Search

Social facets linked to conservation corridors and ecological networks have received relatively limited academic attention. This study explores the perspectives of researchers, NGO representatives, and landowners, as well as the community's ideas of conservation efforts and corridor potential in the Vhembe District, Limpopo, South Africa. Surveys and interviews were conducted with communities, regional stakeholders, and landowners. The findings revealed that the community participants strongly support corridor implementation. The results indicate that this support is driven by the anticipated socio-economic benefits in the form of jobs. However, the employment opportunities might not align with the resident's expectations. The study identifies several challenges to corridor establishment, including infrastructure and financial constraints. Moreover, the findings revealed a lack of supportive legislation and highlighted concerns over protected area's accessibility. The study contributes to the global academic discourse by emphasizing the importance of community engagement before corridor and network implementation. It also addresses the complex trade-offs inherent in such projects, regardless of location. The methodological approach employed in this research transcends its regional context and offers actionable insights applicable worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Like any broad political dichotomy, the contrast between a Tory land-based and a Whig labor-based political economy can conceal nuances within individual commitments and actions. Devon squire and Tory MP Sir Nicholas Morice's letters to his cousin, London slave merchant and Whig MP Humphry Morice, demonstrate this. Sir Nicholas often amiably derided Humphry's mercantile urbanity, and more acidly mocked Humphry's friendship with Robert Walpole. Yet this posed no obstacle to Humphry assisting Sir Nicholas when Walpole came to appear, at least to Sir Nicholas, as a threat to the customary rights of landholders generally and the Morice interests in particular. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prescribed fires are used to manage natural areas and mitigate potentially intense and catastrophic wildfires. Education and other outreach activities can increase the acceptance and adoption of prescribed fire use among private landowners. Land grant university-based Extension services are often a trusted source of information in communities on a variety of topics, but no published research has previously assessed Extension's capacity for prescribed fire education and training. This study uses semi-structured interviews to explore the knowledge and experiences of 23 southeastern U.S. Extension professionals with prescribed fire outreach. Thematic analysis of the interviews guided by Ostrom's social-ecological systems framework revealed that these Extension professionals face a variety of challenges stemming from their institutions, audiences, and own backgrounds that complicate prescribed fire outreach. These challenges can be overcome, allowing Extension professionals to conduct fire science outreach and play an active role in facilitating networks to build capacity through cooperation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Applied nucleation and other spatially patterned restoration methods are promising approaches for scaling up projects to meet ambitious international restoration commitments in an ecologically and economically sound manner. Much of the corresponding literature to date, however, has centered around theoretical discussions and small‐scale studies that are largely divorced from constraints faced by restoration practitioners. We briefly review recent academic literature about applied nucleation and other spatially patterned restoration methods and discuss practical challenges to their implementation. We offer several recommendations to move spatially patterned restoration from an academic conversation to scalable application, including: (1) comparing different planting designs and natural regeneration within the same system at an appropriate scale; (2) monitoring ecological outcomes throughout the restored area over sufficient time to evaluate recovery; (3) quantifying costs and documenting other logistical constraints to implementation; and (4) exploring methods for using unplanted areas to provide benefits to landholders until planted vegetation establishes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Landowners interested in rural lifestyles rather than primary production, are a significant group of rural landowners in many countries. Among these landowners, distinctions are made between the management practices and motivations of absentee and resident landowners. Absentee landowners are not uncommonly depicted as poor land managers and as not meeting their responsibilities. Evidence, however, on this is mixed. With a focus on invasive plant management in Australia, we compare the motivations, attitudes, and practices of absentee and resident landowners in two high amenity areas of New South Wales, Australia. We found that attitudes and practices surrounding invasive plant management were very similar between absentee and resident landowners, but that there are some key differences surrounding motivations and barriers to invasive plant management. Our data suggests that difference between absentee and residential landowners, therefore, may be overstated with respect to invasive plant management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under what conditions do land transfers occur under land reform? Theories of land redistribution focus on demand-side explanations for land transfers where the state allocates land in exchange for support from voters or rural elites. In this article, I argue that land transfers under market land redistribution are driven by supply-side characteristics of landholders. Using the case of South Africa's sugar sector, I show that landholders chose to sell their land via redistribution when they had the economic incentive to preserve existing state-support frameworks and had collective capacity from centralized institutions. To understand when and why land redistribution occurs, one must pay attention to the landholders' relationship to the state and their internal sectoral organization. In some cases, landholders may have an incentive to redistribute their land. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agri‐environmental policies in England stand on the threshold of significant change, with a new suite of Environmental Land Management schemes set to embody more of the 'public money for public goods' principle. In addition, two tranches of these schemes appear heading towards a more collaborative approch towards delivering these public goods—suggesting that landholder collaborations would be a vital key to achieving this goal on such a scale. Running in parallel with this policy change is a countryside that has been undergoing a transition over the past several decades. This has seen a growing diversification in landholder types ‐ prompting a re‐examination not only with regards to the range of landholders who should be recruited into public goods delivery but the incentivisation strategies needed to recruit them as well. In this article, we examine the limitations of the behavioural approach utilised by past agri‐environmental schemes to incentivise farmer uptake. We then propose the use of a Theories of Practice and Theory of Capital framework that shifts the approach towards a more targeted pattern of incentivisation, one which enables the recruitment of a much broader set of public goods providers into landholder collaboration. To demonstrate how this framework can be applied, we present a case study around a range of collaboration models. Our findings suggest that in order for collaborations to be sustained in the long term, policymakers will need to think more directly with regard to the different aspects of collaboration that different landholders place value in. This would ensure opportunities for various forms of capital to be generated or for the recrafting of practices through intervention points. We conclude that the recrafting of the collaborative conservation practice not only can be accomplished through its constituent elements but by changing its practitioners as well—as exemplified by the different configurations of landholders that make up each of our five models of collaboration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the concept of engaged scholarship on religion in the context of Indigenous lands, specifically focusing on the experiences of the Ohlone tribes in California. It highlights the history of colonization and the violence and erasure faced by California Indian communities. The text emphasizes the need for non-Native scholars to shift towards engaged scholarship that centers Indigenous perspectives and contributes to the well-being of these communities. It also explores the role of religion scholars in addressing urgent issues within Indigenous communities, while acknowledging the risks and challenges involved in building relationships and navigating disagreements. The author emphasizes the importance of self-reflection, humility, and collaboration in this process, with the ultimate goal of becoming a supportive guest and a good relative on Ohlone homelands. [Extracted from the article]

The article explores the history of the Te Aroha community and mining district in New Zealand, focusing on the gold rush in the 1860s and the impact on the community. It discusses the presence of both Maori and European settlers and the tensions between them. The text also highlights the decline of the Ngati Rahiri tribe and the loss of their land due to government policies. It provides insights into the cultural and social dynamics of the community during this time period. Additionally, there are documents containing references and citations from various sources related to the Te Aroha community and mining district, offering valuable insights for researchers. [Extracted from the article]

Private lands support much of the biodiversity in North America, but supporting wildlife can be costly for landowners. Innovative tools are needed to reduce the risks that wildlife pose to private landowners while conserving biodiversity. Here, we present a range of innovative tools that have effectively been used to "de‐risk" wildlife occupancy of private lands in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. Lessons learned from these risk reduction strategies inform conservation more broadly by highlighting the importance of economic and risk‐management considerations to wildlife conservation on private lands. Incorporating de‐risking tools into the wildlife conservation toolbox can help conservation practitioners more strategically allocate resources to benefit wildlife and the private lands that help support them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid urbanisation in sub-Saharan Africa occurs with little land registration, and government-led regularisation schemes often find limited uptake of title deeds by residents. In theory, there could be private and public benefits from land titling in cities. However, little is known about how landholders value the various dimensions of formal property rights in comparison to informal tenure. We address these questions by unbundling property rights into multiple functions of tenure security and by adopting an innovative combination of methods, including an incentivised willingness-to-pay exercise, a survey, and in-depth interviews conducted in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Examining how landholders perceive dimensions of tenure advances our understanding of limited land formalisation in urban Africa and provides evidence for alternative policy approaches to address local demand for tenure security more effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Although traditionally the focus of Mycenaean studies has been the elite and the administrative centres referred to as 'palaces', nonetheless academics investigating Mycenaean society have increasingly turned their attention to nonpalatial sectors of society. This article investigates the different levels of society that are recorded within two Linear B land tenure series, specifically the Ep and Ea series. The Ep tablets record the landholdings of the inhabitants of pa‐ki‐ja‐ne, a damos that was home to Pylos's most significant sanctuary. A steep hierarchy is demonstrated for its inhabitants by the relative sizes of their landholdings, with prominent religious personnel among those at the top and many 'servants of the deity' at the bottom. The Ea damos, in contrast, differs in the professional titles of the landholders—craftsmen and animal herders are prevalent—and in the relative sizes of the landholdings: the Ea series records plots of land that were more equitably sized and generally larger than those of pa‐ki‐ja‐ne. The Ea series can likely be considered as more representative of Mycenaean damoi than pa‐ki‐ja‐ne, which could indicate that the social structure of typical Mycenaean communities was not steeply hierarchical, and perhaps more egalitarian than may have been thought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the false consensus effect (FCE) in private landowner perceptions of hunting. The decisions made by private landowners regarding hunting on their properties can have a significant impact on landscape-level conservation strategies. The study conducted a mail survey of non-industrial landowners in North Carolina to examine their perceptions of hunting on neighboring properties. The results showed that both hunting and non-hunting landowners had inaccurate perceptions of the prevalence of hunting in their communities. These findings have implications for conservation efforts and suggest the need for improved communication and education regarding hunting among landowners. [Extracted from the article]

This article focuses on the north of the captaincy of Rio de Janeiro, from the 18th to the 19th centuries, to examine the occupation and disputes involving land ownership and the expansion of the frontiers. To this end, we focused on the lands of the extinct Aldeamento de Santo Antônio de Guarulhos, located in Campos dos Goytacazes, between the years 1785-1802. The proposal has as its guiding thread three requests for sesmarias in the lands formerly occupied by the old settlement, which receive different routes, and reveal different interests in the areas in which groups of landowners were established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wildfire risk is growing in the forested portion of the Wildland-Urban Interface, especially in the Western United States. Some commentators have suggested that the time has come for measures that would reduce the human presence in this area. In certain circumstances, however, family forestland owners have a salutary effect on forest resiliency. The attempt to exclude family forestland owners would create more problems than it would solve. A better strategy would be to assist family forestland owners in fireproofing their residences and improving the health of their forests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the article becomes to highlight a new epistemology of knowledge as the guiding thread of the creative process of the samba school parade in 2019 at Estação Primeira de Mangueira. Historically, knowledge stru ctured from a bias of westernized thinking was intertwined in Brazilian cultural manifestations such as the carnival phenomenon. The narrative that the samba school parades portrayed in their presentation, reinforced the myths and misconceptions that the Eurocentric historiography systematized for many years, relativizing and softening problematic historical episodes, such as the invasion and consequently the colonization, slavery and genocide of the real owners of these lands, the original peoples. In order to rethink and rewrite traditional Brazilian historiography, the decolonial movement emerges as an epistemological rupture in order to highlight the existence and resistance of blacks and indigenous peoples in the past and present. In the parade "Historias para ninar gente grande" at Estaçao Primeira de Mangueira, the decolonial episteme is incorporated into the parade, carrying out a historical reparation towards indigenous peoples, blacks and other social groups who were victims of colonization and coloniality, becoming in this parade the true heroes and protagonists of the history of Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lived realities of Judean landholders during the exilic and postexilic periods, as these realities are documented in Akkadian and Aramaic extrabiblical sources, should inform the interpretation of Isa 60:21. The verse promises permanent possession of the land by assuring success against legal challenges. The Judeans' status as tenants on land governed and held by dominant foreign powers gives this verse particular significance. Apart from allaying general concerns attendant upon landholding, the verse may allude to the problem of transgenerational land inheritance. Most broadly, the verse offers permanent possession as a response to the reality of tenancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent scholarship has found that Mexico's dirty war was rooted in existing, but also limited, violent practices established during the 1940s and 1950s. During the 1960s, these limits began to disappear. But it was not until the early 1970s when the state had sufficient capacity to launch counterinsurgency tactics throughout the nation. However, contrary to traditional appreciations of Mexico's dirty war, these tactics were not exclusively used on urban and rural insurgents. They were soon employed by soldiers, secret agents and state cops often in alliance with local landowners and their pistoleros. They focused these violent practices on land invaders, groups aiming at indigenous autonomy, drug traffickers and drug producers. La tibieza ya se acabó, esto es una guerra a muerte (The softly‐softly approach is over, this is a war to the death) Durazo Moreno, April 1977. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The clearing of native vegetation on private agricultural land has contributed greatly to the loss of ecosystems and biodiversity worldwide. Native vegetation on private land may be cleared for a variety of reasons, of which the expansion of agriculture is only one. In this study, we investigate how the clearing of native vegetation on private land is influenced by (1) the utilitarian, social and hedonic objectives of landholders and (2) the way in which the presence of native vegetation interacts with the farm system to contribute to, or detract from, achieving those objectives. Using data from a survey of agricultural landholders in New South Wales, Australia, we found that the landholders' management of native vegetation was strongly influenced by their perceptions of the opportunities and threats the native vegetation on their properties presented to them. The implications are drawn for predicting the clearing of native vegetation and designing effective policy interventions to influence the extent of clearing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public dedication is one method by which cities, towns, and municipalities acquire new roads and highways. The common law doctrine of dedication has developed to balance the property rights of landowners and the public. When property is dedicated to the public, the landowner generally retains title to the land while the public acquires an easement. Dedications can be made expressly through official grants or by inclusion in a plat. They can also be implied through a landowner's overt words or actions, use by the public, or maintenance at the public's expense. The key factor in determining whether a dedication has occurred is the intention of the landowner--the animus dedicandi. However, for implied dedications, "intent" may be determined not only by the subjective intent of the landowner, but by whether it was reasonable for the public to believe that the landowner had intended to dedicate the road to public use. In the 2022 case McNaughton v. Chartier, the Supreme Court of Iowa examined a publicly constructed access road built partially atop a landowner's driveway at the behest of the landowner. Despite the expenditure of public funds on and public use of the road, the McNaughton majority held that no dedication had occurred. This Note argues that McNaughton reinterpreted Iowa's dedication caselaw in such a way that it no longer aligns with the purpose and logic of the doctrine. This Note also suggests that the Iowa state legislature follow the lead of other states and enact statutory dedication rules. Two statutory provisions could mitigate the effects of McNaughton and provide increased predictability when courts consider cases involving dedication: setting a standard for whether public maintenance results in dedication and establishing guidelines on how landowners can avoid inadvertently dedicating their property. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context and background Tanzania have gone through various Land information systems such as Ministry of Land Information System (MOLIS) but these systems were not effective due to lack of integration. In 2018 the country adopted the integrated land information system. Despite the adoption of a computerized system in Tanzania, the citizens as well as users are still facing several challenges which have facilitated the undertaking of this study. Goal and objectives Therefore, this study intends to study the system user's perception over the usage of ILMIS. Methodology Quantitative research methods were adopted whereby the total of 150 questionnaires were prepared and distributed but only 120 questionnaires were valid for the descriptive and regression analysis. Results The study revealed that, easy access of information through the use of the system has high relative importance index of 0.925 compared to other benefits of the system. The overall titling cost incurred with the use of ILMIS is very low as compared to other previous systems; 60.83% of land holders in Kinondoni municipality are aware that the new land integrated system does exist whereby 39.17% are not aware of ILMIS existence. More than 50% of respondents were very satisfied with the land registration services provided with the new system. Generally, with the integrated LIS cost, time, satisfaction as well as service quality is seen to be different from that of nonintegrated LIS whereby with integrated LIS cost and time is seen to be low with high satisfaction and high-quality service. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transaction costs, related to either investigating improved land management practices (ILMP), engaging in adoption support programs for these practices and/or implementing changes on-ground, create barriers to ILMP adoption. Perceived and actual transaction costs have long been hypothesised as a potential barrier to grazier adoption of ILMPs in catchments to the Great Barrier Reef. Applying a framework derived from transaction cost theory, we assess this hypothesis. Through semi-structured interviews of a sample of participants in two ILMP programs, we find that ILMP adoption support program characteristics have a large influence on perceived and actual transaction costs of landholders seeking to engage in ILMP programs or adopt ILMPs. The importance of establishing and nurturing relationships between landholders and extension officers was also highlighted as critical to reducing landholder transaction costs. The degree to which relationships reduce transaction costs demonstrates the importance of fostering landholder leadership in ILMP program design as well as targeted extension in supporting adoption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adopting the proposal of Lindholm y Ekblom (2019), in reference to the elements that constitute biocultural heritage, this research made a comprehensive analysis of each of these elements: ecosystem memory, landscape memories, and place-based memories, which are combined to generate the integrated landscape analysis. In this way, the mannature relationship is deepened in several senses: the riverside inhabitants of Lake Chapala before it dries up, their interactions with their immediate natural environment, as well as some social tensions due to the presence of other human groups as landowners, settlers and businessmen who decide to appropriate the lake from a commercial, capitalist perspective, as well as romanticize and even discriminate against its original inhabitants due to conflicting visions in their relationship and interaction with Lake Chapala. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews the economic rationale of Land Readjustment (LR), investigating the (full-)cost recovery principle from the lens of the Henry George theorem in Korean contexts. This research articulates how land value uplift was used for infrastructure in LR. South Korean LR is explored due to the manifestation of the tight link between land value uplift and infrastructure. In Korean LR, a portion of land by private owners should be surrendered for new urban infrastructure. Nevertheless, the LR scheme was accepted by Korean landowners because serviced land converted from un-serviced land is more valuable. This research carries out a case study of the largest Korean LR project – Yeongdong (YD) – a central part of Gangnam in Seoul, on a land area of 26.8 km2 implemented in the period 1967–1991. YD experienced drastic land value uplift as high as almost 13,000 times over twenty-six years after the conversion from farmland. Local-level infrastructure was fully funded by LR by virtue of land value uplift, without other public funds, demonstrating the land value-infrastructure nexus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Farm advisors are important knowledge transfer agents for improving rural sustainability. Most literature focuses on their role in improving farm economies, but they can also promote greater environmental sustainability. Across Europe, most natural wetlands have been drained, impacting multiple ecosystem services (ES) including biodiversity support and nutrient retention, highlighting the need for increased restoration and creation efforts. In Sweden, these efforts depend on voluntary landowner actions. We interviewed farm advisors to learn how they encourage landowners to create and manage wetlands and the institutional barriers they still encounter. Advisors highlighted trust and long-term relationships as key success factors and considering landowner motivations that often prioritize recreational and cultural ES. Advisors noted overly complex bureaucracy, breaks in funding, inadequate long-term support, and lack of holistic perspectives as barriers for wetland creation. These insights about successful advisor/landowner interactions for wetland creation can be applied when implementing other agri-environmental measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Approximately 30% of the private land in Texas, USA is under absentee ownership. Understanding who absentee landowners are and their land management behaviors is vital for the protection of privately owned landscapes and the ecosystem services that they support, including surface water quality. By focusing on absentee landowners with properties in five watersheds in Texas, we utilized the theory of place attachment to gain insights into absentee landowners' land management decisions and their involvement in water quality conservation programs, such as watershed protection plans (WPPs). By conducting a mail-out survey, we obtained 100 responses, which were analyzed using an exploratory factor analysis and a series of nonparametric assessments. The results revealed that, contrary to the term "absentee", the landowners in our study demonstrated strong feelings of place attachment and heightened land stewardship. Based on these findings, we suggest that instead of considering absentee landowners as obstacles to collaborative conservation initiatives, such as WPPs, natural resource practitioners should recognize and capitalize on the emotional attachment that these landowners have to their properties, thereby fostering their involvement. By demonstrating the owner–land relationship and its behavioral outcomes among absentee landowners, this study provides a novel contribution to the existing literature on place attachment in the context of private land management and conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conservation easements are a legal tool to preserve and manage private lands. Understanding the factors that influence private landowners to place their land under a conservation easement provides important information for policy-makers and land conservation professionals. Our study sought to identify the perceptions of first-generation conservation easement Missouri landowners. We conducted 16 semi-structured interviews in summer and fall of 2020. Our inductive thematic analysis revealed four major themes including landowner motivations and benefits, disincentives, process challenges, and participant suggestions. We found that landowners place their property under conservation easement because of the enjoyment and recreation opportunities that it provides, and they feel the land use restrictions associated with conservation easements are both a motivation and a disincentive. Our results can be used to inform conservation easement processes and policies, as well as improve efforts by land trusts to make the tool more accessible to landowners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In multifunctional rural regions, strong commercial incentives exist for agricultural landholders to convert their land from farming to residential, lifestyle, and tourist land uses. In Australia, those regions mainly comprise coastal, peri‐urban, and high‐amenity rural areas. The pace and pattern of land‐use conversion in these regions is shaped by the interaction of landholders with land‐use planning regulations, notably minimum lot size (MLS) controls. This paper examines that interface in a deep dive into the role of land‐use planning controls in shaping the future of farming in an area of rapid rural change, the Ballina‐Lismore region in northern New South Wales. We argue that although planning controls in the region are designed to protect land for agriculture by curbing pressures for suburbanisation, they have also inadvertently contributed to the proliferation of unplanned rural living. This proliferation has occurred because MLS controls have incentivised agricultural landholders to sidestep restrictions on subdivision by exploiting concessions and flexibility in some of the controls and have forced some nonagricultural buyers of rural land to acquire bigger holdings than they may have otherwise desired, hence "sterilising" these agricultural‐zoned landholdings from farming. We conclude that to better protect agriculture in multifunctional rural regions, land‐use planning needs to look beyond deterrence mechanisms, such as MLS restrictions, and towards planning incentives to promote farming on agricultural‐zoned land. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article problematises 'sainthood' as a sacred spiritual construct by the understanding and appropriation of the same. We have examined claims of Chishti and Dhuddi biraderies (endogamous kinship groups) as spiritually elevated and socially superior groups based on our recent fieldwork in three villages in the district of Vehari, Punjab. We take a case study of Chishti biraderi ' s claims of spiritual ascendency because of their descendance from Shaykh Farid (d. 1265 CE). Chishties' position as chosen ones is contested by Dhuddi biraderi who claim their descendance from an equally famous Sufi saint Dewan Baba Haji Sher (d. 752 CE). Our research shows how claims of saintly kinship reflect the power struggle in rural Punjab where the appropriation of saintly kinship as well as contestations of similar claims are advanced by zamindar (land owner) patrons to reproduce their position of power and privilege. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Samay Huasi house (National University of La Plata, Argentina) preserves an art collection made up of more than 70 pieces, including paintings, engravings and sculptures. At the origin of this collection are the visits that the artists of the sociability circle of Joaquín V. González made to that farm at the beginning of the 20th century, invited by whoever was the founder of the UNLP and owner of those lands in the vicinity of Chilecito, La Rioja, Argentina. In this work I seek to provide elements to understand the history of the formation of that collection whose destiny was linked to the various cultural policies of the UNLP over time. Authorities, artists and teachers of that institution were active agents in the construction of links between two geographically separated spaces, as were the images produced in Samay Huasi that circulated between La Rioja and La Plata. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the complex historical relationships between Russlaender Mennonite settlers, the Siksika Nation, and British colonial settlers in southern Alberta during the early 1920s. It discusses the cultural clashes, power dynamics, and unintended consequences of the Mennonites' actions, including perpetuating systemic injustices and racism. The text also highlights positive relationships and mutual learning between the communities, emphasizing the importance of acknowledging historical realities, advocating for justice, and fostering respectful intercultural relationships based on understanding and reciprocity. Various interviews and historical documents related to German language, Indigenous encounters, and Mennonite communities in Canada are explored, with insights from individuals like Alan West, Gerta West, and Elder C. Additionally, the significance of European cloth in trade with North American Indigenous peoples and the history of Namaka Farm School in Alberta are discussed. [Extracted from the article]

This research aims to determine, assess, and analyze the legal status of the Land Sale and Purchase Deed (AJB) compared to the Expired Building Use Rights Certificate, to investigate and analyze the role of a notary in land registration implementation and reconstruction, and to identify and analyze the latest provisions regarding land ownership rights. This research utilizes a normative juridical approach with a descriptive analytical research method. The data used in this research are the disputed land cases located in Kampung Bojong Menteng, Rawalumbu District, Bekasi City, referring to the Expired Building Use Rights Certificate based on Decision No. 571/Pdt.G/2021/PN.Bks jo Decision No. 591/PDT/2022/PT.BDG. Based on the analysis, it is discovered that Decision No. 591/PDT/2022/PT.BDG, issued on November 10, 2022, has invalidated Decision No. 571/Pdt.G/2021/PN.Bks, issued on August 8, 2022, by the Bekasi District Court. Several differences were identified, including: (1) differences regarding the disputed object; (2) differences regarding the parties involved in the dispute; and (3) differences regarding the principle of nebis in idem. These differences prove the existence of unlawful acts committed by PT. Bangun Tjipta Pratama as the owner of the Expired Building Use Rights Certificate, with unclear ownership rights over the land owned by Rekson Sitorus, and the unlawful act conducted by the Bekasi National Land Agency, which issued SHGB No. 7 as the rightful owner of the land in question. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While increased access to household assets has been shown to improve older individuals' autonomy and bargaining power at home, the role of gender hierarchy in shaping differential impacts of household assets has received far less attention. This article explores the gender asymmetry in the association of older people's (age 60 years or more) decision-making power at home and survival probability with their ownership of and managerial control over agricultural land in rural India. Using data from the India Human Development Survey, results find that in multi-generational households, landownership at the household level is associated with higher decision-making power and survival probability for older men but not for older women. Among older women, the relationship between household landownership and decision-making power is positive when they have clearly established titles to the land or managerial control but negative when their names are not on the land title. HIGHLIGHTS Landownership is an important source of old age security in India. Agricultural land in India is typically controlled by the patriarch; women rarely own or control household land. The generational power conferred on older men with landownership does not apply to older women to the same degree. It is crucial to register household land under women's names and recognize women as actual landowners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is the first in-depth study of an Ilkhanid private document from the Mausoleum of Shaykh Ṣafī in Ardabil (North-Western Iran). It contains the critical edition, translation and commentary of an original deed recording the sale of half a village near Miyāna, in the south of the Iranian province of Azarbayjan, in 666/1267. The document is remarkable for its length, its highly literary wording, some formal oddities and also the identity of the parties. It shows that the seller, Bint Toghrïl, daughter of the last Saljuq sultan of Iran, whose life is documented by chronicles, managed not only to survive the Mongol conquests but also somehow to retain her economic base for several decades. The identity of the buyer and the qadi who legalized the act illustrates the strong presence of powerful Shafiʿi families in Mongol Iran (here the Qazwīnīs and Mākī Qazwīnīs). We compare this deed of sale with other unpublished items of the Ardabil corpus as well as similar documents from better-known medieval archival funds from the Near East. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper serves as a continuation of a study on the interconnections between the Landless Workers' Movement (MST) and the Catholic Church, beginning with a critical analysis of Liberation Theology and its hermeneutical challenges. This second part employs narrative analysis and historical-scientific analysis to demonstrate that, by repeatedly presenting characters who are wealthy landowners and/or homeowners, Luke is advancing a theological proposition and an ethical one. The theological proposition is that God is the rightful owner of all land (as an economic good). The ethical thesis is that, since God is the land's quintessential owner, any human being who possesses real estate must use it altruistically as opposed to selfish practices. Therefore, this study not only advances the dialogue between theology and social practice, but also offers invaluable insights for ecclesiastical reflection on land ownership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We address the problem of landholder participation in biodiversity offsetting, a policy tool based on principles of market-based incentives. Our study focuses on the working rules of offsetting, specifically the rights and responsibilities of landholders. Our case study is an application of biodiversity offsetting in the Greater Sydney Metropolitan area, New South Wales, Australia. We conduct empirical analysis of landholders' perceptions of their rights and responsibilities and subsequently apply an institutionalist perspective to infer implications for public policy reform. We find that landholders' perceptions of their rights and responsibility with regard to i) providing offsets, ii) receiving money for doing so, iii) land management, and iv) transferring the land, elicit diverse reasons for (non)participation in biodiversity offsets in the Greater Sydney Metropolitan area. Some landholders consider themselves in alignment with the current working rules of the scheme, others do not. We reflect on these findings by abductively inferring reasons for institutional reform. The broader significance of our study resides in its potential to inform institutional design in jurisdictions where established schemes are under review, or may become subject to review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Throughout the Sasanian era (224-650/1 CE), Zoroastrian Fire Foundations were some of the most significant landowners in Iran. The sources represented in this study reveal that Fire Foundations were among the most prominent organizations in late antique Iran, actively utilizing slaves and their labour in various social, economic and religious contexts. This article studies the religious, social, legal, and economic aspects of slaves in general, and slaves of Fire Foundations in particular throughout the Sasanian period. Drawing on Middle Persian legal and religious texts, the article examines three interrelated themes: the Fire Foundations characterized as slavers, and the function of priests in mobilizing their immense landed estates, income, and the utilization of slave labour; the relationship between free persons and slaves; and the link between the Fire Foundations and slaves. Analyzing these key questions and the considerable involvement of clerics in all these aspects enables us to discern the structural role of priests in Fire Foundations' use of slavery and within the broader framework of the Sasanian economy. Through this analysis, the article highlights the close administrative and financial ties binding the priesthood and the monarchy during Sasanian Iran. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a compilation of research papers and case studies that explore the impact of climate change on habitat restoration in Australia. It discusses various strategies to make restoration efforts more resilient, including altering planting timing, using older/deeper-rooted individuals, and direct seeding. The papers also cover topics such as the use of non-native species in restoration projects, the impacts of climate change on native and non-native species, and the importance of considering climate change in restoration planning. The document emphasizes the need for a national model of seed collection and storage and encourages ecologists and practitioners to be innovative in their approaches. The author acknowledges the traditional owners of the land and expresses gratitude to individuals who provided feedback on the manuscript. [Extracted from the article]

Between the Restoration and the Second World War, rookeries had a special status in Britain and Ireland. They were closely associated with landowning families and rooks were protected in parks and large grounds. This strong form of identification opened the way to unusual popular beliefs around the rookery. There was particularly the notion that rooks deserted a rookery either as a reaction to bad news in 'their' family or as an omen of bad things to come. This article explores these beliefs, showing how they were the most visible part of a wider belief system about sympathy between bird and landowner. The article finishes by reflecting on the nature of 'superstition' from c.1660 to c.1950. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scare charms, in Ambonese Malay matakau, have long been a feature of the Moluccan landscape, but are little documented. They are erected by landowners or resourceowners either in response to infringements and thefts of property or to protect property from interference and theft. The sanction that makes them effective is the threat of spirit or some other kind of supernatural revenge or punishment. This article's systematic treatment of Nuaulu matakau from the island of Seram shows how scare charms work as part of a system of sanctions. Particular emphasis is placed on a landscape perspective that permits us to see them as a spatially distributed set of material objects in relation to other physical signs and spiritually supported institutions involved in both resource and environmental management and social control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The regularisation of informal settlements has become a common initiative for addressing urban development and growth in many cities in Sub-Saharan Africa. Yet, its governance is still complex and unexplored. This study thus aims to examine and understand the governance challenges of regularising informal settlements in peri-urban Tanzania. A case study design with a combination of discussions from two participatory workshops and document analysis was used to collect empirical and theoretical data. Findings show that the regularisation of informal settlements is challenged by existing structural governance operations driven by stakeholders, particularly community leaders and planning and surveying firms. Consequently, regularisation processes are delayed or halted, which demoralises the landholders. To ensure effective and efficient governance structures for regularisation activities, it is essential that responsible actors diligently play their roles as mandated in the policy and legal documents. Accountability and transparency should be reinforced in the operation and implementation of regularisation schemes to ensure adherence to guiding policies and laws. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the factors behind the failure of British efforts to cultivate significant amounts of American cotton in the Ottoman Empire to compensate for the supplies cut due to the American Civil War. The reports by British consuls on the subject sheds light on Ottoman labor markets, financial strains on Ottoman agricultural workers and land owners, difficulties posed by natural and climatic conditions, the challenges faced in the difficult Anglo-Ottoman partnership, and the extent of central Ottoman authority (especially in terms of the ability of imperial bureaucracy to co-opt or coerce regional elites) in the third decade of the Tanzimat Reforms. British communications also display the varying opinions among British officials of the Ottoman government, officials, population, and the status of the Tanzimat Reforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whether leased or sold, Indigenous land provided the endowment capital for new universities in the nineteenth century. Many institutions of higher learning – including the universities of Toronto and Manitoba – began as large-scale landowners. By 1828, Toronto's university still held more than two hundred thousand acres of land, an area larger than the present-day city of Toronto. The extent of university landholding in settler societies, however, has often been missed because the land parcels assigned to universities were both larger than, and distinct from, their campuses. This article accordingly examines how landholding undergirded Canadian universities' development in the nineteenth century, taking the University of Toronto and the University of Manitoba as its focus. It argues that land was the essential ingredient in university building in both Ontario and Manitoba, linking these new universities' establishment and subsequent wealth to Indigenous dispossession. Using Indigenous land to finance higher education was not unique to these universities nor to Canada. Yet, across settler societies, university landholding made institutions of higher education the beneficiaries of Indigenous removal and agents of colonization. In addition, once in operation, these new universities would also produce knowledge about land and its cultivation. Inspired by the growing field of European agricultural science, Canadian universities with land endowments professionalized the study of branches of knowledge like agriculture and engineering, displacing Indigenous ways of being and thinking about land. The effect of this knowledge valuation is still felt today. The products of university agricultural research – from nitrogen fertilizers to hybridized corn – profoundly transformed landscapes and altered local ecologies in line with settler knowledge systems and desires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research investigating landowner engagement in endangered species conservation (ESC) frequently cites value conflicts between landowners and ESC institutions, such as Voluntary Incentive Programs (VIPs), as driving landowner disinterest in VIPs. Existing ESC policy design mechanisms are incapable of resolving deficient engagement as they incorporate landowner values into decision-making without consideration of the meanings landowners attach to relationships with their land (i.e. Relational Values [RVs]). To identify RVs motivating ESC and points of alignment between landowner values and VIPs, we conducted 24 interviews with landowners about a VIP in East-central Texas. Results revealed that the program aligned with stewardship and management values but interfered with RVs of autonomy and social responsibility. Moreover, VIPs failed to provide incentives to compensate such losses. Bridging the rift between hegemonically designed VIPs and the values motivating ESC requires grassroots efforts to identify and incorporate landowner values into incentive structures that enhance and enable RVs motivating ESC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most of the literature on the chronic wasting disease (CWD) has focused on the attitudes of deer hunters. Designing public policies to manage CWD requires an understanding of how other stakeholders (landowners, non-hunting public) perceive the risk and react. By surveying a sample of residents in Tennessee, this study compared the concerns, agency trust, and acceptability of management actions among resident groups segmented based on their proximity to CWD presence, hunter status, and land ownership status. Responses from seven CWD counties and four adjacent counties were generally similar, but notable differences were found between hunters and non-hunters and between landowners and non-landowners. Considering that the cooperation from all stakeholders will be critical for the success of a regional CWD management program, it may be important for wildlife agencies to recognize the heterogeneity in preferences and the sensitivity of proposed actions among stakeholders before implementation and enforcement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modifications to land can serve to jointly reduce risks of floods and droughts to people and to ecosystems. Whether land modifications are implemented will depend on the willingness and ability of a diversity of actors. This article reviews the state of knowledge on land modification use in areas exposed to dual hydrologic risks and the land owners, managers, and users who directly make decisions about action on lands they control. The review presents a typology of land modifications and explains how land modifications interact with the hydrological cycle to reduce risks. It then addresses the roles and perspectives of the land owners, managers, and users undertaking land modifications, summarizing theories explaining motivations for, as well as barriers to and enablers of, land modification implementation. The analysis reveals geographical differences in narratives on land modifications as well as knowledge gaps regarding variation across actors and types of land modifications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]