Search

This study investigates the relationship between higher education and entry into the labor market in Ethiopia, with a focus on gender and job opportunities for engineering graduates. It uses a tracer study design to collect and analyze quantitative and qualitative data from 158 engineering graduates, 18 employers, and 16 higher education teachers. The findings suggest that higher education study conditions, curriculum relevance, and acquisition of employment skills influenced opportunities for engineering graduates to find employment shortly after graduation. In contrast to much of the existing research, our small sample of 31 female engineering graduates were not disadvantaged in comparison to males when they moved into employment immediately following graduation. Recommendations are suggested for improving the quality and relevance of engineering education to address gender gaps and challenges in higher education and employment. Future research to substantiate the findings in this exploratory study is also needed. • This study investigates the relationship between higher education and the labor market in Ethiopia. • It focuses on gender and job opportunities for engineering graduates. • The design of the study is a tracer study in a comparative perspective. • Structural equation modeling predicts the job opportunities of graduates in the current and future labour market • Study conditions, curriculum relevance, & competencies acquisition have significantly determined the job opportunities of graduates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the testimonies of twelve UACM graduates in Political Science and Urban Administration in 2019, this article attempts to describe and explain the processes of obtaining the degree and how having achieved it has affected their employment. The central thesis is that the UACM is a higher education opportunity for groups that are regularly on its fringes, which favors important educational mobility, abet school itineraries, and diverse work paths that allow a change in living conditions, but it does not necessarily promote a better labor insertion and economic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the age-old presence of the Roma society in Hungary, the Roma issue is only a few decades old. One of the main elements is Roma integration into the labor market. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted that investigated the disposition opportunities of woman, with a typical minority background indicator family name. The experiment focus was on Roma minority group. This paper introduces the result of the field experiment that includes job applications of two fictitious women with exactly the same qualifications and work experience were sent out for job advertisement and head-hunter companies: One of them has a typical Hungarian name, the other one has a typical Roma name. Both curricula vitae had exactly the same photos of the applicant, since one of the requirements of the job applications is to attach photos to the resume. This study found significant levels of discrimination against Roma women in labor markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The provision of sufficient job opportunities is a primary concern for the central governments. • The opening of the HSR increases job opportunities at the national level. • Spatial dependence of job opportunities is found. The provision of sufficient job opportunities has traditionally been a primary objective for both local and central governments. In response to this concern, we investigate spatial dependence of job opportunities among 30 Chinese provincial capital cities (PCCs) from 2002 to 2016, giving special attention to the spatial spillovers of the opening of the high-speed rail (HSR). Using appropriate spatial panel data models, our findings suggest the presence of significant spatial autocorrelation of job opportunities among PCCs. Whilst the HSR has been found to increase job opportunities at the national level, which, however, is not confirmed at the regional level. The spatial spillover effects of the HSR are significant and positive only in the eastern/northeastern region. These findings can help the central government to more fully understand spatial dependence of job opportunities, better plan future HSR networks, and efficiently allocate transportation resources, encouraging cross-regional collaboration to promote regional employment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to analyze the influence of graduate quality and flight training on international standardized job opportunities in Civil Aviation Safety and Engineering Academy of Surabaya. This explanatory research with a quantitative approach involves 75 graduates at Civil Aviation Safety and Engineering Academy of Surabaya. Data collection in this study was collected through a questionnaire. The data analysis technique we used was SEM analysis with the PLS program. This result indicates that graduates quality and flight training as vocational training have a significant and positive impact on international standard job opportunities in Civil Aviation Safety and Engineering Academy of Surabaya. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, those Thai universities offering Chinese majors do not include any specific provisions for employability training. This research was thus conducted using an employer survey (N = 418) to determine employer needs and direct interviews with academics, students, and employers to identify the most effective training methods and how to integrate them into the curriculum. The survey identified the desirable skills and traits in graduates and their importance for successful fieldwork. The academic interviews determined which identified skills and traits can be enhanced using in-class and outside-class training. The proposed matrix model for three training approaches (internship, work experience, and outside activities) and their focuses was further refined via participant input. It is recommended that Thai university-level Chinese programs should implement more specific requirements for internships and external professional experience, including volunteer and student organization involvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we use household travel survey data and employment establishment survey data collected in Beijing to empirically investigate the extent to which institutional arrangements influence the jobs-housing spatial relationship, and whether such arrangements interact with local job opportunities in shaping the jobs-housing relationship. Dynamic buffering is used to derive the number of job opportunities within specific distances of each home. We find that, once individuals have the freedom to choose their workplaces or homes, the "relics" of command-and-control housing provision policies no longer have significant influence on commute distances. We also find that more job opportunities close to homes have significant association with shorter commuting distances. This is especially true for individuals who joined the workforce after 1999. The institutional setup and spatial structure of the jobs and population in Beijing can contribute to this trend. Yet the magnitude of this effect from the job opportunities is nevertheless negligible. • We use large sample of household travel survey and establishment survey data collected in Beijing to empirically investigate jobs-housing spatial relationship and its impact factors, especially institutional factors and job opportunities. • Dynamic buffering is used to derive job opportunities within a specific distance of each home. • By comparing command-and-control housing policies and reformed housing market in China, we find that mandatory housing choice for the workers is a necessary condition to maintain jobs-housing balance. • Without command-and-control housing policies, more job opportunities near homes have negligible though statistically significant effects in reducing commuting distances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aims of this study is to determine the importance of technology in tourism education in terms of creating employment opportunities for people with disabilities. The study is a conceptual review of the literature on the use of technology in the tourism education, specifically related to technology as a tool for increasing employment prospects for people with disabilities. As a result of this research, an alternative education model is proposed for the tourism industry directed at learners with disabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Having achieved remarkable improvements in basic education, India now faces the issues of low learning levels, and a high dropout rate. This paper examines whether the learning crisis is responsible for students dropping out of school using unique panel data that followed nearly 1000 Indian children from 2002 to 2013. We discover that literacy skills acquired by the age of 12 have long-lasting, positive effects on subsequent school progression. We also find that local job opportunities influence school progression. Further, we find that time spent on household chores negatively affects literacy acquirement during primary school years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study attempted to know the status of job placement & internship activity held in LIS schools /colleges in Maharashtra state of India. The survey found to be most suitable method for present study. The LIS teachers of all universities and affiliated colleges that offer library science course in Maharashtra were considered as a population of the study. It was observed that half of the universities/colleges responded to the questionnaire have separate job placement cell. It was revealed that all dept/colleges receive job requests for students through telephone. It was observed that nearly all (14) respondents receives job request from their Ex-students who are working at higher positions in various libraries. It was revealed that only 5 respondents arrange campus interview if there is such demand by the employer. It was generally observed that IT skills were most in demand as mentioned in almost all job descriptions of job requests received by respondents. It was observed that all respondents recommended their students to join mailing forum/lists to get informed about job advertisements. Half of the respondents (8) mentioned that they offer internship activity for the students. Half of the respondents (8) mentioned that they offer internship activity for the students. But out of 8 only 6 respondents have certain credits allotted for internship in their course. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On the basis of a comprehensive review of the literature, a situational and prospective analysis is carried out in order to establish trends affecting the development of Library Science and Information Science within the framework of a globalized society. The main proposals of international and national organizations that contribute to the development of the area are mentioned and an analysis is made of the curricula trends of some educational institutions of librarianship in USA, Europe, Latin America and Chile. Possible fields of work are identified with a future look. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of this research is to contribute with current and systematized information to institutions that train and educate librarians in Chile. The curriculum offered by the schools of library science in Chile; the requirements and functions the labor market requires from librarians; and the relationship that exist between the two of them were analyzed. The scope of the study covers curricula of the schools of library science of the following universities: Playa Ancha, Tecnológica Metropolitana, Alberto Hurtado y Católica de la Santísima Concepción. The functional requirements for librarians of 418 job offers published by the Chilean Library Association between 2011 and 2014 were analyzed. The curriculum courses were classified in 10 areas of knowledge, as well as the requisites for librarians in the job offers. This classification allowed establishing a priority scale and a relational analysis between both, schools of library science and employers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the professional experiences of library and information science (LIS) graduates who pursue non-library roles. The changes impacting the LIS profession make this an important topic as Masters of Library and Information Science programs are increasingly marketing their programs as preparing students for a wide range of professional opportunities. In particular, this article explores some of the types of non-library roles pursued by LIS graduates, the transferable competencies that allow LIS graduates to transition into these work roles, how these professionals develop the skills and competencies that they need to transfer into new employment opportunities, and the desired career paths and career planning activities of LIS graduates working in non-library roles. These data were collected in a grounded theory study involving 20 LIS graduates working in a range of non-library roles. This research may help LIS educators to better prepare their students for diverse career opportunities and LIS program administrators to promote their programs to a wider range of potential students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims at evaluating the impacts of the loans provided by the social fund for developing small scale projects with respect to offer job opportunities or the degree of project implementation. The results indicated that the credit administration did not concentrate on the youth category, therefore this kind of loans does not offer direct job opportunities in the exposed activity from these loans. In the same time these loans participated in other fields such as facilitating work abroad. The results also indicated that the value of the loan allocated to cattle breeding of calves fattening not adequate with offering complete job opportunity, it may be used as complementing another one, or to solve the financial problems for the borrowers. It was indicated that there was some problems in implementing the projects, and about 87.84% from the sample did not implement the project, while 12.16% did partial implementation and the project stopped. The results indicated that the most important substitute for using the loans· were marriage sons and facilitate travel abroad and purchasing car or building private house. In addition the credit agents concerned only with repaid loans without serious follow up the implementation of the projects. The results indicated that the inrest rate on the loans is considered the most important problem related credit activity while the high prices of production inputs and veterinary care were the most important probles facing project implementation. The study recommends adjusting the fund programms and including new fields to be adequate with the requirements. The recommendations also include that it is very important to offer the data and the information about the activities of the social fund for the searchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustaining the healthy function and structure of natural ecosystems is a challenge, mainly due to the negative impacts of anthropogenic activities and climate change. The complexity of safeguarding ecosystems has led to the need of new management tools that prioritize their long-term sustainability. Such a tool is the "Ecosystem Based Approaches (EBA)", a newly developed management practice that has showed great promise because it benefits the long-term healthy structure and function of ecosystems. EBA has been implemented successfully in the USA, but only recently has been introduced in areas such as the Mediterranean region, while in other areas like Africa its application is not known, yet. Further, "Ecotourism" is a newly fast growing trend in the tourism sector that can provide increased economic growth. The scope of this paper is to introduce both "EBA" and "Ecotourism" in order to benefit rural areas and protect the adjacent ecosystems. Specifically, it is a great challenge to develop an EBA management plan tailored to safeguard ecosystems, particularly highly venerable areas such as the protected (e.g. Natura, 2000), while emphasizing sustainable Ecotourism activities to enhance rural areas. Further, this paper provides insights on "baseline" information necessary to be used as guidelines when developing and implementing such a sustainable plan that suits each ecosystem. This will allow the understanding of EBA in developing sustainable ecotourism activities that will enhance job opportunities for rural areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Poor job retention among people with mental health conditions has been an issue of concern in general, as well as within Supported Employment. Traditionally the attention has been directed mainly towards the individual employee, rather than the working place as a whole. OBJECTIVE: The pilot project 'Employer guides' was launched by the Norwegian Labour and Welfare administration in 2009. Employer guides are professionals who assist employers/managers in order to improve their ability to retain and hire employees with mental health issues and/or problems related to substance abuse. The aim of the project has been to generate and disseminate new knowledge about feasible and successful support strategies that increase work retention as well as labour market inclusion of people with mental health issues. METHODS: The Work Research Institute (WRI) in Oslo conducted a comprehensive formative evaluation of the pilot project from 2009 to 2012. RESULTS: Employer guides' interventions contributed to improve employers' ability to deal with employees who are struggling with mental health conditions. CONCLUSIONS: The pilot project has developed new - more comprehensive - tasks within 'On the job support'. There is still a lack of knowledge about what support is necessary and feasible so that the work inclusion of people with mental health conditions is perceived as risk-free from the outset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2002, a study was published in Newspaper Research Journal that explored the preparedness of graduating journalism students to cover business news. In 2012, a follow-up survey of business editors at the nation’s daily newspapers was done to see whether progress had been made in the training of journalism students for the business news beat. More than half of the editors in 2012 still rated journalism graduates unprepared, reflecting a call once again for academia to recognize that business journalism is a reporting area in high demand, requiring specialized skills that often are not taught at universities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concerns regarding the environment and society have inspired several studies on sustainable supply chain management. These studies typically consider that enterprises are motivated by incentives such as subsidies. Consequently, these studies have developed various optimization models based on the positive aspects of such incentives. However, many social science studies argue that subsidies are not always effective. Here, to clarify the relationships between sustainable supply chains and subsidies, we developed mixed-integer linear programming models, considering various subsidy programs, for sustainable supply chain design. The solutions of our numerical experiments on these models provided important managerial insights. We found each subsidy program has significantly different outcomes in terms of job quality and quantity. Further, a fixed subsidy program for supply chains is more effective than other programs. ● Optimization models are proposed to compare subsidy programs ● Theoretical analysis and sensitivity analysis are conducted ● The effect of government subsidy programs on job creation is analyzed. ● Positive and negative aspects of subsidy programs are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although some points of job opportunities and employment areas of veterinarians were mentioned in various editions in Turkey, countrywide study was not determined. The present study was undertaken to determine the permanent employment status, changing job opportunities and cross-sectoral orientations of veterinarians and to evaluate the views and expectations regarding to sectors for near future and the year 2023. For this aim, a questionnaire was applied to totally 771 veterinarians, from public workers (398) and private sector workers (377). According to data analysis, it was determined that public sector employees expect more to found a permanent job when compared with private sector employees but change their job less than others. Although private sector seems to be more advantageous in terms of job opportunities the transition from private sector to public sector was found to be higher rates in today's conditions. The particular fields expected to have the highest improvement potential were 'food quality and security', 'organic agriculture-animal husbandry', 'herd health', 'public health' and 'companion animal sector' in near future and 2023. In conclusion, it can be said that public space are more preferable than the other work areas in veterinary medicine in Turkey and the opinions of participants about the areas which will gain the importance in next future and 2023 year point to "One medicine one health concept" awareness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated attitudes toward interdisciplinary education by appraising the Interdisciplinary Health Communication (IHC) Certificate program at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill as a case study. Sixteen affiliated faculty and thirteen students enrolled in the IHC program as of 2008-2009 were surveyed. Although the attitude was overall positive, multiple barriers exist (e.g., lack of administrative support, registration difficulties). The faculty developed courses and administered teaching strategies unique to the IHC program. Students expected certification would translate into better job opportunities. Recommendations for successful initiation and maintenance of interdisciplinary certificate programs are discussed along with suggestions for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent government legislation, which calls for the eradication of trout from ecosystems where they may cause harm, could damage the tourism appeal of many South African catchments. However, no South African studies have tried to quantify the economic impact of removing trout from rivers and streams. This study aimed first to value the Rhodes trout fishery, North Eastern Cape, South Africa, and second to assess whether the trout fly fishing industry in Rhodes could form the foundation for the implementation of a local economic development initiative. Overall, the study found that the trout fishing industry directly generates approximately R5 658 240 per annum, and sustains a minimum of 39 direct job opportunities for the community of Rhodes, and can therefore provide the impetus for the creation of a tourism-based local economic development programme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This meta-analysis extended a Campbell Collaboration review of welfare-to-work programs. Its synthesis of 65 randomized trials in America over the past generation replicated a small overall intervention effect. Moreover, it found (1) there was no long-term employment effect of interventions in areas where jobs were relatively unavailable, and (2) programs that provided child care were more effective than those that did not in the short and long term, even in areas of high labor market withdrawal. The availability of jobs as well as such supports as child care that enable their access seem to be key elements of welfare-to-work programs that work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Little research has been done on small and medium-sized Austrian cities and villages whose path of development well into the 20th century has been characterized by the 19th-century process of industrialization. The questions that need answers concern the origins of the large industrial workforce of these cities and towns, their paths of migration, the length of their stays and opportunities for establishing permanent roots, their chances of marrying and starting a family, the household and family structures specific to various segments of this group, their integration into or exclusion from their respective urban or village societies, and their contribution to the social and political development of these industrial centers. The full picture will take a long time to complete. The results of the present microanalytic investigation of metalworkers in 19th-century Lower Austria, in the meantime, suggest that a strong relationship existed between the place of origin of those laborers and their occupation, age of marriage, position in the household, and household structure. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This paper provides new important evidence on the spatial dimension of social class inequalities in graduates' labour market outcomes, an aspect largely overlooked within the existing literature. Using data from the HESA Destinations of Leavers from Higher Education Early and Longitudinal Survey (DLHE) for the 2008/09 graduate cohort and applying multilevel logistic regression models, we investigate whether and the extent to which social class inequalities in graduates' occupational outcomes vary depending on the job opportunities in the geographical area where they find employment. By examining different macro-level indicators, we find wider social inequalities by parental social class in areas with fewer opportunities in high professional and managerial occupations and smaller inequalities in areas with more opportunities. Interestingly, this pattern applies only to graduates who moved away from their place of origin. We interpret this finding as the result of selective migration, that is, areas with more opportunities attract the better-qualified graduates irrespective of their social origin. Finally, graduates' HE experiences—in particular, their field of study—and sector of employment explain most of the social class gap in areas with fewer job opportunities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]