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Enterprise Architecture (EA) plays an important role as an enabler of digital transformation with strategic objectives, especially in digital government initiatives. Despite its potential, EA implementation in the public sector faces challenges such as complex organizational structures, diverse stakeholder interests, and regulatory constraints. This study aims to systematically review the literature to identify critical success factors that influence the success of EA implementation in government and propose a comprehensive maturity evaluation methodology. Using a systematic literature review of 48 studies published between 2018 and 2024, this research identifies key factors such as strategic alignment, governance, human resource capabilities, and stakeholder engagement as critical to achieving effective EA implementation. It also introduces an EA maturity evaluation model designed for the public sector to assess and improve EA practices. The citizen-centric aspect is the novelty of this research where the factors in this aspect characterize the implementation of EA in the digital government sector. The findings provide insights and academic contributions in expanding the study of EA in the public sector as well as providing practical guidance for government agencies to improve their EA maturity so that accelerated digital transformation can be achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following the need for knowledge management in organizational structures, more than 50 years since the beginning of the knowledge management discourse in public and private sector organizations in the world, about 20 years since the first whispers of knowledge management in the country's scientific literature, and also with the announcement of knowledge management in the government organizations in January 2021, these organizations entered the new year with a new agenda but an old conceptual sphere. For a long time, this decree will integrate the spheres of the sector with the concepts related to knowledge management. There are many potential positive aspects in the decree in terms of paying attention to knowledge assets and transferring experiences and lessons learned and best practices along the length and breadth of organizational processes and inter-organizational communication. Translating these potential strengths into actual benefits will help to enhance the organizational environments of the government sector organizations, improve productivity and client satisfaction, and reduce repetitive errors and develop innovation. Achieving these benefits requires careful planning, the use of collective wisdom, the capabilities of scientific centers and the participation of staff and stakeholders. The heart of this process is the transformation from potential to actual, the attention and benefit of the competencies of knowledge management experts who have been trained for many years and are ready to be employed by universities and higher education centers of the country. In this paper, while explaining the decree, the challenges facing the organizations are also examined and solutions are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to identify the role of human resource management functions in the government sector in managing crises in light of the knowledge economy in the Sultanate of Oman, and to uncover the challenges that stand in the way of that. To achieve this goal, the researcher used the descriptive and analytical method by reviewing the reality and analyzing data and information by following the content analysis method. The results showed the following: • The functions of human resources management came to a very high degree of approval, and this proves its effective role in various activities and businesses, especially during crises and their management. It is an effective tool in every organization, so there is no organization or institution without it. • In terms of arranging the role of human resource management functions in managing crises in light of the knowledge economy in the Sultanate of Oman, the focus of the training and qualification function came first with great approval in all its paragraphs, and then came after it the planning axis, and this also indicates its importance and then came after it in succession. The centerpiece of the organizing function and finally the center of the calendar function. The results of the study also revealed a set of challenges that prevent the fulfillment of the role of land resources functions in managing crises, most notably the following:  The employees were affected by the cut of the material and moral incentives that prevented them from innovation and career creativity.  Deciding whether to retain or abandon the employee.  The organizational culture of some employees prevents them from adapting to the course of the modern scientific revolution. Based on the results of the study, the researcher recommended that there be a great interest in the functions of human resources management through training and real qualification of the requirements of those jobs, and to apply material and moral stimulation to all segments of the organization's functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

World Health Organization established the concept of essential medicines with the main aim to improve the availability of most necessary drugs to fulfil basic health care needs of population. Access to essential medicines is one of the crucial components of primary health care. Access to medicines is included in millennium development goals as well as universal health coverage policy. In 2000, India made a policy "Health for All" and one of the main objective of this policy is to ensure availability of quality medicines at reasonable cost to the society. The overall budget on medicines differs widely in different states of India and as a result their access is also highly variable. This review will emphasis on essential medicine concept and report of various research surveys conducted to evaluate availability of essential medicines in different parts of India. An exhaustive literature search was planned to study the availability of essential medicines in India. The search engines used were PubMed and Google Scholar. Relevant keywords were used to make the searches such as essential medicines concept, essential medicines report, essential medicine research in India, availability of essential medicines in India. The articles published in English language between the years 2003 and 2017 were extracted and included. The findings of these studies were summarized into a narrative review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the level and dynamics of innovation financing in Azerbaijan and Ukraine compared to the world level and the places of Azerbaijan and Ukraine in the Global Innovation Index and trends in their positioning in the dynamics. The analysis reveals negative dynamics in both countries in this sphere. The innovation financing structure's role as a factor of economic growth and international reproductive relations development is substantiated. The dependence of the country's economic growth level (GDP growth per capita) on the value of expenditures on innovation financed by various sectors of the economy (government, the private nonprofit sector, foreign investors and the higher education sector) is studied. The study consists of data for 12 European countries for 2007-2017 (limited calculations in 2017 due to the availability of information on open portals of the World Bank, the EU Statistical Office). At the first stage, the distribution of the relevant indicators was evaluated using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Based on these results the method of calculating the correlation coefficient is chosen: Pearson - for indices that are subject to the ordinary distribution law or Spearman - for indices that are not subject to the ordinary distribution law. A correlation analysis regarding the strength and nature of the relationship between relevant indices and the dynamics of GDP per capita in these countries is performed to identify the duration of time lags, after which this relationship is the most statistically significant. In the second stage, there are three types of regression models for estimating panel data to identify the impact on the economic growth dynamics of innovations financed by different economic sectors: 1) with fixed effects (based on the least-squares method); 2) with random effects (based on the general least squares method (GLS); 3) dynamic model for estimation of Arellano-Bond panel data, which considers time lags (based on the general method of moments (GMM)). In the third stage, using Wald's tests, Breusch-Pagan and Hausman, the adequate model specification is chosen. When choosing a dynamic model of Arellano-Bond, the Sargan test is performed to validate the parameters. The control variables in all three types of models consider net inflows and outflows of foreign investment, inflation (GDP deflator) and labour force participation rate (% of total population ages 15-64). The second and third stages of the study obtained the results as follows. It is empirically confirmed that a 1% increase in the share of government sector-funded R&D expenditures leads to a decrease in annual GDP growth per capita by an average of 0.15% (excluding time), business sector - to the increase by 0.13% with a time lag of 2 years, thanks to foreign sources - to the increase by 0.1% (without time lag); higher education sector - to the decrease by 0.78% (without time lag). It is substantiated that the state should reduce the share of direct investment in innovation. At the same time, it should focus on effective legislation, motivating the business sector and foreign investors to increase investment in research and development to stimulate economic growth in Azerbaijan and Ukraine and the development of international reproductive relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to review the implementation of the Lean Six Sigma project methodology in the Johnson Space Center (JSC) business environment of National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) with an objective of evaluating performance of individual projects and to develop recommendation for strategies to improve operational efficiencies based on Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Design/methodology/approach: In this study, authors propose the Lean Six Sigma project performance evaluation model (LSS-PPEM) based on Data DEA where Critical Success Factors (CSFs) and Total Team Hours serve as inputs while Process Sigma and Cost avoidance are used as outputs. The CSFs are factors that critically affect the performance of LSS at JSC. Six of those are identified by the Black Belts through Analytical Hierarchical Process, and the values of those are decided by project leaders and Green Belts through survey. Eighteen LSS projects are evaluated, and their results are analyzed. Findings: Eventually, four out of the six CSFs are adopted for this study based upon Pearson correlation analysis, and those four include Project execution and follow up of results; Top management's commitment and participation; The use of data analysis with easily obtainable data; Attention given to both long and short term targets. Using data between the years 2009 and 2011, seven of the eighteen projects are found to be efficient. The benchmark analysis and slack analysis are conducted to provide further recommendation for JSC managers. Three out of those seven efficient projects are most frequently used as an efficient peer. Practical implications: Traditionally, DEA has been considered as a data-driven approach. In this study, authors incorporate the survey-based CSFs into the DEA frame. Since many organizations may have different CSFs, the framework presented in this study can be easily applied to other organizations. Originality/value: This study provides a DEA-based framework and case study of LSS project evaluation in the government sector, which is very unique application to author's best knowledge. The framework is unique in terms of its input factor selection and quantification procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the study was to explore factors that impact on trust relationships in a sample of South African organisations. A survey on trust was administered to a convenience sample of 484 respondents In the public and private economic sectors In South Africa. Parametric and non-parametric analyses were used to examine differences in trust between economic sectors and sample periods. Public sector participants differed from private sector employees In their levels of trust, compared to those in other sectors. Specifically, measures on the dimensions of change and organisational trust were significantly lower than expected. Senior employees or those at higher job levels experienced trust more positively over time. Higher trust levels were apparent between colleagues and between employees and their immediate managers than between employees and top management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Space faring nations are actively engaged in planning and execution of missions aimed at exploring and using space. Some of these efforts include expanding the human presence beyond Earth. Future exploration programs will seek answers to questions concerning the origin of the universe and life within it. The launching of hardware and humans, in addition to mission execution in space environment, is only possible with technologies that enable such endeavors. Thus, nations involved in space enterprise are pursuing the development of breakthrough technologies on numerous aspects of robotic and human missions. The use of planetary resources and reuse of resources taken from Earth are deemed essential for safety and cost effectiveness of future exploration missions. Consequently, new/advanced/game-changing technologies and methodologies will enable sustainable and affordable space exploration. This paper presents aspects of transferring these technologies/methodologies for application to space missions and commercial markets to economically benefit society. These technologies are aimed at enabling space missions as well as providing new and improved products, manufacturing processes, and services in the commercial sector. A discussion of the potential risks and problems in technology transfer is presented for both commercial and space sectors. Also identified are sources of concerns and possible solutions to effectively commercializing technologies developed for space applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study looks at factors affecting the decision of early retirement for Egyptian government sector employees. The empirical analysis is based on 2005 nationally representative sample of government sector workers. Among the findings of this study are: women are more likely to retire earlier than men; good health status is associated with longer stay on the job; the level of education is not a determining factor for women, but it is for men; men plan to work after their early retirement; the presence of the working wife has a positive effect on her husband to retire early, yet a working husband discourages his wife from retiring early. Policy implications discussed timing of the announcement of the plans; the potential outcome of excessive payouts, as well as the need for the government to provide early retirees with necessary skills and training to plan their after retirement years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article describes the development of Korean as a foreign language (KFL) in the USA, from its modest beginnings in the 1940s, through a period of rapid growth that began in the late 1970s, to its present strong position at all levels of the educational system, including elementary and secondary school, the universities, and the government sector. Recent growth is attributed to three main factors: the increasing visibility of South Korea on the international stage, greater number of Korean immigrants in the USA, and increasing involvement of the Korean government in the teaching of Korean internationally. An examination of instructional settings shows a growing conflict between the needs of learners of Korean as a heritage language and those who are learning it 'from scratch'. The implications of the current situation for future research and development in the teaching of Korean in the USA are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]