few focus on the candidates. This is the first time in Colombia that a survey has been conducted with candidates that investigates forms of electoral violence that go beyond physical violence, such as psychological, economic, and sexual violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Pervasive Refusal Syndrome is a gradual process that leads to catatonia and usually requires nasogastric feeding. This syndrome mainly affects asylum-seeking girls between 7 and 15 years of age from certain ethnic minorities and presents comorbidity with depressive episodes and posttraumatic stress disorder. The Pervasive Refusal Syndrome has a total recovery rate of 78%, partial of 16%, and a mortality of 1%, and sequelae take the form of retrograde amnesia, chronic anxiety or depression. Its therapeutic approach is double: systemic therapy complemented with integrative medicine and pharmacological treatment. The present theoretical review concludes the paucity of ongoing research on a syndrome that, paradoxically, is increasing worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objetive: To analyze the normative and ethical aspects related to the inclusion of ethnic minorities in clinical trials in Latin America and the Caribbean. Material and Methods: The results of the ethical and normative analysis carried out by the group of researchers in bioethics of the Ethic Policy Forum are presented; forum for analysis, discussion and formulation of proposals in policies and regulations related to aspects of ethics in research in the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean, constituted by the "Instituto de Evaluación de Tecnologías en Salud e Investigación" from Peru, the Universidad Católica Santa María de Arequipa, Peru and the International Network of Collective Health and Intercultural Health of the "Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México". Results: It is evident that ethnic minorities are not adequately represented in clinical trials in Latin America and the Caribbean and the regulations in this regard are not standardized, or do not exist in all the countries of the Region. Trials with ethnic minorities can have benefits but also potential risks and ethical conflicts, which require an adequate assessment of vulnerabilities, effective support in informed consent and the research process, by Research Ethics Committees trained in intercultural health and ethics of research with indigenous peoples and Afro-descendants. Conclusion: Clinical trials should include ethnic minorities, with potential benefit from research products. Research must be developed under ethical and regulatory principles that protect these minorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, the topic of rapidly developing non-fiction animations has significantly broadened and begins to involve the cultures or experiences of ethnic minorities. Merits of animation enables researchers and ethnic minorities to cooperate with each other to visualize non-written materials such as ethnic minority oral history and ancient folk songs via vivid animated images. However, different focuses of animations and the different actual situations of subjects make it necessary for researchers to consider how to apply appropriate artistic representation strategies and cooperative methods to displaying animation content in animation practice. This article analyses the different representation strategies in animated documentaries, the application methods of ethnic minority local artistic elements, and the cooperation mode in fieldwork, so as to improve the theoretical basis and practical system for ethnographic animation, and explore ethnographic animation as a new form of ethnographic documentary that can effectively convey true opinions of ethnic minorities while showing its cultural phenomena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Religious changes are an unavoidable part of social life that follows the progression of social history. The religious lives of the ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands are changing in a variety of ways and at various levels. This article uses analytical and synthetic research methodologies to examine the following aspects of the ethnic minorities' religious lives in the Central Highlands: the significant shift from polytheism to monotheism and religious diversity; transformation of religious beliefs and practices; transformation of ecclesiastical institutions and communities in religions. Thereby, the face of beliefs and religious lives, as well as the impact of religious transformation on the lives of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands of Vietnam today has been clarified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is aimed at analyzing some conditions of inequality of indigenous students in the context of the pandemic caused by COVID-19 in a state public university in Mexico. Some contextual data are presented in order to problematize these inequalities. From this, three analytical categories are constructed to understand the conditions of the students: general conditions, access conditions and subjective conditions. The data were obtained through a questionnaire answered by 104,141 students, 968 of whom defined themselves as belonging to an indigenous people. The study shows the profound inequalities affecting ethnic minorities entering higher education as students, inequalities that worsened during the period of the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reflects around the ethnically differentiated approach contained within the peace agreement between the Colombian State and the former guerrilla group FARC. We aim to identify the judicial effects of this notion and in which way its introduction in the peace agreement has brought greater protection for the indigenous people and other ethnic minorities. Given that the agreement recognizes that the judicial tool for the development of peace in the lands and territories of the ethnic minorities is the prior consultation, we also perform a preliminary analysis of the effects of this law proposal. We are currently discussing in the Legislative Power what this consultation might bring for the implementation of the agreement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The scientific article unveils a report on ethnic student groups (indigenous and Afro-descendants), present in the education system of Bogotá (Colombia), and specifically, in the José Félix Restrepo IED Technical College; in addition to analyzing the public policies and strategies that have been adopted for the attention of education to these school communities by the Ministry of Education of the Capital District and the institution in question. The theoretical perspective under which this inquiry is addressed is related to the group/network of nominated decolonial thinking, which aims to make a visibility of the processes that advance those communities, collectives and sectors that have traditionally been ignored by the knowledge, power and being of coloniality. The method is of a mixed nature, showing both statistical data from a social student survey of the institution escolars well as the documentary analysis to learn about the advances in ethnic inclusion that has been developed in the educational organizations of the Colombian capital. As a general conclusion, it can be established that in recent years the number of non-mestizo shears enrolled in the district education system (both in official and private schools), has increased significantly and, consequently, strategies for care for these communities have been managed, either from the differential or intersectional approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The importance of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region to China, economically, politically, and strategically, cannot be overstated. Covering 640,000 square miles, Uyghuristan is approximately the size of Iran. Located in the far west, it is Beijing's largest administrative unit encompassing one-sixth of China's territory. Due to an abundance of coal, natural gas, and oil, accounting for roughly a quarter of China's total reserves, Uyghuristan has been described as the country's "national energy strategy base." These energy resources have been indispensable to "growing" the Chinese economy and maintaining the Chinese Communist Party in power. Strategically, Uyghuristan is the vital link for the Chinese economy's increasing need for imported oil from Central Asia and, through the Pakistan pipeline corridor, the Persian Gulf. It is the key to the success of Beijing's ambitious "One Road, One Belt Initiative" to link the economies of Eurasia to China through infrastructure development. The most important strategic value of Uyghuristan, however, resides in its geography. Consisting mostly of mountains and deserts, the sheer vastness of this inhospitable land provides a natural barrier protecting "China Proper", the heavily populated lands in the east of the country lying between the Yellow River in the north and the Xi River in the south, from land invasions. For these reasons, China will not relinquish control over Uyghuristan, its resources or its people. The people are Uyghurs, a Turkic Muslim nation, who have been seeking their political independence for most of the Twentieth Century. The fall of the last imperial dynasty of China, the Qing, in 1911, was followed by the collapse of the Chinese state. In the ensuing political instability, the Uyghurs declared their independence as the East Turkestan Republic - twice. The first time was in 1933 and endured until suppressed by Nationalist Chinese forces under Chiang Kai-shek in 1934. A second East Turkestan Republic was established in 1944 and lasted until it was overthrown by Communist Chinese forces under Mao Zedong in 1949. Since the 1990s, Beijing has initiated measures to permanently secure Uyghuristan to China by colonizing the land with Chinese settlers. These policies have succeeded in reducing Uyghurs from a majority to a plurality. The objective appears to be to make Uyghurs a demographic minority in their own homeland. Chinese colonization has provoked riots by Uyghurs, ethnic clashes between Uyghurs and Chinese migrants, and repeated calls by Uyghurs for their right to self-determination. Beijing's response as reflected in its 2014 "strike hard campaign against terrorism, separatism, and religious extremism" has, itself, been extreme. In the words of a UN human rights panel, Uyghuristan now resembles a "massive internment camp that is shrouded in secrecy, a sort of 'no rights zone'...members of the Uyghur community and other Muslims were being treated as 'enemies of the state' solely on the basis of their ethno-religious identity." This article will examine these issues and the fundamental question they raise -- are Uyghurs victims of genocide as legally defined by the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide?. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antecedentes: Colombia ha realizado esfuerzos relacionados con la obtención de alimentos inocuos desde la producción primaria‚ la resolución 067449 de 2020 establece los requisitos para certificación en Buenas Prácticas Ganaderas en producción de leche‚ sin embargo‚ actualmente existen menos de 1200 predios certificados en Colombia y ninguno en el Cesar. Objetivo: establecer el grado cumplimiento de Buenas Prácticas Ganaderas en pequeños productores de ganado doble propósito del corregimiento de Guacoche en Valledupar. Métodos: se tomó información en 14 producciones bovinas doble propósito‚ en Guacoche‚ Cesar‚ a través de una encuesta diseñada bajo los aspectos higiene del ordeño (AHO)‚ tanque de enfriamiento de leche (ATEL)‚ buenas prácticas para la alimentación animal (ABPAA)‚ bienestar animal (ABA) y personal (AP) y criterios fundamentales (CF)‚ mayores (CMy) y menores (CMn) asociados a la implementación de la resolución ICA 067449 de 2020. Se hizo análisis de datos mediante estadística descriptiva usando R Core Team (2017). Resultados: respecto al CF‚ en el AHO‚ un productor cumple con instalaciones de ordeño fijo y uno con equipos‚ elementos y utensilios de ordeño‚ para este mismo criterio en el ABPAA el porcentaje medio de cumplimiento es 54,8 ± 24,8 % y en el ABA es 100 %‚ sin embargo‚ en el AP solo en cuatro producciones cumplen con capacitación al personal. No obstante‚ para el CMy en el AHO solo un productor cumple con agua utilizada en rutina de ordeño‚ lavado de equipos de ordeño y tanque de enfriamiento‚ y otros dos con zona de espera‚ en el ABA el cumplimiento es 52,0 ± 19,9 %‚ mientras que en el ABPAA es 67,9 ± 24,9 %. Por otro lado‚ el AHO (instalaciones sanitarias) en el CMn un productor da cumplimiento‚ al igual que para el ABPAA (inventario de alimentos y materias primas)‚ sin embargo‚ para el AP (uso de implementos) es 0 %. Los ATEL no fueron evaluados. Conclusiones: la implementación de la resolución ICA 067449 de 2020 de pequeños productores de Guacoche es baja en los AHO y AP‚ mientras que para el caso del ABPAA es media y para el ABA es de media a alta. Los sistemas productivos evaluados no cuentan con tanque de enfriamiento de leche. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research is to analyze the methods a group of African-Colombian teenage mothers use to raise and educate their children. The sample group lives in the District of Buenaventura-Colombia, and is considered to live under vulnerable conditions. The methodological approach was qualitative-descriptive, following the hermeneutical-interpretative paradigm. The sample was non-probabilistic, by choice. Seven teens, which became pregnant between the ages of 13 and 17, were interview for this purpose. The most significant finding suggests that the practice used the most by these mothers is the authoritarian type. Although, they alternated it with the democratic and permissive types too. It was found that for these moms it was extremely important the assistance and advice they received from family support teams in order to fulfil their role as new parents. In consequence, it is advised to create new strategies and support groups that will facilitate the child raising practices of teenage families in this region, according to their cultural background and context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increase in international adoptions of minors (quiet migration) all over Spain has coincided in time with the rise of immigration. The links between these two phenomena give rise to a hybrid line of research focused on the racial experiences shared by both the adopted population and the immigrant population. A comparative analysis of data coming from three public opinion research sources reveals: (a) the presence of "racism without race" within Spanish society, even though phenotypic differences play a determining role in the social construction of race; and (b) a low "racial awareness" amongst interracial adoptive parents, which leads them to reproduce the ideology of "color-blind racism.". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to compare the quality of life (QoL) of patients with schizophrenia belonging to the Aymara ethnic group from the Central- Southern Andes, with Non-Aymara patients. This cross-sectional study was conducted in three mental health clinics in Chile, Peru, and Bolivia. The data included sociodemographic, clinical characteristics and the QoL was assessed using the S-QoL18. Comparative analyses explored QoL differences between Aymara and Non-Aymara patients. Two hundred and fifty-three patients participated. Aymara had lower QoL scores compared to Non-Aymara patients, for total Index, family relationships, and sentimental life dimensions. Monthly family incomes and disorder duration were significantly lower for Aymara patients. Our study supported the hypothesis of poor QoL in Aymara patients with schizophrenia, after considering other socio-demographic and clinical variables such as the attitude to medication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Canada is a multicultural medley, and this mixing of races, histories and cultures is revealed in literature, but even more in the literatures of ethnic minorities, among which stands out the Chinese Canadian one. Their literary products mirror the cultural hybridism of its community and history is the central theme of its creations. It is noticeable how most of Chinese Canadian writers start from the perspective of the reflex of its historical cultural identity and use all the necessary resources and strategies to show it. The main objective of this research is to do a literary discourse analysis that shows how Chinese Canadian historical cultural identity is reflected in SKY Lee's novel Disappearing Moon Cafe through the stylistic device allusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the advent of societal issues surrounding minority groups, this paper investigates a significant such example in history (1992 Los Angeles Riots) to better understand how mainstream news media covered the story with regard to issues pertaining to key minority groups (blacks, Koreans). Utilizing theoretical frameworks such as media framing and the public sphere (Habermas, 1989), this paper examined how the Los Angeles Times framed issues regarding those minority communities before, during, and after the 1992 LA riots. Furthermore, the study analyzed audience discourse (letters to the editor) in the same time period to examine how the frames in news coverage compares with audience framing. Findings suggested that in the months after the riots, LAT significantly altered its coverage in a way that corresponded with the framing by its readers. Findings were then discussed in light of mass communication's relationship with society, especially for minority representation and framing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to examine the treatment of gypsies in the Spanish press during their expulsion from Italy and France in 2008 and 2010, under the governments of Sarkozy and Berlusconi, because Spain was considered a potential receiving territory of this migrant minority. For the study, the newspapers El país, ABC, and La vanguardia were selected. The interest in this case is that it can be considered an antecedent to the tensions that the arrival of refugees in recent years have generated. The methods used were the quantitative analysis of the linguistic corpus in 474 texts and a critical analysis of the discourse in a selection of the sample. The results show an association of the migrant minority with controversy and marginalization, and that the treatment moves away from the guidelines drawn by the style books of the newspapers taken into consideration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work we will briefly reflect on the tension between the positions that support the absolute need to respect the traditions of ethnic minority cultures and those who perceive in those traditions features contrary to the claims of women's rights. Finally, special mention will be made of a sentence handed down in the province of Salta in which the tension shown above can be observed in a specific factual case and the response of the right to these situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzes the cognitive representations of ethnic minorities in a sample of Spanish undergraduate students. As a general hypothesis it was predicted that perceived differences in social status shape these representations and expectations for contact. In consecutive group interviews, participants were quizzed about their knowledge, experiences and expectations associated with social interactions with people belonging to ethnic minority groups. The information obtained from the participants was analyzed by using a mixture of quantitative and qualitative techniques in order to discover underlying dimensions in their responses. The results confirmed our prediction by displaying different associations between different types of contact (e.g., positive, negative) and the representations of minorities according to their position in the perceived social hierarchy. Findings are discussed in terms of their potential implications for contact interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes the new forms of youth disaffiliation (Castel, 1995), taking a deprived urban area of Madrid as a case study. Through an ethnographic methodology, this study examines the role (positive or negative) played by intermediate structures (the family, the ethic community and the associations) in the social integration of youth from Moroccan, Dominican and Ecuadorian origin. As the sociology of education (Bourdieu, 1970) has been demonstrated, I describe the fundamental role of the family in the process of reintegration. In the other hand, the research shows the double effects of the ethnic networks in youth integration and demonstrates the crucial role of local associations. These organizations, beneficiary from the social mobilization in the 70s, have the capacity to offer new ways of integration, through an effective collaboration between the administrations, the families and the ethnic communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study refers to the religious reform in the Church of Spain at the end of the fifteenth century. It presents Isabella, the Catholic, as an advocate and a supporter of this religious reform, instituted together with the global project of the Catholic Kings of creating and forging a new modern state reigning in peace and justice. This religious reform took into account all social classes and peoples of the Hispanic kingdoms, including the Jewish converts and the expulsion of Muslims and Jews. The Queen, known as Isabella the Catholic, was so committed to the Castilian religious project that she spent half of her life to guide the church in this ecclesiastical work. To comprehend better this complicated and encompassing study, it is divided into two parts. The first part contains the reforms of the bishops, of the secular clergy, of the Christian people, of the religious and nuns, and the second part is all about the ethnic minorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immigrants and ethnic minorities have been identified as vulnerable groups in health, in general, and in what concerns therapeutic non-adherence (TA) in particular; i.e., (not)following health-care providers' therapeutic recommendations. The general aim of this paper is presenting a literature review of immigrants'/ethnic minorities' TA determinants. We will start by highlighting the reasons as to why immigrants'/ethnic minorities' therapeutic (non)adherence should be a topic of concern. Then, we will present a review of the main determinants of immigrants'/ethnic minorities' TA, at different levels of analysis (e.g., broad structural level; social and community networks; material and social conditions) and emphasize that non-adherence among immigrants/ethnic minorities is mostly non-intentional, seeing as how it is associated with issues such as: low socio-economic conditions, language barriers and cultural mismatches. Finally, we will highlight the role of health-care providers in tackling this health-related problem and reflect about the importance of promoting development and training of health-care providers' multicultural abilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyses the genesis and the evolution of the public initiatives carried out, in the field of communication, in order to protect the rights of immigrant population in Spain; paying a special attention to the Moroccan group and limiting the period analysed to the last thirty years. The approach is done from an historical and sociological perspective, and since the testimonies obtained in semi-directive interviews carried out with journalists and politicians who have participated in the creation and development of the pioneer initiatives. The results demonstrate not only the imbalance between the actions performed at the national level and those promoted at the regional level (in particular in Catalonia), but also the influence of the interests of the market and the immigration policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Policy pressures in the USA to transition parents from public assistance to work and concerns about the effects of early maternal employment on children highlight the importance of studying predictors of the timing of postpartum maternal employment. Little attention has been given to postpartum employment patterns of low-income ethnic minorities and immigrants, whose working conditions and employment prospects are different from white, middle-class mothers. Using a sample of low-income Mexicans, Dominicans, and African-Americans (N= 310), we studied whether and when mothers start working the first year following childbirth, and what factors promote or delay postpartum employment. Using discrete-time survival analysis, we modeled the odds of working at each month and tested the influence of family context, mothers' work and family values and plans, maternity leave benefit, and instrumental support availability on the timing of employment. By 11 months, half of the mothers had started working. Having maternity leave, plans to work, childcare arrangements, and a strong work orientation increased the odds of working. Household earnings were related to postpartum employment, but this effect varied over time. For African-Americans, instrumental support availability predicted earlier returns to employment, whereas for Mexicans and Dominicans it related to later returns to employment. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper brings together two strands of study, the representation of ethnic minorities in the media and the new paradigm of journalism. Our objective is to perceive if the social media provide public debate on issues relative to ethnic minorities. So, we analyzed the news about ethnic minorities collected in Público's and Correio da Manhã's websites, and the comments made in the websites and the Facebook pages of the newspapers. The results obtained show that the representation of ethnic minorities is based on negative issues such as crime, illegal immigration and racial and ethnic discrimination. Most of the comments collected on the analyzed websites contributes to the public debate, which contradicts most of the comments made on facebook pages, that do not contribute to the public debate. We conclude that social media provide the public debate, however citizens still do not use the 'ágora', do not contribute to the fullest to build a based public opinion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kazakhstan is the multiethnic and multi-religious country on territory of the former Soviet Union. The country became independent in 1991 and built a democratic, legal state, where the highest values are freedoms, rights and interests of citizens. One of the main tasks of strengthening the sovereignty and stability is protection of the rights and interests of ethnic groups and minorities. The country has created and developed the constitutional, legislative and institutional basis protecting the rights of ethnic groups. Modern democratic Constitution, the laws on language, education, NGOs, the media protect the rights and interests of ethnic groups and minorities in Kazakhstan. The legislative framework allows ethnic groups to freely use, study their language, culture and traditions. Restrictions of the rights and freedoms of ethnic groups and minorities, discriminations on the base of language, ethnicity, religion are nit allowed by Constitution and laws. Well-developed legislature regulates the legal basis of use of the two major languages of the country: the Kazakh language and Russian language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Racioethnic inequality is a persistent trait of labour markets in countries that receive transnational migration flows. Little is known about the societal factors that influence the production of such inequality. Based on research among employees of the Dutch national tax administration, this article identifies the rise of a migrant-hostile discourse that has come to dominate Dutch politics and media since 2000 as an example of a societal factor that aggravates racioethnic closure in career advancement. It shows that tensions among colleagues triggered by public events that express this discourse fuel the career insecurities of migrant employees in particular. This insecurity has negative career consequences for them. The article argues that the study of racioethnic inequality in the labour markets of migrant-receiving countries needs to include a focus on the impact of (changes in) dominant discourses in the media and the political arena on migrants and migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the interest in studying the purchase behaviour of ethnic minorities, the majority of investigations concentrate on immigrants and not on indigenous local peoples, which are of importance in Chile and the rest of America. Considering the increase in food imports into Chile, a personal survey was carried out of 400 mapuche and 400 non mapuche persons to determine the importance of the country of origin in the purchase decision for beef in people of different ethnic groups in the La Araucanía and Metropolitan Regions (Chile). Conjoint analysis revealed that country of origin was slightly less important than price (44.4% and 55.6%), with no significant differences by ethnic group, but a possible regional ethno-centrist effect was detected. Using analysis of hierarchical conglomerates, two principal consumer profiles were distinguished: the majority group (62.5%) assigned greater importance to the price, while the second group (28.1%) assigned greater importance to the origin. The segments presented differences by region of residence, socio-economic group and person who purchases the food. Thus from the results of this research it may be concluded that the importance of the country of origin as an attribute in the purchase decision process for beef is not associated with the ethnic origin of the consumer, considering the principal indigenous people in Chile, the Mapuche, but it is associated with the region of residence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The immigrant population in the Netherlands has been named and defined under the categories of ethnic minorities and allochtonen. Although these categories are directly related to specific policies, these terms became very soon common social categories. The extended use of the term ethnic minority led to the construction of the immigrant as culturally and socio-economically different. The extended use of the term allochtoon led to identify the immigrant, also in the second and third generation, as "from another country" or eternal foreigner. The main result, as we will see in this article, is that immigrants, also after two or three generations, continue to be seen as "the others", the different, the foreigners or the non-indigenous. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article studies the preferences for co-ethnic concentration among ethnic minorities in schools, one of the least known mechanisms of ethnic segregation. Using a survey carried out among Bangladeshi, Caribbean, Chinese, Indian and Pakistani people living in England and Wales, the paper indicates that both the proximity to the culture of origin and the perception of a context of discrimination are factors related to the preference for seeking a greater proportion of co-ethnics when choosing schools. The article also indicates that the preferences for co-ethnic concentration in schools seem to be independent from other processes of ethnic concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nicaragua is not only the largest country in Central America but also the least developed. As a nation, the Nicaraguans are a heterogeneous people. The ethnic mosaic that forms Nicaraguan society is visible in terms of the spatial organization of the country. The Pacific coast is occupied primarily by the dominant groups of mestizos and Whites, while the Atlantic coast is populated principally by Blacks and indigenous groups. The presence of significant levels of dissatisfaction within the population of the Atlantic coast of Nicaragua represents a regional problem involving matters of territorial integration and national security. The current patterns of pervasive core-periphery relations in Nicaragua are driving conditions conducive to the rise and resurgence of separatist feelings among the population in the two Autonomous Regions of the Atlantic coast. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the effects of the 1991 Political Constitution about conceptions and practices of identity, this paper proposes the ethnic field as an analytical concept to understand the complexity resulting from recognition of ethnic diversity in Colombia. Using some of the categories proposed by Pierre Bourdieu, the ethnic field is seen as a conceptual scenary where many agents dispute about the legitimate way of naming and classifying the Colombian population through the use of a central criterion, the possession of a "genuine" ethnic identity. Then the ethnic field creates deep and creative disputes in order to establish or undermine hegemonies that define ethnic identities. Its effects are analyzed taking into account the positive and negative discrimination that are produced in a regional context like the Amazon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]