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Eremanthus incanus is a native tree of Brazil with economic, ecological, and social importance, but it faces risks due to predatory exploitation and a lack of research. The objective of this study is to evaluate the biometrics and seed germination of different mother trees in order to contribute to the valorization, conservation, and cultivation of the species. Phenotypically, 10 mother trees were selected from a Candeia population located in the Diamantina region of Minas Gerais, from which seeds resulting from open pollination were collected. For the biometric analysis, 100 seeds from each mother tree were randomly sampled, distributed on millimeter paper in four repetitions of 25 units each, and evaluated for weight, length, and width. The germination study began with disinfestation and selection of seeds using the densimetric method. Subsequently, the material was placed in germination boxes containing germitest paper. The experiment was set up in BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) germination chambers following a randomized block design, with ten mother trees and four repetitions of 25 seeds per plot. Germination was evaluated on alternate days, until a constant point was reached. Significant effects ofE. incanus mother trees were observed on biometric variables as well as on the germination rate and germination speed index of the seeds. Understanding these effects advances knowledge about the species and its potentialities, contributing to the development of more efficient propagation and conservation strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article from Environmental Legal News reports that Galicia has approved the Evaluation and Monitoring Commission of Law 11/2021, which aims to recover agricultural, livestock, and forestry lands. The law also promotes sustainable agricultural practices, active forest management, combating soil degradation, and preventing the abandonment of agroforestry lands. Additionally, it focuses on gender equality and the generational renewal of agroforestry operations. [Extracted from the article]

The major of Forest Sciences, constitutes in The National University of Forestry Sciences (UNACIFOR), of Honduras, an important pillar for its professional profile, for the social commission and the typical characteristics of Honduras as a purely forest country, with an ecological wealth and distinctive biodiversity in Central America. That is why the preparation of their teachers, students and managers is crucial to respond competently to their actions; being the objective of this article: To show the need of incorporating the vision of rural competences and extensionism in the development of Honduran forestry activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The diversity and annual fluctuation of cerambicids associated with the rain forest edge and interior was estimated. The capture of insects was performed with interception traps baited with ethyl alcohol and ultraviolet light traps used as attractants. 295 specimens from three subfamilies, belonging to 56 species of 38 genera were collected. Lamiinae was the richest subfamily, with 40 species distributed in 20 genera, for Cerambycinae 14 species from 12 genera were collected and for Parandrinae two species of one genus. The most abundant genus was Leptostylus with eight species. Six species were identified as new records for Mexico and 29 for Tabasco. In the forest edge, 155 specimens from two subfamilies, belonging to 37 species from 26 genera, were collected. In the forest interior 140 specimens were collected from three subfamilies, belonging to 36 species from 26 genera. It was determined that the communities have 17 shared species. The maximum value of true diversity was obtained in the forest edge with 15.96 and the minimum value in the forest interior with 12.69. The values of Δ, Δ * and Δ+ were determined and implied a low phylogenetic separation between the cerambycid species in both communities. The temporal fluctuation of the Cerambycidae community presented the maximum values abundance in February, May and August, months where there is a reduction in the precipitation. Finally, the species accumulation curve does not present an asymptote, so new records may increase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this sentence, the Superior Court of Justice of the Valencian Community dismisses the appeal of an agricultural company that sought to transform forest land into agricultural land. The company argued that the plots were not affected by a forest fire and that their use was for irrigated agriculture. However, the court determined that the plots were forested and were indeed affected by the fire, so the appeal was dismissed. Additionally, it was established that forest territorial action plans take priority over urban planning. [Extracted from the article]

The sentence of the High Court of Justice of the Region of Murcia on December 2, 2021 addresses the case of an agricultural company that requested the cleaning of an abandoned plot to plant almond trees. The court concluded that the change of use was not exceptional and that the presence of habitats of community interest in the plot justified the denial of authorization. Despite the existence of a road on the plot, it is not considered a discontinuity in the continuity of the forest land. The appeal filed is dismissed. [Extracted from the article]

In the last decades, the introduction of new technologies, learning techniques and teaching methods has had an impact on simplifying the understanding of concepts; the ease of finding information through Internet sources, social networks and interactive media has generated reinforcement in dynamic learning systems, especially at the university level. The objective of this work was to analyze the learning trends implemented at the university level, as well as the challenges and potential changes that should be considered in coming years, to improve learning and increase knowledge in science university students. Forestry. Employing a bibliographic review, behavioral and cognitive psychological theories were taken into account; Also, trends in types of learning were analyzed, from the traditional alternative (memory) to newer ones such as cooperative, emotional and latent, which stimulate the development and use of soft skills. The results showed that currently, the trends are moving towards theoretical-practical learning in which the emotional and experimental part takes relevance and improves the interaction with social reality and the intimate environment. Finally, the long-term perspectives were considered in which the implementation of e-learning (the combination of social networks), programs, videos, and computer equipment promote the empowerment of new knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil, in addition to storing, provides CO2 to the atmosphere emitted by soil respiration, mainly due to biotic and abiotic factors, as well as soil management. The objective of the research was to evaluate soil respiration in different uses and quantify its CO2 emissions at two different times of the year, as well as estimate its storage to make a balance to establish strategies that allow with the climate change mitigation. The CO2 emission was measured every 30 min by using a closed dynamic chamber placed on the soil and integrated with an infrared gas analyzer, as well as temperature and moisture of the soil with sensors. Three land uses (agroforestry, forestry and agricultural) and two seasons of the year (summer and winter) were analyzed for 24 continuous hours at each site. Positive correlation between environmental temperature and soil respiration was found. The agricultural system stores low carbon content in the soil (50.31 t C ha-1) and emits 9.28 t of C ha-1 in the highest temperature season, in contrast to a natural system that emits 3.98 t of C ha??1 and stores 198.90 t of C ha??1. The balance sheet reflects the need to know CO2 emissions to the atmosphere from soils and not just storages. Having scientific support from the ground to the atmosphere is an important step in decision-making that will contribute to climate change mitigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The eucalyptus is at the center of the Galician forest policy debate: While the ecologists defend their harmful characteristics to the environment, the forest owners claim their great economic benefits. In this article the legal perspective will be analyzed, with special incidence on the problems generated in the legislation in relation to it's possible qualification as a naturalized species or invasive species, regarding its environmental impact with a prominent mention of forest fires and on the tension between economic development and the environment, from a vision focused on the Galician Autonomous Community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LiDAR technology is a surveying method that illuminates a target with pulsed laser light and makes an accurate digital 3D representation. LiDAR is commonly used in a wide variety of surveying applications, such as geodesy, geomatics and forestry and it is also been employed nowadays to develop the control and navigation systems of autonomous cars. Thus, the aim of this paper is to explain how LiDAR technology works and how it is employed to improve forestry and geomatic surveys, explaining how the LiDAR measurement is performed and some processing steps to obtain high-resolution LiDAR-based maps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Aliso Alnus acuminata Kunth is a forest species of the of the Colombian Andes associated with Kikuyu grass as silvopastoral system (SPS) and fixe atmospheric N. The SPS was compared with 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg N ha-1 year-1 at 30, 45 and 60 days on pasture quality, expressed as green forage (GF), dry matter (DM), percentage of crude protein (% CP) and N absorbed, also fluxes N2O emissions to the atmosphere were evaluated. The SPS exceeded to 0 and 50 kg.N.ha-1 in all variables, less in the N2O emission fluxes that was greater than 0 kg.N.ha-1 (P<0.05), equal to 50 kg.N.ha-1 (P>0.05) and in GF was similar to 100 kg.N.ha-1 (p>0.05). 150 and 200 kg.N.ha-1.year-1 exceeded all the variables to the SSP. A higher GF and DM was achieved at 45 days and %CP at 30 days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The definition of limits of any geographic unit, based in the physiography of the landscape, is useful at the moment of developing environmental management politics and guidelines. Several authors have divided the Argentine Republic into regions according to the characteristics of native vegetation. The resulting units are known as phytogeographic provinces. The Monte Phytogeography Province is one of the largest ecoregions of the country and is defined as a unit where the environmental aspects are complex and difficult to categorize. In the present paper, a review of the limits of this phytogeographic province is made, according to bibliographic records of different authors. Survey trips were made and the collected data was georeferenced. A geographic information system was created with geodata and through records analysis, field work and adopting several criteria for its evaluation; the adjusted limits for the ecoregion were adjusted. A new map of the Monte Phytogeography Province is proposed for its use as input in the application of politics in the territory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Ecuador, plant propagation techniques are not available commercially to establish clonal banks of Caesalpinia spinosa (Mol.) O. Kuntz (guarango) plus trees, which limits the development of in vitro propagation protocols of this specie. The objective of the present work was to establish a clonal bank of C. spinosa by selecting plus trees and grafting. Guarango trees belonging to the province of Chimborazo, Guano canton were selected based on total height, height at the beginning of the crown, height of crown, crown surface, crown symmetry, flowering, fruit production and content of tannins in the pod. The patron plants to make the grafts were obtained from scarified seeds, soaked for 48 hours at room temperature and planted in beds of 1.0 x 3.0 m. At 40 days, the seedlings were transplanted into pockets and at 16 months the grafts were made in the patron plants. Three types of graft were used (simple slit in the patron, single slit in the spike and bud grafting). For each, 100 patron were used. Of the eight trees plus collected in the field, the ecotype CHSt03 was used to make the grafts. It was showed the highest total height (6.6m), height at the beginning of the cup (2.2m), cup surface (> 70%), cup volume (> 10%), cup symmetry (1), fruit (40kg / tree) and total polyphenol content in pods (5870 μgEAGgMS-1). The graft by simple slit in the patron had the highest stuck percentage (80%). These results allowed to establish a clonal bank of 80 plants grafted of C. spinosa of the ecotype CHSt03, which establish the bases to develop protocols for in vitro propagation of this forest species, native of Ecuador. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

He is carried out a study whose objective is therefore: to analyze the tendencies and impacts of the formation of competitions in Cuba, particularizing in the Forest career. He also settles down an approach to the term competitions, clarifying the necessity of their insert in the cuban superior education for the sake of achieving a bigger and better development professional. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Order published by the Region of Murcia establishes a catalog of publicly owned forest areas for the implementation of emissions offset and forest improvement projects. These projects aim to reduce and offset carbon footprint through the absorption of carbon dioxide. The order allows for public-private collaboration in the creation of forest areas as greenhouse gas sinks. Catalogs and maps of available forest areas for the implementation of these projects are published. Interested parties can submit proposals for action for approval and implementation. [Extracted from the article]

Prosopis alba is the main native species used in the furniture industry in the el Chaco province, Argentina. Despite the economic importance there are not dasometric records in the Chaco province. The objective of this study was to investigate the growth of P. alba plantations. Three plantations (4, 5 and 7 years old) at different plant densities were studied.In each plantation, the normal diameter and total height was measured. In addition, the average of annual increases in diameter and height; the arithmetic means of annual increments and the weighted mean of annual increases in the average of diameter and height were calculated for each plantation at 95% confidence level. The analysis of varianza and the Tukey's test were performed to analyze the data output. In seven years old plants, the lower thresholds of the average annual increase in diameter and height were 0,158 and 0,80m, respectively; while the upper thresholds were 0,187 and 0,93m, respectively. Significant differences were observed in plantations of 4 and 5 years old compared to plantations of 7 years old. The weighted average of the growth in diameter and height were 0,172 and 0,87m, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work sought to analyze the relationships among the atmospheric variables reported daily by the La Selva biological station, which is located on the mountain slopes of the Costa Rican Caribbean, covering 1614 hectares of tropical humid lowlands, through the biotic pump theory developed by Anastassia Makarieva and Victor Gorshkov, which states the importance of the participation of los forests during the process of generating winds in the intertropical convergence zone, being a dynamic and vital factor for the permanence of the hydrological cycle that fulfills the mission of delivering rains to the interior of the continents. In the biotic pump theory, Makarieva and colleagues postulate that the high rate of evapotranspiration is maintained by Tropical rainforests throughout the year and it gives way to a net force, which results from changes of the partial pressure of water vapor. These changes have a double element: first, the partial pressure of water vapor and, second, condensation. Upon combining these elements, temperature is reduced with altitude and the liberation by the vegetation of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). The end result of the theory is a water vapor pump from the vegetation, through evapotranspiration onto the atmosphere, followed by condensation, which leads to upward acceleration, hence, on the vertical plane of the lower air mass. This work established the relationships among the thermodynamic variables insinuated by the biotic pump theory, using available information offered by La Selva station. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pinus taeda L. is a forest species of great international importance and in Argentina. Biotechnological techniques can provide an alternative to propagate this species, as well as for obtaining mother plants. The aim of this study was to achieve adequate elongation of in vitro shoots before transfer to the rooting stage. The shoots were obtained from acclimatized mother plants. It was disinfected for in vitro establishment. Two types of basal culture media: WV5 and DCR were studied. The best results were achieved with the combination of the WV5 salts supplement with 0.5% activated carbon, 0.01 mg l-1 ANA to obtain vigorous and longer than 40.0 mm in length shoots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acacia (Acacia mangium Willd) is one of the most planted forest species because of the quality of its wood; however, and despite its importance is not easy to find juvenile plant material in adult trees to be used as a source for vegetative propagation. The present research had as objective to develop a micropropagation protocol for acacia from preexisting meristems. The explants consisted of stem section isolated from three months old plants maintained in under greenhouse condition sand shoots from in vitrogerminatedseeds. Surface disinfection was done with different sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) concentrations plus antibiotics. Disinfected shoots were established in semisolid MS with different BAP concentrations (0; 0,44; 0,88 and 2,22 µM). Multiplied shoots were rooted using different NAA and IBA amounts and finally shoots with, or without, roots were transferred to ex vitro conditions to evaluate field adaptation. The data showed that 1,0% NaOCl and cefalexina (2 mg L-1) allowed the highest percentage of non-contaminated explants (67%). Explants cultured with 2,22 µM BAP produced the highest number of new shoots, while 2,69 µM ANA induced more roots per shoot. An 87% survival was observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presence of fungal contaminants may limit the establishment of bamboo explants. Knowing the contaminant microorganisms present in donor plants allow to trace more appropriate control strategies. This work was aimed at identifying the mycobiota of donor plants of bamboo species and to identify the filamentous fungi in the establishment stage to control them. The method of the humid camera was used to determine and to identify the filamentous fungus. Then, direct preparations of growth fungus for the optic microscope were carried out. It was observed that the donor plants of bamboos had a mycobiota composed of diverse genera of filamentous fungi: Alternaria, Botryotrichum, Cladosporium, Curvularia, Fusarium y Nigrospora. The genera Asteromella, Bipolaris and Humicola were identified in the establishment stage, while Alternaria, Botryotrichum, Cladosporium, Curvularia, Fusarium and Nigrospora appeared in donor plants and in the establishment. In species Dendrocalamus asper, Dendrocalamus strictus, Guadua angustifolia and Gigantochloa atter, the genus Nigrospora showed the highest frequency of appearance, while in Bambusa vulgaris the filamentous fungus with highest frequency was Fusarium. A phytosanitary defense plan for donor plants was developed. It included systemic and contact fungicides which spectrum of activity covered the identified fungi genera. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Swietenia macrophylla King is difficult to be propagated by tissue culture and there is not an efficient system via organogenesis, due to problems of microbial contamination, phenolic oxidation and death of tissue in the phase of in vitro establishment of explants. In order to establish a protocol for obtaining somatic embryos, zygotic embryos were used as initial plant material. Three combinations of 2,4-D with kinetin were studied, to obtain the formation of somatic embryos. After six weeks of culture, the number of explants with high and low somatic embryogenesis frequency were determined. So that the somatic embryos in globular stage reach the final stages of torpedo and cotyledonal, these were placed in three treatments with 6-BAP (0.2, 0.4 y 0.6 mg·l-1). The number of somatic embryos that reached the torpedo and cotyledonal stages were evaluated after 30 days of culture. Results demonstrated that direct somatic embryogenesis from immature zygotic embryos is obtained in the culture medium composed by MS salts with 4.0 mg·l-1 of 2,4-D and 1.0 mg·l-1 of kinetin. Higher percentage of somatic embryos in cotiledonal stage (91.7 %), was obtained with 0.4 mg·l-1 of 6-BAP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Las plantas medicinales y el hombre han mantenido una estrecha relación, sin embargo en la actualidad estas prácticas ancestrales se han ido perdiendo [1]. Para el caso de las veredas Verjón Alto y Verjón Bajo, pertenecientes a la Reserva Forestal Protectora Bosque Oriental en Bogotá, es poca la información existente sobre las herbáceas medicinales cultivadas y silvestres, así como sus usos. Se investigó el uso de plantas herbáceas medicinales que son cultivadas en las huertas y aquellas en estado silvestre en las veredas Verjón Alto y Verjón Bajo, con la participación de campesinos nativos de esta zona rural, ubicada dentro de la Reserva Forestal Protectora Bosque Oriental de la ciudad de Bogotá. Posteriormente, se comparó cuáles de estas son comercializadas en cuatro plazas de mercado de Bogotá. Se realizaron 100 entrevistas, donde se preguntó el uso y las propiedades medicinales de las herbáceas, la parte de la planta utilizada y el método de preparación. Finalizada la fase de las entrevistas, se realizaron salidas de campo en la reserva. Finalmente, se realizó una búsqueda de información bibliográfica, y se visitaron 4 plazas de mercado (Samper Mendoza, Paloquemao, 7 de Agosto y Restrepo) a nivel distrital, para comparar los usos reportados en la literatura, los expresados por los habitantes de las veredas, y por los vendedores de plantas medicinales en los puestos de las plazas. En total se reportan 35 especies de herbáceas medicinales utilizadas por los habitantes de las dos veredas, 17 se encontraron cultivadas y 20 en estado silvestre en la reserva. 14 especies son nativas, dentro de las que se destacan el árnica (Arnica montana), la vira-vira (Achyrocline bogotensis), y el chulco (Oxalis spiralis) como las nombradas de origen nativo y cuya procedencia es silvestre. Dentro de las especies foráneas que más cultivan los campesinos son el Ajenjo (Artemisia absinthium), la caléndula (Calendula officinalis) y la ruda (Ruta graveolens). Todas las especies son comercializadas en las plazas de mercado a excepción del chulco. Se reporta un mayor número de usos de las plantas medicinales proporcionados por los entrevistados en las veredas que en las plazas de mercado. Por otro lado, se observó que se presentan confusiones con algunos nombres comunes cómo es el caso de Altamisa (Ambrosia cumanensis), también conocida como Artemisa, y que puede confundirse con el Ajenjo (Artemisia absinthium), debido a que el género es Artemisia. Existe poca información sobre las plantas medicinales cultivadas y silvestres de las veredas V. Alto y V. Bajo [2]. Finalmente, las personas que más conocimiento tienen acerca las propiedades de las plantas medicinales fueron los adultos mayores de las veredas, por lo que se recomienda desarrollar proyectos participativos y sostenibles en la vereda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

En el marco de la Comisión Distrital para la Prevención y Mitigación de Incendios Forestales, como la unidad asesora técnica permanente relacionada con la comprensión, descenso y manejo de incendios forestales en Bogotá D.C. [1]. Se toma la decisión de iniciar la recuperación ecológica de una porción de área afectada por el incendio forestal ocurrido en febrero de 2016 conocido como Aguas Claras [2]. Es así como en julio de 2016 el Jardín Botánico de Bogotá, en articulación con el Instituto Distrital de Gestión de Riesgo y Cambio Climático, la Empresa de Acueducto, Alcantarillado y Aseo de Bogotá y la Escuela Logística del Ejercito Nacional, asume la responsabilidad de iniciar acciones de restauración ecológica dentro del área afectada por el incendio forestal de Aguas Claras. Priorizando el Área Piloto de Investigación en Restauración Ecológica APIRE La Cascada, localizada dentro de la Reserva Forestal Protectora Bosque Oriental de Bogotá, con un área de intervención de 5,46 ha (54.766 m2, aproximadamente 7,7 canchas de futbol) zonificada en 8 lotes, cuyo ecosistema objetivo de restauración es el Bosque Altoandino de Montaña. El predio se caracteriza por estar en la parte media de la vertiente occidental del cerro El Aguanoso, en un punto donde nace la Quebrada Laches, tributaria del Rio Fucha, a una altitud entre los 2.950 m y los 3.040 m de altura, con pendiente promedio del 12% al 25%, precipitación anual de 1.150 mm, temperatura media anual de 13 °C y humedad ambiental relativa anual del 80%. Las actividades técnicas del proceso de restauración ecológica desarrolladas en el APIRE La Cascada fueron ejecutadas siguiendo las recomendaciones dadas por Córdoba, Pinzón y García [3], las cuales se adaptaron a las condiciones biofísicas, legales, socioeconómicas y culturales de la zona. Los temas principales fueron la propagación de material vegetal nativo, la adecuación del área de trabajo, el enriquecimiento, manejo silvicultural, seguimiento y manejo adaptativo. Se ha logrado al primer semestre del año 2017 plantar 7.047 individuos vegetales de 47 especies diferentes propias del ecosistema referencia, alcanzando una intervención parcial correspondiente al 56,5% del área total propuesta para la implementación. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]